Foam fire extinguishing test system and test method for simulating fire hazard of energy storage battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fire tests, in particular to a foam fire extinguishing test system and test method for simulating an energy storage battery fire. Comprising a test box, a foam fire extinguishing device, an overcharge triggering device and a data acquisition device, at least one unit used for simulating fire outbreak is arranged in the test box, and the unit is arranged far away from the foam fire extinguishing device; the unit is connected with an overcharge triggering device and is used for triggering thermal runaway of the unit; the foam fire extinguishing device is arranged outside the test box and is used for filling compressed air foam into the unit in the thermal runaway state to extinguish fire; and the data acquisition device is used for acquiring data of the units and the fire extinguishing process. The performance evaluation capability of the compressed air foam in the fire scene of the energy storage battery is effectively improved, and the performance of the fire extinguishing medium can be comprehensively evaluated, so that data support is provided for the fire extinguishing efficiency, the explosion suppression capability and the environmental adaptability of the compressed air foam.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fire testing, and in particular to a foam fire extinguishing test system and a test method for simulating energy storage battery fires. Background Art

[0002] A high proportion of renewable energy places higher demands on the flexible adjustment capabilities of the power system, bringing development opportunities to energy storage. The most widely used energy storage device is lithium batteries. However, although lithium batteries have excellent performance, they can experience thermal runaway under conditions of abuse such as overheating, overcharging and discharging, and short circuits, releasing large amounts of heat and toxic smoke, which may cause fires and explosions.

[0003] At present, in order to study the performance of fire extinguishing agents, thermal runaway of lithium batteries is usually simulated, and fire extinguishing devices are used to extinguish fires, so as to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of the fire extinguishing devices. However, there are problems: 1. The existing test methods are basically carried out in open spaces or closed spaces in the laboratory, which is difficult to truly reveal the fire behavior characteristics of lithium batteries; 2. The existing commonly used fire extinguishing devices are gas fire extinguishing or liquid fire extinguishing, so the fire extinguishing test method is mainly based on gas fire extinguishing or liquid fire extinguishing. Compressed gas foam can produce a gas-liquid two-phase fire extinguishing medium with a low water content, taking into account the advantages of gas-liquid fire extinguishing, and has the advantages of explosion suppression, elimination of re-ignition, continuous cooling, and environmental friendliness. It can effectively meet the fire prevention and control needs of battery energy storage power stations. However, a test method for compressed gas foam has not been proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems mentioned in the prior art, the present invention proposes a foam fire extinguishing test system and test method for simulating energy storage battery fires. An overcharging method is used to simulate lithium battery fires, and the performance of compressed gas foam is tested by extinguishing the lithium battery fire through compressed gas foam.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating energy storage battery fires, comprising a test chamber, a foam fire extinguishing device, an overcharge trigger device, and a data acquisition device; The test box is provided with at least one unit for simulating fire, and the unit is arranged away from the foam fire extinguishing device; The unit is connected to an overcharge trigger device for inducing thermal runaway of the unit; The foam fire extinguishing device is located outside the test chamber and is used to inject compressed air foam into the unit in the thermal runaway state to extinguish the fire; The data acquisition device is used to collect unit data and the fire extinguishing process.

[0006] As a further improvement of the present invention, the test box can simulate the energy storage battery as a module level or a cabin level. When the energy storage battery is a module level, the unit is a battery cell; when the energy storage battery is a cabin level, the unit is a battery module; The remaining positions of the test box are filled with battery shells or battery module shells.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the overcharge triggering device includes a charging device, wherein the charging device is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell or battery module, and the charging current of the charging module is: The rated current of the charging device is compared with the maximum continuous charging current of the battery cell or battery module to determine the smaller value between the two, and the smaller value is determined as the charging current.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, an ignition device is further included, which is connected to the test box and is used to ignite the gas generated by thermal runaway.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the data acquisition device includes a temperature measuring component and a voltage measuring module, a monitoring device and an acquisition module arranged on the unit.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the foam fire extinguishing device includes a compressed air foam generating device, a delivery pipe and a nozzle, the compressed air foam generating device is connected to one end of the delivery pipe, and the other end of the delivery pipe is connected to the nozzle, wherein the nozzle is arranged in the test box.

