Solid-state single battery, solid-state battery pack and electric equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid-state batteries, and discloses a solid-state single battery, a solid-state battery pack and electric equipment. The solid-state single battery comprises a packaging shell which is provided with a first accommodating cavity; the naked battery cell is arranged in the first accommodating cavity; the naked battery cell comprises a first core stacking unit, a first heating unit and a second core stacking unit which are sequentially stacked in the first direction; and the first phase change material layer is positioned in the first accommodating cavity and covers the outer side of the bare battery cell. According to the solid-state single battery, the solid-state battery pack and the electric equipment, the phase-change material layer is arranged to absorb and store heat, the heat is released at low temperature to maintain the temperature of the battery, the frequency of frequent starting of the heating unit is reduced, the consumption of the electric quantity of the battery is reduced, and the low-temperature cruising ability is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid-state batteries, and in particular to a solid-state single cell battery, a solid-state battery pack, and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] Solid-state batteries, due to their inherent safety thanks to their use of solid electrolyte materials, are currently recognized as a promising technology for future mainstream power batteries. However, the battery's minimum operating temperature is typically around -20°C. This low temperature significantly reduces the lithium ion transfer rate within the solid-state battery, rendering it inoperable.

[0003] In existing technologies, heating devices are typically installed within solid-state batteries to ensure their normal operation at low temperatures. However, these heating devices typically utilize the solid-state battery's own power for heating. In low-temperature environments, heat dissipates rapidly, requiring repeated heating of the heating device, which significantly consumes the battery's power and shortens its battery life in low-temperature environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a solid-state single cell battery to solve the problem in the prior art that solid-state batteries have short battery life in low-temperature environments due to the provision of a heating device; the second purpose is to provide a solid-state battery pack; and the third purpose is to provide an electrical device.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A solid-state single cell battery comprises: a packaging shell forming a first accommodating cavity; a bare cell disposed in the first accommodating cavity; the bare cell comprising a first core stacking unit, a first heating unit, and a second core stacking unit stacked in sequence along a first direction; and a first phase change material layer located in the first accommodating cavity and covering the outside of the bare cell.

[0007] According to the above technical means, the first phase change material layer absorbs and stores heat, and releases it at low temperatures to maintain the battery temperature, thereby reducing the frequent activation of the first heating unit, reducing the consumption of the battery's own power, and significantly improving the low-temperature endurance.

[0008] Furthermore, the first phase change material layer is coated on the inner wall of the packaging shell.

[0009] According to the above technical means, the first phase change material layer is coated on the inner wall of the packaging shell and can directly contact the battery surface, thereby improving heat conduction efficiency, reducing the heat loss path, ensuring that the phase change material responds quickly to temperature changes, and enhancing the thermal insulation effect.

[0010] Furthermore, the thickness of the first phase change material layer is 1 to 3 mm.

[0011] According to the above technical means, by reasonably setting the thickness of the first phase change material layer, the energy storage capacity and space occupancy are balanced, avoiding excessive thickness causing volume expansion of the single cell or excessive thinness affecting the thermal insulation performance, thereby achieving efficient thermal management.

[0012] Furthermore, the first phase change material layer at least includes a high thermal conductivity, dilute carbon energy storage phase change material.

[0013] According to the above technical means, high thermal conductivity accelerates heat transfer, the dilute carbon content increases energy storage density, extends the insulation time, and at the same time reduces material weight and optimizes battery energy density.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a first storage battery, and the first heating unit is electrically connected to the first storage battery.

[0015] According to the above technical means, independent battery power supply avoids consuming the power of the solid-state single cell itself, solves the problem of shortened battery life due to power consumption of traditional heating devices, and significantly improves the available capacity of the battery under low temperature conditions.

[0016] Furthermore, the first storage battery is arranged in the packaging shell.

[0017] Based on the above technical means, the integrated design reduces external wiring and improves system reliability, while utilizing the internal space of the battery pack to avoid volume increase.

[0018] Furthermore, the packaging shell includes a shell and a cover body connected to each other, and the first battery is embedded in the cover body.

[0019] According to the above technical means, space utilization is optimized, circuit connection between the first storage battery and the first heating unit is facilitated, and at the same time the first storage battery is protected from external impact.

[0020] Furthermore, the first battery includes a first pole; the first pole is installed on the cover and passes through the cover along the second direction; the first heating unit has a first heating tab, and the first pole is electrically connected to the first heating tab; the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0021] According to the above technical means, the first pole of the first battery passes through the cover and is electrically connected to the first heating tab. This connection method can shorten the current path, reduce resistance loss, improve heating efficiency, and ensure that heat is quickly transferred to the first core stack unit and the second core stack unit.

[0022] Furthermore, the first storage battery is a sheet-shaped battery.

