Device and method for testing cooperative impact resistance of roadway supporting structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for testing cooperative impact resistance of a roadway support structure. The device comprises a rack, a test shell, a bag, an extrusion plate, a hydraulic pump station, a simulation filler, a roadway simulation support structure, an ultrasonic vibration assembly, a nozzle and a spray pump. According to the device and method for testing the cooperative impact resistance of the roadway supporting structure, the integration, modularization and automation degrees are high, on one hand, the requirements of analog simulation operation of a roadway supporting system under various complex geological conditions can be effectively met, and the device universality and the comprehensive utilization rate are high; and on the other hand, during operation, accurate analog simulation can be efficiently realized on the efficiency of the roadway support system, design defects and the damage change state of the roadway support system under the action of ground stress at low cost, so that early-stage experimental data is provided for on-site actual support experiments in the roadway, the working efficiency and precision of on-site experimental operation are improved, and the working efficiency and the working efficiency of the on-site experimental operation are improved. The experiment cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular to a device and method for testing the coordinated impact resistance performance of a tunnel support structure. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the design and research of tunnel support systems primarily involves studying the structural properties of the rock formations in the tunnel area in the laboratory. Based on these findings, a small-scale system is then constructed within the tunnel. Long-term monitoring is then used to ultimately determine the support system's performance and finalize its structure. While this approach can meet the needs of actual tunnel support operations, it suffers from low efficiency, high cost, and difficulty in studying support system performance, and relatively limited flexibility in conducting research. To address this issue, there is currently no effective equipment or supporting methods for conducting laboratory-based tunnel support system research.

[0003] Therefore, in response to this problem, there is an urgent need to develop a testing device and monitoring method for the coordinated impact resistance performance of tunnel support structures to meet the needs of actual work. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device and method for testing the coordinated impact resistance performance of a tunnel support structure.

[0006] The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance performance testing device of the embodiment of the present invention includes a frame, a test shell, a bladder, an extrusion plate, a hydraulic pump station, a simulated filler, a tunnel simulation support structure, an ultrasonic vibration component, a nozzle and a spray pump. The test shell is arranged on the frame and has a drain port at the bottom of the test shell.

[0007] The bladder bag and the extrusion plate are both arranged in the test shell, the bladder bag is arranged on the inner wall of the test shell, and the extrusion plate is arranged on the side of the bladder bag away from the inner wall of the test shell. There are multiple bladder bags and extrusion plates, and they correspond one to one. The multiple extrusion plates define an extrusion space. The hydraulic pump station is connected to the bladder bag and is used to provide pressurized liquid into the bladder bag to expand the bladder bag and squeeze the extrusion plate.

[0008] The simulated filler is used to simulate the tunnel geology and is filled in the extrusion space; the tunnel simulation support structure is arranged in the simulated filler; the ultrasonic vibration component is arranged on the surface of the extrusion plate away from the bag, and is used to vibrate the simulated filler; the nozzle is arranged in the test shell and connected to the spray pump, and is used to spray water to the simulated filler.

[0009] In some embodiments, the volume of the tunnel simulation support structure is less than or equal to 30% of the simulated filler, the spacing between the tunnel simulation support structure and the extrusion plate is greater than 20% of the width of the extrusion space, and at least 70% of the tunnel simulation support structure is located below the center of the extrusion space.

[0010] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor is provided between the pouch and the inner wall of the test shell, and a temperature and humidity sensor is provided inside the test shell.

[0011] In some embodiments, the test shell includes a cover plate and a bottom shell, and the cover plate is detachably mounted on the bottom shell.

[0012] In some embodiments, the test shell is generally a rectangular shell, and at least two spaced-apart extrusion plates are provided on each inner wall of the test shell. Two adjacent extrusion plates are connected by an elastic band, and a through hole is provided on the extrusion plate that passes through the extrusion plate along its thickness direction, and the inner diameter of the through hole gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

[0013] In some embodiments, the tunnel simulation support structure includes an upper shell and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected to the upper shell and defines a support space, the distance from the bottom plate to the edge of the upper shell is greater than 5 mm, the upper shell and the bottom plate both include a polymer surface layer, a first metal mesh, and a gelling material matrix stacked in sequence from the inside to the outside, a second metal mesh is provided in the gelling material matrix, and the upper shell and the bottom plate are both provided with a plurality of spaced reinforcement ribs, one end of the reinforcement rib extends into the support space and the other end is placed outside the support space.

