Neutralizer system for neutral beam injection

Abstract

This invention discloses a neutralizer system for neutral beam injection, relating to the field of neutral beam injection in controlled nuclear fusion assisted heating methods. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection includes a neutralizer device, an ion source, and a vacuum chamber. The neutralizer device includes a neutralizer, which is located outside and connected to the vacuum chamber. The neutralizer includes a shell and a neutralizer body. The shell defines a receiving space, and the neutralizer body is housed within the receiving space and includes multiple heat exchange plates. The multiple heat exchange plates are connected and collectively define a beam channel, which is located between the ion source and the vacuum chamber. The heat exchange plates form liquid flow channels, within which a heat exchange medium can flow. By placing the neutralizer outside the vacuum chamber, maintenance and repair can be performed without breaking the vacuum in the neutralizer system, facilitating maintenance and repair, and simplifying installation. Furthermore, it avoids occupying internal space within the vacuum chamber, reducing the design complexity of the vacuum chamber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of neutral beam injection in controlled nuclear fusion assisted heating methods, and in particular to a neutralizer system for neutral beam injection. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, neutral beam injection (NBI) is one of the common heating methods for controlled magnetic confinement nuclear fusion tokamaks. Existing neutralizer systems for neutral beam injection place the neutralizer inside the vacuum chamber, which is inconvenient for installation, maintenance and repair. In addition, the neutralizer occupies space in the vacuum chamber, which requires increasing the size of the vacuum chamber. However, the size of the vacuum chamber is limited by the performance of the cryogenic pump and should not be set too large, making the design of the vacuum chamber a challenge. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a neutralizer system for neutral beam injection, which places the neutralizer outside the vacuum chamber for easy maintenance and avoids occupying internal space of the vacuum chamber, thereby reducing the design difficulty of the vacuum chamber.

[0004] A neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a neutralizer device, an ion source, and a vacuum chamber. The neutralizer device includes a neutralizer disposed outside and connected to the vacuum chamber. The neutralizer includes: a housing defining a receiving space; and a neutralizer body housed in the receiving space and including a plurality of heat exchange plates connected together and jointly defining a beam channel located between the ion source and the vacuum chamber. The heat exchange plates form liquid flow channels through which a heat exchange medium can flow.

[0005] According to the neutralizer system of the present invention, by placing the neutralizer outside the vacuum chamber, the vacuum of the neutralizer system does not need to be broken during maintenance, which facilitates maintenance and installation. In addition, it avoids occupying the internal space of the vacuum chamber and reduces the design difficulty of the vacuum chamber.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, along the extending direction of the beam channel, the neutralizer body has opposing first ends and second ends, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel gradually decreases from the first end to the second end.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the end of the heat exchange plate corresponding to the first end has a rounded chamfer.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of heat exchange plates are configured as multiple heat exchange plate groups, the multiple heat exchange plate groups being arranged in a surrounding manner to define the beam channel, and each heat exchange plate group including a plurality of heat exchange plates arranged along the extension direction of the beam channel.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a gap is provided between two adjacent heat exchange plates along the extension direction of the beam channel, the gap including: a first gap and a second gap, the first gap communicating with the second gap, and the first gap extending along the extension direction of the beam channel.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange plate includes: a cover plate and a bottom plate, the bottom plate forming the liquid flow channel, the cover plate being connected to the bottom plate and covering the liquid flow channel, the cover plate forming a liquid inlet hole and a liquid outlet hole, both of which are in communication with the liquid flow channel.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a piping assembly, the piping assembly including: a plurality of liquid inlet branches and a plurality of liquid return branches, wherein the number of liquid inlet holes of the plurality of heat exchange plates is the same as the number of the plurality of liquid inlet branches and they are connected in a one-to-one correspondence, and the number of liquid outlet holes of the plurality of heat exchange plates is the same as the number of the plurality of liquid return branches and they are connected in a one-to-one correspondence, so that the plurality of liquid flow channels are connected in parallel.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fluid flow channel includes: a plurality of first sub-channels and second sub-channels, wherein the plurality of first sub-channels are arranged at intervals and are all connected to the second sub-channels, and the surface of the first sub-channel is an arc surface.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the cover plate is formed with a strain relief notch that penetrates the cover plate along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a plurality of first mounting plates, each of the first mounting plates being connected to a plurality of the heat exchange plates; at least one second mounting plate, the second mounting plate being sleeved on the outside of the plurality of first mounting plates to fix the plurality of first mounting plates; the first mounting plates and the second mounting plates being received in the receiving space; and the second mounting plate being connected to the housing.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a mounting bracket, the mounting bracket being received in the receiving space and connected to the housing, and the second mounting plate being connected to the mounting bracket.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of heat exchange plates include at least one top heat exchange plate, at least one bottom heat exchange plate, at least one first side heat exchange plate, and at least one second side heat exchange plate. The plurality of first mounting plates include a top mounting plate, a bottom mounting plate, a first side mounting plate, and a second side mounting plate. The top mounting plate is connected to the top heat exchange plate, the bottom mounting plate is connected to the bottom heat exchange plate, the first side mounting plate is connected to the first side heat exchange plate, and the second side mounting plate is connected to the second side heat exchange plate.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange plate includes: a mounting member, the mounting member including a first sub-mounting member and a second sub-mounting member, the first sub-mounting member and the second sub-mounting member being connected along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second sub-mounting member being smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting member, the first mounting plate having a mating hole, the second sub-mounting member passing through the mating hole and the size of the mating hole being larger than the size of the second sub-mounting member.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: at least one gas supply pipe, wherein there are multiple neutralizers, the multiple neutralizers are configured as at least one neutralizer group, the number of gas supply pipes is the same as the number of neutralizer groups and they correspond one-to-one, and the gas supply pipes are used to supply gas to the neutralizers of the corresponding neutralizer groups.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a plurality of mounting bases, wherein there are a plurality of ion sources and a plurality of neutralizers, and the plurality of ion sources, the plurality of mounting bases, and the plurality of neutralizers correspond one-to-one, and the mounting base is connected between the corresponding ion source and the corresponding neutralizer.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the neutralizer system for neutral beam injection further includes: a mounting bracket, a gate valve, the gate valve being disposed in the vacuum chamber, a plurality of neutralizers being disposed in the gate valve, and a plurality of neutralizers being disposed in the mounting bracket; and / or, the neutralizers and the corresponding mounting bases partially overlap along the extension direction of the beam channel.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a neutralizer system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a partial structural diagram of a neutralizer system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a partial structural diagram of a neutralizer system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a neutralizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of a neutralizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a piping assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a neutralizer device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] Neutralizer device 1; Neutralizer 11; Housing 111; Receiving space 112; Neutralizer body 113; Heat exchange plate 114; Cover plate 1141; Strain release notch 11411; Base plate 1142; Beam channel 1143; Liquid flow channel 1144; First sub-flow channel 11441; Second sub-flow channel 11442; Liquid inlet 1145; Liquid outlet 1146; Top heat exchange plate 1147a; Bottom heat exchange plate 1147b; First side heat exchange plate 1147c; Second side heat exchange plate 1147d; Mounting component 1148; First sub-mounting component 11481; Second sub-mounting component 11482; Rounded chamfer 1149; First end 115; Second end 116; Heat exchange plate assembly 117; Gap 118; First gap 1181; Second gap 1182; Neutralizer assembly 12.

