Recycled aluminum-based composite material with three-dimensional nano interlocking structure and preparation method of recycled aluminum-based composite material

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional nano interlocking structure regenerated aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that S1, waste aluminum is sorted and crushed, and crushed aluminum materials with the particle size smaller than or equal to 5 mm are obtained; s2, plasma-assisted ball milling is carried out, and Al-Fe-Si nano composite powder is obtained; s3, mixing 3.5 wt.% of TiH2, 1.2-1.5 wt.% of B2O3 nanosheets, 0.05-0.07 wt.% of graphene, 0.25 wt.% of Sc / Y composite powder and the balance of regenerated aluminum powder, performing wet grinding, and performing cold isostatic pressing to form a porous preform; s4, placing the preform in a mold, preheating the preform to 600 DEG C in a microwave field, performing spark plasma sintering, and synchronously applying a pulsed magnetic field; s5, an Al-Si coating is deposited through atmospheric plasma spraying, and then mirror polishing is conducted through a numerical control grinding machine; and S6, after shot blasting treatment is carried out, one-pass rolling is carried out at the room temperature, aging treatment is carried out for 12 h at the temperature of 180 DEG C, and the aluminum alloy is obtained. According to the preparation method, a three-dimensional nano framework is constructed through in-situ reaction: TiH2 / B2O3 nanosheets react in the sintering process, and generated TiB2 nanowires and Al2O3 nanosheets form an interlocking structure, so that the mechanical property of the three-dimensional nano framework is greatly enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of recycled aluminum alloy materials, and in particular to a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the growing global demand for recycling aluminum resources, the secondary aluminum industry faces an urgent need to transform from low-end recycling to high-value utilization. Traditional secondary aluminum production processes have three major technical bottlenecks: First, impurity elements (Fe, Si, etc.) form harmful phases after multiple cycles, causing a sharp deterioration in material properties. Taking A380 secondary aluminum alloy as an example, the elongation drops below 3% when the Fe content exceeds 0.8%; second, existing sorting technologies have difficulty achieving efficient separation of micron-level impurities. Eddy current sorting efficiency for non-ferrous metals <0.5mm is less than 70%, and X-ray sorting speed is limited to less than 3 tons / hour; third, traditional smelting processes (>750℃) result in aluminum burnout rates as high as 8-12%, and are unable to eliminate brittle phases such as β-AlFeSi. In the existing technology, mechanical ball milling + hot pressing sintering is used to prepare recycled aluminum matrix composites, but the interface bonding between the reinforcement phase and the matrix is ​​poor (interface energy > 1.5 J / m 2 ); some have improved performance by adding Sc microalloying, but the harmful effects of Fe / Si impurity phases have not been resolved; and a low-temperature electromagnetic stirring process has been proposed, but the grain size is still >20μm. What is particularly striking is that the traditional process has stringent requirements for scrap aluminum raw materials (Fe≤0.3%), resulting in more than 90% of low-grade scrap aluminum having to be downgraded for use. In the context of the dual carbon strategy, there is an urgent need to develop a high-value recycled aluminum technology that is compatible with high impurity content, short process, and low energy consumption, and to break through the technical barriers in high-end application fields. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Technical problem to be solved: In response to the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, which constructs a three-dimensional nano-skeleton through in-situ reaction: TiH2 / B2O3 nanosheets react during the sintering process, and the generated TiB2 nanowires form an interlocking structure with Al2O3 nanosheets, greatly enhancing its mechanical properties.