[0014] In some embodiments, the tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device of an embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it also includes a plurality of auxiliary reinforcement plates, which are arranged in the support space and connected to the reinforcement ribs, and the auxiliary reinforcement plates are stopped on the inner wall of the upper shell.

[0015] In some embodiments, a monitoring component is provided on the frame, and the monitoring component includes a track, a slider, a drive component and an ultrasonic flaw detector. The track is arranged around the test shell, the slider is slidably provided on the track, the drive component is used to drive the slider to slide, and the ultrasonic flaw detector is provided on the slider for monitoring the simulated filling and the tunnel simulation support structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, the simulated filler includes at least one of coal gangue, sand, gravel, and concrete.

[0017] The method for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to any of the above-mentioned devices for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure, and is characterized by comprising:

[0018] S1, data acquisition, first collect geological structure data of the area to be studied, then use simulated filling material to simulate the collected geological structure, and proportionally reduce and prepare the tunnel simulation support structure according to the tunnel structure to be tested and the support design plan. The prepared tunnel simulation support structure is embedded in the simulated filling material and positioned, and finally the test shell is sealed;

[0019] S2, test operation, after completing step S1, spray water on the simulated filler through the nozzle to adjust the water content of the simulated filler, and then drive the hydraulic pump station to operate, and the hydraulic pump station drives the hydraulic bag to increase pressure and expand. During the expansion process, the bag drives the extrusion plate to increase the pressure on the simulated filler, thereby simulating the mechanical changes caused by the deformation of the geological structure. At the same time, the ultrasonic oscillation mechanism applies an alternating vibration force to the simulated filler to simulate the influence of mechanical vibration on the deformation of the geological structure. Finally, the simulated filler indirectly applies the pressure and mechanical vibration force applied by the pressure plate to the tunnel simulation support structure and maintains the pressure. During the pressure maintenance process, the deformation, cracks and crack development state of the simulated filler and the tunnel simulation support structure under the action of external force are observed and tested;

[0020] S3, data conversion. After completing the S2 detection operation, the data obtained from the detection will be magnified in the same proportion as the reduction ratio in step S1 to obtain the impact resistance parameters of the tunnel support system under actual geological conditions, providing data support for subsequent actual site detection.

[0021] The present invention provides a device and method for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure. The invention has a high degree of integration, modularization and automation. On the one hand, it can effectively meet the needs of tunnel support system simulation operations under various complex geological conditions, and the equipment has high versatility and comprehensive utilization rate. On the other hand, during operation, it can achieve low-cost and high-efficiency accurate simulation of the tunnel support system's effectiveness, design defects, and damage changes under ground stress, thereby providing preliminary experimental data for actual on-site support experiments in the tunnel, improving the work efficiency and accuracy of on-site experimental operations, and reducing experimental costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a front view of a device for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a top view of a device for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a test shell according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a tunnel simulation support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of a tunnel simulation support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a flow chart of a method for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] 100. Test device for the coordinated impact resistance of tunnel support structure; 1. Frame; 2. Test shell; 201. Drain outlet; 202. Cover plate; 203. Bottom shell; 3. Bladder; 4. Extrusion plate; 401. Through hole; 5. Hydraulic pump station; 6. Simulated filler; 7. Tunnel simulation support structure; 701. Upper shell; 702. Bottom plate; 703. Polymer surface layer; 704. First metal mesh; 705. Cementitious material matrix; 706. Second metal mesh; 707. Reinforcement rib; 8. Ultrasonic vibration component; 9. Nozzle; 10. Spray pump; 11. Pressure sensor; 12. Temperature and humidity sensor; 13. Elastic belt; 14. Support space; 15. Auxiliary reinforcement plate; 16. Monitoring component; 1601. Track; 1602. Slider; 1603. Drive component; 1604. Ultrasonic flaw detector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a device 100 for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a frame 1, a test shell 2, a bladder 3, an extrusion plate 4, a hydraulic pump station 5, simulated filler 6, a tunnel simulation support structure 7, an ultrasonic vibration assembly 8, a nozzle 9, and a spray pump 10. The test shell 2 is mounted on the frame 1 and has a drain port 201 at its bottom.