[0023] According to the above technical means, the thin design facilitates installation of the first battery in the cover, saves internal space of the packaging shell, facilitates heat dissipation management, and reduces the overall weight.

[0024] Furthermore, the first storage battery is arranged outside the packaging shell.

[0025] According to the above technical means, it is convenient to independently replace or maintain the first storage battery, thereby avoiding the overall performance of the solid-state single battery being affected by a failure of the first storage battery, and improving maintainability.

[0026] Furthermore, the first heating unit includes a first heating plate and two first insulating films. Along the first direction, the two first insulating films are respectively arranged on both sides of the first heating plate.

[0027] According to the above technical means, the first insulating film isolates the first heating plate and the first stacked core unit, as well as the first heating plate and the second stacked core unit, thereby preventing short circuits in bare cells and reducing the risk of local overheating of the first stacked core unit and the second stacked core unit, thereby improving battery safety.

[0028] Furthermore, the first core stack unit and the second core stack unit each include at least one group of positive electrode sheets, solid electrolytes and negative electrode sheets stacked in sequence along a first direction; the first heating unit is arranged adjacent to the positive electrode sheet; along the first direction, the projected area of ​​the first heating sheet is less than or equal to the projected area of ​​the positive electrode sheet; and / or, the first heating unit is arranged adjacent to the negative electrode sheet; along the first direction, the projected area of ​​the first heating sheet is less than or equal to the projected area of ​​the negative electrode sheet.

[0029] According to the above technical means, the first heating plate can evenly heat the core area of ​​the bare battery cell, avoiding heat concentration leading to performance degradation, and at the same time reducing interference with the laminated structure of the bare battery cell.

[0030] Furthermore, along the first direction, the projected area of ​​the first heating plate is less than or equal to half of the projected area of ​​the positive plate; and / or, along the first direction, the projected area of ​​the first heating plate is less than or equal to half of the projected area of ​​the negative plate.

[0031] According to the above technical means, the heating area is further limited to prevent local overheating from damaging the battery cell material, ensuring heating uniformity and battery cell life.

[0032] A solid-state battery pack includes: a box body formed with a second accommodating cavity; a plurality of solid-state single cells disposed in the second accommodating cavity; a plurality of second heating units located in the second accommodating cavity; at least some of the second heating units are disposed between two adjacent solid-state single cells; and a second phase change material layer located in the second accommodating cavity and covering the outside of the plurality of solid-state single cells.

[0033] According to the above technical means, a second phase change material layer is set in the box to achieve overall thermal insulation of multiple solid-state single batteries. The second phase change material layer absorbs and stores heat, and releases it at low temperatures to maintain the battery temperature, thereby reducing the number of times the second heating unit is frequently started, reducing the consumption of the battery's own power, and significantly improving the low-temperature endurance.

[0034] Furthermore, a second phase change material layer is coated on the inner wall of the box.

[0035] According to the above technical means, the second phase change material layer is coated on the inner wall of the box, which can directly contact the surface of the solid-state single battery, optimize the heat conduction path, reduce heat loss to the external environment, and improve the overall thermal management efficiency.

[0036] Furthermore, the thickness of the second phase change material layer is 1 to 3 mm.

[0037] According to the above technical means, the energy storage and space requirements are balanced, which not only ensures the thermal insulation and heat storage capacity, but also avoids occupying too much space.

[0038] Furthermore, the second phase change material layer at least includes a high thermal conductivity, dilute carbon energy storage phase change material.

[0039] According to the above technical means, high thermal conductivity accelerates heat distribution, and the dilute carbon content improves energy storage density, extending the low-temperature working time of the battery pack.

[0040] Furthermore, it also includes a second battery, which is arranged in the box and electrically connected to the second heating unit.

[0041] Based on the above technical means, independent power supply avoids power consumption of the battery pack itself, solves the problem of battery life attenuation of traditional heating solutions, and improves system energy efficiency.

[0042] Furthermore, the solid-state single cell battery is the solid-state single cell battery mentioned above.

[0043] Based on the above technical means, the solid-state single cell battery and the battery pack-level thermal management system work together to achieve dual insulation and heating, maximize low-temperature endurance, and improve system reliability.

[0044] An electrical device, comprising: the solid-state single cell battery as described above; or the solid-state battery pack as described above.

[0045] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0046] (1) The present invention provides a phase change material layer to absorb and store heat, which is released at low temperatures to maintain the battery temperature, thereby reducing the number of times the heating unit is frequently activated, reducing the consumption of the battery's own power, and significantly improving low-temperature endurance.

[0047] (2) The present invention uses an independent battery to power the device, avoiding consumption of power from solid-state cells or the battery pack itself, thereby solving the problem of shortened battery life due to power consumption in conventional heating devices and significantly improving the available capacity of the battery under low-temperature conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of the solid-state single battery of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 A top view of the cover of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view in the AA direction;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a bare battery cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a bare cell according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the partial structure of the solid-state battery pack of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the solid-state battery pack of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the solid-state battery pack of the present invention.

