Organic compound, light-emitting element, electronic device, and electronic apparatus

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic compound, a light-emitting element, an electronic device, and an electronic apparatus. Disclosed is a light emitting element including: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a light-emitting layer, the intermediate layer containing boron (B) and including an organic compound satisfying formula 1: lt; the formula is 1gt; kISC / kRISC < = 10, in the formula 1, kISC is an intersystem crossing speed constant, and kRISC is an inverse intersystem crossing speed constant.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an organic compound, a light-emitting element including the organic compound, and an electronic device including the light-emitting element. Background Art

[0002] Among light-emitting elements, self-luminous elements (eg, organic light-emitting elements) not only have a wide viewing angle and excellent contrast, but also have a fast response speed and excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics.

[0003] A light-emitting element may include a first electrode, a hole transport region, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode, arranged in sequence. Holes injected from the first electrode may pass through the hole transport region and transfer to the light-emitting layer. Electrons injected from the second electrode may pass through the electron injection layer in the electron transport region and transfer to the light-emitting layer. Carriers such as the holes and electrons may recombine in the light-emitting layer to generate excitons. As the excitons transfer from an excited state to a ground state, light may be generated. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Provided are an organic compound with accelerated inverse intersystem crossing velocity and lowest singlet excited state luminescence velocity, a light-emitting element comprising the organic compound and having improved luminescence efficiency and lifespan, and an electronic device comprising the light-emitting element and having improved display quality.

[0005] According to one aspect, a light-emitting element is provided, including: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including a light-emitting layer, wherein the intermediate layer contains boron and an organic compound that satisfies the following formula 1:

[0006] <Formula 1>

[0007] k ISC / k RISC ≤10

[0008] In the formula 1,

[0009] k ISC is the intersystem crossing velocity constant,

[0010] k RISC is the inverse intersystem crossing velocity constant.

[0011] According to another aspect, an electronic device including the light emitting element is provided.

[0012] According to yet another aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising the light-emitting element, wherein the electronic device is one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, indoor or outdoor lighting and / or signaling, a head-up display, a fully transparent or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a phone, a portable phone, a tablet computer, a tablet phone, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall comprising a plurality of displays stitched together, a theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a plaque.

[0013] According to yet another aspect, an organic compound is provided, containing boron and satisfying Formula 1.

[0014] Compared to boron-containing compounds that do not satisfy Formula 1, boron-containing organic compounds that appropriately have both short charge transfer (short CT) characteristics and long charge transfer (long CT) characteristics and satisfy at least Formula 1 among Formulas 1 to 8 may have a relatively high k r S and relatively high k RISC , and has an oscillator strength f value similar to that of the boron-containing compound. Therefore, when the boron-containing organic compound satisfies Formula 1, triplet excitons can be relatively quickly captured as singlet excitons, and the singlet excitons can relatively quickly transfer to the ground state to emit light.

[0015] Description of Reference Numerals

[0016] Figure 1 is an energy level diagram of an organic compound at room temperature according to an implementation example.

[0017] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a light emitting element according to an implementation example of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an implementation example of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to another implementation example of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 is a perspective view schematically showing an electronic device including a light emitting element according to an implementation example of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 61 is a diagram schematically showing the exterior of a vehicle as an electronic device including a light emitting element according to an implementation example of the present invention.

[0022] Figures 7a to 7c is a diagram schematically illustrating the interior of an example vehicle according to various implementations of the present invention.

[0023] (Explanation of Reference Numerals)

[0024] 10: Light-emitting element 110: First electrode

[0025] 120: hole transport region 130: light emitting layer

[0026] 140: Electron transport region 150: Second electrode DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] According to one aspect, an organic compound is provided, comprising boron (B) and satisfying the following formula 1:

[0028] <Formula 1>

[0029] k ISC / k RISC ≤10

[0030] In the formula 1,

[0031] k ISC is the intersystem crossing velocity constant,

[0032] k RISC is the inverse intersystem crossing velocity constant.

[0033] That is, the organic compound is clearly different from a compound not containing boron (B).

[0034] According to an implementation example, k ISC / k RISC It can be less than 10, 9.5 or less, less than 9.5, 9.0 or less, less than 9.0, 8.5 or less, less than 8.5, 8.0 or less, or less than 8.0.

[0035] According to an implementation example, k ISC / k RISC It may be 1.0 or more, greater than 1.0, 2.0 or more, greater than 2.0, 3.0 or more, greater than 3.0, 4.0 or more, greater than 4.0, 5.0 or more, or greater than 5.0.

[0036] According to an implementation example, k ISC / k RISC It can be 1.0 to 10, 1.5 to 9.5, 2.0 to 9.0, 2.5 to 8.5, 3.0 to 8.0, or 4.0 to 8.0.

