Lithium battery pack matched with UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium battery pack matched with a UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply), and relates to the technical field of the UPS. According to the invention, a NiTi shape memory alloy-carbon nanotube reinforced polyether ketone ketone PEEK composite printing shell is adopted, and self-unfolding heat dissipation fins are arranged in the shell; and the cell matrix is arranged in the hollow heat conduction frame and is coated with heat conduction silicone grease. The magnetic suspension brushless impeller drives the high-heat-conduction fluoroether-water nanometer liquid to circulate between the temperature conduction frame and the cooling chamber, and heat is transmitted to the coaxial cooling fan through the temperature conduction copper shaft and discharged through the multiple air channels. The controller and the battery cell heat source are separated from each other by the aerogel partition; and the battery core pressure release valve, the high-position top port and the side exhaust port are guided to the single exhaust pipe through the double-confluence cover, so that thermal runaway gas is quickly released. Zero-power-consumption self-adaptive heat dissipation, liquid-gas coupling heat exchange and multi-stage directional pressure relief are achieved, and safety and power density are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of UPS power supplies, in particular to a lithium battery pack used in conjunction with a UPS power supply. Background Art

[0002] Most current UPS lithium battery packs utilize a heat dissipation structure with aluminum extrusions and fixed fins and an external fan. Fin geometry is fixed during the design phase and cannot be dynamically adjusted based on current and heat load. During fast charging or pulsed discharge, local hot spots rapidly accumulate, and cell temperature differences can easily exceed 20°C, triggering thermal runaway. Liquid cooling and air cooling typically operate in two independent closed circuits, with asynchronous pump-air speed responses. Heat must be transferred across the interface twice, resulting in a temperature lag and forcing the BMS to limit power. The controller's IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) must rely on the same fan for heat dissipation. When reversely heated by the cell heat flow, they heat up more rapidly, often requiring frequency reduction. Current pressure relief solutions often utilize a single exhaust port on the module's top cover. When the safety valve opens, flames erupt at high speed, igniting adjacent cells with little buffering. The housing is often constructed of thickened steel for strength, resulting in high weight, low energy density, and a large number of components, increasing handling and maintenance costs. This significantly limits the flexibility of UPS deployment in data centers and mobile base stations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a lithium battery pack for UPS power supply, comprising a protective casing, a front air inlet is provided on the front of the protective casing, an operation data display window is also provided on the front of the protective casing, a battery cell array is provided on the inner wall of the protective casing, and the battery cell array is arranged in a rectangular shape; the positive and negative poles of each battery cell are electrically connected by a copper bar, and the battery cell array is arranged in a heat-conducting battery cell mounting shell, the interior of the heat-conducting battery cell mounting shell adopts a hollow setting, and the heat-conducting battery cell mounting shell is made of shape memory alloy and polymer. The protective casing is made of a composite material printed in one piece, and the inside of the casing is provided with heat dissipation fins that can automatically expand when the temperature is triggered; a top pressure relief exhaust port and two symmetrically arranged side exhaust ports are provided on the side of the protective casing away from the front air inlet, and the pressure relief valve of the battery cell is arranged on the side close to the top pressure relief exhaust port; an aerogel partition is also fixedly installed on the inner wall of the protective casing, and the aerogel partition is used to divide the inside of the protective casing into two parts, one part of which is connected to the pressure relief valve of the battery cell array, and the other part is connected to the outside of the protective casing through the top pressure relief exhaust port and the front air inlet.

[0004] Preferably, the thermal conductive cell mounting shell is co-printed with a NiTi shape memory alloy skeleton and a carbon nanotube-reinforced polyetherketoneketone composite layer. The heat sink fins automatically expand 35°±5° at temperatures ≥50°C. The shape memory alloy changes phase and drives the fins to expand, increasing the heat dissipation area by approximately 70%.

[0005] Preferably, a top cover is fixedly and sealedly installed on the protective casing, an air guide hollow plate is fixedly installed on the side of the protective casing away from the top cover, a hollow plate opening is provided on the air guide hollow plate, a bottom guide port is provided on the protective casing, the bottom guide port and the hollow plate opening are aligned so that the protective casing is connected to the interior of the air guide hollow plate through the hollow plate opening and the bottom guide port.

[0006] Preferably, a controller unit heat sink is fixedly provided at the front air inlet position in the protective casing. The controller unit heat sink is used to dissipate heat from the controller unit. The controller unit is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the protective casing.