[0033] Ion source 2; Vacuum chamber 3;

[0034] Piping assembly 4; Inlet branch 41; Return branch 42;

[0035] First mounting plate 5; mating hole 51;

[0036] Second mounting plate 6; mounting bracket 7; air supply pipe 8;

[0037] Mounting base 91; Mounting bracket 92; Slide valve 93;

[0038] Neutralizer system 10. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0040] The following is for reference. Figures 1-8 A neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0041] like Figures 1-3 As shown, a neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a neutralizer device 1, an ion source 2, and a vacuum chamber 3. The neutralizer device 1 includes a neutralizer 11, which is disposed outside and connected to the vacuum chamber 3. The neutralizer 11 includes: a housing 111 and a neutralizer body 113. The housing 111 defines a receiving space 112. The neutralizer body 113 is received in the receiving space 112 and includes a plurality of heat exchange plates 114. The plurality of heat exchange plates 114 are connected and together define a beam channel 1143. The beam channel 1143 is located between the ion source 2 and the vacuum chamber 3. The heat exchange plates 114 form liquid flow channels 1144, and a heat exchange medium can flow through the liquid flow channels 1144.

[0042] The neutralizer system 10 used for neutral beam injection can be used to pass fast ions generated by ion source 2 through a material target (e.g., a gas target) so that some fast ions collide with the charge of the material target to form a neutral particle beam. The formed neutral particle beam can be used to assist in heating the tokamak device for controlled nuclear fusion. This heating method is highly efficient and has a relatively clear physical mechanism.

[0043] Specifically, the ion source 2 can generate fast ions. Along the flow direction of the fast ions, the neutralizer device 1 can be located behind the ion source 2, and the fast ions can be drawn out to the neutralizer device 1 via high voltage. As some embodiments of this application, the cross-sectional shape of the neutralizer device 1 is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the ion source 2, and the cross-section of the ion source 2 is slightly larger than the cross-section of the neutralizer device 1. This arrangement facilitates the flow of the fast ion beam to the neutralizer 11.

[0044] The neutralizer device 1 includes a neutralizer 11, which includes a housing 111 and a neutralizer body 113. The housing 111 defines a containment space 112, and the neutralizer body 113 is contained within the containment space 112. Within the neutralizer device 1, fast ions can undergo charge transfer with a gas target to generate neutral particles. Multiple neutral particles can form a neutral particle beam, which can enter a vacuum chamber 3 and converge within a tokamak device after passing through a deflection magnet and a drift pipe disposed within the vacuum chamber 3 to ignite the plasma. Unneutralized fast ions can be absorbed by an ion swallower through the deflection magnet.

