Battery module explosion venting control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery module explosion venting control method, and relates to the field of battery module explosion venting. By combining a battery management system and a battery cell state prediction model, accurate evaluation and timely intervention on the health state of each battery cell are realized; according to the method, key parameters such as voltage, current and temperature of the battery cell can be monitored in real time, and potential safety hazards can be predicted by using an advanced machine learning algorithm; when it is detected that the battery cell is in a serious fault state and the explosion venting valve is not opened, the system can rapidly generate an electric control ignition signal to detonate trace explosive in the puncturing device and accurately puncture the explosion venting valve to rapidly release the internal pressure of the battery cell, and explosion or fire caused by thermal runaway is prevented; compared with a traditional passive explosion venting valve, the active explosion venting mechanism has the advantages that the response speed is greatly increased, the control precision is greatly improved, safety accidents caused by lagging are effectively avoided, and therefore the overall safety and reliability of the battery module are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of battery module explosion venting, and in particular to a battery module explosion venting control method. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy technologies, high-energy-density batteries are widely used, and safety concerns caused by battery thermal runaway are becoming increasingly prominent. During use, when a battery cell in an immersion-cooled battery system malfunctions, it is prone to explosion or fire, posing a serious safety hazard. Furthermore, due to the generally enclosed structure of immersion-cooled battery systems, even if an explosion or change occurs within the battery cell, it is difficult to detect and promptly eliminate the safety hazard, resulting in poor safety.

[0003] In related technologies, battery systems utilize passive explosion relief valves, which automatically open when the internal pressure of a battery cell reaches a certain threshold. These passive explosion relief valves suffer from hysteresis and inaccurate control. This is especially true when the battery cell is immersed in coolant and hydraulic pressure is present above the valve, preventing the valve from opening. This can lead to an explosion due to excessive stored energy, compromising battery system safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Since the passive explosion relief valve control method has the problems of hysteresis and inaccurate control, the present invention proposes an active explosion relief battery module explosion relief control method, wherein the battery module includes one or more battery cells and a puncture device corresponding to each battery cell; each battery cell is provided with an explosion relief valve; the puncture device includes:

[0005] case;

[0006] a piercing member comprising a support member and a piercing member, wherein the support member is movably disposed within the housing, the support member and the inner wall of the housing forming a receiving cavity, the piercing member being located outside the receiving cavity, one end of the piercing member being connected to the support member, and the other end of the piercing member extending outside the housing;

[0007] Explosives are contained in the accommodating cavity, and the explosive energy of the explosives can drive the support member to move toward a side away from the accommodating cavity, thereby increasing the length of the piercing member extending outside the shell;

[0008] The battery module explosion venting control method includes:

[0009] Collecting the operating parameters of multiple battery cells under different operating conditions and obtaining a battery cell status prediction model based on the collected operating parameters; the model outputs the health status level of the battery cell based on the input operating parameters;

[0010] The battery management system monitors the operating parameters of each battery cell in the battery module and the opening status of the explosion relief valve in real time;

[0011] The monitored operating parameters are used as model input, and the health status level of the corresponding battery cell is predicted using the battery cell status prediction model;

[0012] The battery management system determines whether the predicted health status level is a preset level and whether the opening state of the explosion relief valve is not open. If so, an electronically controlled ignition signal is generated, and the explosive contained in the accommodating cavity is detonated by the electrical signal, so that the piercing member pierces the rupture membrane of the explosion relief valve on the corresponding battery cell.

[0013] In one embodiment, the acquisition of the cell state prediction model specifically includes the steps of:

[0014] S1: Collecting operating parameters of multiple battery cells under different operating conditions; the operating parameters include:

[0015] Cell voltage, which includes charging voltage and / or discharging voltage and / or open circuit voltage in a static state;

[0016] Cell current, which includes charging current and / or discharging current and / or self-discharge current in a stationary state;

[0017] Battery cell temperature, which includes the battery cell surface temperature and the battery cell internal temperature;

[0018] S2: Construct multiple training samples based on the collected operating parameters; each training sample includes: time series data and environmental variables of a single battery cell under set operating conditions;

[0019] The time series data includes the cell voltage, cell current and cell temperature discretely collected within a set time period; the environmental variables include ambient temperature and ambient humidity;

[0020] S3: Define the training label of each training sample as the battery cell health level;

[0021] S4: A training set is formed through the defined training samples, and a machine learning model is trained through the training set to obtain a cell state prediction model.

[0022] In one embodiment, the puncture device further includes an ignition component and a wire, a second through hole communicating with the accommodating cavity is provided on the outer wall of the shell, one end of the wire is connected to the explosive, and the other end of the wire passes through the second through hole and is connected to the ignition component.