[0037] Figure 1 is an energy level diagram of an organic compound at room temperature according to an implementation example. Figure 1 The organic compound may have a ground state (S0), a lowest singlet excited state (S1), and a lowest triplet excited state (T1). The energy difference between the lowest singlet excited state (S1) and the lowest triplet excited state (T1) can be expressed as ΔE ST express.

[0038] Excitons in the lowest singlet excited state (S1) can undergo intersystem crossing (ISC) to luminescence, non-luminescence, and the lowest triplet excited state (T1). Excitons in the lowest triplet excited state (T1) can also undergo reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) to non-luminescence and the lowest singlet excited state (S1).

[0039] The radiative rate constant of the lowest singlet excited state (S1) can be expressed as k r S The non-luminescent extinction rate constant of the lowest singlet excited state (S1) can be expressed as k nr S The intersystem crossing rate constant of the lowest singlet excited state (S1) can be expressed as k ISC The non-luminescent disappearance rate constant of the lowest triplet excited state (T1) can be expressed as k nr T The reverse intersystem crossing rate constant of the lowest triplet excited state (T1) can be expressed as k RISC express.

[0040] The situation where the exciton converted to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) of the organic compound does not intersystem cross to the lowest triplet excited state (T1) but transfers to the ground state (S0) to emit light can be called prompt fluorescence (PF).

[0041] The situation in which the exciton converted to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) of the organic compound undergoes intersystem crossing to the lowest triplet excited state (T1) and then transfers to the ground state (S0) through reverse intersystem crossing to the lowest singlet excited state (S1) to emit light can be called delayed fluorescence (DF).

[0042] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may contain at least one nitrogen (N). For example, the organic compound may include a heterocyclic group containing boron and nitrogen as ring atoms.

[0043] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may contain at least one oxygen (O). For example, the organic compound may include a heterocyclic group containing boron and oxygen as ring atoms.

[0044] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may further satisfy at least one of the following formula 2 and formula 3:

[0045] <Formula 2>

[0046] k ISC ≥10 5 s -1

[0047] <Formula 3>

[0048] k RISC ≥10 5 s -1 .

[0049] For example, the organic compound may satisfy both Formula 2 and Formula 3.

[0050] According to an implementation example, k ISC Can be greater than 10 5 s -1 , 5×10 5 s -1 Above, greater than 5×10 5 s -1 , 10 6 s -1 Above, greater than 10 6 s -1 , 2.5×10 6 s -1 Above or greater than 2.5×10 6 s -1 In addition, k ISC It can be 5×10 8 s -1 Below, less than 5×10 8 s -1 , 10 8 s -1 Below, less than 10 8 s -1 , 5×10 7 s -1 Below, less than 5×10 7 s -1 , 10 7 s -1Below, less than 10 7 s -1 , 5×10 6 s -1 Below, less than 5×10 6 s -1 or 3×10 6 s -1 the following.

[0051] According to an implementation example, k RISC Can be greater than 10 4 s -1 , 5×10 4 s -1 Above, greater than 5×10 4 s -1 , 10 5 s -1 Above, greater than 10 5 s -1 , 2×10 5 s -1 Above or greater than 2×10 5 s -1 In addition, k RISC It can be 5×10 7 s -1 Below, less than 5×10 7 s -1 , 10 7 s -1 Below, less than 10 7 s -1 , 5×10 6 s -1 Below, less than 5×10 6 s -1 , 10 6 s -1 Below, less than 10 6 s -1 , 5×10 5 s -1 Less than or less than 5×10 5 s -1 .

[0052] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may further satisfy at least one of the following formula 4 and formula 5:

[0053] <Formula 4>

[0054] k r S >k ISC

[0055] <Formula 5>

[0056] kr S >k RISC

[0057] In the formula 4 and the formula 5,

[0058] k r S is the luminescence rate constant of the lowest singlet excited state.

[0059] For example, the organic compound may satisfy both Formula 4 and Formula 5.

[0060] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may further satisfy the following formula 6:

[0061] <Formula 6>

[0062] k r S ≥10 7 s -1

[0063] In the formula 6,

[0064] k r S is the luminescence rate constant of the lowest singlet excited state.

[0065] According to an implementation example, k r S Can be greater than 10 6 s -1 , 5×10 6 s -1 Above, greater than 5×10 6 s -1 , 10 7 s -1 Above, greater than 10 7 s -1 , 5×10 7 s -1 Above, greater than 5×10 7 s -1 or 8×10 7 s -1 above.

