Energy storage system with multi-layer stacked structure

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy storage system with a multilayer stacked structure, and belongs to the technical field of battery energy storage, the energy storage system comprises at least two stacked battery modules, each battery module comprises a battery cell, a BMS controller, a sensor assembly, a contactor and two blind mating assemblies, and the BMS controller comprises an MOS control loop and a control chip; a positive bus and a negative bus are connected between the two blind plugging assemblies, and the adjacent battery modules are electrically connected through the blind plugging assemblies; the positive electrode of the battery cell is connected to the positive bus through the contactor, the negative electrode of the battery cell is connected to the negative bus through the MOS control loop, the output end of the sensor assembly is connected to the collection end of the control chip, and the output end of the control chip is connected to the MOS control loop and the control end of the contactor. The control chip drives the MOS control loop and the contactor to control and protect the battery cell according to a sensing signal acquired by the sensor assembly; according to the invention, the safety of the energy storage system is improved on the basis of realizing a multi-layer stacked structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery energy storage, and in particular to an energy storage system with a multi-layer stacking structure. Background Art

[0002] Existing household energy storage parallel systems almost always utilize stacked battery packs, secured with bolts, and then connected externally with wiring harnesses. Alternatively, insulating columns are used within the battery packs to parallel the battery modules into the main circuit. These external wiring harnesses consume a large number of wiring harnesses and high-voltage connectors, increasing costs. Furthermore, they significantly impact the system's waterproof and dustproof capabilities, reducing system safety.

[0003] In response to the above problems, a stacked battery system is described in the prior art, comprising: at least two battery modules, at least two battery modules are stacked; a blind plug assembly, comprising a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector, one of the two adjacent battery modules is installed with the first electrical connector, and the other is installed with the second electrical connector, and when the two adjacent battery modules are stacked, the first electrical connector contacts the second electrical connector to electrically connect the two adjacent battery modules. This stacked battery system is easy to assemble and does not require wiring operations, which can improve assembly efficiency and save labor costs. Although the above-mentioned stacked battery system solves the connection method problem of the energy storage parallel system, it does not solve the operational safety of the energy storage parallel system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide an energy storage system with a multi-layer stacked structure to solve the technical problem of how to improve the operational safety of the energy storage parallel system.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions: The present invention provides an energy storage system with a multi-layer stacked structure, comprising at least two stacked battery modules, each of which comprises a battery cell, a BMS controller, a sensor assembly, a contactor and two blind-plug assemblies, wherein the BMS controller comprises a MOS control circuit and a control chip; a positive busbar and a negative busbar are connected between the two blind-plug assemblies, and adjacent battery modules are electrically connected through the blind-plug assemblies; the positive electrode of the battery cell is connected to the positive busbar via the contactor, and the negative electrode of the battery cell is connected to the negative busbar via the MOS control circuit, the output end of the sensor assembly is connected to the acquisition end of the control chip, the output end of the control chip is connected to the MOS control circuit and the control end of the contactor, and the control chip drives the MOS control circuit and the contactor according to the sensor signal collected by the sensor assembly to control and protect the battery cell.

[0006] The above energy storage system collects the operating information of the battery cell through the sensor component, drives the MOS control circuit to perform negative electrode protection, and drives the contactor to perform positive electrode protection. Through the dual protection of positive and negative electrodes, the operation safety of the energy storage system is achieved.

[0007] Optionally, the two blind-plug components are respectively mounted on the top wall or bottom wall opposite to the adjacent battery modules. The two blind-plug components are respectively a floating blind-plug male connector and a blind-plug female connector.

[0008] By placing the blind-plug assembly on the top or bottom wall of the battery module, the blind-plug assembly on the bottom wall of the upper battery module can be connected to the blind-plug assembly on the top wall of the lower battery module during stacked assembly. This shortens the wiring harness length between adjacent battery modules, reduces wiring harness costs, and improves assembly efficiency. The blind-plug male and female connectors are designed to float, making manual connection easier during assembly, saving time and effort.

[0009] Optionally, the top walls or bottom walls opposite to the adjacent battery modules are further provided with a positioning structure, the positioning structure comprising a positioning boss and a positioning groove, and the positioning structure is used for positioning and plugging the adjacent battery modules.

[0010] The positioning structure can accurately and efficiently position and assemble adjacent battery modules during installation by workers, while ensuring the stability of the battery modules after stacking.

[0011] Optionally, the sensor assembly includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to collect the operating voltage, operating current and operating temperature of the battery cell, and to trigger overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, undercurrent, overtemperature, undertemperature and charge and discharge protection.

[0012] The above-mentioned sensor assembly can obtain the operating status of the battery cell in real time by monitoring the battery cell, and can immediately detect the abnormality of the battery cell, thereby triggering protection and ensuring the safety of the battery cell operation.