[0007] Preferably, the temperature-conducting battery cell mounting shell is in the shape of a rectangular array grid, wherein the battery cells are inserted in each grid, and thermal grease is applied between the outer surface of the battery cells and the temperature-conducting battery cell mounting shell.

[0008] Preferably, a first convergent cover is fixedly installed at one end of the protective casing away from the front air inlet, and the first convergent cover is used to cover the two side exhaust hoods, and an exhaust pipe opening is also fixedly connected on the first convergent cover, so that the exhaust pipe opening and the two side exhaust ports are connected through the first convergent cover.

[0009] Preferably, a coolant drive chamber is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the protective casing away from the front air inlet; a water inlet and a drain outlet are also provided on the temperature-conducting battery cell mounting shell, and a flow isolation ring plate is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the coolant drive chamber, which divides the coolant drive chamber into two spaces, wherein the space close to the protective casing is connected to the water inlet through a drainage channel, wherein the space away from the protective casing is connected to the drain outlet through a reflux channel, and a driving impeller is also rotatably installed in the space close to the protective casing.

[0010] Preferably, a sealing end panel is fixedly sealed and installed on the coolant drive chamber, and a temperature-conducting copper shaft is provided for rotational sealing at the axial position of the sealing end panel. The temperature-conducting copper shaft is fixedly matched with the driving impeller, and a heat dissipation driving fan is fixedly installed at a position outside the coolant drive chamber on the temperature-conducting copper shaft, and the heat dissipation driving fan is arranged inside the exhaust pipe opening.

[0011] Preferably, a second collecting cover is fixedly mounted on the first collecting cover, and the second collecting cover is used to cover the top pressure relief exhaust cover.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The present invention adopts a NiTi shape memory alloy skeleton-carbon nanotube reinforced polyetherketone ketone (PEEK) composite shell to print out a hollow thermal conductive battery cell mounting frame and self-expanding heat dissipation fins. When the shell temperature is ≥50°C, the alloy phase change drive fins are fully opened at an angle of 35°±5°, and the equivalent heat dissipation area is increased by about 100%. Without the need for electrical energy, the battery cell shell wall temperature can be significantly reduced, achieving passive adaptive heat dissipation; when the temperature drops, the fins automatically retract, which can avoid dust accumulation and mechanical interference, and extend the life of the battery pack; (2) The present invention has a built-in magnetic suspension brushless drive impeller and a flow ring plate to form a low-resistance centrifugal pump, which continuously drives the high thermal conductivity fluoroether-water nanosuspension to circulate between the thermal conductive shell and the cooling chamber. At the same time, the heat is coupled to the heat dissipation drive fan through the heat-conducting copper shaft and carried away by the external air flow, realizing liquid-gas coaxial heat exchange; (3) The pressure relief valve on the battery cell side of the present invention first releases high-temperature and high-pressure gas to an independent compartment near the top, and then discharges it outward through the top, side three-way and the first and second convergence cover guide exhaust pipe ports, completely avoiding the flames from impacting the adjacent battery cells; at the same time, the large-section air inlet at the front end provides supplementary air, reducing the oxygen concentration and temperature peak in the compartment, and overall delaying the spread of thermal runaway, thus gaining a critical window for fire fighting or automatic power outage; (4) The aerogel partition of the present invention forms a double-compartment structure on the inner wall of the shell, and the controller unit and its heat sink are independent of the battery cell heat source; the air duct is divided into three ways (side exhaust, bottom exhaust, and top exhaust) and converged to the same exhaust pipe port. This lowers the temperature of the space where the controller is located relative to the battery cell compartment, ensuring that the inverter and the charge and discharge module maintain full frequency operation under high load, and improving the availability of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the protective casing structure of the present invention.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the heat dissipation drive fan of the present invention.

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat sink of the controller unit of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting shell of the temperature-conducting battery cell of the present invention.

[0019] In the figure: 101-protective casing; 102-thermal conductive battery cell mounting shell; 103-water inlet; 104-drain outlet; 105-battery cell; 106-aerogel partition; 107-copper bar; 108-controller unit heat sink; 109-controller unit; 110-return channel; 111-drain channel; 112-sealing end panel; 113-driving impeller; 114-flow isolation ring plate; 115-thermal conductive copper shaft; 116-heat dissipation drive fan; 117-bottom guide port; 118-front air inlet; 119-top cover; 120-air guide hollow plate; 121-hollow plate opening; 122-first collector cover; 123-second collector cover; 124-exhaust pipe outlet; 125-operation data display window; 126-side exhaust port; 127-top pressure relief exhaust port; 128-coolant drive chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following is combined with Figure 1-6 , and further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention through specific implementation methods.