[0066] According to an implementation example, k r S It can be 5×10 9 s -1 Below, less than 5×10 9 s -1 , 10 9 s -1 Below, less than 10 9 s -1, 5×10 8 s -1 Below, less than 5×10 8 s -1 , 10 8 s -1 Below or less than 10 8 s -1 .

[0067] For example, the organic compound may satisfy the following formula 2-1:

[0068] <Formula 2-1>

[0069] k r S ≥10 7 s -1 >k ISC ≥10 5 s -1 .

[0070] For example, the organic compound may satisfy the following formula 3-1:

[0071] <Formula 3-1>

[0072] k r S ≥10 7 s -1 >k RISC ≥10 5 s -1 .

[0073] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may further satisfy the following formula 7:

[0074] <Formula 7>

[0075] Φ PF / (Φ PF +Φ DF )≥90%

[0076] In the above formula 7,

[0077] Φ PF is the prompt fluorescence photoluminescence quantum yield (PF PLQY),

[0078] Φ DF is the photoluminescence quantum yield of delayed fluorescence (delayed fluorescence PLQY; DF PLQY).

[0079] The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) can be obtained by measuring a film including the organic compound. For example, the film may include the organic compound and a host (for example, the second compound and / or the third compound described below). The PLQY of the organic compound is related to the Φ PF and Φ DF Added values ​​are equal.

[0080] According to an implementation example, "Φ PF / (Φ PF +Φ DF )" can be 90.1% or more, 90.2% or more, 90.3% or more, 90.4% or more, 90.5% or more, 90.6% or more, 91% or more, or 91.5% or more.

[0081] According to an implementation example, "Φ PF / (Φ PF +Φ DF )” can be 99% or less, 98% or less, 97% or less, 96% or less, 95% or less, 94% or less, 93% or less, 92% or less, or 91% or less.

[0082] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may further satisfy the following formula 8:

[0083] <Formula 8>

[0084] △E ST ≤0.15eV

[0085] In the formula 8,

[0086] △E ST It is the energy difference between the lowest singlet excited state (S1) and the lowest triplet excited state (T1) of the organic compound.

[0087] According to an implementation example, ΔE ST It may be 0.14 eV or less, 0.13 eV or less, 0.12 eV or less, 0.11 eV or less, or 0.10 eV or less.

[0088] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may be any one of the following compounds DFD1 to DFD17:

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may include six to ten heteroatoms. For example, the organic compound may include six to eight, six to seven, seven to eight, or seven heteroatoms. The heteroatoms refer to atoms other than carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms, such as B, N, or O.

[0092] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may include two to four boron atoms. For example, the organic compound may include two to three or two boron atoms.

[0093] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may include two to four oxygen atoms. For example, the organic compound may include two to three or two oxygen atoms.

[0094] According to an implementation example, the organic compound may include two to four nitrogen atoms. For example, the organic compound may include two to three, three to four, or three nitrogen atoms.

[0095] According to another aspect, a light-emitting element is provided, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode opposite to the first electrode; and an intermediate layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and comprising a light-emitting layer, wherein the intermediate layer contains boron (B) and includes the organic compound satisfying Formula 1.

[0096] According to an implementation example, the intermediate layer may further include a hole transporting host, an electron transporting host, a sensitizer, or any combination thereof, wherein the organic compound, the hole transporting host, the electron transporting host, and the sensitizer may be different from each other. The organic compound may be a dopant. For example, the organic compound may be a fluorescent dopant or a delayed fluorescent dopant.

[0097] According to an implementation example, the hole transport host and the electron transport host may form an exciplex.

[0098] According to an implementation example, the hole transport host may be a compound including at least one carbazole group.

[0099] For example, the hole transport host may be any one of the following compounds HTH1 to HTH17:

[0100]

[0101] According to an implementation example, the electron transporting host may be a compound including at least one π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing six-membered ring. For example, the electron transporting host may include a pyridyl group, a pyrimidyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, or any combination thereof.

[0102] For example, the electron transporting host may be any one of the following compounds ETH1 to ETH16:

[0103]

[0104] According to an implementation example, the sensitizer may include a transition metal. For example, the sensitizer may include platinum (Pt).

[0105] For example, the sensitizer may be any one of the following compounds PD1 to PD39:

[0106]

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] According to an implementation example, the light-emitting layer may include: i) the organic compound; and ii) the hole-transporting host, the electron-transporting host, the sensitizer, or any combination thereof.

[0110] According to an implementation example, the light emitting layer may emit blue light having a maximum emission wavelength of 450 nm to 470 nm.