[0011] A method for testing a foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating an energy storage battery fire comprises the following steps: When the test chamber simulates the energy storage battery at module level or cabin level, the overcharge trigger device triggers thermal runaway of the battery cell or battery module; Start the foam fire extinguishing device and spray compressed air foam according to the set parameters; Record data during the test.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the determination condition for thermal runaway is that three consecutive temperature rise rate values ​​are all ≥3°C / s, or fire occurs, or explosion occurs.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, when a battery cell or battery module is in thermal runaway, the overcharge trigger device is turned off; if no open flame occurs, the ignition device is activated to ignite the gas generated by the thermal runaway.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the data during the test include the time from starting the compressed air foam fire extinguishing device to the nozzle starting to spray compressed air foam, the ignition time and the time for the open flame to be extinguished, the working pressure of the fire extinguishing device and the amount of fire extinguishing medium used, the temperature changes of the thermocouple at different stages, and whether there is re-ignition or explosion during the test.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: The present invention solves the problems of insufficient test environment authenticity and limited fire extinguishing medium applicability in the prior art through the use of a test chamber, a foam fire extinguishing device, an overcharge trigger device, and a data acquisition device. This effectively enhances the performance evaluation capability of compressed air foam in energy storage battery fire scenarios. The test chamber can simulate different levels of energy storage battery cells, filling real battery shells or module shells, and constructing a test environment similar to that of an actual energy storage power station. This can realistically reflect the fire behavior characteristics caused by thermal runaway of lithium batteries. Secondly, the overcharge trigger device can simulate overcharge scenarios under actual abuse conditions, ensuring that the thermal runaway process occurs, thereby providing a fire source foundation for fire extinguishing tests. The present invention uses compressed air foam as the fire extinguishing medium. By using a data acquisition device to record parameters such as temperature, voltage, fire extinguishing time, and foam dosage in real time, the performance of the fire extinguishing medium can be comprehensively evaluated, thereby providing data support for the fire extinguishing efficiency, explosion suppression capability, and environmental adaptability of the compressed air foam.

[0016] The test box of the present invention flexibly simulates module-level or cabin-level energy storage battery units according to test requirements, so that the test results are more in line with actual working conditions; the setting method of the charging current in the overcharge trigger device not only avoids the destructive runaway caused by excessive overcharging current, but also ensures the consistency of the thermal runaway process with the actual abuse conditions, thereby improving the reliability of the test results; the introduction of the set ignition device can optimize the comprehensiveness of the test scenario. When the thermal runaway does not directly cause an open flame, the ignition device can actively trigger the combustion of the combustible gas, simulating the secondary ignition phenomenon that may occur in a real fire, and can better verify the performance of the foam fire extinguishing medium in suppressing re-ignition and blocking combustion; the data acquisition device uses the temperature measuring component, voltage measurement module, monitoring device, and acquisition module to capture the temperature rise rate, explosion point, fire extinguishing time and other related parameters in the thermal runaway stage in real time, and combines the records of foam working pressure, dosage and re-ignition phenomenon to construct a multi-dimensional performance evaluation system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the overcharge triggering device according to embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of implementation 2 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the overcharge trigger device in Example 2 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure numerals: 1. test chamber; 2. delivery pipeline; 3. foam fire extinguishing device; 4. ignition device; 5. battery housing; 6. temperature measuring component; 7. actual battery cell; 8. battery cell of overcharged object; 9. actual battery module; 10. battery module of overcharged object; 11. battery cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are to be considered as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0021] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0022] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, terms such as "mounted," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0023] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may include the first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0024] It will be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0025] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present specification are only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the present specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0026] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present description and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0027] The accompanying drawings illustrate various schematic diagrams of the structures of the embodiments disclosed herein. These figures are not drawn to scale; for the purpose of clarity, some details are exaggerated and some details may be omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the figures, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Those skilled in the art may design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0028] At present, the gaseous fire extinguishing agents used in energy storage power stations are perfluorohexanone, heptafluoropropane and other fire extinguishing agents. These fire extinguishing agents are relatively expensive and cannot achieve continuous fire extinguishing due to dosage issues. Water is used as a liquid fire extinguishing agent, but water fire extinguishing can easily cause battery compartment short circuits and scrapping, resulting in large losses after firefighting. Therefore, to address the above-mentioned fire extinguishing shortcomings, compressed gas foam has emerged. Therefore, for compressed gas foam, the present invention proposes a foam fire extinguishing test system that simulates energy storage battery fires and can evaluate the fire extinguishing performance of compressed gas foam.