[0023] In one embodiment, the cell health level includes: healthy, warning, and severe; the preset level is severe;

[0024] The method of determining whether the predicted health status level is a preset level and whether the opening state of the explosion relief valve is not open by the battery management system specifically includes the following steps:

[0025] A1: Determine whether the predicted health status level is severe and whether the explosion relief valve is open. If so, proceed to the next step; if not, jump to step A3.

[0026] A2: Generate an electronically controlled ignition signal and transmit the electrical signal to an ignition component in the puncture device via a wire. The ignition component detonates the explosive contained in the accommodating cavity, thereby driving the support member to move, causing the puncture member to puncture the bursting membrane on the explosion relief valve on the corresponding battery cell;

[0027] A3: Determine whether the predicted health status level is normal. If not, adjust the charge and discharge strategy of the corresponding battery cell based on the real-time monitored operating parameters.

[0028] In one embodiment, adjusting the charge and discharge strategy of the corresponding battery cell includes:

[0029] Adjust the charging current and / or discharging current of the battery cell;

[0030] and / or adjusting the charging voltage and / or discharging voltage of the battery cell;

[0031] and / or suspend the charging and discharging process.

[0032] In one embodiment, the housing includes a bottom plate and side panels connected to each other, the side panels being arranged around the bottom plate, the bottom plate and the support member being spaced apart, and the explosive energy of the explosive can reduce the distance between the bottom plate and the support member;

[0033] The bottom plate is provided with a first through hole for the piercing member to pass through.

[0034] In one embodiment, the puncturing member further includes an elastic member, which is sleeved on the puncturing member, and one end of the elastic member is connected to the supporting member, and the other end of the elastic member is connected to the bottom plate.

[0035] In one embodiment, the puncture device further comprises an arc-shaped plate, wherein the arc-shaped plate is connected to the inner wall of the shell, the arc-shaped plate, the support member and the inner wall of the shell form the accommodating cavity, and the arc-shaped plate protrudes toward a side away from the support member.

[0036] In one embodiment, a side surface of the arc-shaped plate close to the support member is a spherical surface, and the center of the spherical surface is located on the axis of the piercing member on the side close to the support member.

[0037] In one embodiment, the shell is provided with a third through hole communicating with the inside and outside of the shell, and the arc-shaped plate is movably connected to the shell.

[0038] When the explosive is not exploded, the third through hole is located on a side of the arc-shaped plate away from the support member;

[0039] When the explosive explodes, the arc plate moves to a side away from the support member, the third through hole is located on a side of the arc plate close to the support member, and the third through hole is communicated with the accommodating cavity.

[0040] In one embodiment, the puncturing device further includes a pressure relief drive member and a transmission member, wherein the pressure relief drive member is disposed in the housing, the transmission member connects the pressure relief drive member and the arc plate, and the pressure relief drive member drives the arc plate to move axially along the puncturing member through the transmission member.

[0041] In one embodiment, mounting ears are provided on the outer wall of the shell.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0043] (1) The present invention achieves accurate assessment and timely intervention of the health status of each battery cell by combining a battery management system (BMS) with a battery cell status prediction model; this method can not only monitor key parameters of the battery cell such as voltage, current and temperature in real time, but also predict potential safety hazards using advanced machine learning algorithms; when it is detected that the battery cell is in a serious fault state and the explosion relief valve has not yet opened, the system can quickly generate an electronically controlled ignition signal to detonate the trace explosives in the puncture device, accurately puncture the explosion relief valve to quickly release the internal pressure of the battery cell, and prevent explosions or fires caused by thermal runaway; this active explosion relief mechanism greatly improves the response speed and control accuracy compared to traditional passive explosion relief valves, effectively avoids safety accidents caused by hysteresis, and thus significantly improves the overall safety and reliability of the battery module;

[0044] (2) For cells in abnormal states, the system can dynamically adjust the charge and discharge strategy based on the real-time monitored operating parameters to optimize battery performance and prevent the problem from further deteriorating.