[0021] The present invention provides a lithium battery pack for use with a UPS power supply, including a protective housing 101. The front of the protective housing 101 is provided with a front air inlet 118. The front of the protective housing 101 is also provided with an operation data display window 125. The inner wall of the protective housing 101 is provided with an array of battery cells 105, and the battery cell array 105 is arranged in a rectangular shape. The positive and negative poles of each battery cell 105 are electrically connected by a copper bar 107, and the battery cell array 105 is arranged in a thermal conductive battery cell mounting shell 102. The interior of the thermal conductive battery cell mounting shell 102 is hollow, and the thermal conductive battery cell mounting shell 102 is integrally printed from a shape memory alloy and a polymer composite material. The inside of the housing is equipped with cooling fins that automatically deploy when triggered by temperature. A top pressure relief vent 127 and two symmetrical side vents 126 are located on the side of the protective housing 101 away from the front air inlet 118. The pressure relief valve for the battery cell 105 is located near the top pressure relief vent 127. An aerogel partition 106 is also fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the protective housing 101, dividing the interior of the protective housing 101 into two sections. One section connects to the pressure relief valves of the battery cell 105 array, which in turn connects to the exterior of the protective housing 101 through the top pressure relief vent 127 and the front air inlet 118. The thermally conductive battery cell mounting shell 102 is co-printed using a NiTi shape memory alloy skeleton and a carbon nanotube-reinforced polyetherketoneketone composite layer. The cooling fins automatically deploy 35°±5° at temperatures ≥50°C. The shape memory alloy changes phase and drives the fins to deploy, increasing the heat dissipation area by approximately 70%. A top cover 119 is fixedly and sealedly mounted on the protective housing 101. A hollow air guide plate 120 is fixedly mounted on the side of the protective housing 101 away from the top cover 119. A hollow plate opening 121 is provided on the hollow air guide plate 120. A bottom air guide port 117 is provided on the protective housing 101. The bottom air guide port 117 and the hollow plate opening 121 are aligned so that the protective housing 101 is connected to the interior of the hollow air guide plate 120 through the hollow plate opening 121 and the bottom air guide port 117. A controller unit heat sink 108 is fixedly mounted on the protective housing 101 at the front air inlet 118. The controller unit heat sink 108 is used to dissipate heat from the controller unit 109. The controller unit 109 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the protective housing 101. The thermally conductive cell housing 102 is shaped like a rectangular grid array, with cells 105 inserted into each grid. Thermally conductive silicone grease is applied between the outer surfaces of the cells 105 and the thermally conductive cell housing 102. A first collector hood 122 is fixedly mounted on the end of the protective housing 101 away from the front air inlet 118. This first collector hood 122 is used to cover two side exhaust ports 126. An exhaust pipe opening 124 is also fixedly connected to the first collector hood 122, ensuring communication between the exhaust pipe opening 124 and the two side exhaust ports 126 through the first collector hood 122.A coolant drive chamber 128 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the protective casing 101 at one end away from the front air inlet 118; a water inlet 103 and a drain outlet 104 are also provided on the temperature-conducting battery cell mounting shell 102, and a flow isolation ring plate 114 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the coolant drive chamber 128. The flow isolation ring plate 114 divides the interior of the coolant drive chamber 128 into two spaces, wherein the space close to the protective casing 101 is connected to the water inlet 103 through a discharge channel 111, and the space away from the protective casing 101 is connected to the drain outlet 104 through a return channel 110, and a driving impeller 113 is also rotatably installed in the space close to the protective casing 101. A sealing end panel 112 is fixedly and sealedly mounted on the coolant drive chamber 128. A thermally conductive copper shaft 115 is rotatably and sealably mounted on the axis of the sealing end panel 112. The thermally conductive copper shaft 115 is fixedly engaged with the driving impeller 113. A heat dissipation drive fan 116 is fixedly mounted on the thermally conductive copper shaft 115 outside the coolant drive chamber 128. The heat dissipation drive fan 116 is located inside the exhaust pipe opening 124. A second collector 123 is also fixedly mounted on the first collector hood 122. The second collector hood 123 is used to cover the top pressure relief exhaust port 127.