[0029] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example 1 The foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating energy storage battery fires of the present invention includes a test box 1, a foam fire extinguishing device 3, an overcharge trigger device and a data acquisition device; at least one unit for simulating fire is provided in the test box 1, and the unit is arranged away from the foam fire extinguishing device 3.

[0031] The test box 1 in this embodiment is used to simulate the energy storage battery at the module level, so the test box 1 is a battery module box. The size of the battery module box is consistent with the actual battery module box, and the preferred size is 1136mm long × 810mm wide × 245mm high. The whole is made of carbon steel and the top is closed with a glass plate.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, in the embodiment, at least one real battery cell 7 is provided in the test box 1. In the embodiment, the battery cell can be any one of a lithium iron phosphate battery, a ternary lithium battery or a lithium manganese oxide battery. The capacity and size of the battery cell should be equal to those in actual application, preferably using a capacity of 280 Ah or 314 Ah.

[0033] In the embodiment, there are preferably four real battery cells 7. The battery cells at the very end and side of the test box 1 are selected as the overcharge objects. The overcharge objects should meet the most unfavorable principle, such as the position farthest from the nozzle installation. The remaining three battery cells are arranged around the battery cell 8 as the overcharge object, and the remaining positions in the test box 1 are filled with battery shells 5 or battery models. The above structure can simulate the real energy storage structure layout.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, four real battery cells 7 are provided with temperature measuring components 6. In the embodiment, the temperature measuring components 6 are preferably K-type thermocouples. As shown in the figure, there are multiple thermocouples, each of which has insulation protection. In addition, each thermocouple monitors a different object. For example, some thermocouples monitor the surface temperature of the battery, and some thermocouples monitor the temperature of the battery shell 5.

[0035] Figure 3 As shown, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell 8 to be overcharged are connected to the overcharge trigger device. In the embodiment, the overcharge trigger device is a charging device. The charging device adopts a constant current charging method. The charging current is the smaller of the rated current of the charging device and the maximum continuous charging current of the battery cell. When in use, the charging device is started. When the battery cell has thermal runaway, the charging device is turned off. In the embodiment, there are three conditions for determining thermal runaway. The first condition is that three temperature rise rate values ​​are continuously monitored to be ≥3°C; the second condition is that the battery cell catches fire; the third condition is that the battery cell explodes; in addition, when the surface temperature of the battery cell reaches 300°C or the charging time reaches 4h, the charging device is turned off.

[0036] The ignition device 4 in the embodiment can ignite the combustible gas (such as CO, H2) released by the battery cell to cause an open flame when the battery cell has thermal runaway and there is no open flame. It can also re-ignite the battery cell when the combustion is interrupted. The ignition device 4 is preferably an electric spark generator.