[0056] Among them, the reference numerals are: 1-solid-state single cell; 11-packaging shell; 110-first accommodating cavity; 111-housing; 112-cover; 12-bare cell; 121-first stacked core unit; 122-second stacked core unit; 123-first heating unit; 1231-first heating plate; 1232-first insulating film; 1233-first heating tab; 124-positive electrode sheet; 125-negative electrode sheet; 126-solid electrolyte; 127-positive tab; 128-negative tab; 13-first phase change material layer; 14-first battery; 141-first electrode column; 15-positive electrode column; 16-negative electrode column;

[0057] 2-box; 20-second accommodating chamber;

[0058] 3- second heating unit;

[0059] 4-second phase change material layer;

[0060] 5- Second battery;

[0061] T-first direction; L-second direction; W-third direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the various details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0063] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the illustrations only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape, and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity, and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complex.

[0064] This embodiment proposes a solid-state single cell battery 1, such as Figure 1 As shown, the solid-state battery cell 1 comprises a packaging shell 11, a bare cell 12, and a first phase change material layer 13. Specifically, a first accommodating cavity 110 is formed within the packaging shell 11, and the bare cell 12 is disposed within the first accommodating cavity 110. The bare cell 12 comprises a first core stack unit 121, a first heating unit 123, and a second core stack unit 122, which are stacked sequentially along a first direction T. The first heating unit 123 is used to generate heat and transfer the heat to the first and second core stack units 121, 122 to ensure normal operation of the solid-state battery cell 1. It can be understood that the first direction T is the thickness direction of the bare cell 12, that is, the thickness direction of the solid-state battery cell 1.

[0065] Furthermore, the first phase-change material layer 13 is located within the first accommodating cavity 110 and covers the outside of the bare battery cell 12. In this embodiment, the first phase-change material layer 13 absorbs and stores heat, releasing it at low temperatures to maintain the battery temperature. This reduces the frequency of activation of the first heating unit 123, reduces the consumption of the battery's own power, and significantly improves low-temperature endurance.

[0066] The first phase change material layer 13 may be a thin film phase change material or a phase change material coating.

[0067] In some embodiments, first phase-change material layer 13 is a phase-change material coating. This coating is applied to the inner wall of packaging shell 11, allowing for direct contact with the battery surface. This improves thermal conductivity, reduces heat dissipation paths, ensures the phase-change material rapidly responds to temperature changes, and enhances thermal insulation. Furthermore, applying first phase-change material layer 13 to the inner wall of packaging shell 11 simplifies the manufacturing process and prevents dislocation, thereby improving the reliability of thermal insulation and heat storage.

[0068] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the thickness of the first phase change material layer 13 is 1 to 3 mm. For example, the thickness of the first phase change material layer 13 can be 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, etc. It is understandable that the thickness of the first phase change material layer 13 can be any value between 1 and 3 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm, and more preferably 2 mm. By reasonably setting the thickness of the first phase change material layer 13, the energy storage capacity and space occupation are balanced, and the volume expansion of the single battery due to excessive thickness or the thermal insulation performance affected by excessive thinness is avoided, thereby achieving efficient thermal management.

[0069] The first phase change material layer 13 may be a high thermal conductivity, rarefied carbon, energy storage phase change material, a graphene-based composite phase change material, a paraffin-based phase change material, or the like.

[0070] In some embodiments, the first phase change material layer 13 includes at least a high thermal conductivity dilute carbon energy storage phase change material, whose high thermal conductivity accelerates heat transfer, and the dilute carbon component increases energy storage density, extends insulation time, and reduces material weight, thereby optimizing battery energy density.

[0071] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the solid-state battery 1 further includes a first storage battery 14, and the first heating unit 123 is electrically connected to the first storage battery 14. The first storage battery 14 is used to power the first heating unit 123, and the first heating unit 123 does not need to consume the power of the solid-state battery 1 itself. In this embodiment, the independent storage battery power supply avoids consuming the power of the solid-state battery 1 itself, solving the problem of shortened battery life due to power consumption of traditional heating devices, and significantly improving the battery's available capacity under low-temperature conditions.

[0072] The first storage battery 14 may be a ternary soft-pack battery, a lead-acid battery, a lithium cobalt oxide battery, or a nickel-metal hydride battery.

[0073] In some embodiments, the first battery 14 is disposed in the packaging shell 11 , and the first battery 14 and the packaging shell 11 are integrated to reduce external wiring, improve system reliability, and utilize the internal space of the battery pack to avoid volume increase.

[0074] More specifically, if Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, the packaging shell 11 includes a shell 111 and a cover 112 connected to each other, and the first battery 14 is embedded in the cover 112. By embedding the first battery 14 in the cover 112, space utilization can be optimized, the circuit connection between the first battery 14 and the first heating unit 123 can be facilitated, and the first battery 14 is protected from external impact.