[0111] According to an implementation example, the light-emitting element may include: a layer including 1) the organic compound; and 2) the hole-transporting host, the electron-transporting host, the sensitizer, or any combination thereof. The "layer" may include: a mixture including 1) the organic compound; and 2) the hole-transporting host, the electron-transporting host, the sensitizer, or any combination thereof. For example, the "layer" is clearly distinguished from a double layer consisting of 1) a first layer including the organic compound and 2) a second layer including the hole-transporting host, the electron-transporting host, the sensitizer, or any combination thereof. For example, the "layer" may be the light-emitting layer.

[0112] According to yet another aspect, an electronic device including the light emitting element is provided.

[0113] According to an implementation example, the electronic device may further include a thin film transistor electrically connected to the light emitting element.

[0114] According to an implementation example, the electronic device may further include a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarization layer, or any combination thereof.

[0115] According to yet another aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising the light-emitting element, wherein the electronic device is one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, indoor or outdoor lighting and / or signaling, a head-up display, a fully transparent or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a phone, a portable phone, a tablet computer, a tablet phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional (3D) display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall comprising a plurality of tiled displays, a theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a plaque.

[0116] General compounds containing boron and nitrogen have a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) region and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) region, thus exhibiting multiple resonance (MR) characteristics. The distance between the HOMO region and the LUMO region of such compounds is relatively close, resulting in short charge transfer (short CT) characteristics. Therefore, although such compounds have a large oscillator strength (f) value, they have a relatively small reverse intersystem crossing velocity constant (e.g., k RISC ≤10 4 s -1 ).

[0117] However, an organic compound that suitably includes both a portion having a relatively close distance between the HOMO region and the LUMO region and a portion having a relatively large distance between the HOMO region and the LUMO region among compounds containing boron and nitrogen can suitably have both short charge transfer (short CT) characteristics and long charge transfer (long CT) characteristics, and thus the organic compound can satisfy at least Formula 1 among Formulas 1 to 8. Such an organic compound contains boron and satisfies Formula 1, thereby having a relatively high k compared to boron-containing compounds that do not satisfy Formula 1. r S and relatively high k RISC In addition, the organic compound may have an oscillator strength f value similar to that of a boron-containing compound that does not satisfy Formula 1.

[0118] Therefore, when the boron-containing organic compound satisfies Formula 1, triplet excitons can be relatively quickly captured as singlet excitons, and the singlet excitons can relatively quickly transfer to the ground state and emit light. That is, a light-emitting element using the organic compound can have high luminous efficiency and a long lifespan, thereby improving the display quality of electronic devices using the light-emitting element.

[0119] For example, the organic compound may have a short charge transfer (short CT) characteristic in which the distance between the HOMO region and the LUMO region is relatively close at the atomic end of each six-membered ring, as in the following compounds DFD13 to DFD17, and a long charge transfer (long CT) characteristic in which the LUMO region of the portion consisting of the left boron atom and the two adjacent oxygen atoms is relatively far from the HOMO region of the portion consisting of the right boron atom and the three adjacent nitrogen atoms:

[0120]

[0121] [against Figure 2 Description]

[0122] Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically shown. The light-emitting element 10 may include a first electrode 110, an intermediate layer, and a second electrode 150. The intermediate layer may include a hole transport region 120, a light-emitting layer 130, and an electron transport region 140.

[0123] Below, refer to Figure 2 The structure and manufacturing method of the light emitting element 10 according to an implementation example of the present invention are described below.

[0124] [First electrode 110]

[0125] exist Figure 2 A substrate may be additionally arranged below the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 150. As the substrate, a glass substrate or a plastic substrate may be used. The substrate may be a flexible substrate. For example, the substrate may include a plastic having excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyarylate (PAR), polyetherimide, or any combination thereof.

[0126] The first electrode 110 may be formed by providing a first electrode material on the substrate by evaporation or sputtering. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, a high work function material that is easily hole-injectable may be used as the first electrode material.

[0127] The first electrode 110 can be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. To form the first electrode 110 as a transmissive electrode, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combination thereof can be used as the first electrode material. To form the first electrode 110 as a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), or any combination thereof can be used as the first electrode material.

[0128] The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0129] [Middle layer]

[0130] An intermediate layer may be disposed above the first electrode 110 , and the intermediate layer may include a hole transport region 120 , a light emitting layer 130 , and an electron transport region 140 .

[0131] The intermediate layer may include various organic substances, metal-containing compounds such as organometallic compounds, inorganic substances such as quantum dots, and the like.

[0132] In addition, the intermediate layer may include i) two or more light-emitting units stacked sequentially between the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150, and ii) a charge generation layer disposed between the two light-emitting units. When the intermediate layer includes the light-emitting units and the charge generation layer as described above, the light-emitting element 10 may be a tandem light-emitting element.

[0133] [Hole Transport Region 120]

[0134] The hole transport region 120 may have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer composed of a single substance; ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a plurality of single layers comprising different substances; or iii) a multilayer structure having a plurality of layers comprising different substances.