[0045] (3) In the puncturing device of the present invention, a receiving chamber is formed by the support member and the inner wall of the shell, one end of the puncturing member is connected to the support member, and the explosive is set in the receiving chamber. The support member is driven to move by the explosive energy, so that the length of the puncturing member extending outside the shell is increased, and the puncturing action of the explosion relief valve bursting membrane can be completed quickly and forcefully;

[0046] (4) In the present invention, the overall structure of the puncture device consists of a housing, a puncture member, and an explosive, etc., and there is no need to design a separate drive structure, which provides a continuous driving force for the movement of the support member, simplifies the structure of the puncture device, and is more compact as a whole;

[0047] (5) In the present invention, the explosive is contained in the accommodating chamber, and the user can adjust factors such as the amount of explosive according to actual needs. The explosive energy can be accurately used to drive the movement of the support member, thereby controlling the extension length of the puncturing member and achieving precise control of the puncturing degree, thereby meeting the usage requirements in different scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the implementation methods or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 2 A perspective view of a partial structure of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 3 A perspective view of a puncture device according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 4 A side view of a puncture device according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 5 for Figure 4 AA section view;

[0054] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a housing according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a flow chart of a battery module explosion venting control method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] Description of reference numerals:

[0057] 100. Frame; 200. Battery cell; 210. Explosion relief valve; 300. Puncture device; 310. Shell; 311. Accommodating chamber; 312. Bottom plate; 313. Side panel; 314. First through hole; 315. Third through hole; 316. Mounting ear; 320. Puncture member; 321. Support member; 322. Puncture member; 323. Elastic member; 330. Explosive; 340. Wire; 350. Arc plate; 360. Pressure relief drive member; 370. Transmission member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings to further describe the technical solutions of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The battery module of the present application includes a frame 100, a battery cell 200, and a puncture device 300. The frame 100 has a storage cavity, and the battery cell 200 is stored in the storage cavity. The frame 100 is entirely immersed in a coolant, and the coolant immerses the storage cavity to achieve immersion cooling heat dissipation of the battery cell 200. The puncture device 300 is movably disposed within the frame 100 and is used to puncture the explosion relief valve 210 of the battery cell 200 to allow coolant to enter the battery cell 200 through the puncture hole to cool the interior of the battery cell 200 and reduce the pressure, thereby eliminating safety hazards, avoiding fire or explosion, and improving the safety of the battery module.

[0061] The battery module includes a battery management system and multiple battery cells 200 connected in series and parallel. The battery management system monitors and manages the battery's charge and discharge processes to ensure safety and stable performance. The number of battery cells 200 corresponds to the number of puncture devices 300, and each battery cell 200 is equipped with an explosion relief valve 210.

[0062] The explosion relief valve 210 consists of a valve body, a bursting disc (or rupture disk), a holder, a valve cover, and a weight. The bursting disc, a core component, is mounted in the center of the holder and bolted to the valve body. When the internal pressure of the battery cell 200 exceeds the set value, the bursting disc reaches its rupture strength and ruptures instantly, creating a pressure relief channel.

[0063] However, when the battery cell 200 is cooled using immersion cooling, the surface of the explosion relief valve 210 is immersed in oil, which has a much higher density than air. When the battery cell 200 experiences thermal runaway, the explosion relief valve 210, which is originally exposed to air, can open as long as the internal pressure of the battery cell 200 exceeds the design pressure of the explosion relief valve 210's rupture disk. However, when the battery cell 200 is immersed in coolant, the surface of the explosion relief valve 210 is subjected to the coolant pressure. When the battery cell 200 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature gas inside is absorbed by the coolant, causing the internal pressure of the battery cell 200 to decrease, making it impossible for the explosion relief valve 210 to open. When the explosion relief valve 210 opens in the immersed battery cell 200, the internal pressure is often very high, resulting in a very strong explosion. Furthermore, the pressures on the upper and lower battery cells 200 are unequal, resulting in uneven opening pressures for the explosion relief valve 210. The lower the explosion relief valve 210, the harder it is to open. This can lead to excessive energy storage in the battery cell 200, resulting in explosion and poor battery system safety.

[0064] refer to Figure 3-Figure 6 The present application provides a puncturing device 300 , comprising a housing 310 , a puncturing member 320 and an explosive 330 .

[0065] Housing 310 serves as the integral support for lancing device 300 and provides internal mounting space. Housing 310 can be made of a metal material, such as aluminum alloy or stainless steel, to ensure sufficient strength and durability. Housing 310 can be cylindrical, square, or other suitable shapes.

[0066] The piercing member 320 includes a support member 321 and a piercing member 322. The support member 321 is movably disposed within the housing 310. The support member 321 and the inner wall of the housing 310 define a receiving chamber 311. The piercing member 322 is located outside the receiving chamber 311. One end of the piercing member 322 is connected to the support member 321, and the other end of the piercing member 322 extends outside the housing 310. The support member 321 is movable within the housing 310, and the movement of the support member 321 drives the movement of the piercing member 322. The support member 321 may be disc-shaped, square-shaped, or other suitable shape. Its dimensions are compatible with the interior of the housing 310, allowing it to move freely within the housing 310. The piercing member 322 may be made of a hard metal material, such as high-strength steel, to ensure sufficient hardness and sharpness to effectively pierce the target object. The piercing member 322 may be shaped like a needle, cone, or other suitable shape.