[0075] Exemplarily, a groove is provided on the top of the cover 112 , the shape of the groove matches the shape of the first storage battery 14 , and the first storage battery 14 is installed in the groove.

[0076] Illustratively, the first battery 14 has a first pole 141, which is connected to the cover 112, thereby fixing the battery to the cover 112. Illustratively, the first pole 141 can be welded, riveted, or the like to the cover 112.

[0077] It is understood that there are two first poles 141, which are respectively the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery. Accordingly, the first heating unit 123 includes two first heating tabs 1233, which are respectively electrically connected to the two first poles 141.

[0078] Furthermore, the solid-state single cell battery 1 has a first direction T, a second direction L, and a third direction W, which are perpendicular to each other. The first direction T is the thickness direction of the solid-state single cell battery 1, the second direction L is the direction of the solid-state single cell battery 1 extending from the tab, that is, the length direction of the solid-state single cell battery 1, and the third direction W is the width direction of the solid-state single cell battery 1.

[0079] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first battery 14 includes a first terminal 141. The first terminal 141 is mounted on the cover 112 and extends through the cover 112 along the second direction L. The first heating unit 123 has a first heating tab 1233, and the first terminal 141 is electrically connected to the first heating tab 1233. The first terminal 141 of the first battery 14 extends through the cover 112 and is electrically connected to the first heating tab 1233. This connection shortens the current path, reduces resistance loss, improves heating efficiency, and ensures rapid heat transfer to the first and second stacked core units 121, 122.

[0080] Furthermore, the solid-state single cell battery 1 also includes a positive electrode tab 127, a negative electrode tab 128, a positive electrode column 15, and a negative electrode column 16. The positive electrode sheets 124 in the first and second stacked core units 121, 122 collectively form the positive electrode tab 127, while the negative electrode sheets 125 in the first and second stacked core units 121, 122 collectively form the negative electrode tab 128. The positive electrode column 15 and the negative electrode column 16 are both mounted on the cover 112, with the positive electrode column 15 electrically connected to the positive electrode tab 127 and the negative electrode column 16 electrically connected to the negative electrode tab 128.

[0081] In some embodiments, the positive electrode tab 127 and the negative electrode tab 128 are spaced apart in the third direction W, and the first heating tab 1233 of the first heating unit 123 can be located between the positive electrode tab 127 and the negative electrode tab 128. The positive electrode post 15 and the negative electrode post 16 are spaced apart, and the first battery 14 can be located between the positive electrode post 15 and the negative electrode post 16. The two first electrode posts 141 can be located on both sides of the first battery 14 along the third direction W.

[0082] It is understandable that in some embodiments not shown in the figures, the positive tabs 127, negative tabs 128, and positive and negative posts 15, 16 of the solid-state single battery 1 may also be arranged in other ways, such as with the positive tabs 127 and negative tabs 128 located on both sides of the bare cell 12 along the second direction L, and with the aforementioned covers 112 provided on both sides of the housing 111 along the second direction L, and with the positive and negative posts 15, 16 provided on the two covers 112. In this case, the first battery 14 may be provided on either of the covers 112.

[0083] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first battery 14 may be a sheet-shaped battery. The thin design facilitates installation of the first battery 14 in the cover 112 , saving internal space of the packaging shell 11 , facilitating heat dissipation management, and reducing overall weight.

[0084] For example, the first battery 14 may be a soft-pack battery in a sheet shape. Along the second direction L, the thickness of the first battery 14 may be between 2 and 5 mm, preferably between 3 and 4 mm, and more preferably 4 mm.

[0085] Furthermore, in some embodiments not shown in the figures, the first battery 14 can also be arranged outside the packaging shell 11 to facilitate independent replacement or maintenance of the first battery 14, avoid affecting the overall performance of the solid-state single battery 1 due to failure of the first battery 14, and improve maintainability.

[0086] Furthermore, in some embodiments, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the first heating unit 123 includes a first heating plate 1231 and two first insulating films 1232. The two first insulating films 1232 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first heating plate 1231 along the first direction T. The first insulating films 1232 isolate the first heating plate 1231 from the first stacked core unit 121, and the first heating plate 1231 from the second stacked core unit 122, thereby preventing the bare battery cells 12 from short-circuiting. At the same time, it reduces the risk of local overheating of the first stacked core unit 121 and the second stacked core unit 122, thereby improving battery safety.

[0087] Illustratively, the first heating plate 1231 may be a nickel plate or a graphene plate. The first heating tab 1233 is connected to the first heating plate 1231. Illustratively, the first heating tab 1233 and the first heating plate 1231 may be welded or integrally formed. Illustratively, the thickness of the first heating plate 1231 is 5 to 90 μm, preferably 15 to 45 μm.