[0022] The working principle of a lithium battery pack for a UPS power supply disclosed in the present invention is as follows: during long-term operation, the temperature of the battery cell 105 will gradually increase. In order to ensure that the battery cell 105 is at an optimal operating temperature (each battery cell 105 is provided with an independent temperature sensor for monitoring the real-time temperature of the battery cell 105 and whether there is thermal runaway), when the operating temperature of the battery cell 105 exceeds the standard, the driving impeller 113 is started (the driving impeller 113 has a built-in rotor, and a coil winding is embedded in the shell of the coolant driving chamber 128, which together drive the driving impeller 113 to rotate through the coil winding; magnetic levitation rotor + three-phase brushless drive). The rotation of the driving impeller 113 will drive the coolant (high thermal conductivity fluorine ether-water nanosuspension, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.9W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹, specific heat 3.9kJ·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹) inside the coolant driving chamber 128 to rotate, and the rotating coolant will be subjected to centrifugal force. The cooling force flows along the radial direction of the coolant driving chamber 128, and is guided to the inside of the temperature-conducting battery cell mounting shell 102 through the discharge channel 111, and then the temperature-conducting battery cell mounting shell 102 is dissipated. The coolant that has absorbed the heat flows back to the inside of the coolant driving chamber 128 through the drain port 104 and the return channel 110. The rotating driving impeller 113 will re-absorb the coolant flowing back into the coolant driving chamber 128 into the driving impeller 113 through the flow isolation ring plate 114. In this process, the heat of the coolant will be transferred to the driving impeller 113, and the driving impeller 113 will transfer the heat to the heat dissipation driving fan 116 through the temperature-conducting copper shaft 115. The fan 116 rotates synchronously with the driving impeller 113, the temperature-conducting copper shaft 115, and the heat dissipation driving fan 116. Therefore, the rotating heat dissipation driving fan 116 will drive the external air to flow, and the flowing air will also drive the heat on the heat dissipation driving fan 116, achieving a two-pronged heat dissipation effect.

[0023] At the same time, the operation of the controller unit 109 will also generate heat, and the controller unit heat sink 108 absorbs the heat on the controller unit 109 (the controller unit 109 includes an inverter, a charging and discharging machine, and a charging and discharging control module). At the same time, the rotation of the heat dissipation drive fan 116 will drive the flow of air, and the air flow path is the front air inlet 118-controller unit heat sink 108 (taking away the heat on the controller unit heat sink 108)-both sides of the thermal conductive battery mounting shell 102 (the gap between the thermal conductive battery mounting shell 102 and the inner wall side of the protective shell 101)-two side exhaust ports 126, the first confluence cover 122, the exhaust pipe At the same time, the flow path of some air is the front air inlet 118, the controller unit heat sink 108, the bottom air guide port 117, the hollow plate opening 121, the air guide hollow plate 120, the first collector cover 122, the exhaust pipe port 124, and then discharged; at the same time, the flow path of some air is the front air inlet 118, the controller unit heat sink 108, the protective casing 101, the top pressure relief exhaust port 127, the second collector cover 123, the exhaust pipe port 124, and then discharged, which mainly serves to increase the cross-sectional area of ​​the air flow space, so that the air flow for dissipating the heat sink 108 of the controller unit is smoother.

[0024] When the battery cell 105 is in thermal runaway, the battery cell 105 may explode. At this time, the pressure relief valve on the battery cell 105 will prevent the explosion. The pressure relief valve will spray flames, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas will be discharged through the front air inlet 118, the top pressure relief exhaust port 127, and the exhaust pipe port 124 to prevent the protective casing 101 from bursting due to pressure sealing. At the same time, due to the release of the burning flame pressure, the time for other battery cells 105 to be heated to thermal runaway can be effectively delayed, which can buy more time for subsequent rescue work.