[0004] Technical solution: A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used to remove particles ≥0.5mm; then, X-ray fluorescence online sorting is used to grade the Fe / Si content of the sorted aluminum, controlling Fe≤0.8% and Si≤0.5%. Finally, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 atmosphere, high-energy ball milling and radio frequency plasma are used to simultaneously process Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders; S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.2-1.5wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.05-0.07wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed, wet-milled in a planetary ball mill for 3-4h using ethanol as a medium, and formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing; S4: The preform is placed in a mold, preheated to 600°C in a microwave field, and subjected to spark plasma sintering while simultaneously applying a 5-10T pulsed magnetic field; S5: 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and then mirror polished by CNC grinding machine; S6: After shot peening, the steel is rolled once at room temperature and aged at 180°C for 12 hours. Furthermore, the multi-stage eddy current separation in S1 is specifically as follows: first stage: 1-3kHz low-frequency eddy current separation of non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; second stage: 10-15kHz high-frequency eddy current separation of 0.5-2mm fine impurity particles. Furthermore, the ball milling speed in S2 is 500 rpm; and the radio frequency plasma conditions are 10.56 MHz, 300 W. Furthermore, the wet grinding ball-to-material ratio in S3 is 10:1, and the cold isostatic pressing is 200 MPa. Furthermore, the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder in S3 is 3:(1-2). Furthermore, the preheating rate in S4 is 50° C. / s; and the pulse magnetic field frequency is 1 Hz. Furthermore, the spark plasma sintering conditions in S4 are: temperature 1350° C., pressure 80 MPa, pulse current 5000 A, pulse width 3 ms, interval 1 ms, and holding time 5 s. Furthermore, the spray deposition material in S5 is Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm; the spray deposition process is: power 40 kW, spraying distance 100 mm, and deposition rate 30 μm / min. Furthermore, the shot peening speed in S6 is 80 m / s. The three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material prepared by the above method. Beneficial effects: 1. The present invention achieves gradient separation of large particles (>2mm) and small particles (0.5-2mm) of impurities through the synergistic effect of low-frequency (1-3kHz) and high-frequency (10-15kHz) eddy currents and utilizes the differences in electrical conductivity and magnetic permeability of different metals, thereby improving sorting efficiency. 2. The present invention adopts plasma-mechanical force synergistic nano-sizing effect: the high-energy electrons generated by radio frequency plasma improve the ball milling efficiency through the synergistic effect of surface sputtering and hydrogen penetration. At the same time, the plasma thermal effect promotes the dissolution and re-precipitation of the Fe3Si phase to form a 50-100nm nano-dispersed phase. 3. The present invention constructs a three-dimensional nano-skeleton through in-situ reaction: TiH2 / B2O3 nanosheets react during the sintering process, and the generated TiB2 nanowires form an interlocking structure with Al2O3 nanosheets, greatly enhancing their mechanical properties. 4. The present invention uses a pulsed magnetic field to eliminate pores and form a densified surface structure. 5. In the present invention, Sc segregates at the Al / TiB2 interface, reducing the interfacial energy, and the Y element stabilizes the nano-precipitated phase spacing at 50-80 nm by inhibiting the coarsening of the Al3Sc phase. 6. The dislocation density introduced by shot peening in the present invention works together with the shear band generated by rolling (20% deformation) to form a surface fine-grained layer through dynamic recrystallization, thereby improving fatigue strength. 7. When aged at 180°C, the Al3Sc phase nucleation rate and growth rate reach a balance, so that the strength-plasticity is kept optimally matched. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention provides a three-dimensional nanostructured recycled aluminum-based composite material and a method for preparing the same. To further clarify the objectives, technical solutions, and benefits of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1 A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used. The first stage: 2kHz low-frequency eddy current separates non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; the second stage: 15kHz high-frequency eddy current separates fine impurity particles 0.5-2mm; then, X-ray fluorescence is used online to sort the aluminum materials for Fe / Si content, controlling the Fe content to 0.75% and the Si content to 0.45%. Then, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 (4:1) atmosphere, ball milling was performed at 500 rpm for 4 h and radio frequency plasma treatment was performed simultaneously. The radio frequency plasma conditions were 10.56 MHz and 300 W to obtain Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders. S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.4wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.06wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder, and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed and wet-milled in a planetary ball mill with ethanol as the medium at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for 4 h. The mixture was then formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa; the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder was 3:1.5; S4: The preform is placed in a mold and preheated to 600°C in a microwave field at a heating rate of 50°C / s. Spark plasma sintering is performed at a temperature of 1350°C, a pressure of 80 MPa, a pulse current of 5000A, a pulse width of 3ms, an interval of 1ms, and a holding time of 5s. A 10T pulsed magnetic field is simultaneously applied at a pulsed magnetic field frequency of 1Hz. S5: A 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited using atmospheric plasma spraying. The spray deposition material was Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm. The spray deposition process was: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, deposition rate 30 μm / min, and then mirror polished using a CNC grinder. S6: Shot peening is performed at a speed of 80 m / s, and rolling is performed in one pass at room temperature with a rolling deformation of 20%, and aging treatment is performed at 180°C for 12 h. Example 2 A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used. The first stage: 2kHz low-frequency eddy current separates non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; the second stage: 15kHz high-frequency eddy current separates fine impurity particles 0.5-2mm; then, X-ray fluorescence is used online to sort the aluminum materials for Fe / Si content, controlling the Fe content to 0.75% and the Si content to 0.45%. Then, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 (4:1) atmosphere, ball milling was performed at 500 rpm for 4 h and radio frequency plasma treatment was performed simultaneously. The radio frequency plasma conditions were 10.56 MHz and 300 W to obtain Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders. S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.4wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.06wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed and wet-milled in a planetary ball mill with ethanol as the medium at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for 4 h. The mixture was then formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa; the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder was 3:1; S4: The preform is placed in a mold and preheated to 600°C in a microwave field at a heating rate of 50°C / s. Spark plasma sintering is performed at a temperature of 1350°C, a pressure of 80 MPa, a pulse current of 5000A, a pulse width of 3ms, an interval of 1ms, and a holding time of 5s. A 10T pulsed magnetic field is simultaneously applied at a pulsed magnetic field frequency of 1Hz. S5: A 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited using atmospheric plasma spraying. The spray deposition material was Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm. The spray deposition process was: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, deposition rate 30 μm / min, and then mirror polished using a CNC grinder. S6: Shot peening is performed at a speed of 80 m / s, and rolling is performed in one pass at room temperature with a rolling deformation of 20%, and aging treatment is performed at 180°C for 12 h. Example 3 A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used. The first stage: 2kHz low-frequency eddy current separates non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; the second stage: 15kHz high-frequency eddy current separates fine impurity particles 0.5-2mm; then, X-ray fluorescence is used online to sort the aluminum materials for Fe / Si content, controlling the Fe content to 0.75% and the Si content to 0.45%. Then, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 (4:1) atmosphere, ball milling was performed at 500 rpm for 4 h and radio frequency plasma treatment was performed simultaneously. The radio frequency plasma conditions were 10.56 MHz and 300 W to obtain Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders. S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.4wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.06wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder, and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed and wet-milled in a planetary ball mill with ethanol as the medium at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for 4 h. The mixture was then formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa; the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder was 3:2; S4: The preform is placed in a mold and preheated to 600°C in a microwave field at a heating rate of 50°C / s. Spark plasma sintering is performed at a temperature of 1350°C, a pressure of 80 MPa, a pulse current of 5000A, a pulse width of 3ms, an interval of 1ms, and a holding time of 5s. A 10T pulsed magnetic field is simultaneously applied at a pulsed magnetic field frequency of 1Hz. S5: A 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited using atmospheric plasma spraying. The spray deposition material was Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm. The spray deposition process was: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, deposition rate 30 μm / min, and then mirror polished using a CNC grinder. S6: Shot peening is performed at a speed of 80 m / s, and rolling is performed in one pass at room temperature with a rolling deformation of 20%, and aging treatment is performed at 180°C for 12 h. Example 4 A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used. The first stage: 2kHz low-frequency eddy current separates non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; the second stage: 15kHz high-frequency eddy current separates fine impurity particles 0.5-2mm; then, X-ray fluorescence is used online to sort the aluminum materials for Fe / Si content, controlling the Fe content to 0.75% and the Si content to 0.45%. Then, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 (4:1) atmosphere, ball milling was performed at 500 rpm for 4 h and radio frequency plasma treatment was performed simultaneously. The radio frequency plasma conditions were 10.56 MHz and 300 W to obtain Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders. S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.2wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.06wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder, and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed and wet-milled in a planetary ball mill with ethanol as the medium at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for 4 h. The mixture was then formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa; the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder was 3:1.5; S4: The preform is placed in a mold and preheated to 600°C in a microwave field at a heating rate of 50°C / s. Spark plasma sintering is performed at a temperature of 1350°C, a pressure of 80 MPa, a pulse current of 5000A, a pulse width of 3ms, an interval of 1ms, and a holding time of 5s. A 10T pulsed magnetic field is simultaneously applied at a pulsed magnetic field frequency of 1Hz. S5: A 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited using atmospheric plasma spraying. The spray deposition material was Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm. The spray deposition process was: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, deposition rate 30 μm / min, and then mirror polished using a CNC grinder. S6: Shot peening is performed at a speed of 80 m / s, and rolling is performed in one pass at room temperature with a rolling deformation of 20%, and aging treatment is performed at 180°C for 12 h. Example 5 A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used. The first stage: 2kHz low-frequency eddy current separates non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; the second stage: 15kHz high-frequency eddy current separates fine impurity particles 0.5-2mm; then, X-ray fluorescence is used online to sort the aluminum materials for Fe / Si content, controlling the Fe content to 0.75% and the Si content to 0.45%. Then, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 (4:1) atmosphere, ball milling was performed at 500 rpm for 4 h and radio frequency plasma treatment was performed simultaneously. The radio frequency plasma conditions were 10.56 MHz and 300 W to obtain Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders. S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.5wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.06wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder, and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed and wet-milled in a planetary ball mill with ethanol as the medium at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for 4 h. The mixture was then formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa; the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder was 3:1.5; S4: The preform is placed in a mold and preheated to 600°C in a microwave field at a heating rate of 50°C / s. Spark plasma sintering is performed at a temperature of 1350°C, a pressure of 80 MPa, a pulse current of 5000A, a pulse width of 3ms, an interval of 1ms, and a holding time of 5s. A 10T pulsed magnetic field is simultaneously applied at a pulsed magnetic field frequency of 1Hz. S5: A 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited using atmospheric plasma spraying. The spray deposition material was Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm. The spray deposition process was: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, deposition rate 30 μm / min, and then mirror polished using a CNC grinder. S6: Shot peening is