[0031] Both the bladder bag 3 and the extrusion plate 4 are disposed within the test shell 2. The bladder bag 3 is disposed on the inner wall of the test shell 2, and the extrusion plate 4 is disposed on the side of the bladder bag 3 facing away from the inner wall of the test shell 2. There are multiple bladder bags 3 and extrusion plates 4, each corresponding to the other. The multiple extrusion plates 4 define an extrusion space. A hydraulic pump station 5 is in communication with the bladder bag 3 and is used to provide pressurized liquid into the bladder bag 3, thereby expanding the bladder bag 3 and squeezing the extrusion plates 4.

[0032] Simulated filler 6 is used to simulate tunnel geology and is filled within the extrusion space. Simulated tunnel support structure 7 is located within simulated filler 6. Ultrasonic vibration assembly 8 is located on the surface of extrusion plate 4 facing away from bladder 3 and is used to vibrate simulated filler 6. Nozzle 9 is located within test shell 2 and connected to spray pump 10 to spray water onto simulated filler 6.

[0033] When the tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance performance testing device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is in use, the geological conditions around the tunnel are simulated by filling the test shell 2 with a simulated filler 6. The physical and mechanical properties of the simulated filler 6 should be as close as possible to the properties of the real tunnel rock formation. A tunnel simulation support structure 7 is installed in the simulated filler 6. The structure can be an anchor rod, a bracket, a steel arch, etc. to simulate the support system in the actual tunnel. The impact load is applied by the bag 3 and the extrusion plate 4 system. The hydraulic pump station 5 provides pressurized liquid to the bag 3, causing the bag 3 to expand and squeeze the extrusion plate 4, thereby generating an impact force on the simulated support structure. The ultrasonic vibration component 8 is used to vibrate the simulated filler 6 to simulate the dynamic loading caused by underground rock movement or blasting operations.

[0034] The tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance performance testing device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention can quickly evaluate the performance of different support structures without the need for time-consuming and dangerous actual testing in a real tunnel environment. Laboratory testing is more economical than field testing because it avoids complex on-site operations and possible high costs. The testing device allows researchers to change test parameters, such as impact force, dynamic loading frequency, etc., so that tests can be conducted for different geological conditions and tunnel conditions. Testing in a controlled laboratory environment can avoid the safety risks that may be caused by field testing. Due to the controllability of the test conditions, more accurate and repeatable test results can be obtained, which helps to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the tunnel support system.

[0035] In some embodiments, the volume of the tunnel simulation support structure 7 is less than or equal to 30% of the simulated filler 6, the spacing between the tunnel simulation support structure 7 and the extrusion plate 4 is greater than 20% of the width of the extrusion space, and at least 70% of the tunnel simulation support structure 7 is located below the center of the extrusion space.

[0036] The volume of the simulated tunnel support structure 7 is less than or equal to 30% of the simulated fill 6. This ratio means that the simulated support structure does not occupy a large portion of the test space, allowing more space for the simulated fill 6 and more realistically simulating the actual rock formations surrounding the tunnel. This allows for a more accurate assessment of the support structure's performance under impact, ensuring that the test results reflect the support structure's performance in actual tunnels.

[0037] The spacing between the tunnel simulation support structure 7 and the extrusion plate 4 is greater than 20% of the extrusion space width. This condition ensures that when the impact load is applied, the simulated support structure will not be directly affected by the extrusion plate 4, allowing its performance to be evaluated more independently. This design can avoid local overloading caused by the close contact between the extrusion plate 4 and the support structure, ensuring a more uniform stress distribution and more reliable results during the test.