[0135] The hole transport region 120 may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a light emitting auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or any combination thereof.

[0136] For example, the hole transport region 120 may have a multilayer structure of hole injection layer / hole transport layer, hole injection layer / hole transport layer / luminescence auxiliary layer, hole injection layer / luminescence auxiliary layer, hole transport layer / luminescence auxiliary layer or hole injection layer / hole transport layer / electron blocking layer stacked in sequence from the first electrode 110.

[0137] The hole transport region 120 may include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 201, a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 202, or any combination thereof:

[0138] <Chemical Formula 201>

[0139]

[0140] <Chemical Formula 202>

[0141]

[0142] In the chemical formula 201 and the chemical formula 202,

[0143] L 201 To L 204 Independently of each other are at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0144] L 205 It is *-O-*', *-S-*', *-N(Q 201 )-*', by at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkylene, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 20 Alkenylene, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0145] xa1 to xa4 are independently one of integers from 0 to 5,

[0146] xa5 is an integer from 1 to 10,

[0147] R 201 to R 204 and Q 201 Independently of each other are at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0148] R 201 and R 202 can be optionally connected via a single bond, by at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylene or at least one R 10a The substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 alkenylene groups are linked to each other to form a 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups (e.g., carbazolyl groups, etc.) (for example, refer to the following compound HT16, etc.),

[0149] R 203 and R 204 can be optionally connected via a single bond, by at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C5 alkylene or at least one R 10a The substituted or unsubstituted C2-C5 alkenylene groups are linked to each other to form a 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C8-C 60 Polycyclic groups,

[0150] na1 can be one of integers from 1 to 4.

[0151] For example, each of the Chemical Formula 201 and the Chemical Formula 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by the following Chemical Formulas CY201 to CY217:

[0152]

[0153] In the chemical formulas CY201 to CY217, for R 10b and R 10c For the description of R 10a Description of the ring CY 201 To Ring CY 204 Independently of each other are C3-C 20 Carbocyclic or C1-C 20heterocyclic group, at least one hydrogen in the chemical formula CY201 to chemical formula CY217 may be replaced by R as described in this specification 10a Substituted or unsubstituted.

[0154] According to an implementation example, the ring CY in the chemical formula CY201 to the chemical formula CY217 201 To Ring CY 204 may independently be phenyl, naphthyl, phenanthrenyl or anthracenyl.

[0155] According to another implementation example, each of the chemical formula 201 and the chemical formula 202 may include at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0156] According to yet another implementation example, the chemical formula 201 may include at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203 and at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY204 to CY217, respectively.

[0157] According to yet another implementation example, xa1 in the chemical formula 201 may be 1, R 201 is a group represented by one of the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203, xa2 is 0, R 202 It is a group represented by one of the chemical formulas CY204 to CY207.

[0158] According to yet another implementation example, each of the Chemical Formula 201 and the Chemical Formula 202 may not include the groups represented by the Chemical Formulas CY201 to CY203.

[0159] According to yet another implementation example, each of the chemical formula 201 and the chemical formula 202 may not include the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY201 to CY203 , and may include at least one of the groups represented by the chemical formulas CY204 to CY217 .

[0160] As yet another example, each of Chemical Formula 201 and Chemical Formula 202 may not include the groups represented by Chemical Formulas CY201 to CY217.

[0161] For example, the hole transport region 120 may include one of the following compounds HT1 to HT46, m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB (NPD), β-NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, TCTA (4,4',4"-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine), PANI / DBSA (Polyaniline / Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), PEDOT / PSS (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) / Poly(4-styrenesulfonate), PANI / CSA (Polyaniline / Camphor sulfonicacid (polyaniline / camphorsulfonic acid)), PANI / PSS (Polyaniline / Poly(4-styrenesulfonate)) or any combination thereof:

[0162]

[0163]

[0164]

[0165]

[0166]

[0167] The thickness of the hole transport region 120 may be about to about For example, about to about When the hole transport region 120 includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be about to about For example, about to about The thickness of the hole transport layer is about to about For example, about to about When the thicknesses of the hole transport region 120 , the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer meet the aforementioned ranges, satisfactory hole transport characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0168] The light-emitting auxiliary layer is a layer that increases light emission efficiency by compensating for the optical resonance distance depending on the wavelength of light emitted from the light-emitting layer 130. The electron blocking layer is a layer that prevents electrons from leaking from the light-emitting layer 130 to the hole transport region 120. The substances that can be included in the hole transport region 120 described above can be included in the light-emitting auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer.