[0045] As some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the neutralizer device 1 may include at least one neutralizer 11. The neutralizer device 1 may include one, three, or six neutralizers 11, and the number of neutralizers 11 can be adjusted according to usage requirements. The power of the multiple ion sources 2 corresponding to the multiple neutralizers 11 can be superimposed to increase the heating energy intensity of the neutralizer system 10.

[0046] The neutralizer body 113 includes multiple heat exchange plates 114, which can be located between the ion source 2 and the vacuum chamber 3. The multiple heat exchange plates 114 are connected to jointly define a beam channel 1143. The beam channel 1143 is located between the ion source 2 and the vacuum chamber 3, and the neutral particle beam can flow to the vacuum chamber 3 through the beam channel 1143.

[0047] During the formation of the neutral particle beam, the beam bombardment generates heat, which accumulates in the neutral particle beam. When the neutral particle beam flows into the beam channel 1143, it collides with the heat exchange plate 114, transferring heat to the heat exchange plate 114. Each of the multiple heat exchange plates 114 has a liquid flow channel 1144, within which flows a relatively low-temperature heat exchange medium. This heat exchange medium absorbs heat from the heat exchange plates 114, indirectly cooling the neutral particle beam flowing through the beam channel 1143. This reduces the risk of the neutral particle beam burning or even puncturing the neutralizer 11, thereby improving the reliability of the neutralizer system 10. In some embodiments of this application, the heat exchange medium can be water, which is inexpensive, has a high specific heat capacity, and does not introduce impurities (in case of leakage). In some embodiments of this application, the heat exchange medium can be an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.

[0048] Furthermore, compared to related technologies that place the neutralizer within the vacuum chamber, the neutralizer system 10 of this application places the neutralizer 11 outside the vacuum chamber 3 and connects the neutralizer 11 to the vacuum chamber 3. This allows the neutral particle beam to flow into the vacuum chamber 3 through the neutralizer 11 while avoiding the neutralizer 11 occupying internal space within the vacuum chamber 3, thus reducing the size of the vacuum chamber 3. This allows the size of the vacuum chamber 3 to match the performance of the cryogenic pump (the performance of the cryogenic pump limits the size of the vacuum chamber 3, making it difficult to design the vacuum chamber 3 to be too large). Moreover, by placing the neutralizer 11 outside the vacuum chamber 3, maintenance and repair of the neutralizer 11 are also facilitated. Maintenance and repair of the neutralizer 11 do not require breaking the vacuum in the neutralizer system 10, reducing operational difficulty and saving time and costs.

[0049] In the above embodiments, by placing the neutralizer 11 outside the vacuum chamber 3, it is not necessary to break the vacuum of the neutralizer system 10 during maintenance, which facilitates maintenance and installation. In addition, it avoids occupying the internal space of the vacuum chamber 3 and reduces the design difficulty of the vacuum chamber 3.

[0050] As some embodiments of this application, the housing 111 may be made of a highly permeable magnetic material, such as industrial soft iron, to shield the tokamak diffuse magnetic field from interfering with the neutral particle beam.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143 (i.e., the first direction), the neutralizer body 113 has a first end 115 and a second end 116, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel 1143 gradually decreases from the first end 115 to the second end 116.

[0052] Specifically, along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, and specifically along the direction from the ion source 2 toward the vacuum chamber 3, the neutralizer body 113 may have a first end 115 and a second end 116. From the first end 115 to the second end 116, the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel 1143 can gradually decrease to achieve beam contraction, thereby improving energy deposition efficiency, reducing energy loss, and effectively converting the kinetic energy of the neutral electron beam into thermal energy, which is beneficial to improving the auxiliary heating effect of neutral beam injection. As some embodiments of this application, along the plane perpendicular to the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, the cross-section of the beam channel 1143 is rectangular, which is a reasonable structural arrangement that facilitates manufacturing and assembly.

[0053] As some embodiments of this application, along the direction from the ion source 2 toward the vacuum chamber 3, the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel 1143 can be gradually reduced by reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​at least part of the heat exchange plate 114.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1As shown, the end of the heat exchange plate 114 corresponding to the first end 115 has a rounded chamfer 1149. The rounded chamfer 1149 can increase the heat-receiving area, which is beneficial for heat dissipation and improves the cooling effect on the neutral particle beam.

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 4 As shown, the multiple heat exchange plates 114 are configured as multiple heat exchange plate groups 117, which are arranged in a circle to define the beam channel 1143. Each heat exchange plate group 117 includes multiple heat exchange plates 114 arranged along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143.