[0067] Explosive 330 is housed within chamber 311. The explosive energy of explosive 330 drives support member 321 away from chamber 311, increasing the length of piercing member 322 extending from housing 310. The explosion of explosive 330 generates gas pressure, which pushes support member 321 outward, driving piercing member 322 further out of housing 310. This increased length allows piercing member 322 to pierce the rupture membrane of explosion relief valve 210, thereby reducing the temperature and pressure within battery cell 200. Explosive 330 can be an explosive such as TNT or RDX.

[0068] The puncturing device 300 provided herein uses the explosive energy of the explosive 330 to drive the movement of the support member 321, thereby increasing the length of the puncturing member 322 extending outside the housing 310 and enabling rapid and powerful puncturing of the bursting membrane. The puncturing device 300, comprising the housing 310, the puncturing member 320, and the explosive 330, eliminates the need for a separate drive structure, providing a continuous driving force for the movement of the support member 321. This simplifies the structure of the puncturing device 300 and makes it more compact overall. The explosive 330 is housed within the accommodating chamber 311, allowing the user to adjust factors such as the amount of explosive 330 used according to actual needs. The explosive energy can be precisely used to drive the movement of the support member 321, thereby controlling the extension length of the puncturing member 322 and achieving precise control of the degree of puncture, meeting the requirements of different scenarios.

[0069] The housing 310 includes a connected bottom plate 312 and side panels 313. The side panels 313 surround the bottom plate 312 to form an enclosed space. The bottom plate 312 and support member 321 are spaced apart, maintaining a certain distance between them. This allows the support member 321 to move toward the bottom plate 312 after the explosive 330 detonates. The explosive energy of the explosive 330 reduces the distance between the bottom plate 312 and support member 321. The bottom plate 312 is provided with a first through-hole 314 for the piercing member 322 to pass through. The size of the first through-hole 314 matches the cross-sectional dimensions of the piercing member 322, allowing the piercing member 322 to pass smoothly through the first through-hole 314 while maintaining a certain stability to prevent the piercing member 322 from shifting during movement.

[0070] Piercing member 320 further includes an elastic member 323, which is sleeved over piercing member 322. One end of elastic member 323 is connected to support member 321, and the other end of elastic member 323 is connected to base plate 312. Elastic member 323, which may be a spring or other elastic element, is used to maintain the stable position of support member 321 and piercing member 322 before explosive 330 explodes, and to provide elastic force to reset piercing member 322 after explosive 330 explodes.

[0071] In one embodiment, lancing device 300 further includes an ignition component (not shown) and a wire 340. The ignition component is used to detonate explosive 330 and may be an electric detonator, percussion cap, or the like. A second through-hole (not shown) communicating with accommodating cavity 311 is provided on the outer wall of housing 310. The size of the second through-hole is adapted to the diameter of wire 340, allowing it to pass smoothly through the second through-hole. One end of wire 340 is connected to explosive 330, while the other end of wire 340 passes through the second through-hole and connects to the ignition component, forming a complete ignition circuit.

[0072] The explosive 330 is ignited electronically, and an electrical signal triggers an ignition component to detonate the explosive 330 , thereby achieving a rapid response of the piercing member 322 .

[0073] The puncturing device 300 also includes a curved plate 350, which is connected to the inner wall of the housing 310. The curved plate 350, the support member 321, and the inner wall of the housing 310 define a receiving chamber 311. The curved plate 350 protrudes toward the side away from the support member 321. The curved plate 350 can be made of a metal material, such as steel or aluminum alloy, to ensure sufficient strength and durability. The curved plate 350 is curved or spherical in shape, with its protruding side facing away from the support member 321. This design allows the energy generated by the explosion of the explosive 330 to be more concentrated on the support member 321, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0074] In one embodiment, the side of the curved plate 350 near the support member 321 is spherical, with the center of the sphere located on the axis of the piercing member 322 near the support member 321. This spherical surface allows the energy generated by the explosion of the explosive 330 to act more concentratedly on the support member 321 and transfer the energy along the axis of the piercing member 322, thereby improving the piercing effect of the piercing member 322.