[0088] Illustratively, the first insulating film 1232 is selected from one or more of a polyimide insulating film, a polyethylene insulating film, a polypropylene insulating film, a polytetrafluoroethylene insulating film, or an aluminum oxide insulating film. Illustratively, the thickness of the first insulating film 1232 is 2 to 100 μm, preferably 50 to 90 μm.

[0089] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first core stack unit 121 and the second core stack unit 122 each include at least one set of positive electrode sheets 124, solid electrolytes 126, and negative electrode sheets 125 stacked in sequence along the first direction T. Figure 1 As shown, the first core stack unit 121 , the first heating unit 123 and the second core stack unit 122 are stacked in sequence along the first direction T and can be composited into an integrated structure through a thermal composite lamination process.

[0090] It is understood that both the first and second core stack units 121, 122 may include multiple positive electrode sheets 124, multiple negative electrode sheets 125, and multiple solid electrolytes 126. The positive electrode sheets 124, solid electrolytes 126, and negative electrode sheets 125 in the first and second core stack units 121, 122 may be the same or different. Preferably, the number of positive electrode sheets 124, solid electrolytes 126, and negative electrode sheets 125 in the first and second core stack units 121, 122 is the same, or the number of positive electrode sheets 124, solid electrolytes 126, and negative electrode sheets 125 in the first and second core stack units 121, 122 is similar.

[0091] Furthermore, in the first core stack unit 121 , the positive electrode sheet 124 may be disposed adjacent to the first heating unit 123 , or the negative electrode sheet 125 may be disposed adjacent to the first heating unit 123 .

[0092] Furthermore, in the second core stack unit 122 , the positive electrode sheet 124 may be disposed adjacent to the first heating unit 123 , or the negative electrode sheet 125 may be disposed adjacent to the first heating unit 123 .

[0093] The polarities of the electrode pieces on both sides of the first heating unit 123 along the first direction T may be the same or opposite.

[0094] Preferably, both sides of the first heating unit 123 along the first direction T are combined with the negative electrode sheet 125 .

[0095] Furthermore, the positive electrode sheet 124 includes a positive electrode foil layer and a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode foil layer can be aluminum foil, and the positive electrode active material layer is selected from one or more of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium-rich manganese base, lithium manganese iron phosphate, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate and lithium vanadium phosphate.

[0096] Furthermore, the negative electrode sheet 125 includes a negative electrode foil layer and a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode foil layer may be copper foil, and the negative electrode active material layer is selected from one or more of nano silicon powder, porous silicon, and silicon-carbon materials.

[0097] Furthermore, the solid electrolyte 126 can be selected from sulfide electrolytes, preferably one or more of LGPS, LPS, Li6PS5X, LiSiPSX and Li11aM2aP1+aS12, wherein X is selected from at least one of F, Cl, Br, and I, M is selected from at least one of Ge, Si, and Sn, and 0.01≤a≤1.

[0098] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the first heating unit 123 is disposed adjacent to the positive electrode sheet 124; along the first direction T, the projected area of ​​the first heating sheet 1231 is less than or equal to the projected area of ​​the positive electrode sheet 124. And / or, in some embodiments, the first heating unit 123 is disposed adjacent to the negative electrode sheet 125; along the first direction T, the projected area of ​​the first heating sheet 1231 is less than or equal to the projected area of ​​the negative electrode sheet 125. With this arrangement, the first heating sheet 1231 can evenly heat the core area of ​​the bare cell 12, preventing heat concentration from causing performance degradation, while also reducing interference with the laminated structure of the bare cell 12.

[0099] Furthermore, in some embodiments, along the first direction T, the projected area of ​​the first heating plate 1231 is less than or equal to one-half the projected area of ​​the positive electrode plate 124. And / or, along the first direction T, the projected area of ​​the first heating plate 1231 is less than or equal to one-half the projected area of ​​the negative electrode plate 125. This configuration can further limit the heating area, prevent local overheating from damaging the battery cell materials, and ensure heating uniformity and battery cell life.

[0100] Furthermore, the solid-state single cell 1 may also include a temperature control switch and a temperature sensor, which are arranged in the packaging shell 11. The temperature sensor may be a thin film sensor, which is arranged inside the packaging shell 11. The temperature control switch may be arranged between the first heating unit 123 and the first storage battery 14. Both the temperature sensor and the temperature control switch may be connected to the battery management system. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the solid-state single cell 1 is lower than the set temperature, the temperature control switch is activated, the first storage battery 14 supplies energy to the first heating plate 1231, and the first heating plate 1231 generates heat. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the solid-state single cell 1 rises to the set temperature limit, the temperature control switch is closed, and the first phase change material layer 13 is kept warm to maintain the heat at the set temperature.