[0169] [p-dopant]

[0170] In addition to the above-mentioned substances, the hole transport region 120 may include a charge generation substance to improve conductivity. The charge generation substance may be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed (eg, consist of a single layer of the charge generation substance) within the hole transport region 120 .

[0171] The charge generating species may be, for example, a p-dopant.

[0172] For example, the LUMO energy level of the p-dopant may be approximately −3.5 eV or less.

[0173] According to an implementation example, the p-dopant may include a quinone derivative, a cyanide-containing compound, a compound containing element EL1 and element EL2, or any combination thereof.

[0174] Examples of the quinone derivatives may include TCNQ, F4-TCNQ, and the like.

[0175] Examples of the cyano group-containing compound may include HAT-CN, a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 221, and the like.

[0176]

[0177] <Chemical Formula 221>

[0178]

[0179] In the chemical formula 221,

[0180] It can be, R 221 to R 223 Independently of each other are at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C60 heterocyclic group,

[0181] The R 221 to R 223 At least one of them is independently cyano; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; C1-C substituted by cyano, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I or any combination thereof 20 Alkyl; or any combination thereof; substituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0182] In the compound containing the element EL1 and the element EL2, the element EL1 may be a metal, a metalloid or a combination thereof, and the element EL2 may be a non-metal, a metalloid or a combination thereof.

[0183] Examples of the metal may include alkali metals (e.g., lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), etc.); alkaline earth metals (e.g., beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), etc.); transition metals (e.g., titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re), iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os), Cobalt (Co), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), gold (Au), etc.); late transition metals (for example, zinc (Zn), indium (In), tin (Sn), etc.); lanthanide metals (for example, lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), etc.); etc.

[0184] Examples of the metalloid may include silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), and the like.

[0185] Examples of the non-metal may include oxygen (O), halogen (eg, F, Cl, Br, I, etc.), and the like.

[0186] For example, the compound containing element EL1 and element EL2 may include metal oxides, metal halides (e.g., metal fluorides, metal chlorides, metal bromides, metal iodides, etc.), metalloid halides (e.g., metalloid fluorides, metalloid chlorides, metalloid bromides, metalloid iodides, etc.), metal tellurides, or any combination thereof.

[0187] Examples of the metal oxides may include tungsten oxides (e.g., WO, W2O3, WO2, WO3, W2O5, etc.), vanadium oxides (e.g., VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5, etc.), molybdenum oxides (e.g., MoO, Mo2O3, MoO2, MoO3, Mo2O5, etc.), rhenium oxides (e.g., ReO3, etc.), etc.

[0188] Examples of the metal halide may include alkali metal halide, alkaline earth metal halide, transition metal halide, post-transition metal halide, lanthanide metal halide, and the like.

[0189] Examples of the alkali metal halide may include LiF, NaF, KF, RbF, CsF, LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl, LiBr, NaBr, KBr, RbBr, CsBr, LiI, NaI, KI, RbI, CsI, etc.

[0190] Examples of the alkaline earth metal halide may include BeF2, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, BaF2, BeCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, SrCl2, BaCl2, BeBr2, MgBr2, CaBr2, SrBr2, BaBr2, BeI2, MgI2, CaI2, SrI2, BaI2, etc.

[0191] Examples of the transition metal halide may include titanium halide (e.g., TiF4, TiCl4, TiBr4, TiI4, etc.), zirconium halide (e.g., ZrF4, ZrCl4, ZrBr4, ZrI4, etc.), hafnium halide (e.g., HfF4, HfCl4, HfBr4, HfI4, etc.), vanadium halide (e.g., VF3, VCl3, VBr3, VI3, etc.), niobium halide (e.g., NbF3, NbCl3, NbBr3, NbI3, etc.), tantalum halide (e.g., TaF3, TaCl3, 3, TaI3, etc.), chromium halides (e.g., CrF3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, etc.), molybdenum halides (e.g., MoF3, MoCl3, MoBr3, MoI3, etc.), tungsten halides (e.g., WF3, WCl3, WBr3, WI3, etc.), manganese halides (e.g., MnF2, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, etc.), technetium halides (e.g., TcF2, TcCl2, TcBr2, TcI2, etc.), rhenium halides (e.g., ReF2, ReCl2, ReB r2, ReI2, etc.), iron halides (e.g., FeF2, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2, etc.), ruthenium halides (e.g., RuF2, RuCl2, RuBr2, RuI2, etc.), osmium halides (e.g., OsF2, OsCl2, OsBr2, OsI2, etc.), cobalt halides (e.g., CoF2, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2, etc.), rhodium halides (e.g., RhF2, RhCl2, RhBr2, RhI2, etc.), iridium halides (e.g., IrF2, IrCl2, Ir Br2, IrI2, etc.), nickel halides (e.g., NiF2, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, etc.), palladium halides (e.g., PdF2, PdCl2, PdBr2, PdI2, etc.), platinum halides (e.g., PtF2, PtCl2, PtBr2, PtI2, etc.), copper halides (e.g., CuF, CuCl, CuBr, CuI, etc.), silver halides (e.g., AgF, AgCl, AgBr, AgI, etc.), gold halides (e.g., AuF, AuCl, AuBr, AuI, etc.), etc.