[0075] The housing 310 is provided with a third through-hole 315 that connects the inside and outside of the housing 310. The curved plate 350 is movably connected to the housing 310 and can be displaced after the explosive 330 explodes. When the explosive 330 does not explode, the third through-hole 315 is located on the side of the curved plate 350 away from the support member 321, allowing the explosive 330 to be contained within the enclosed accommodating chamber 311. After the explosive 330 explodes, the curved plate 350 moves away from the support member 321, and the third through-hole 315 is located on the side of the curved plate 350 closer to the support member 321, connecting the third through-hole 315 to the accommodating chamber 311. Specifically, the third through-hole 315 is used to release the gas generated by the explosion of the explosive 330 after the explosion, preventing excessive pressure within the housing 310 from causing the support member 321 and the piercing member 322 to become stuck in the explosion relief valve 210.

[0076] The piercing device 300 also includes a pressure relief driver 360 and a transmission member 370. The pressure relief driver 360 is disposed within the housing 310 and is used to drive the curved plate 350 to move after the explosive 330 explodes, thereby connecting the third through-hole 315 with the accommodating chamber 311. The transmission member 370 connects the pressure relief driver 360 and the curved plate 350, driving the curved plate 350 to move axially along the piercing member 322. The pressure relief driver 360 can be pneumatic or electric. The transmission member 370 connects the pressure relief driver 360 and the curved plate 350 to transmit the driving force of the pressure relief driver 360, thereby causing the curved plate 350 to move.

[0077] It should be noted that under normal circumstances, the pressure relief actuator 360 is inactive. It only activates when the piercing member 322 completes its piercing action and becomes stuck in the bursting disc. Furthermore, after the explosive 330 explodes, while the piercing member 322 continues to extend out of the housing 310, the pressure relief actuator 360 also does not activate, as the curved plate 350 remains locked under the support of the transmission member 370. If, 0.5 seconds after the explosive 330 explodes, the piercing member 322 becomes stuck in the bursting disc, the pressure relief actuator 360 activates, pulling the curved plate 350 upward via the transmission member 370, expelling the gas generated by the explosive 330 within the accommodating chamber 311 and facilitating the return of the piercing member 322 under the action of the elastic member 323.

[0078] In this embodiment, to ensure that the piercing member 322 successfully completes the puncturing action, a linear displacement sensor is mounted on the support member 321 to monitor the position changes of the piercing member 322 in real time. Upon detonation of the explosive 330, the piercing member 322 rapidly moves outward to puncture the bursting disc of the explosion relief valve. The linear displacement sensor continuously collects position data of the piercing member 322 and transmits this data in real time to the battery management system (BMS) via a signal transmission line. The BMS analyzes this data based on a preset time window (e.g., 0.5 seconds) and an expected position threshold. If the piercing member 322 fails to reach the predetermined position within the set time, or if its position changes stagnate, the BMS determines that the piercing member 322 may be stuck in the bursting disc. In this case, the BMS generates a corresponding control signal, triggering the pressure relief driver 360 to operate. This, through the transmission member 370, pulls the curved plate 350 upward, expelling the explosive gas within the accommodating chamber 311 and resetting the piercing member 322, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the system. This real-time monitoring and automatic response mechanism effectively improves the system's fault handling capabilities and ensures the safe operation of the battery module.

[0079] In one embodiment, mounting ears 316 are provided on the outer wall of the housing 310. The mounting ears 316 are used to secure the puncture device 300 to a desired location, such as the battery module frame 100. The mounting ears 316 may be provided with mounting holes for securing the puncture device 300 with bolts, rivets, or other fasteners.

[0080] The puncturing device 300 of the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a battery module. When an abnormality occurs in the battery cell 200, such as overcharging, over-discharging, short circuit, etc., the puncturing member 322 of the puncturing device 300 punctures the explosion relief valve 210 of the battery cell 200 to release the pressure inside the battery cell 200, thereby preventing the battery cell 200 from exploding and ensuring the safety of the battery module.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] The passive explosion relief valve control method has the problems of lag and inaccurate control, such as Figure 7 As shown, this embodiment provides an active explosion venting battery module explosion venting control method, wherein the battery module includes one or more battery cells 200 and the puncture device described in the first embodiment corresponding to the battery cells 200; each battery cell 200 is provided with an explosion venting valve 210;

[0083] The battery module explosion venting control method includes:

[0084] Collecting the operating parameters of multiple battery cells under different operating conditions and obtaining a battery cell status prediction model based on the collected operating parameters; the model outputs the health status level of the battery cell based on the input operating parameters;

[0085] The acquisition of the cell state prediction model specifically includes the following steps:

[0086] S1: Collecting operating parameters of multiple battery cells under different operating conditions; the operating parameters include:

[0087] Cell voltage, which includes charging voltage and / or discharging voltage and / or open circuit voltage in a static state; wherein:

[0088] Charging voltage refers to the voltage applied by the external power supply to both ends of the battery cell during the charging process;

[0089] Discharge voltage refers to the actual voltage of the battery cell when supplying power to the load;

[0090] Open circuit voltage: refers to the voltage of the battery cell in a static state (neither charging nor discharging), usually used to evaluate the battery's state of charge.