[0056] The number of heat exchange plates 114 can be six, eight, ten, etc., and multiple heat exchange plates 114 can be constructed into multiple heat exchange plate groups 117. The multiple heat exchange plate groups 117 can be arranged in a ring to define the beam channel 1143. The number of heat exchange plates 114 in each heat exchange plate group 117 can be two, three, or four. The multiple heat exchange plates 114 in each heat exchange plate group 117 can be arranged along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143. This arrangement structure is reasonable. By increasing the number of multiple heat exchange plates 114 in each heat exchange plate group 117, the length of each heat exchange plate 114 can be reduced, which is convenient for manufacturing. It can also reduce the flow path of the heat exchange medium in each heat exchange plate 114, so that the heat exchange medium in each heat exchange plate 114 can absorb a certain amount of heat and then flow out of the heat exchange plate 114, reducing the probability of overheating of the heat exchange medium in each heat exchange plate 114, thereby improving the heat exchange effect.

[0057] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 8 As shown, along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, there is a gap 118 between two adjacent heat exchange plates 114. The gap 118 includes a first gap 1181 and a second gap 1182. The first gap 1181 and the second gap 1182 are connected, and the first gap 1181 extends along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143.

[0058] Understandably, the heat exchange plate 114 absorbs heat during the cooling of the neutral electron beam, and this heat absorption causes the heat exchange plate 114 to expand. Along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, there may be a gap 118 between two adjacent heat exchange plates 114. When the heat exchange plate 114 expands due to heat, the gap 118 can provide the space required for the expansion of the heat exchange plate 114, so that the heat exchange plate 114 can release the thermal stress generated by the heat, thereby reducing the risk of two adjacent heat exchange plates 114 squeezing each other due to expansion (mutual squeezing may cause structural deformation).

[0059] Furthermore, the gap 118 can be constructed in a Z-shape, an L-shape, or the like. The gap 118 can include a first gap 1181 and a second gap 1182. The first gap 1181 can communicate with the second gap 1182, and the first gap 1181 can extend along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143. Compared with the design scheme of the gap 118 extending in a straight line (the straight extension of the gap 118 can be understood as the gap 118 extending along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114), this setting can reduce the risk of neutral particles in the beam channel 1143 escaping the beam channel 1143 through the gap 118, thereby reducing the amount of neutral particle loss.

[0060] As some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 8 As shown, the first gap 1181 extends along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, the second gap 1182 extends along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114, and there are two second gaps 1182. The first gap 1181 is connected between the two second gaps 1182 to form a Z-shaped gap 118.

[0061] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 6 As shown, the heat exchange plate 114 includes a cover plate 1141 and a bottom plate 1142. The bottom plate 1142 forms a liquid flow channel 1144. The cover plate 1141 is connected to the bottom plate 1142 and covers the liquid flow channel 1144. The cover plate 1141 forms a liquid inlet hole 1145 and a liquid outlet hole 1146. Both the liquid inlet hole 1145 and the liquid outlet hole 1146 are connected to the liquid flow channel 1144.

[0062] The cover plate 1141 can be stacked with the base plate 1142 along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114. The cover plate 1141 can be fixedly connected to the base plate 1142 (e.g., bolted connection, snap-fit ​​connection). The base plate 1142 can form a liquid flow channel 1144. The cover plate 1141 can cover the liquid flow channel 1144, so that the heat exchange plate 114 can only be connected to the outside world (the outside world can be understood as the part outside the heat exchange plate 114) through the liquid inlet hole 1145 and the liquid outlet hole 114. The heat exchange plate 1144 is connected to the liquid flow channel 1144 via the inlet hole 1145 and the outlet hole 1146. A lower-temperature heat exchange medium can flow into the liquid flow channel 1144 through the inlet hole 1145, absorbing heat from the heat exchange plate 114 and becoming a higher-temperature heat exchange medium. This higher-temperature medium can then flow out of the heat exchange plate 114 through the outlet hole 1146, thus achieving the effect of cooling the neutral electron beam through the heat exchange plate 114. This design makes the structure of the heat exchange plate 114 reasonable and facilitates manufacturing.

[0063] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 and Figure 7As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection also includes a piping assembly 4, which includes multiple liquid inlet branches 41 and multiple liquid return branches 42. The number of liquid inlet holes 1145 of multiple heat exchange plates 114 are the same as the number of liquid inlet branches 41 and they are connected one-to-one. The number of liquid outlet holes 1146 of multiple heat exchange plates 114 are the same as the number of liquid return branches 42 and they are connected one-to-one, so that multiple liquid flow channels 1144 are connected in parallel.

[0064] The number of liquid inlet branches 41 can be four, six, eight, etc., and the number of liquid inlet holes 1145 of multiple heat exchange plates 114 can be the same as the number of liquid inlet branches 41 and correspond one-to-one. The liquid inlet branches 41 can be connected to the liquid inlet holes 1145 of the corresponding heat exchange plates 114. The number of liquid return branches 42 can be four, six, eight, etc., and the number of liquid outlet holes 1146 of multiple heat exchange plates 114 can be the same as the number of liquid return branches 42 and correspond one-to-one. The liquid return branches 42 can be connected to the liquid outlet holes 1146 of the corresponding heat exchange plates 114. The heat exchange medium with a relatively low temperature can flow into the heat exchange plate 114 through the liquid inlet branches 41 and the liquid inlet holes 1145, while the heat exchange medium with a relatively high temperature can flow out of the heat exchange plate 114 through the liquid outlet holes 1146 and flow to the liquid return branches 42. This configuration ensures that each heat exchanger plate 114 has a corresponding inlet branch 41 and return branch 42, allowing multiple heat exchanger plates 114 to be connected in parallel. This enables each heat exchanger plate 114 to be replenished with a relatively low-temperature heat exchange medium in a timely manner and to discharge a relatively high-temperature heat exchange medium from the heat exchanger plate 114 in a timely manner, thereby improving the cooling effect, reducing the risk of the neutralizer 11 being burned or even punctured by the neutral particle beam, and improving the reliability of the neutralizer system 10 used for neutral beam injection.