[0038] At least 70% of the simulated tunnel support structure 7 lies below the center of the extrusion space. This condition is likely intended to simulate the vertical stresses on the support structure within the tunnel. In actual tunnels, support structures often need to withstand pressure from the overlying rock formation, so simulating this pressure distribution during testing is essential. This ensures that the stresses on the simulated support structure during testing are closer to reality, enabling the test results to better guide actual tunnel support design.

[0039] In some embodiments, a pressure sensor 11 is provided between the pouch 3 and the inner wall of the test shell 2 , and a temperature and humidity sensor 12 is provided inside the test shell 2 .

[0040] The pressure sensor 11 measures the pressure exerted by the bladder 3 on the extrusion plate 4, ensuring that the applied impact load can be precisely controlled and measured, facilitating the evaluation of the support structure's response to varying pressure levels. The temperature and humidity sensor 12 monitors temperature and humidity changes within the test shell 2, simulating the environmental conditions within the tunnel. This provides performance data for the support structure under specific temperature and humidity conditions, helping to assess the impact of environmental factors on its performance.

[0041] In some embodiments, the test housing 2 includes a cover plate 202 and a bottom housing 203 , and the cover plate 202 is detachably mounted on the bottom housing 203 .

[0042] The removable cover 202 and bottom shell 203 allow testers to easily open and close the test shell 2 for maintenance, replacement, or adjustment of internal components. This improves the maintainability and flexibility of the test apparatus, facilitates routine inspection and maintenance, and reduces downtime. The removable cover 202 simplifies the installation and replacement of the simulated support structure, as well as the filling and cleaning of the simulated filler 6. This speeds up test preparation, allowing researchers to start new tests more quickly and improving research efficiency.

[0043] In some embodiments, the test housing 2 is generally rectangular, with at least two spaced-apart extrusion plates 4 provided on each inner wall of the test housing 2. Adjacent extrusion plates 4 are connected by elastic bands 13. Each extrusion plate 4 has a through hole 401 extending through its thickness, with the inner diameter of the through hole 401 gradually decreasing and then increasing.

[0044] The test shell 2 is rectangular in design, making it easy to manufacture and providing stable support and uniform pressure distribution during testing. The rectangular shell can better simulate the geometry of the actual roadway, improving the accuracy of the test.

[0045] Each inner wall is equipped with at least two spaced-apart extrusion plates 4. Adjacent extrusion plates 4 are connected by elastic bands 13, allowing the plates 4 to move relative to each other while maintaining a certain distance when pressure is applied. The elastic bands 13 provide additional flexibility, allowing the plates 4 to deform locally as needed, more realistically simulating the nonlinear response of the tunnel strata.

[0046] The extrusion plate 4 is provided with a through hole 401 that passes through it along its thickness direction. The inner diameter of the through hole 401 gradually decreases and then gradually increases. The shape of the through hole 401 may affect the flow characteristics of the fluid (such as particles or liquid media simulating the filler 6), which is helpful for studying fluid-structure interaction.

[0047] In some embodiments, the tunnel simulation support structure 7 includes an upper shell 701 and a bottom plate 702. The bottom plate 702 is connected to the upper shell 701 and defines a support space 14. The distance between the bottom plate 702 and the edge of the upper shell 701 is greater than 5 mm. The upper shell 701 and the bottom plate 702 each include a polymer surface layer 703, a first metal mesh 704, and a cementitious material matrix 705, which are stacked from the inside out. The cementitious material matrix 705 is provided with a second metal mesh 706. The upper shell 701 and the bottom plate 702 are each provided with a plurality of spaced reinforcement ribs 707. One end of the reinforcement rib 707 extends into the support space 14, and the other end is located outside the support space 14.

[0048] Both the upper shell 701 and the bottom plate 702 are stacked from the inside out with a polymer surface layer 703, a first metal mesh 704, and a cementitious material matrix 705, and a second metal mesh 706 is also provided within the cementitious material matrix 705. This multi-layered structure provides better mechanical properties, such as higher bending strength, compressive strength, and impact resistance. The polymer surface layer 703 provides a certain degree of flexibility, the metal mesh increases the strength of the overall structure, and the cementitious material matrix 705 provides overall bonding and support. The upper shell 701 and the bottom plate 702 are provided with a plurality of spaced reinforcing ribs 707, one end of each of which extends into the support space 14 and the other end is located outside the support space 14. The provision of the reinforcing ribs 707 increases the overall stability of the simulated support structure and helps to resist externally applied impact loads. The reinforcing ribs 707 can effectively disperse and transfer loads, avoid local excessive stress concentration, and thus protect the simulated support structure from damage.