[0091] Cell current, which includes charging current and / or discharging current and / or self-discharge current in a static state; wherein:

[0092] Self-discharge refers to the phenomenon that the battery's charge gradually decreases due to internal chemical reactions when the battery is in an open circuit state. This phenomenon causes the battery voltage to slowly drop;

[0093] Charging current refers to the current flowing into the battery cell when the battery cell is being charged.

[0094] Discharge current refers to the current flowing out of the battery cell when the battery cell is powering an external device.

[0095] In battery management systems, monitoring self-discharge current is a crucial component of assessing battery health. Abnormally high self-discharge may indicate a battery problem. While self-discharge current values ​​may be small when training a model, they are still an important indicator of battery health and can help the model more fully understand battery behavior.

[0096] Battery cell temperature, which includes the battery cell surface temperature and the battery cell internal temperature;

[0097] S2: Construct multiple training samples based on the collected operating parameters; each training sample includes: time series data and environmental variables of a single battery cell under set operating conditions;

[0098] The time series data includes the cell voltage, cell current and cell temperature discretely collected within a set time period; the environmental variables include ambient temperature and ambient humidity;

[0099] Specifically, time series data includes cell voltage, cell current, and cell temperature over a period of time (e.g., collected once per second or once per minute) to capture dynamic changes. Even when not charging or discharging, the cell's self-discharge current and open-circuit voltage at rest are also recorded.

[0100] It should be noted that the reason for constructing training samples through cell voltage, cell current and cell temperature is:

[0101] The cell voltage can reflect overcharge or overdischarge conditions, preventing damage to the cell due to excessively high or low voltage.

[0102] Cell current helps identify abnormal high current events such as short circuits or improper usage conditions.

[0103] Battery cell temperature is an important means of preventing thermal runaway, because excessively high temperature may be a precursor to runaway chemical reactions inside the battery cell.

[0104] S3: Define the training label of each training sample as the battery cell health level;

[0105] S4: A training set is formed through the defined training samples, and a machine learning model is trained through the training set to obtain a cell state prediction model.

[0106] In this embodiment, the machine learning model can be a random forest, a support vector machine, or a deep learning network such as LSTM.

[0107] The battery management system monitors the operating parameters of each battery cell 200 and the opening status of the explosion relief valve 210 in the battery module in real time;

[0108] It should be noted that when the pressure or temperature of the battery cell 200 reaches a preset threshold value and the explosion relief valve 210 is passively opened, there is no need to actively start the puncture device. The method of the present invention is mainly used when the battery cell is immersed in coolant and there is hydraulic pressure on the upper layer of the battery cell explosion relief valve, and the explosion relief valve often cannot be opened accurately. In order to ensure that the battery management system can accurately detect whether the explosion relief valve 210 has been opened and determine the control strategy (steps A1 to A3) accordingly, a battery management system (BMS) is usually required for monitoring and control.

[0109] The detection of whether the explosion relief valve 210 is open can be achieved in the following ways:

[0110] 1. Install a pressure sensor inside or near the battery cell to monitor the pressure changes inside the battery cell in real time.

[0111] When the explosion relief valve 210 is triggered and opened, the pressure inside the battery cell will drop rapidly. This pressure change (the change value exceeds the set threshold) can be used as a sign that the explosion relief valve 210 is opened.

[0112] 2. Monitor the temperature changes of the battery cells by installing temperature sensors inside or outside the battery cells.

[0113] If the temperature suddenly rises and then drops sharply, that is, the temperature difference within the preset time period exceeds the set value, it means that the explosion relief valve 210 has been opened, releasing the high-temperature gas inside.

[0114] The battery management system can determine whether the explosion relief valve 210 is opened by monitoring changes in these parameters.

[0115] The monitored operating parameters are used as model input, and the health status level of the corresponding battery cell is predicted using the battery cell status prediction model;

[0116] The battery management system determines whether the predicted health status level is a preset level and whether the opening state of the explosion relief valve 210 is not open. If so, an electronically controlled ignition signal is generated, and the explosive 330 contained in the accommodating cavity 311 is detonated by the electrical signal, so that the piercing member 322 pierces the rupture membrane of the explosion relief valve 210 on the corresponding battery cell.

[0117] The battery cell health levels include: healthy, warning and serious; the preset level is serious;

[0118] In this embodiment:

[0119] Healthy: Indicates that the battery cell is in normal working condition and does not require any intervention.