[0192] Examples of the late transition metal halide may include zinc halide (eg, ZnF2, ZnCl2, ZnBr2, ZnI2, etc.), indium halide (eg, InI3, etc.), tin halide (eg, SnI2, etc.), and the like.

[0193] Examples of the lanthanide metal halides may include YbF, YbF2, YbF3, SmF3, YbCl, YbCl2, YbCl3, SmCl3, YbBr, YbBr2, YbBr3, SmBr3, YbI, YbI2, YbI3, SmI3, etc.

[0194] Examples of the metalloid halide may include antimony halide (eg, SbCl 5 , etc.), and the like.

[0195] Examples of the metal tellurides may include alkali metal tellurides (e.g., Li2Te, Na2Te, K2Te, Rb2Te, Cs2Te, etc.), alkaline earth metal tellurides (e.g., BeTe, MgTe, CaTe, SrTe, BaTe, etc.), transition metal tellurides (e.g., TiTe2, ZrTe2, HfTe2, V2Te3, Nb2Te3, Ta2Te3, Cr2Te3, Mo2Te3, W2Te3, MnTe, TcTe, ReTe, FeTe, RuTe, OsTe, CoTe, RhTe, IrTe, NiTe, PdTe, PtTe, Cu2Te, CuTe, Ag2Te, AgTe, Au2Te, etc.), late transition metal tellurides (for example, ZnTe, etc.), lanthanide metal tellurides (for example, LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, etc.), etc.

[0196] [Light-emitting layer 130]

[0197] When the light-emitting element 10 is a full-color light-emitting element, the light-emitting layer 130 can be patterned into a red light-emitting layer, a green light-emitting layer, and / or a blue light-emitting layer according to individual sub-pixels. Alternatively, the light-emitting layer 130 can have a structure in which two or more of the red light-emitting layer, the green light-emitting layer, and the blue light-emitting layer are in contact or stacked with each other, or a structure in which two or more of the red light-emitting material, the green light-emitting material, and the blue light-emitting material are mixed without distinguishing between layers, thereby emitting white light.

[0198] The light emitting layer 130 may include a host and a dopant, and the dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant, a fluorescent dopant, or any combination thereof.

[0199] The content of the dopant in the light emitting layer 130 may be about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the host.

[0200] Alternatively, the light emitting layer 130 may include quantum dots.

[0201] In addition, the light emitting layer 130 may include a delayed fluorescent substance. The delayed fluorescent substance may perform the role of a host or a dopant in the light emitting layer 130.

[0202] The thickness of the light emitting layer 130 may be about to about For example, about to about When the thickness of the light emitting layer 130 satisfies the aforementioned range, excellent light emitting characteristics can be exhibited without substantially increasing the driving voltage.

[0203] [main body]

[0204] The host may include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 301:

[0205] <Chemical Formula 301>

[0206] [Ar 301 ] xb11 -[(L 301 ) xb1 -R 301 ] xb21

[0207] In the chemical formula 301,

[0208] Ar 301 and L 301 Independently of each other are at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0209] xb11 is 1, 2 or 3,

[0210] xb1 is an integer from 0 to 5,

[0211] R 301 is hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, or 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 Alkenyl, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C2-C 60 Alkynyl, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Alkoxy, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 301 )(Q 302 )(Q 303 )、-N(Q 301)(Q 302 )、-B(Q 301 )(Q 302 ),-C(=O)(Q 301 )、-S(=O)2(Q 301 ) or -P(=O)(Q 301 )(Q 302 ),

[0212] xb21 is an integer from 1 to 5,

[0213] Targeting Q 301 To Q 303 For instructions on Q 11 Description.

[0214] For example, when xb11 in the chemical formula 301 is 2 or more, two or more Ar 301 Can be connected to each other by a single bond.

[0215] As another example, the body may include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 301-1, a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 301-2, or any combination thereof:

[0216] <Chemical Formula 301-1>

[0217]

[0218] <Chemical Formula 301-2>

[0219]

[0220] In the chemical formula 301-1 and the chemical formula 301-2,

[0221] Ring A 301 To Ring A 304 Independently of each other are at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0222] X 301 It is O, S, N[(L 304 ) xb4 -R 304 ]、C(R 304 )(R 305 ) or Si(R 304 )(R 305 ),

[0223] xb22 and xb23 are independently 0, 1 or 2,

[0224] For L 301 , xb1 and R 301 Please refer to the contents of this manual for details.