[0101] This embodiment proposes a solid-state battery pack, such as Figure 6-Figure 8As shown, the present invention comprises a housing 2, multiple solid-state cells 1, multiple second heating units 3, and a second phase change material layer 4. A second accommodating cavity 20 is formed within the housing 2, and multiple solid-state cells 1 are disposed within the second accommodating cavity 20. Multiple second heating units 3 are located within the second accommodating cavity 20, with at least some of the second heating units 3 disposed between two adjacent solid-state cells 1. It is understood that when in a low-temperature environment, the second heating units 3 are used to provide heat to the solid-state cells 1 to ensure normal operation of the solid-state cells 1.

[0102] Furthermore, the second phase-change material layer 4 is located within the second accommodating cavity 20 and covers the outer sides of the plurality of solid-state cells 1. In this embodiment, the second phase-change material layer 4 is provided within the housing 2 to achieve overall thermal insulation for the plurality of solid-state cells 1. The second phase-change material layer 4 absorbs and stores heat, releasing it at low temperatures to maintain the battery temperature. This reduces the frequency of activation of the second heating unit 3, reduces the consumption of the battery's own power, and significantly improves low-temperature endurance.

[0103] The second phase change material layer 4 may be a thin film phase change material or a phase change material coating.

[0104] In some embodiments, the second phase-change material layer 4 is a phase-change material coating. This layer is applied to the inner wall of the housing 2, allowing direct contact with the surface of the solid-state battery cells 1. This optimizes the heat conduction path, reduces heat loss to the external environment, and improves overall thermal management efficiency. Furthermore, applying the second phase-change material layer 4 to the inner wall of the housing 2 simplifies the manufacturing process and prevents dislocation, thereby improving the reliability of thermal insulation and heat storage.

[0105] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the thickness of the second phase change material layer 4 is 1 to 3 mm. For example, the thickness of the second phase change material layer 4 can be 1 mm, 1.5 mm, 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, etc. It is understandable that the thickness of the second phase change material layer 4 can be any value between 1 and 3 mm, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm, and more preferably 2 mm. By reasonably setting the thickness of the second phase change material layer 4, the energy storage and space requirements are balanced, thereby ensuring the thermal insulation and heat storage capacity while avoiding taking up too much space.

[0106] Among them, the second phase change material layer 4 can be a high thermal conductivity rarefied carbon energy storage phase change material, a graphene-based composite phase change material, a paraffin-based phase change material, etc.

[0107] In some embodiments, the second phase change material layer 4 includes at least a high thermal conductivity, dilute carbon energy storage phase change material, whose high thermal conductivity accelerates heat distribution, and the dilute carbon component increases energy storage density, thereby extending the low-temperature working time of the battery pack.

[0108] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the solid-state battery pack further includes a second battery 5, which is disposed within the housing 2 and electrically connected to the second heating unit 3. In this embodiment, the independent power supply avoids power consumption in the battery pack itself, solves the problem of battery life degradation in traditional heating solutions, and improves system energy efficiency.

[0109] The second storage battery 5 may be a ternary soft-pack battery, a lead-acid battery, a lithium cobalt oxide battery, or a nickel-metal hydride battery.

[0110] For example, the second battery 5 may be a soft-pack battery in a sheet shape, and may have a thickness between 2 and 5 mm, preferably between 3 and 4 mm, and more preferably 4 mm.

[0111] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the solid-state single cell 1 of this solution can be the solid-state single cell 1 described in any of the above embodiments. By cooperating with the battery pack-level thermal management system, the solid-state single cell 1 can achieve dual insulation and heating, maximize low-temperature endurance, and improve system reliability.

[0112] It should be noted that the structure of the second heating unit 3 may be the same as that of the first heating unit 123 , ie, it includes a second heating plate and two second insulating films located on both sides of the second heating plate along the thickness direction of the second heating plate.

[0113] Illustratively, the second heating plate can be a nickel plate or a graphene plate. The second heating plate is provided with a second heating tab, which is used to connect to the second battery 5. Illustratively, the second heating tab and the second heating plate can be welded or integrally formed. Illustratively, the thickness of the second heating plate is 5 to 90 μm, preferably 15 to 45 μm.

[0114] Exemplarily, the second insulating film is selected from one or more of polyimide insulating film, polyethylene insulating film, polypropylene insulating film, polytetrafluoroethylene insulating film or aluminum oxide insulating film. Exemplarily, the thickness of the second insulating film is 2-100 μm, preferably 50-90 μm.

[0115] For example, Figure 8 As shown, a steel frame is provided within the housing 2, which is provided with a plurality of first slots and a plurality of second slots. Along the length of the housing 2, the plurality of second slots are respectively arranged between two adjacent first slots. And / or, along the width of the housing 2, the plurality of second slots are respectively arranged between two adjacent first slots. The first slots are used to install the solid-state single battery 1, and the second slots are used to install the second heating unit 3.