[0120] Warning: Indicates that a minor abnormality has occurred in the battery cell and the battery management system (BMS) needs to adjust the charge and discharge strategy to restore normal status.

[0121] Serious: Indicates that there is a major risk to the battery cell, such as impending thermal runaway or other situations that may lead to safety accidents. At this time, immediate measures must be taken, such as activating the puncture device to achieve active explosion relief when the explosion relief valve 210 is not passively opened.

[0122] The method of determining whether the predicted health status level is a preset level and whether the opening state of the explosion relief valve is not open by the battery management system specifically includes the following steps:

[0123] A1: Determine whether the predicted health status level is serious and whether the opening state of the explosion relief valve 210 is not open. If so, proceed to the next step; if not, jump to step A3;

[0124] A2: Generates an electronically controlled ignition signal and transmits the signal to an ignition component in the puncturing device via a wire. The ignition component detonates the explosive contained in the accommodating cavity 311, thereby driving the support member 321 to move, causing the puncturing member 322 to puncture the bursting membrane on the explosion relief valve 210 on the corresponding battery cell;

[0125] A3: Determine whether the predicted health status level is normal. If not, adjust the charge and discharge strategy of the corresponding battery cell based on the real-time monitored operating parameters.

[0126] The adjustment of the charge and discharge strategy of the corresponding battery cell includes:

[0127] Adjust the charging current and / or discharging current of the battery cell;

[0128] and / or adjusting the charging voltage and / or discharging voltage of the battery cell;

[0129] and / or suspend the charging and discharging process.

[0130] In this embodiment, step A3 specifically includes:

[0131] If the health status level is normal, maintain the current operating parameters and continue routine monitoring;

[0132] If the health status level is warning or serious but the explosion relief valve is open, the event is recorded and the charge and discharge strategy of the corresponding battery cell is adjusted: the charge and discharge process of the battery cell is stopped;

[0133] If the health status level is warning and the explosion relief valve is not open, the charge and discharge strategy of the corresponding battery cell is adjusted according to the real-time monitored operating parameters: the charging current and / or discharge current of the battery cell is adjusted; and / or the charging voltage and / or discharge voltage of the battery cell is adjusted.

[0134] In this embodiment, the operating parameters of each battery cell in the battery module obtained by the battery management system in real time monitoring will be uploaded to the back-end platform (such as a central processing unit or the cloud). The back-end platform processes and stores the latest data in real time through streaming data processing technology to ensure the timeliness and integrity of the data. In order to further improve the data quality, the back-end platform will also pre-process the data to remove noise and outliers, thereby providing high-quality input for subsequent model optimization. This real-time data upload and processing mechanism is the basis for dynamic updates, ensuring that the model can continuously reflect the actual health status of the battery cell.

[0135] To adapt to the effects of cell aging or other changes, the backend platform regularly optimizes the cell status prediction model using this real-time uploaded data. At regular intervals (e.g., weekly or monthly), the backend platform adds new data to the existing training set and retrains or fine-tunes the model. During retraining, the platform uses incremental learning, fine-tuning the existing model only with the newly added data, reducing computing resource consumption and accelerating updates.

[0136] Through this periodic model optimization and adaptive adjustment, we can effectively respond to changing trends in battery cell performance, ensure that the model can still maintain high-precision prediction capabilities during long-term use, and promptly detect potential safety hazards.

[0137] The present invention achieves accurate assessment and timely intervention of the health status of each battery cell by combining the battery management system (BMS) with the battery cell status prediction model; this method can not only monitor the key parameters of the battery cell such as voltage, current and temperature in real time, but also use advanced machine learning algorithms to predict potential safety hazards; when it is detected that the battery cell 200 is in a serious fault state and the explosion relief valve 210 has not yet been opened, the system can quickly generate an electronically controlled ignition signal to detonate the trace explosives in the puncture device, accurately puncture the explosion relief valve 210 to quickly release the internal pressure of the battery cell, and prevent explosions or fires caused by thermal runaway; compared with traditional passive explosion relief valves, this active explosion relief mechanism greatly improves the response speed and control accuracy, effectively avoids safety accidents caused by lags, and thus significantly improves the overall safety and reliability of the battery module.