[0065] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 Therefore, the liquid flow channel 1144 includes: a plurality of first sub-flow channels 11441 and second sub-flow channels 11442. The plurality of first sub-flow channels 11441 are arranged at intervals and are all connected to the second sub-flow channels 11442. The surface of the first sub-flow channel 11441 is an arc surface.

[0066] The second sub-channel 11442 can be configured as an annular channel, which can surround the outside of multiple first sub-channels 11441. The first sub-channels 11441 can have opposite ends, and both ends of the first sub-channels 11441 can be connected to the second sub-channels 11442. This configuration can make the multiple first sub-channels 11441 and second sub-channels 11442 relatively evenly distributed, thereby improving the uniformity of heat exchange medium distribution and facilitating the heat exchange medium to fully and relatively evenly absorb the heat of the heat exchange plate 114, thus improving the cooling effect.

[0067] Furthermore, such as Figure 1As shown, the surface of the first sub-channel 11441 can be constructed as an arc surface, so that the multiple first sub-channels 11441 are constructed as a circular arc comb-shaped structure, thereby increasing the contact area and resistance of the heat exchange medium when passing through the liquid flow channel 1144 and enhancing the heat dissipation capacity.

[0068] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cover plate 1141 has a strain relief notch 11411, which extends through the cover plate 1141 along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114.

[0069] The strain relief notch 11411 can be constructed as a long strip-shaped groove notch. The strain relief notch 11411 can penetrate the cover plate 1141 along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114. The strain relief notch 11411 can be used to release the stress generated by the heat exchange plate 114 when heated, reduce the risk of extrusion deformation caused by stress, and improve the reliability of the heat exchange plate 114.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection further includes: a plurality of first mounting plates 5, each of which is connected to a plurality of heat exchange plates 114; at least one second mounting plate 6, which is sleeved on the outside of the plurality of first mounting plates 5 to fix the plurality of first mounting plates 5; the first mounting plates 5 and the second mounting plates 6 are both housed in the housing space 112; and the second mounting plate 6 is connected to the housing 111.

[0071] Each first mounting plate 5 can be connected to multiple (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) heat exchange plates 114 to fix the multiple heat exchange plates 114. At least a portion of the first mounting plate 5 can be located on the side of the heat exchange plate 114 facing away from the beam channel 1143. There can be at least one second mounting plate 6, that is, there can be one second mounting plate 6, or there can be multiple second mounting plates 6 (e.g., two, three, four, etc.). The second mounting plate 6 can be sleeved on the outside of the multiple first mounting plates 5 to fix the multiple first mounting plates 5. The second mounting plate 6 can be snapped, screwed, etc., to the multiple first mounting plates 5. When there are multiple second mounting plates 6, they can be arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143. Each second mounting plate 6 can be used to fix multiple first mounting plates 5, which helps to improve the structural strength and reliability of the neutralizer body 113.

[0072] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection also includes: a mounting bracket 7, which is housed in the housing space 112 and connected to the housing 111, and a second mounting plate 6 connected to the mounting bracket 7.

[0073] The mounting bracket 7 can be housed in the receiving space 112 and can be connected to the housing 111. In some embodiments of this application, the mounting bracket 7 can be integrally formed with the housing 111, or it can be welded or snapped to the housing 111. The second mounting plate 6 can be connected to the mounting bracket 7 via screwing or snapping, thereby fixing the housing 111 to the neutralizer body 113. Multiple mounting brackets 7 can be provided, such as two, four, or six. Each mounting bracket 7 can be used to fix itself to the corresponding second mounting plate 6, thereby improving the connection stability between the housing 111 and the neutralizer body 113.

[0074] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the plurality of heat exchange plates 114 include at least one top heat exchange plate 1147a, at least one bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, at least one first side heat exchange plate 1147c, and at least one second side heat exchange plate 1147d. The plurality of first mounting plates 5 include a top mounting plate, a bottom mounting plate, a first side mounting plate, and a second side mounting plate. The top mounting plate is connected to the top heat exchange plate 1147a, the bottom mounting plate is connected to the bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, the first side mounting plate is connected to the first side heat exchange plate 1147c, and the second side mounting plate is connected to the second side heat exchange plate 1147d.