[0116] For example, Figure 6As shown, one end of the box body 2 along the length direction or the width direction is further provided with a mounting groove, in which the second battery 5 can be installed. The second battery 5 can be fixed in the mounting groove by means of clamping, bonding, bolts, etc.

[0117] For example, the second battery 5 is provided with a second pole, which is used to electrically connect to the second heating tabs of the plurality of second heating units 3. It is understandable that two second poles are also provided, and accordingly, two second heating tabs are also provided in each second heating unit 3, which will not be repeated here.

[0118] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a photovoltaic cell, which is used to power the first storage battery 14 and / or the second storage battery 5. For example, the photovoltaic cell can be a thin-film battery, specifically, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, a copper indium gallium selenide thin-film battery, an amorphous silicon thin-film battery, a gallium arsenide thin-film battery, etc.

[0119] Furthermore, the battery pack also includes a battery management system and a temperature control unit, and the temperature control unit is electrically connected to the battery management system. Exemplarily, the temperature control unit may include a temperature control switch and a temperature sensor, and the temperature control switch and the temperature sensor are arranged in the box body 2. Among them, the temperature sensor may be a thin film sensor. The temperature control switch can be arranged between the second heating unit 3 and the second storage battery 5. Both the temperature sensor and the temperature control switch can be connected to the battery management system. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the solid-state battery pack is lower than the set temperature, the temperature control switch is started, the second storage battery 5 supplies energy to the second heating plate, and the second heating plate generates heat. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature inside the solid-state battery pack rises to the set temperature limit, the temperature control switch is closed, and the second phase change material layer 4 is kept warm to maintain the heat at the set temperature.

[0120] This embodiment provides an electrical device comprising the solid-state single cell battery 1 described in the above embodiment; or comprising the solid-state battery pack described in the above embodiment. Since the electrical device of the present invention comprises the solid-state single cell battery 1 or the solid-state battery pack of the present invention, it has the same technical effects as the solid-state single cell battery 1 or the solid-state battery pack of the present invention, and will not be further described here.

[0121] The electrical equipment of the present invention can be any device that uses the above-mentioned solid-state single cell 1 or solid-state battery pack. For example, the electrical equipment can be a vehicle, a mobile phone, a portable device, a laptop computer, a ship, a spacecraft, an electric toy, an electric tool, etc. The vehicle can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.; the spacecraft includes airplanes, rockets, space shuttles and spacecraft, etc.; the electric toys include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys and electric airplane toys, etc.; the electric tools include metal cutting electric tools, grinding electric tools, assembly electric tools and railway electric tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators and electric planers, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not impose any special restrictions on the above-mentioned electrical equipment.

[0122] The solid-state single cell battery 1, solid-state battery pack, and electrical equipment of the present invention are capable of self-heating, with high heat conversion efficiency, rapid self-heating speed, uniform heating surface, and small battery temperature gradient. The thin and lightweight heating unit achieves rapid and uniform heating of the battery interior without substantially compromising the battery's energy density, thereby enabling the solid-state battery to release more capacity and energy at low temperatures. Furthermore, the phase change material layer provided in the present invention effectively maintains the battery temperature, reduces the number of self-heating events, and lowers energy consumption, thereby extending the battery's low-temperature endurance.

[0123] Example

[0124] Comparative Example 1

[0125] The solid-state single cell battery 1 includes a packaging shell 11 and a bare cell 12. The bare cell 12 comprises a first core stack unit 121, a first heating unit 123, and a second core stack unit 122 stacked in sequence along a first direction T. The first heating plate 1231 of the first heating unit 123 is graphene. In other words, in Comparative Example 1, the first phase change material layer 13 is not provided.

[0126] Example 1

[0127] The solid-state single cell battery 1 includes a packaging shell 11, a bare cell 12, and a first phase-change material layer 13. The bare cell 12 comprises a first core stack 121, a first heating unit 123, and a second core stack 122, stacked in sequence along a first direction T. The first heating plate 1231 of the first heating unit 123 is made of graphene. The first phase-change material layer 13 is coated on the inner wall of the packaging shell 11 and has a thickness of 1 mm.

[0128] Example 2

[0129] The solid-state single cell battery 1 includes a packaging shell 11, a bare cell 12, and a first phase-change material layer 13. The bare cell 12 comprises a first core stack 121, a first heating unit 123, and a second core stack 122, stacked in sequence along a first direction T. The first heating plate 1231 of the first heating unit 123 is made of graphene. The first phase-change material layer 13 is coated on the inner wall of the packaging shell 11 and has a thickness of 2 mm.

[0130] Example 3

[0131] The solid-state single cell battery 1 includes a packaging shell 11, a bare cell 12, and a first phase-change material layer 13. The bare cell 12 comprises a first core stack 121, a first heating unit 123, and a second core stack 122, stacked in sequence along a first direction T. The first heating plate 1231 of the first heating unit 123 is made of graphene. The first phase-change material layer 13 is coated on the inner wall of the packaging shell 11 and has a thickness of 3 mm.