[0138] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0139] In addition, in the present invention, descriptions such as "first," "second," and "one" are for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply their relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0140] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can mean fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will be able to understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0141] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module explosion venting control method, characterized in that: The battery module includes one or more battery cells and a puncture device corresponding to each battery cell; each battery cell is provided with an explosion relief valve; the puncture device includes: case; a piercing member comprising a support member and a piercing member, wherein the support member is movably disposed within the housing, the support member and the inner wall of the housing forming a receiving cavity, the piercing member being located outside the receiving cavity, one end of the piercing member being connected to the support member, and the other end of the piercing member extending outside the housing; Explosives are contained in the accommodating cavity, and the explosive energy of the explosives can drive the support member to move toward a side away from the accommodating cavity, thereby increasing the length of the piercing member extending outside the shell; The battery module explosion venting control method includes: Collecting the operating parameters of multiple battery cells under different operating conditions and obtaining a battery cell status prediction model based on the collected operating parameters; the model outputs the health status level of the battery cell based on the input operating parameters; The battery management system monitors the operating parameters of each battery cell in the battery module and the opening status of the explosion relief valve in real time; The monitored operating parameters are used as model input, and the health status level of the corresponding battery cell is predicted using the battery cell status prediction model; The battery management system determines whether the predicted health status level is a preset level and whether the opening state of the explosion relief valve is not open. If so, an electronically controlled ignition signal is generated, and the explosive contained in the accommodating cavity is detonated by the electrical signal, so that the piercing member pierces the rupture membrane of the explosion relief valve on the corresponding battery cell.

2. A battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition of the cell state prediction model specifically includes the following steps: S1: Collecting operating parameters of multiple battery cells under different operating conditions; the operating parameters include: Cell voltage, which includes charging voltage and / or discharging voltage and / or open circuit voltage in a static state; Cell current, which includes charging current and / or discharging current and / or self-discharge current in a stationary state; Battery cell temperature, which includes the battery cell surface temperature and the battery cell internal temperature; S2: Construct multiple training samples based on the collected operating parameters; each training sample includes: time series data and environmental variables of a single battery cell under set operating conditions; The time series data includes the cell voltage, cell current and cell temperature discretely collected within a set time period; the environmental variables include ambient temperature and ambient humidity; S3: Define the training label of each training sample as the battery cell health level; S4: A training set is formed through the defined training samples, and a machine learning model is trained through the training set to obtain a cell state prediction model.

3. A battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncture device also includes an ignition component and a wire. A second through hole connected to the accommodating cavity is provided on the outer wall of the shell. One end of the wire is connected to the explosive, and the other end of the wire passes through the second through hole and is connected to the ignition component.

4. A battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The battery cell health levels include: healthy, warning and serious; the preset level is serious; The method of determining whether the predicted health status level is a preset level and whether the opening state of the explosion relief valve is not open by the battery management system specifically includes the following steps: A1: Determine whether the predicted health status level is severe and whether the explosion relief valve is open. If so, proceed to the next step; if not, jump to step A3. A2: Generate an electronically controlled ignition signal and transmit the electrical signal to an ignition component in the puncture device via a wire. The ignition component detonates the explosive contained in the accommodating cavity, thereby driving the support member to move, causing the puncture member to puncture the bursting membrane on the explosion relief valve on the corresponding battery cell; A3: Determine whether the predicted health status level is normal. If not, adjust the charge and discharge strategy of the corresponding battery cell based on the real-time monitored operating parameters.

5. A battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment of the charge and discharge strategy of the corresponding battery cell includes: Adjust the charging current and / or discharging current of the battery cell; and / or adjusting the charging voltage and / or discharging voltage of the battery cell; and / or suspend the charging and discharging process.

6. A battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing includes a bottom plate and side panels connected to each other, the side panels being arranged around the bottom plate, the bottom plate and the support member being spaced apart, and the explosive energy of the explosive can reduce the distance between the bottom plate and the support member; The bottom plate is provided with a first through hole for the piercing member to pass through.

7. A battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The puncturing member further includes an elastic member, which is sleeved on the puncturing member, and one end of the elastic member is connected to the supporting member, and the other end of the elastic member is connected to the bottom plate.

8. The battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncture device further includes an arc-shaped plate connected to the inner wall of the shell. The arc-shaped plate, the support member and the inner wall of the shell form the accommodating cavity, and the arc-shaped plate protrudes toward a side away from the support member.

9. A battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: A side surface of the arc-shaped plate close to the support member is a spherical surface, and the center of the spherical surface is located on the axis of the piercing member on the side close to the support member.

10. A battery module explosion venting control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The shell is provided with a third through hole communicating with the inside and outside of the shell, and the arc plate is movably connected to the shell. When the explosive is not exploded, the third through hole is located on a side of the arc-shaped plate away from the support member; When the explosive explodes, the arc plate moves to a side away from the support member, the third through hole is located on a side of the arc plate close to the support member, and the third through hole is communicated with the accommodating cavity.

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