[0013] Optionally, a heating module is provided on one side of the battery cell, the power supply end on one side of the heating module is connected to the positive bus via a relay, the power supply end on the other side of the heating module is connected to the input end of the MOS control loop, and the control end of the relay is connected to the output end of the control chip.

[0014] The aforementioned heating module ensures the performance and safety of battery cells in low-temperature environments. At low temperatures, the activity of the positive and negative electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries decreases significantly, and the electrolyte viscosity increases, resulting in a decrease in lithium ion migration and battery activity. Furthermore, the internal resistance of the battery can increase several times in low-temperature environments, reducing charge and discharge efficiency. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the battery during low-temperature charging and discharging can easily induce thermal stress, leading to cracking in the electrode materials. The heating module effectively addresses these issues.

[0015] Optionally, a fuse is connected in series between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the positive busbar.

[0016] The above-mentioned fuses can protect batteries from risks such as thermal runaway and short circuit by quickly cutting off abnormal currents. At the same time, they work together with components such as relays and BMS to build a multi-layer safety protection system.

[0017] Optionally, a signal line is connected between the control chip and the two blind-plug components, and the signal line is used for information exchange between the battery modules. The signal line includes a CAN bus, an RS485 signal line, and an emergency stop signal line.

[0018] The above signal lines can ensure information exchange between battery modules, and can also communicate with other external devices to achieve comprehensive control of each battery module.

[0019] Optionally, the battery module further includes a display, which is connected to the control chip for information display.

[0020] The above display can display the operating status of the battery module in real time, making it easy to intuitively obtain the operating status of the battery module during work.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides an energy storage system with a multi-layer stacked structure. It collects the operating information of the battery cell through a sensor component, drives the MOS control circuit to perform negative electrode protection, and drives the contactor to perform positive electrode protection. Through the dual protection of positive and negative electrodes, the operation safety of the energy storage system is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an energy storage system with a multi-layer stack structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a circuit topology diagram of a battery module provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 1 is a topological diagram of overvoltage protection provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 3 is a topological diagram of undervoltage protection provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1:

[0025] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an energy storage system with a multi-layer stacked structure, comprising at least two stacked battery modules, each battery module comprising a battery cell, a BMS controller, a sensor assembly, a contactor and two blind-plug assemblies, the BMS controller comprising a MOS control circuit and a control chip; a positive busbar and a negative busbar are connected between the two blind-plug assemblies, and adjacent battery modules are electrically connected through the blind-plug assemblies; the positive electrode of the battery cell is connected to the positive busbar via the contactor, and the negative electrode of the battery cell is connected to the negative busbar via the MOS control circuit, the output end of the sensor assembly is connected to the acquisition end of the control chip, the output end of the control chip is connected to the control end of the MOS control circuit and the contactor, and the control chip drives the MOS control circuit and the contactor according to the sensor signal collected by the sensor assembly to control and protect the battery cell.

[0026] Specifically in this embodiment, the two blind-plug components are floating blind-plug male and blind-plug female connectors, which are respectively installed on the top and bottom walls of adjacent battery modules. When the battery modules are stacked and assembled, the blind-plug male connector on the bottom wall of the upper battery module and the blind-plug female connector on the top wall of the lower battery module can be connected to each other, shortening the wiring harness length between adjacent battery modules, reducing wiring harness costs and improving assembly efficiency. The blind-plug male and blind-plug female connectors are arranged in a floating manner, which facilitates manual connection during assembly, saving time and effort.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment, the top or bottom walls of adjacent battery modules are further provided with positioning structures. The positioning structures include positioning bosses and positioning grooves. Two positioning bosses are diagonally disposed on the top wall of the battery module, and two positioning grooves are diagonally disposed on the bottom wall of the battery module. When the battery modules are stacked and assembled, the positioning grooves on the bottom wall of the upper battery module and the positioning bosses on the top wall of the lower battery module can be positioned and plugged into each other. This positioning structure allows workers to accurately and efficiently position and assemble adjacent battery modules during installation, while ensuring the stability of the stacked battery modules.

[0028] Specifically in this embodiment, the sensor component includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to collect the operating voltage, operating current and operating temperature of the battery cell, and to trigger overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, undercurrent, overtemperature, undertemperature and charge and discharge protection.

[0029] Voltage sensors, such as Hall-effect voltage sensors; current sensors, such as shunts and Hall-effect current sensors; and temperature sensors, such as thermistors. These sensors collect the operating voltage, current, and temperature of the battery cells. By analyzing voltage parameters and identifying abnormal voltages, the system initiates overvoltage or undervoltage protection. By analyzing current parameters and identifying abnormal currents, the system initiates overcurrent or undercurrent protection. By analyzing battery status and identifying abnormal temperatures, the system initiates overtemperature or undertemperature protection.