performed at a speed of 80 m / s, and rolling is performed in one pass at room temperature with a rolling deformation of 20%, and aging treatment is performed at 180°C for 12 h. Example 6 A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used. The first stage: 2kHz low-frequency eddy current separates non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; the second stage: 15kHz high-frequency eddy current separates fine impurity particles 0.5-2mm; then, X-ray fluorescence is used online to sort the aluminum materials for Fe / Si content, controlling the Fe content to 0.75% and the Si content to 0.45%. Then, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 (4:1) atmosphere, ball milling was performed at 500 rpm for 4 h and radio frequency plasma treatment was performed simultaneously. The radio frequency plasma conditions were 10.56 MHz and 300 W to obtain Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders. S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.4wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.05wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder, and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed and wet-milled in a planetary ball mill with ethanol as the medium at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for 4 h. The mixture was then formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa; the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder was 3:1.5; S4: The preform is placed in a mold and preheated to 600°C in a microwave field at a heating rate of 50°C / s. Spark plasma sintering is performed at a temperature of 1350°C, a pressure of 80 MPa, a pulse current of 5000A, a pulse width of 3ms, an interval of 1ms, and a holding time of 5s. A 10T pulsed magnetic field is simultaneously applied at a pulsed magnetic field frequency of 1Hz. S5: A 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited using atmospheric plasma spraying. The spray deposition material was Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm. The spray deposition process was: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, deposition rate 30 μm / min, and then mirror polished using a CNC grinder. S6: Shot peening is performed at a speed of 80 m / s, and rolling is performed in one pass at room temperature with a rolling deformation of 20%, and aging treatment is performed at 180°C for 12 h. Example 7 A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used. The first stage: 2kHz low-frequency eddy current separates non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; the second stage: 15kHz high-frequency eddy current separates fine impurity particles 0.5-2mm; then, X-ray fluorescence is used online to sort the aluminum materials for Fe / Si content, controlling the Fe content to 0.75% and the Si content to 0.45%. Then, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 (4:1) atmosphere, ball milling was performed at 500 rpm for 4 h and radio frequency plasma treatment was performed simultaneously. The radio frequency plasma conditions were 10.56 MHz and 300 W to obtain Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders. S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.4wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.07wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder, and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed and wet-milled in a planetary ball mill with ethanol as the medium at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for 4 h. The mixture was then formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa; the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder was 3:1.5; S4: The preform is placed in a mold and preheated to 600°C in a microwave field at a heating rate of 50°C / s. Spark plasma sintering is performed at a temperature of 1350°C, a pressure of 80 MPa, a pulse current of 5000A, a pulse width of 3ms, an interval of 1ms, and a holding time of 5s. A 10T pulsed magnetic field is simultaneously applied at a pulsed magnetic field frequency of 1Hz. S5: A 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited using atmospheric plasma spraying. The spray deposition material was Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm. The spray deposition process was: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, deposition rate 30 μm / min, and then mirror polished using a CNC grinder. S6: Shot peening is performed at a speed of 80 m / s, and rolling is performed in one pass at room temperature with a rolling deformation of 20%, and aging treatment is performed at 180°C for 12 h. Example 8 A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used. The first stage: 2kHz low-frequency eddy current separates non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; the second stage: 15kHz high-frequency eddy current separates fine impurity particles 0.5-2mm; then, X-ray fluorescence is used online to sort the aluminum materials for Fe / Si content, controlling the Fe content to 0.75% and the Si content to 0.45%. Then, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 (4:1) atmosphere, ball milling was performed at 500 rpm for 4 h and radio frequency plasma treatment was performed simultaneously. The radio frequency plasma conditions were 10.56 MHz and 300 W to obtain Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders. S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.4wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.06wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder, and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed and wet-milled in a planetary ball mill with ethanol as the medium at a ball-to-material ratio of 10:1 for 4 h. The mixture was then formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing at 200 MPa; the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder was 3:1.5; S4: The preform is placed in a mold and preheated to 600°C in a microwave field at a heating rate of 50°C / s. Spark plasma sintering is performed at a temperature of 1350°C, a pressure of 80 MPa, a pulse current of 5000A, a pulse width of 3ms, an interval of 1ms, and a holding time of 5s. A 5T pulsed magnetic field is simultaneously applied at a pulsed magnetic field frequency of 1Hz. S5: A 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited using atmospheric plasma spraying. The spray deposition material was Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm. The spray deposition process was: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, deposition rate 30 μm / min, and then mirror polished using a CNC grinder. S6: Shot peening is performed at a speed of 80 m / s, and rolling is performed in one pass at room temperature with a rolling deformation of 20%, and aging treatment is performed at 180°C for 12 h. Comparative Example 1 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that there is no plasma-assisted ball milling, and only ordinary ball milling for 6 hours. Comparative Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that no TiH2 / B2O3 nanosheets are added. Comparative Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that only a pulsed magnetic field is used and plasma assistance is eliminated. Comparative Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder is 5:1. Tensile strength: ASTM E8 standard, universal testing machine, strain rate 1×10- 3 / s; Elongation: measured with an extensometer of 50 mm gauge length; Hardness: Vickers hardness tester (HV1, load 1kgf, holding pressure 15s); Thermal conductivity: laser flash method (Netzsch LFA467); Salt spray test: ASTM B117, 5% NaCl solution, 35°C; The results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1