[0132] The self-heating test was performed on the single cells of Comparative Example 1 and Examples 1-3 in a low temperature environment. The heating results are shown in Table 1:

[0133]

[0134] Table 1

[0135] The test results show that, compared with not providing a phase change material layer, providing the first phase change material layer 13 in the solid-state single battery 1 can improve the heat preservation and heat storage performance of the solid-state single battery 1 in a low-temperature environment, thereby reducing the number of heating times and increasing the battery life.

[0136] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state single cell battery, characterized in that: include: A packaging shell (11) is formed with a first accommodating cavity (110); A bare battery core (12) is disposed in the first accommodating cavity (110); the bare battery core (12) comprises a first core stacking unit (121), a first heating unit (123), and a second core stacking unit (122) sequentially stacked along a first direction (T); A first phase change material layer (13) is located in the first accommodating cavity (110) and covers the outer side of the bare battery core (12).

2. The solid-state single cell battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first phase change material layer (13) is coated on the inner wall of the packaging shell (11).

3. The solid-state single cell battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the first phase change material layer (13) is 1 to 3 mm.

4. The solid-state single battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first phase change material layer (13) at least comprises a high thermal conductivity, dilute carbon energy storage phase change material.

5. The solid-state single battery according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The invention also includes a first storage battery (14), and the first heating unit (123) is electrically connected to the first storage battery (14).

6. The solid-state single cell battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first storage battery (14) is arranged in the packaging shell (11).

7. The solid-state single cell battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The packaging shell (11) comprises a shell (111) and a cover (112) connected to each other, and the first storage battery (14) is embedded in the cover (112).

8. The solid-state single cell battery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The first storage battery (14) includes a first pole (141); the first pole (141) is mounted on the cover (112) and passes through the cover (112) along a second direction (L); the first heating unit (123) has a first heating tab (1233), and the first pole (141) is electrically connected to the first heating tab (1233); The second direction (L) is perpendicular to the first direction (T).

9. The solid-state single battery according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first storage battery (14) is a sheet-shaped battery.

10. The solid-state single battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first storage battery (14) is arranged outside the packaging shell (11).

11. The solid-state single battery according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first heating unit (123) comprises a first heating plate (1231) and two first insulating films (1232). Along the first direction (T), the two first insulating films (1232) are respectively arranged on both sides of the first heating plate (1231).

12. The solid-state single battery according to claim 11, characterized in that: The first core stack unit (121) and the second core stack unit (122) each include at least one set of positive electrode sheets (124), solid electrolytes (126), and negative electrode sheets (125) stacked in sequence along a first direction (T); The first heating unit (123) is arranged adjacent to the positive electrode sheet (124); along the first direction (T), the projected area of ​​the first heating sheet (1231) is less than or equal to the projected area of ​​the positive electrode sheet (124); and / or the first heating unit (123) is arranged adjacent to the negative electrode sheet (125); along the first direction (T), the projected area of ​​the first heating sheet (1231) is less than or equal to the projected area of ​​the negative electrode sheet (125).

13. The solid-state single battery according to claim 12, characterized in that: Along the first direction (T), the projected area of ​​the first heating plate (1231) is less than or equal to half the projected area of ​​the positive electrode plate (124); and / or, Along the first direction (T), the projected area of ​​the first heating plate (1231) is less than or equal to half the projected area of ​​the negative electrode plate (125).

14. A solid-state battery pack, characterized in that: include: The box body (2) is formed with a second accommodating cavity (20); A plurality of solid-state single cells (1) are arranged in the second accommodating cavity (20); A plurality of second heating units (3) are located in the second accommodating cavity (20); at least some of the second heating units (3) are arranged between two adjacent solid-state single batteries (1); The second phase change material layer (4) is located in the second accommodating cavity (20) and covers the outer sides of the plurality of solid-state single batteries (1).

15. The solid-state battery pack according to claim 14, characterized in that: The second phase change material layer (4) is coated on the inner wall of the box (2).

16. The solid-state battery pack according to claim 15, characterized in that: The thickness of the second phase change material layer (4) is 1 to 3 mm.

17. The solid-state battery pack according to claim 14, wherein: The second phase change material layer (4) comprises at least a high thermal conductivity, dilute carbon energy storage phase change material.

18. The solid-state battery pack according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that: It also includes a second storage battery (5), which is arranged in the box (2) and electrically connected to the second heating unit (3).

19. The solid-state battery pack according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that: The solid-state single cell (1) is the solid-state single cell (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

20. An electrical device, characterized in that: include: The solid-state single cell (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13; Alternatively, a solid-state battery pack as described in any one of claims 14-19.

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