[0049] This structure's design takes into account multiple functions, such as impact resistance, compression resistance, bending resistance, and shear resistance. This allows the simulated support structure to more comprehensively simulate the performance of a real tunnel support system under various complex conditions. The simulated support structure's design allows for customization based on different testing requirements, such as varying the number, size, or distribution of reinforcement bars 707.

[0050] In some embodiments, the tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device 100 of the embodiment of the present invention also includes multiple auxiliary reinforcement plates 15, which are arranged in the support space 14 and connected to the reinforcement ribs 707, and the auxiliary reinforcement plates 15 are stopped on the inner wall of the upper shell 701.

[0051] A plurality of auxiliary reinforcement plates 15 are arranged in the support space 14 and are connected to the reinforcement ribs 707. These auxiliary reinforcement plates 15 abut against the inner wall of the upper shell 701, thereby providing additional support for the simulation support structure. The connection between the auxiliary reinforcement plates 15 and the reinforcement ribs 707 and the abutment with the upper shell 701 together constitute a more robust support system, which helps to improve the overall rigidity of the simulation support structure. In the impact resistance test, the auxiliary reinforcement plates 15 can help disperse and absorb impact energy and reduce the direct damage of the impact load to the simulation support structure. The auxiliary reinforcement plates 15 are connected to the reinforcement ribs 707 to form a reinforcement network, which helps to improve the overall mechanical properties of the simulation support structure. The reinforcement network can help optimize the stress distribution inside the simulation support structure, prevent stress concentration, and increase the service life of the structure. By connecting the reinforcement ribs 707 and the auxiliary reinforcement plates 15, the stability of the entire simulation support structure can be improved, especially when subjected to dynamic loads.

[0052] In some embodiments, a monitoring component 16 is provided on the frame 1, and the monitoring component 16 includes a track 1601, a slider 1602, a drive component 1603 and an ultrasonic flaw detector 1604. The track 1601 is arranged around the test shell 2, and the slider 1602 is slidably arranged on the track 1601. The drive component 1603 is used to drive the slider 1602 to slide, and the ultrasonic flaw detector 1604 is arranged on the slider 1602 for monitoring the simulated filling 6 and the tunnel simulation support structure 7.

[0053] Track 1601 surrounds test shell 2, and slider 1602 is slidably mounted on track 1601. This design allows ultrasonic flaw detector 1604 to move around test shell 2, comprehensively monitoring simulated fill material 6 and simulated tunnel support structure 7. The design of track 1601 and slider 1602 allows ultrasonic flaw detector 1604 to cover the entire surface of test shell 2, ensuring comprehensive monitoring without blind spots. Drive assembly 1603 is used to drive slider 1602, and can be electrically, hydraulically, or mechanically driven.

[0054] Ultrasonic flaw detector 1604, mounted on slider 1602, monitors the simulated fill material 6 and the simulated tunnel support structure 7 for internal defects and damage. This nondestructive flaw detector can inspect the internal structure and performance of the simulated support structure without damaging it. It monitors the condition of the simulated support structure in real time during testing, helping to promptly identify and document any potential problems.

[0055] In some embodiments, the simulated filler 6 includes at least one of gangue, sand, gravel, and concrete.

[0056] Gangue is a common industrial waste with physical and mechanical properties similar to certain types of roadway rock. Using gangue as a simulated filler can simulate the geological conditions of specific roadways while also facilitating resource recycling and environmental protection.

[0057] Sand has good fluidity and plasticity, and can simulate loose or soft roadway geological conditions. Using sand can simulate the performance of roadway support structures in soft soil layers, providing a reference for roadway support in soft soil layers.

[0058] Gravel has strong support and compressive strength, and can simulate hard or medium-hard roadway geological conditions. Using gravel can simulate the performance of roadway support structures in hard rock formations, providing a reference for hard rock roadway support.