Claims

1. A method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Scrap aluminum sorting and crushing: Multi-stage eddy current sorting is used to remove particles ≥0.5mm; then, X-ray fluorescence online sorting is used to grade the Fe / Si content of the sorted aluminum, controlling Fe≤0.8% and Si≤0.5%. Finally, aluminum scrap with a particle size of ≤5mm is obtained through liquid nitrogen cryogenic crushing; S2: Plasma-assisted ball milling: In an Ar / H2 atmosphere, high-energy ball milling and radio frequency plasma are used to simultaneously process Al-Fe-Si nanocomposite powders; S3: 3.5wt.% TiH2, 1.2-1.5wt.% B2O3 nanosheets, 0.05-0.07wt.% graphene, 0.25wt.% Sc / Y composite powder and the remainder recycled aluminum powder were mixed, wet-milled in a planetary ball mill for 3-4h using ethanol as a medium, and formed into a porous preform by cold isostatic pressing; S4: The preform is placed in a mold, preheated to 600°C in a microwave field, and subjected to spark plasma sintering while simultaneously applying a 5-10T pulsed magnetic field; S5: 10 μm thick Al-Si coating was deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and then mirror polished by CNC grinding machine; S6: After shot peening, the steel is rolled once at room temperature and aged at 180°C for 12 hours.

2. The method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage eddy current separation in S1 is specifically as follows: first stage: 1-3kHz low-frequency eddy current separation of non-ferrous metal particles larger than 2mm; second stage: 10-15kHz high-frequency eddy current separation of fine impurity particles of 0.5-2mm.

3. The method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ball milling speed in S2 is 500 rpm; the radio frequency plasma conditions are 10.56 MHz, 300 W.

4. The method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wet grinding ball-to-material ratio in S3 is 10:1, and the cold isostatic pressing is 200 MPa.

5. The method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Sc to Y in the Sc / Y composite powder in S3 is 3:(1-2).

6. The method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preheating rate in S4 is 50° C. / s; and the pulse magnetic field frequency is 1 Hz.

7. The method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spark plasma sintering conditions in S4 are: temperature 1350° C., pressure 80 MPa, pulse current 5000 A, pulse width 3 ms, interval 1 ms, and holding time 5 s.

8. The method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray deposition material in S5 is Al-12Si powder with a particle size of 15-45 μm; the spray deposition process is: power 40 kW, spray distance 100 mm, and deposition rate 30 μm / min.

9. The method for preparing a three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shot peening speed in S6 is 80 m / s.

10. A three-dimensional nano-interlocking structure recycled aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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