[0075] The plurality of heat exchange plates 114 may include at least one top heat exchange plate 1147a, at least one bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, at least one first side heat exchange plate 1147c, and at least one second side heat exchange plate 1147d. For example, the plurality of heat exchange plates 114 may include one top heat exchange plate 1147a, one bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, two first side heat exchange plates 1147c, and two second side heat exchange plates 1147d; or, the plurality of heat exchange plates 114 may include two top heat exchange plates 1147a, two bottom heat exchange plates 1147b, three first side heat exchange plates 1147c, and three second side heat exchange plates 1147d; or, the plurality of heat exchange plates 114 may include one top heat exchange plate 1147a, one bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, three first side heat exchange plates 1147c, and three second side heat exchange plates 1147d. The size of the heat exchange plate 114 and the required space size of the beam channel 1143 can be set according to the size of the heat exchange plate 114. This setting helps to improve the design flexibility of the neutralizer body 113.

[0076] The top mounting plate is connected to the top heat exchange plate 1147a, the bottom mounting plate is connected to the bottom heat exchange plate 1147b, the first side mounting plate is connected to the first side heat exchange plate 1147c, and the second side mounting plate is connected to the second side heat exchange plate 1147d. Furthermore, the second mounting plate 6 can fix the top mounting plate, the bottom mounting plate, the first side mounting plate, and the second side mounting plate together to improve the structural stability of the neutralizer body 113.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 6 As shown, the heat exchange plate 114 includes a mounting member 1148, which includes a first sub-mounting member 11481 and a second sub-mounting member 11482. The first sub-mounting member 11481 and the second sub-mounting member 11482 are connected along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114. The cross-sectional area of ​​the second sub-mounting member 11482 is smaller than that of the first sub-mounting member 11481. The first mounting plate 5 has a mating hole 51, and the second sub-mounting member 11482 passes through the mating hole 51, and the size of the mating hole 51 is larger than that of the second sub-mounting member 11482.

[0078] The mounting component 1148 is used to connect the heat exchange plate 114 to the first mounting plate 5. Along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114, the first sub-mounting component 11481 and the second sub-mounting component 11482 can be stacked and connected (e.g., integrally formed). Along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second sub-mounting component 11482 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting component 11481. The first mounting plate 5 may have a mating hole 51. When the first mounting plate 5 is assembled with the mounting component 1148, the second sub-mounting component 11482 can pass through the mating hole 51, and the size of the mating hole 51 is larger than the size of the second sub-mounting component 11482. The second mounting component 11482 can be connected to the mating hole 51 via a connector, such as a bolt or screw.

[0079] As some embodiments of this application, along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate 114, the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting member 11481 is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the mating hole 51. When the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting member 11481 is greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the mating hole 51, the first mounting plate 5 can be fitted against the surface of the first sub-mounting member 11481 facing the first mounting plate 5 to seal the mating hole 51. When the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting member 11481 is equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the mating hole 51, the first sub-mounting member 11481 can be fitted against the inner peripheral wall of the mating hole 51.

[0080] By making the size of the mating hole 51 larger than the size of the second sub-mount 11482, the second sub-mount 11482 can release the thermal stress generated by heat, thereby improving the connection reliability between the heat exchange plate 114 and the first mounting plate 5.

[0081] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 8 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection further includes: at least one gas supply pipe 8, multiple neutralizers 11, the multiple neutralizers 11 being configured as at least one set of neutralizer groups 12, the number of gas supply pipes 8 being the same as the number of neutralizer groups 12 and corresponding one-to-one, and the gas supply pipes 8 being used to supply gas to the neutralizers 11 of the corresponding neutralizer group 12.

[0082] The neutralizer 11 can be multiple, and the number of neutralizers 11 can be two, four, six, etc. For example, when there are six neutralizers 11, the six neutralizers 11 can form a neutralizer group 12, or the six neutralizers 11 can be divided into two neutralizer groups 12. Each neutralizer group 12 can include three neutralizers 11. Each neutralizer group 12 can be equipped with a gas supply pipe 8. The number of gas supply pipes 8 can be the same as the number of neutralizer groups 12 and correspond one-to-one. The gas supply pipe 8 can be used to supply gas to the neutralizers 11 of the corresponding neutralizer group 12. The supplied gas can supplement the neutralizers 11 to form a gas target to increase the charge transfer content. The gas target can transfer and collide with the fast ions generated by the ion source 2 to form a neutral particle beam. The formed neutral particle beam can realize auxiliary heating of the controlled nuclear fusion tokamak device. The gas target design scheme has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and has a low cost. By ensuring that the number of air supply pipes 8 and neutralizer groups 12 are the same and correspond one-to-one, air can be supplied to multiple neutralizers 11 through one air supply pipe 8, thereby reducing the number of air supply pipes 8 and the number of components. As some embodiments of this application, each air supply pipe 8 can be controlled by a separate solenoid valve to improve air supply stability.

[0083] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection also includes: multiple mounting bases 91, multiple ion sources 2 and multiple neutralizers 11, with each of the multiple ion sources 2, multiple mounting bases 91 and multiple neutralizers 11 corresponding to one another, and the mounting base 91 being connected between the corresponding ion source 2 and the corresponding neutralizer 11.