[0059] Concrete is a common building material whose physical and mechanical properties can be adjusted as needed. Concrete can be used to simulate special or specific tunnel geological conditions or to create simulated fills with specific mechanical properties.

[0060] By selecting different simulated fillers, researchers can simulate a variety of tunnel geological conditions and evaluate the performance of tunnel support structures under these conditions. This diverse selection of simulated fillers makes the test device more flexible and adaptable, meeting the research needs of different tunnel geological conditions and providing more comprehensive and accurate reference data for tunnel support design and construction.

[0061] The method for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0062] Step S1, data collection, first collects geological structure data of the area to be studied, then uses the simulated filler 6 to simulate the collected geological structure, proportionally reduces and prepares the tunnel simulation support structure 7 according to the tunnel structure to be tested and the support design plan, and embeds the prepared tunnel simulation support structure 7 into the simulated filler 6 and positions it, and finally seals the test shell 2.

[0063] This step ensures a high degree of similarity between the test environment and actual geological conditions, improving the accuracy and practicality of the test results.

[0064] Step S2, test operation. After completing step S1, water is sprayed on the simulated filler 6 through the nozzle 9 to adjust the water content of the simulated filler 6. Then, the hydraulic pump station 5 is driven to operate, and the hydraulic pump station 5 drives the hydraulic bag 3 to increase the pressure and expand. During the expansion process, the bag 3 drives the extrusion plate 4 to increase the pressure on the simulated filler 6, thereby simulating the mechanical changes caused by the deformation of the geological structure. At the same time, an alternating vibration force is applied to the simulated filler 6 through the ultrasonic oscillation mechanism to simulate the influence of mechanical vibration on the deformation of the geological structure. Finally, the simulated filler 6 indirectly applies the pressure and mechanical vibration force applied by the pressure plate to the tunnel simulation support structure 7 and maintains the pressure. During the pressure maintenance process, the deformation, cracks and crack development state of the simulated filler 6 and the tunnel simulation support structure 7 under the action of external forces are observed and tested.

[0065] This step comprehensively evaluates the impact resistance of the tunnel support structure in complex environments by simulating geological deformation and mechanical vibration, providing important reference data for tunnel support design and construction.

[0066] Step S3, data conversion. After completing the S2 detection operation, the data obtained from the detection is magnified in the same proportion as the reduction ratio in step S1 to obtain the impact resistance parameters of the tunnel support system under actual geological conditions, providing data support for subsequent actual site detection.

[0067] This step converts laboratory test results into data for practical engineering applications, providing direct data support for on-site testing and actual construction, and helping to improve the rationality and safety of tunnel support design.

[0068] The implementation of the entire testing method, by simulating actual geological conditions and construction environment, can comprehensively evaluate the impact resistance of tunnel support structures in a laboratory environment, avoiding the high risks and high costs of field testing, while improving the reliability and practicality of the test results.

[0069] The present invention provides a device and method for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure. The invention has a high degree of integration, modularization and automation. On the one hand, it can effectively meet the needs of tunnel support system simulation operations under various complex geological conditions, and the equipment has high versatility and comprehensive utilization rate. On the other hand, during operation, it can achieve low-cost and high-efficiency accurate simulation of the tunnel support system's effectiveness, design defects, and damage changes under ground stress, thereby providing preliminary experimental data for actual on-site support experiments in the tunnel, improving the work efficiency and accuracy of on-site experimental operations, and reducing experimental costs.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0071] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0072] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0073] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0074] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0075] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel support structure collaborative impact resistance testing device, characterized in that: include: frame; A test shell, the test shell is arranged on the frame, and the bottom of the test shell has a drain port; A bladder bag, an extrusion plate, and a hydraulic pump station, wherein the bladder bag and the extrusion plate are both arranged in the test shell, the bladder bag is arranged on the inner wall of the test shell, and the extrusion plate is arranged on the side of the bladder bag away from the inner wall of the test shell. There are multiple bladder bags and extrusion plates, and the multiple extrusion plates define an extrusion space. The hydraulic pump station is in communication with the bladder bag and is used to provide pressurized liquid into the bladder bag to expand the bladder bag and squeeze the extrusion plate. A simulated filler, which is used to simulate the geology of the roadway and is filled in the extrusion space; a tunnel simulation support structure, the tunnel simulation support structure being arranged in the simulated filling; an ultrasonic vibration component, the ultrasonic vibration component being arranged on a surface of the extrusion plate facing away from the pouch and being used to vibrate the simulated filling; A nozzle and a spray pump, wherein the nozzle is arranged in the test shell and connected to the spray pump, and is used for spraying water toward the simulated filling.