[0037] In the embodiment, the foam fire extinguishing device 3 includes a compressed air foam generating device, a delivery pipe 2 and a nozzle, wherein the compressed air foam generating device is at least 5m away from the test box 1, and the compressed air foam generating device is connected to the nozzle through the delivery pipe, wherein the nozzle extends into the test box 1; the compressed air foam generating device in the embodiment is a premixed type, specifically including a foam premix liquid storage tank for storing premixed foam liquid, a pump for providing power for the delivery of the premix liquid, an air supply device for providing compressed air, a gas-liquid mixing device for fully mixing the premix liquid with gas to generate foam, and a control unit for adjusting the mixing ratio and flow rate of the foam.

[0038] In the embodiment, the data acquisition device also includes a voltage measurement module, a monitoring device and an acquisition module, wherein the voltage measurement module is preferably a battery tester, which can monitor the battery cell voltage with an accuracy of ±0.1V; the monitoring device is a movable video monitor, which can adjust the monitoring position and angle according to the actual situation of the test site and record the changes in the test process; the acquisition module is preferably a data recorder, which can continuously monitor and record the test process parameters, and the sampling period should not exceed 1s.

[0039] This embodiment provides a testing method for a foam fire extinguishing test system that simulates an energy storage battery fire, including the following steps: Test environment The test environment should meet the following requirements: a) Reliable and effective ventilation measures shall be applied in the test site to prevent the accumulation of flammable gases.

[0040] b) The test site should have effective fire-fighting and emergency facilities.

[0041] Experimental preparation 1) Before the test, a wire hole is set on the side of the test box 1 and sealed after the line is laid.

[0042] 2) The battery cell should be continuously charged and discharged for at least two cycles according to the method specified by the battery manufacturer and in accordance with the method in GB / T 36276. Each cycle should first be charged to 100% SOC and then discharged to the specified discharge voltage. The battery should be left to rest for 30 minutes between charge and discharge cycles.

[0043] Battery initialization charge and discharge cycle: a) Charge at rated constant power to the cell's end-of-charge voltage and let it rest for 30 minutes; b) Discharge at rated power and constant power to the discharge end voltage of the battery cell, and let it stand for 30 minutes.

[0044] After the charging cycle is completed, charge the battery cell to 100% SOC and let it rest for 1 hour, and start the test within 48 hours after the charging is completed.

[0045] 3) Ensure that all devices have the same clock.

[0046] Experimental process Ensure that key parameters such as the working pressure, foam mixture flow rate, foam mixing ratio, and gas-liquid ratio of the foam fire extinguishing device 3 reach the specified values; The overcharge trigger device triggers thermal runaway of the battery cell by overcharging. After the safety valve of the triggered battery cell opens and a large amount of smoke is released, if the battery cell triggers the judgment condition of thermal runaway, the overcharge trigger device is closed and charging is stopped. If no open flame occurs, the ignition device 4 is activated to ignite the released gas, causing an open flame; After the fire continues to burn for more than 1 minute to reach a fully burned state, the foam fire extinguishing device 3 is manually activated to start applying compressed air foam; Continuously apply compressed air foam until the test chamber 1 overflows with foam (the first foam spraying should be ≤ 1 minute), then stop applying. If the open fire is not extinguished, continue spraying; Record data such as fire extinguishing time, foam spraying time, and thermocouple temperature changes, and continuously observe whether the battery cells re-ignite or explode; Apply foam once every 10 to 30 minutes until the foam overflows from the test chamber 1 and then stop the foam fire extinguishing device 3.

[0047] Record the data of the test process and the records of the fire extinguishing process.

[0048] The data of the test process include the time from manually starting the compressed air foam fire extinguishing device 3 to the nozzle starting to spray the foam fire extinguishing medium; the ignition time and the time for the open flame to be extinguished; the working pressure of the fire extinguishing device and the amount of fire extinguishing medium used; the temperature changes of the thermocouple at different stages; and whether there is any re-ignition or explosion during the test.