Claims

1. A lithium battery pack for UPS power supply, characterized by: The invention comprises a protective casing (101), a front air inlet (118) is provided on the front of the protective casing (101), an operation data display window (125) is also provided on the front of the protective casing (101), an array of battery cells (105) is provided on the inner wall of the protective casing (101), and the array of battery cells (105) is arranged in a rectangular shape; the positive and negative electrodes of each battery cell (105) are electrically connected through a copper bar (107), and the array of battery cells (105) is provided in a heat-conducting battery cell installation shell (102), and the heat-conducting battery cell installation shell (102) is provided. The interior of the housing (102) is hollow, and the heat-conducting battery cell housing (102) is integrally printed from a shape memory alloy and a polymer composite material, and the inner side of the housing is provided with heat dissipation fins that can automatically expand when the temperature is triggered; a top pressure relief exhaust port (127) and two symmetrically arranged side exhaust ports (126) are provided on a side of the protective housing (101) away from the front air inlet (118), wherein the pressure relief valve of the battery cell (105) is provided on a side close to the top pressure relief exhaust port (127); An aerogel partition (106) is also fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the protective casing (101), and the aerogel partition (106) is used to separate the interior of the protective casing (101) into two parts, one of which is connected to the pressure relief valve of the battery cell (105) array, and the other part is connected to the outside of the protective casing (101) through the top pressure relief exhaust port (127) and the front air inlet (118).

2. The lithium battery pack for UPS power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-conducting battery cell mounting shell (102) is formed by co-printing a NiTi shape memory alloy skeleton and a carbon nanotube-reinforced polyetherketoneketone composite layer, and the heat dissipation fins automatically expand 35°±5° when the temperature is ≥50°C.

3. The lithium battery pack for UPS power supply according to claim 2, characterized in that: A top cover (119) is fixedly and sealedly mounted on the protective housing (101); an air guide hollow plate (120) is fixedly mounted on a side of the protective housing (101) away from the top cover (119); a hollow plate opening (121) is provided on the air guide hollow plate (120); a bottom guide port (117) is provided on the protective housing (101); the bottom guide port (117) and the hollow plate opening (121) are aligned so that the protective housing (101) and the interior of the air guide hollow plate (120) are connected via the hollow plate opening (121) and the bottom guide port (117).

4. The lithium battery pack for UPS power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: A controller unit heat sink (108) is fixedly provided at the front air inlet (118) in the protective housing (101). The controller unit heat sink (108) is used to dissipate heat from the controller unit (109). The controller unit (109) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the protective housing (101).

5. The lithium battery pack for UPS power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thermal conductive battery cell mounting shell (102) is in the shape of a rectangular array grid, wherein the battery cell (105) is inserted into each grid, and thermal conductive silicone grease is applied between the outer surface of the battery cell (105) and the thermal conductive battery cell mounting shell (102).

6. The lithium battery pack for UPS power supply according to claim 5, characterized in that: A first air collector (122) is fixedly mounted on one end of the protective housing (101) away from the front air inlet (118). The first air collector (122) is used to cover the two side exhaust ports (126). An exhaust pipe opening (124) is also fixedly connected to the first air collector (122), so that the exhaust pipe opening (124) and the two side exhaust ports (126) are connected via the first air collector (122).

7. The lithium battery pack for UPS power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that: A coolant drive chamber (128) is fixedly mounted on the outer surface of the protective housing (101) at one end away from the front air inlet (118); a water inlet (103) and a drain outlet (104) are also provided on the temperature-conducting battery cell mounting housing (102); a flow dividing ring plate (114) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the coolant drive chamber (128); the flow dividing ring plate (114) divides the interior of the coolant drive chamber (128) into two spaces, wherein the space close to the protective housing (101) is connected to the water inlet (103) through a drainage channel (111), and the space away from the protective housing (101) is connected to the drain outlet (104) through a return channel (110), and a driving impeller (113) is rotatably mounted in the space close to the protective housing (101).

8. The lithium battery pack for UPS power supply according to claim 7, characterized in that: A sealing end panel (112) is fixedly and sealedly installed on the coolant drive chamber (128); a heat-conducting copper shaft (115) is provided at the axial position of the sealing end panel (112) for rotational sealing; the heat-conducting copper shaft (115) is fixedly matched with the driving impeller (113); a heat-dissipating driving fan (116) is fixedly installed at a position of the heat-conducting copper shaft (115) outside the coolant drive chamber (128); and the heat-dissipating driving fan (116) is provided inside the exhaust pipe port (124).

9. The lithium battery pack for UPS power supply according to claim 8, characterized in that: A second converging cover (123) is also fixedly mounted on the first converging cover (122), and the second converging cover (123) is used to cover the top pressure relief exhaust port (127).

Images