2. The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The volume of the tunnel simulation support structure is less than or equal to 30% of the simulated filler, the distance between the tunnel simulation support structure and the extrusion plate is greater than 20% of the width of the extrusion space, and at least 70% of the tunnel simulation support structure is located below the center of the extrusion space.

3. The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A pressure sensor is provided between the pouch and the inner wall of the test shell, and a temperature and humidity sensor is provided in the test shell.

4. The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The test shell includes a cover plate and a bottom shell, and the cover plate is detachably mounted on the bottom shell.

5. The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The test shell is generally a rectangular shell, and at least two spaced-apart extrusion plates are provided on each inner wall of the test shell. Two adjacent extrusion plates are connected by an elastic band, and a through hole is provided on the extrusion plate that passes through the extrusion plate along its thickness direction, and the inner diameter of the through hole gradually decreases and then gradually increases.

6. The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tunnel simulation support structure includes an upper shell and a bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected to the upper shell and defines a support space, the distance from the bottom plate to the edge of the upper shell is greater than 5 mm, the upper shell and the bottom plate both include a polymer surface layer, a first metal mesh, and a gelling material matrix stacked in sequence from the inside to the outside, a second metal mesh is provided in the gelling material matrix, the upper shell and the bottom plate are both provided with a plurality of spaced reinforcement ribs, one end of the reinforcement rib extends into the support space and the other end is placed outside the support space.

7. The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of auxiliary reinforcement plates, which are arranged in the supporting space and connected to the reinforcement ribs, and the auxiliary reinforcement plates are stopped on the inner wall of the upper shell.

8. The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A monitoring component is provided on the frame, and the monitoring component includes a track, a slider, a drive component and an ultrasonic flaw detector. The track is arranged around the test shell, the slider is slidably provided on the track, the drive component is used to drive the slider to slide, and the ultrasonic flaw detector is provided on the slider for monitoring the simulated filling and the tunnel simulation support structure.

9. The tunnel support structure coordinated impact resistance testing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated filling material includes at least one of coal gangue, sand, gravel and concrete.

10. A method for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure, the method being applied to the device for testing the coordinated impact resistance of a tunnel support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: S1, data acquisition, first collect geological structure data of the area to be studied, then use simulated filling material to simulate the collected geological structure, and proportionally reduce and prepare the tunnel simulation support structure according to the tunnel structure to be tested and the support design plan. The prepared tunnel simulation support structure is embedded in the simulated filling material and positioned, and finally the test shell is sealed; S2, test operation, after completing step S1, spray water on the simulated filler through the nozzle to adjust the water content of the simulated filler, and then drive the hydraulic pump station to operate, and the hydraulic pump station drives the hydraulic bag to increase pressure and expand. During the expansion process, the bag drives the extrusion plate to increase the pressure on the simulated filler, thereby simulating the mechanical changes caused by the deformation of the geological structure. At the same time, the ultrasonic oscillation mechanism applies an alternating vibration force to the simulated filler to simulate the influence of mechanical vibration on the deformation of the geological structure. Finally, the simulated filler indirectly applies the pressure and mechanical vibration force applied by the pressure plate to the tunnel simulation support structure and maintains the pressure. During the pressure maintenance process, the deformation, cracks and crack development state of the simulated filler and the tunnel simulation support structure under the action of external force are observed and tested; S3, data conversion. After completing the S2 detection operation, the data obtained from the detection will be magnified in the same proportion as the reduction ratio in step S1 to obtain the impact resistance parameters of the tunnel support system under actual geological conditions, providing data support for subsequent actual site detection.

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