[0049] The records of the fire extinguishing process include the time of opening the overcharge trigger device; the time of triggering the opening of the battery cell safety valve; the time of closing the overcharge trigger device; the time of the appearance of open flame or ignition of combustible gas; the time of starting the compressed air foam; the time of foam overflow and closing the foam fire extinguishing device 3; and the number of times the foam fire extinguishing device 3 is started.

[0050] Example 2 This embodiment is basically the same as Example 1, except that the test box 1 in this embodiment is used to simulate the energy storage battery as a cabin level, so the test box 1 is a prefabricated cabin. Therefore, the size of the prefabricated cabin body, the structural size and layout of the battery cluster bracket should be consistent with the actual project.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, a row of battery clusters farthest from the foam fire extinguishing device 3 is selected as the observation object. At least one real battery module 9 is provided in the row of battery clusters, wherein the battery module can be one of lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries or lithium manganese oxide batteries.

[0052] In the embodiment, the real battery modules 9 are preferably three groups, and the battery modules of the three adjacent groups are arranged in the middle as the battery module 10 to be overcharged. The remaining positions in the test box 1 are filled with battery module shells, which can simulate the real energy storage structure layout.

[0053] The battery module is provided with a temperature measuring element 6. The type of the temperature measuring element 6 is basically the same as that in Example 1 and will not be elaborated here. In the embodiment, the smallest parallel unit or the entire battery module box in the battery module 10 as the overcharge target is selected as the thermal runaway trigger target, and the temperature measuring element 6 is arranged on no less than one-third of the single cells of the thermal runaway trigger battery module. The test arrangement is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, to prevent thermal runaway, the battery module monitoring circuit and protective devices (such as fuses) can be removed, and the positive and negative poles of the battery module can be reliably connected to the overcharge trigger device.

[0054] Figure 4 As shown, the overcharge trigger device is a charging device, and the charging device adopts a constant current charging mode. The charging current is the smaller of the rated current of the charging device and the maximum continuous charging current of the battery module. When in use, the charging device is started. When any three battery cells 11 in the battery module have thermal runaway, the charging device is turned off. The judgment conditions for thermal runaway in the embodiment are three ways. The first way is to continuously monitor that three temperature rise rate values ​​are all ≥3°C; the second way is battery cell fire; and the third way is battery cell explosion.

[0055] The ignition device 4 and the foam fire extinguishing device 3 in this embodiment are basically the same as those in Example 1. The difference is that the ignition device 4 is specifically arranged outside the air outlet of the air-cooled battery box or outside the safety valve of the liquid-cooled battery box, and the foam fire extinguishing device 3 needs to be adjusted to the cabin-level parameters.

[0056] The data acquisition device in this embodiment is basically the same as that in embodiment 1, and will not be elaborated here.

[0057] This embodiment provides a testing method for a foam fire extinguishing test system that simulates an energy storage battery fire, including the following steps: The test environment and test preparation are the same as those in Example 1.

[0058] Experimental process Ensure that key parameters such as the working pressure, foam mixture flow rate, foam mixing ratio, and gas-liquid ratio of the foam fire extinguishing device 3 reach the specified values; The overcharge trigger device triggers thermal runaway of the battery module by overcharging, and stops charging after the three battery cells 11 in the battery module experience thermal runaway. If no open flame occurs, the ignition device 4 is activated to ignite the released gas, causing an open flame; After the fire continues to burn for more than 1 minute to reach a fully burned state, the foam fire extinguishing device 3 is manually activated to start applying compressed air foam; Continuously apply compressed air foam until the test chamber 1 overflows with foam (the first foam spraying should be ≤ 2 minutes), then stop applying. If the open fire is not extinguished, continue spraying; Record data such as fire extinguishing time, foam spraying time, and thermocouple temperature changes, and continuously observe whether the battery cells re-ignite or explode; Apply foam once every 10 to 30 minutes until the foam overflows from the test chamber 1 and then stop the foam fire extinguishing device 3.

[0059] Record the data of the test process and the records of the fire extinguishing process.