[0030] MOS control loop such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the figure, in the charging state, when the battery cell is over-voltage after charging, the charge control terminal will change from high level to low level, thereby turning off the MOS tube Q1, cutting off the charging circuit, and entering the overvoltage protection. When the battery cell is discharged through the load and the battery cell voltage is lower than the set value, the discharge control terminal will change from high level to low level, turning off the discharge control MOS tube Q2, cutting off the discharge circuit, and entering the undervoltage protection.

[0031] Specifically in this embodiment, a heating module is provided on one side of the battery cell, and the power supply end on one side of the heating module is connected to the positive busbar via a relay, the power supply end on the other side of the heating module is connected to the input end of the MOS control loop, and the control end of the relay is connected to the output end of the control chip. The heating module adopts a heating film, and is pasted on the side of the battery module. When the temperature of the battery cell in the battery module is too low, the heating film is turned on by closing the relay to realize the heating function. At low temperatures, the activity of the positive and negative electrode materials of the lithium-ion battery is significantly reduced, and the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, resulting in a decrease in the migration rate of lithium ions and a decrease in battery activity. At the same time, the internal resistance of the battery can increase several times in a low temperature environment, resulting in a decrease in the charging and discharging efficiency. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the battery during low-temperature charging and discharging can easily induce thermal stress, causing the electrode material to crack. The above problems can be effectively solved by a heating module.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, a fuse is connected in series between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the positive busbar. This fuse quickly cuts off abnormal current, protecting the battery from risks such as thermal runaway and short circuits. It also collaborates with components such as relays and the BMS to create a multi-layered safety protection system.

[0033] Specifically in this embodiment, signal lines are connected between the control chip and the two blind-plug components, and the signal lines are used for information exchange between the battery modules. The signal lines include CAN bus, RS485 signal lines, and emergency stop signal lines.

[0034] The CAN bus / RS485 signal line transmits and aggregates the operating information of each battery module. When communicating with other external devices, all battery modules can be monitored simultaneously. The emergency stop signal line of each battery module is short-circuited and connected to an emergency stop button. The emergency stop signal is triggered by the emergency stop button to perform emergency stop control.

[0035] Specifically in this embodiment, the battery module further includes a display, which is connected to the control chip for displaying information. The display can display the operating status of the battery module in real time, making it easy to intuitively obtain the operating status of the battery module during operation.

[0036] The above-mentioned energy storage system collects the operating information of the battery cells through sensor components, and obtains the battery cell voltage, temperature, etc. When these parameters are abnormal, the BMS controller comprehensively controls the relays, contactors, and MOS control circuits to achieve multiple protections and improve the operating safety of the energy storage parallel system.

[0037] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0038] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer stacked energy storage system, characterized in that: It comprises at least two stacked battery modules, each of which comprises a battery cell, a BMS controller, a sensor assembly, a contactor and two blind-plug assemblies, the BMS controller comprising a MOS control circuit and a control chip; a positive busbar and a negative busbar are connected between the two blind-plug assemblies, and adjacent battery modules are electrically connected via the blind-plug assemblies; the positive electrode of the battery cell is connected to the positive busbar via the contactor, and the negative electrode of the battery cell is connected to the negative busbar via the MOS control circuit, the output end of the sensor assembly is connected to the acquisition end of the control chip, the output end of the control chip is connected to the MOS control circuit and the control end of the contactor, and the control chip drives the MOS control circuit and the contactor according to the sensing signal collected by the sensor assembly to control and protect the battery cell.

2. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two blind-plug components are respectively installed on the opposite top walls or bottom walls of adjacent battery modules.

3. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two blind-plug components are respectively a floating blind-plug male connector and a blind-plug female connector.

4. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top walls or bottom walls opposite to the adjacent battery modules are further provided with positioning structures, which include positioning bosses and positioning grooves. The positioning structures are used for positioning and plugging the adjacent battery modules.

5. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor assembly includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor and a temperature sensor, which are used to collect the operating voltage, operating current and operating temperature of the battery cell, and to trigger overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, undercurrent, overtemperature, undertemperature and charge and discharge protection.

6. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A heating module is provided on one side of the battery cell, and the power supply end on one side of the heating module is connected to the positive bus through a relay, and the power supply end on the other side of the heating module is connected to the input end of the MOS control loop, and the control end of the relay is connected to the output end of the control chip.

7. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fuse is also connected in series between the positive electrode of the battery cell and the positive busbar.

8. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A signal line is further connected between the control chip and the two blind-plug components, and the signal line is used for information exchange between the battery modules.

9. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The signal lines include a CAN bus, an RS485 signal line and an emergency stop signal line.

10. The energy storage system of the multi-layer stacked structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module further includes a display, which is connected to the control chip for information display.

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