[0084] The system includes multiple ion sources 2, neutralizers 11, and mounting bases 91. The number of ion sources 2, neutralizers 11, and mounting bases 91 is the same, and these multiple ion sources 2, mounting bases 91, and neutralizers 11 can correspond one-to-one. Ion sources 2 are fixedly connected to corresponding neutralizers 11 via their respective mounting bases 91. Furthermore, the mounting bases 91 allow for fine-tuning of the position of the ion sources 2 to adjust their relative positions to the neutralizers 11. This provides redundancy and efficiency for system installation and equipment debugging, offers more possibilities for experimental operation and modification, and reduces installation errors, ensuring that the position of the ion sources 2 meets preset requirements so that the beam can be effectively focused in the Tokamaka mainframe.

[0085] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection further includes: a mounting frame 92, a gate valve 93, the gate valve 93 being disposed in the vacuum chamber 3, a plurality of neutralizers 11 being disposed in the gate valve 93, and a plurality of neutralizers 11 being disposed in the mounting frame 92; and / or, the neutralizers 11 and the corresponding mounting bases 91 partially overlap along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143.

[0086] The slide gate valve 93 can be located in the vacuum chamber 3, and multiple neutralizers 11 can be located on the slide gate valve 93. The slide gate valve 93 can control whether the neutralizers 11 are connected to the vacuum chamber 3. When it is necessary to connect the neutralizers 11 to the vacuum chamber 3, the slide gate valve 93 is opened; when it is necessary to disconnect the neutralizers 11 from the vacuum chamber 3, the slide gate valve 93 is closed. This allows the neutralizers 11 to be disassembled for maintenance without breaking the vacuum. Multiple neutralizers 11 can be located on the mounting bracket 92, and multiple neutralizers 11 can be screwed or snapped onto the mounting bracket 92. The mounting bracket 92 can serve as a frame for the neutralizers 11 to support them and improve the installation stability of the neutralizers 11.

[0087] Along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, the neutralizer 11 can partially overlap with the corresponding mounting base 91, which helps to reduce the transmission path. Furthermore, this arrangement can shorten the overall length of the neutralizer system 10 along the extension direction of the beam channel 1143, thereby achieving a miniaturized design and saving space.

[0088] As some embodiments of this application, in the neutralizer system 10, all screw-in locations can be protected by a double seal of fluororubber and lip seals to improve the sealing performance of the neutralizer system 10, reduce the risk of vacuum breakage, and improve the reliability of the neutralizer system 10.

[0089] The working process of the neutralizer system 10 for neutral beam injection in this application is as follows:

[0090] The first step is to supply water to the pipeline assembly 4, open the gate valve 93, and evacuate the vacuum chamber 3 to put the neutralizer 11 into working condition.

[0091] The second step is to start ion source 2 to generate fast ions, which are then led out to neutralizer device 1 through high voltage. Some fast ions collide with the charge of the material target to form a neutral particle beam. The neutral particle beam passes through a deflecting magnet and a drift tube and then converges in the tokamak device to ignite the plasma. Fast ions that are not neutralized can be absorbed by the ion swallower through the deflecting magnet.

[0092] Third, when the neutral particle beam flows into the beam channel 1143, the neutral particle beam will collide with the heat exchange plate 114. Each of the multiple heat exchange plates 114 has a liquid flow channel 1144. A heat exchange medium with a relatively low temperature flows in each of the multiple liquid flow channels 1144. The heat exchange medium can exchange heat with the neutral particle beam to cool the neutral particle beam flowing through the beam channel 1143, thereby reducing the risk that the neutral particle beam will burn or even break through the neutralizer 11.

[0093] As some embodiments of this application, multiple neutralizers 11 are installed at a certain convergence angle.

[0094] It should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0095] In the description of this invention, "first feature" and "second feature" may include one or more of the features.

[0096] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0097] In the description of this invention, the first feature being "above" or "below" the second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or it may include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact through another feature between them.

[0098] In the description of this invention, the terms "above," "over," and "on top" for the first feature and the second feature include the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature.

[0099] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0100] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A neutralizer system for neutral beam injection, characterized in that, include: The device comprises a neutralizer (1), an ion source (2), and a vacuum chamber (3). The neutralizer (1) includes a neutralizer (11), which is located outside and connected to the vacuum chamber (3). The neutralizer (11) includes: A housing (111) defines a receiving space (112); The neutralizer body (113) is housed in the housing space (112) and includes a plurality of heat exchange plates (114). The plurality of heat exchange plates (114) are connected and together define a beam channel (1143). The beam channel (1143) is located between the ion source (2) and the vacuum chamber (3). The heat exchange plates (114) form liquid flow channels (1144), and heat exchange medium can flow in the liquid flow channels (1144). It also includes a gate valve (93), which can control whether the neutralizer (11) is connected to the vacuum chamber (3).

2. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 1, characterized in that, Along the extension direction of the beam channel (1143), the neutralizer body (113) has a first end (115) and a second end (116) opposite to each other, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the beam channel (1143) gradually decreases from the first end (115) to the second end (116).

3. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The heat exchange plate (114) has a rounded chamfer (1149) at the end corresponding to the first end (115).

4. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of heat exchange plates (114) are configured as a plurality of heat exchange plate groups (117), which are arranged around each other to define the beam channel (1143). Each heat exchange plate group (117) includes a plurality of heat exchange plates (114) arranged along the extension direction of the beam channel (1143).

5. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 4, characterized in that, Along the extension direction of the beam channel (1143), there is a gap (118) between two adjacent heat exchange plates (114), the gap (118) includes: a first gap (1181) and a second gap (1182), the first gap (1181) communicates with the second gap (1182), and the first gap (1181) extends along the extension direction of the beam channel (1143).

6. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange plate (114) includes a cover plate (1141) and a bottom plate (1142). The bottom plate (1142) forms the liquid flow channel (1144). The cover plate (1141) is connected to the bottom plate (1142) and covers the liquid flow channel (1144). The cover plate (1141) forms an inlet hole (1145) and an outlet hole (1146). The inlet hole (1145) and the outlet hole (1146) are both connected to the liquid flow channel (1144).

7. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The pipeline assembly (4) includes: multiple liquid inlet branches (41) and multiple liquid return branches (42), the number of liquid inlet holes (1145) of the multiple heat exchange plates (114) is the same as the number of liquid inlet branches (41) and they are connected one-to-one, and the number of liquid outlet holes (1146) of the multiple heat exchange plates (114) is the same as the number of liquid return branches (42) and they are connected one-to-one, so that the multiple liquid flow channels (1144) are connected in parallel.

8. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fluid flow channel (1144) includes: a plurality of first sub-channels (11441) and second sub-channels (11442), the plurality of first sub-channels (11441) are arranged at intervals and are all connected to the second sub-channels (11442), and the surface of the first sub-channels (11441) is an arc surface.

9. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 8, characterized in that, The cover plate (1141) is formed with a strain relief notch (11411), which penetrates the cover plate (1141) along the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate (114).

10. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A plurality of first mounting plates (5), each of which is connected to a plurality of heat exchange plates (114), and at least one second mounting plate (6), which is sleeved on the outside of the plurality of first mounting plates (5) to fix the plurality of first mounting plates (5). The first mounting plates (5) and the second mounting plates (6) are both housed in the housing space (112), and the second mounting plate (6) is connected to the housing (111).

11. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 10, characterized in that, Also includes: Mounting bracket (7), which is housed in the receiving space (112) and connected to the housing (111), and the second mounting plate (6) is connected to the mounting bracket (7).

12. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 10, characterized in that, The plurality of heat exchange plates (114) include at least one top heat exchange plate (1147a), at least one bottom heat exchange plate (1147b), at least one first side heat exchange plate (1147c), and at least one second side heat exchange plate (1147d). The plurality of first mounting plates (5) include a top mounting plate, a bottom mounting plate, a first side mounting plate, and a second side mounting plate. The top mounting plate is connected to the top heat exchange plate (1147a), the bottom mounting plate is connected to the bottom heat exchange plate (1147b), the first side mounting plate is connected to the first side heat exchange plate (1147c), and the second side mounting plate is connected to the second side heat exchange plate (1147d).

13. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 10, characterized in that, The heat exchange plate (114) includes a mounting member (1148), which includes a first sub-mounting member (11481) and a second sub-mounting member (11482). The first sub-mounting member (11481) and the second sub-mounting member (11482) are connected along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the heat exchange plate (114). The cross-sectional area of ​​the second sub-mounting member (11482) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first sub-mounting member (11481). The first mounting plate (5) has a mating hole (51), and the second sub-mounting member (11482) passes through the mating hole (51), and the size of the mating hole (51) is larger than the size of the second sub-mounting member (11482).

14. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, Also includes: At least one air supply pipe (8) is provided, and there are multiple neutralizers (11). The multiple neutralizers (11) are constructed as at least one set of neutralizer groups (12). The number of air supply pipes (8) and the number of neutralizer groups (12) are the same and correspond one-to-one. The air supply pipes (8) are used to supply air to the neutralizers (11) of the corresponding neutralizer group (12).

15. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to any one of claims 1-13, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple mounting bases (91) are provided. There are multiple ion sources (2) and multiple neutralizers (11). The multiple ion sources (2), multiple mounting bases (91), and multiple neutralizers (11) correspond one-to-one. The mounting base (91) is connected between the corresponding ion source (2) and the corresponding neutralizer (11).

16. The neutralizer system for neutral beam injection according to claim 15, characterized in that, Also includes: Mounting bracket (92), the slide valve (93) is located in the vacuum chamber (3), and a plurality of neutralizers (11) are located in the slide valve (93) and the plurality of neutralizers (11) are located in the mounting bracket (92); And / or, the neutralizer (11) and the corresponding mounting base (91) partially coincide along the extension direction of the beam channel (1143).

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