[0060] The data of the test process include the time from manually starting the compressed air foam fire extinguishing device 3 to the nozzle starting to spray the foam fire extinguishing medium; the ignition time and the time for the open flame to be extinguished; the working pressure of the fire extinguishing device and the amount of fire extinguishing medium used; the temperature changes of the thermocouple at different stages; and whether there is any re-ignition or explosion during the test.

[0061] The records of the fire extinguishing process include the time when the overcharge trigger device is turned on; the time when any battery cell 11 in the battery module reaches thermal runaway and overcharging is stopped; the time when open flame appears or combustible gas is ignited; the time when compressed air foam is started; the time when foam overflows and the foam fire extinguishing device 3 is turned off; and the number of times the foam fire extinguishing device 3 is started.

[0062] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from all points of view, the embodiments should be regarded as illustrative and non-restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are included in the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

[0063] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification describes the embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This description is for clarity only. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art. The above content is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical concept of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes made based on the technical solution in accordance with the technical concept proposed by the present invention fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating energy storage battery fire, characterized in that: It includes a test chamber, a foam fire extinguishing device, an overcharge trigger device and a data acquisition device; The test box is provided with at least one unit for simulating fire, and the unit is arranged away from the foam fire extinguishing device; The unit is connected to an overcharge trigger device for inducing thermal runaway of the unit; The foam fire extinguishing device is located outside the test chamber and is used to inject compressed air foam into the unit in the thermal runaway state to extinguish the fire; The data acquisition device is used to collect unit data and the fire extinguishing process.

2. A foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating energy storage battery fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test chamber can simulate the energy storage battery as module level or cabin level. When the energy storage battery is module level, the unit is the battery cell; when the energy storage battery is cabin level, the unit is the battery module; The remaining positions of the test box are filled with battery shells or battery module shells.

3. A foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating energy storage battery fire according to claim 2, characterized in that: The overcharge triggering device includes a charging device, wherein the charging device is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery cell or battery module, and the charging current of the charging module is: The rated current of the charging device is compared with the maximum continuous charging current of the battery cell or battery module to determine the smaller value between the two, and the smaller value is determined as the charging current.

4. A foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating energy storage battery fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an ignition device, which is connected to the test box and is used to ignite the gas generated by thermal runaway.

5. A foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating energy storage battery fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition device includes a temperature measuring component and a voltage measuring module, a monitoring device and an acquisition module arranged on the unit.

6. A foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating energy storage battery fire according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foam fire extinguishing device includes a compressed air foam generating device, a delivery pipe and a nozzle. The compressed air foam generating device is connected to one end of the delivery pipe, and the other end of the delivery pipe is connected to the nozzle, wherein the nozzle is arranged in the test box.

7. A testing method for a foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating an energy storage battery fire according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When the test chamber simulates the energy storage battery at module level or cabin level, the overcharge trigger device triggers thermal runaway of the battery cell or battery module; Start the foam fire extinguishing device and spray compressed air foam according to the set parameters; Record data during the test.

8. The testing method of a foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating an energy storage battery fire according to claim 7, characterized in that: The criteria for determining thermal runaway are three consecutive temperature rise rate values ​​≥ 3℃ / s, or fire, or explosion.

9. The testing method of a foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating an energy storage battery fire according to claim 7, characterized in that: When a battery cell or battery module experiences thermal runaway, the overcharge trigger device is turned off; if no open flame occurs, the ignition device is activated to ignite the gas generated by thermal runaway.

10. The testing method of a foam fire extinguishing test system for simulating an energy storage battery fire according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data during the test include the time from starting the compressed air foam fire extinguishing device to the nozzle starting to spray compressed air foam, the ignition time and the time for the open flame to be extinguished, the working pressure of the fire extinguishing device and the amount of fire extinguishing medium used, the temperature changes of the thermocouple at different stages, and whether there is any re-ignition or explosion during the test.

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