[0225] For L 302 To L 304 The descriptions of L are independently referred to 301 Description,

[0226] The descriptions of xb2 to xb4 refer independently to the description of xb1.

[0227] For R 302 to R 305 and R 311 to R 314 For the description, please refer to the R 301 Description.

[0228] As another example, the host may include an alkaline earth metal complex, a late transition metal complex, or any combination thereof. For example, the host may include a Be complex (e.g., compound H55 below), a Mg complex, a Zn complex, or any combination thereof.

[0229] As yet another example, the host may include one of the following compounds H1 to H128, ADN (9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene), MADN (2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene), TBADN (9,10-di(2-naphthyl)-2-tert-butyl-anthracene), l)-2-t-butyl-anthracene), CBP (4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl), mCP (1,3-di(carbazol-9-yl)benzene), TCP (1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene), or any combination thereof:

[0230]

[0231]

[0232]

[0233]

[0234]

[0235]

[0236]

[0237] [Phosphorescent dopant]

[0238] The phosphorescent dopant may include at least one transition metal as a central metal.

[0239] The phosphorescent dopant may include a monodentate ligand, a bidentate ligand, a tridentate ligand, a tetradentate ligand, a pentadentate ligand, a hexadentate ligand, or any combination thereof.

[0240] The phosphorescent dopant may be electrically neutral.

[0241] For example, the phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 401:

[0242] <Chemical Formula 401>

[0243] M(L 401 ) xc1 (L 402 ) xc2

[0244] <Chemical Formula 402>

[0245]

[0246] In the chemical formula 401 and the chemical formula 402,

[0247] M is a transition metal (e.g., iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), gold (Au), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), rhenium (Re), or thulium (Tm)),

[0248] L 401 is a ligand represented by the chemical formula 402, xc1 is 1, 2 or 3, when xc1 is 2 or more, two or more L 401 Same or different from each other,

[0249] L 402 is an organic ligand, xc2 is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. When xc2 is 2 or more, two or more L402 Same or different from each other,

[0250] X 401 and X 402 independently of each other is nitrogen or carbon,

[0251] Ring A 401 and Ring A 402 Independently of each other are C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0252] T 401 is a single bond, *-O-*', *-S-*', *-C(=O)-*', *-N(Q 411 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=C(Q 412 )-*'、*-C(Q 411 )=*'or*=C=*',

[0253] X 403 and X 404 are independently chemical bonds (e.g., covalent bonds or coordination bonds), O, S, N (Q 413 )、B(Q 413 )、P(Q 413 )、C(Q 413 )(Q 414 ) or Si(Q 413 )(Q 414 ),

[0254] Regarding the Q 411 To Q 414 For instructions on Q 11 Description,

[0255] R 401 and R 402 are independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkyl, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 20 Alkoxy, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 401 )(Q402 )(Q 403 )、-N(Q 401 )(Q 402 )、-B(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),-C(=O)(Q 401 )、-S(=O)2(Q 401 ) or -P(=O)(Q 401 )(Q 402 ),

[0256] Regarding the Q 401 To Q 403 For instructions on Q 11 Description,

[0257] xc11 and xc12 are independently an integer from 0 to 10,

[0258] * and *' in the chemical formula 402 are bonding sites to M in the chemical formula 401, respectively.

[0259] For example, it can be, i)X in the chemical formula 402 401 is nitrogen, X 402 is carbon; or ii) X 401 and X 402 It's all nitrogen.

[0260] As another example, when xc1 in the chemical formula 401 is 2 or more, two or more L 401 The two rings A 401 Optionally through T as a linker 402 Connected to each other, or two rings A 402 Selectively through T as a linker 403 are connected to each other (see compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7 below). 402 and T 403 For the description of T 401 Description.

[0261] In the chemical formula 401, L 402 Can be any organic ligand. For example, the L 402 It may include a halogen group, a diketone group (e.g., acetylacetonate group), a carboxylic acid group (e.g., pyridinate group), -C(=O), an isonitrile group, -CN, a phosphorus-containing group (e.g., a phosphine group, a phosphite group, etc.), or any combination thereof.

[0262] The phosphorescent dopant may include, for example, one of the following compounds PD1 to PD39 or any combination thereof:

[0263]

[0264]

[0265]

[0266] [Fluorescent dopant]

[0267] The fluorescent dopant may include an amine-containing compound, a styryl-containing compound, or any combination thereof.

[0268] For example, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 501:

[0269] <Chemical Formula 501>

[0270]

[0271] In the chemical formula 501,

[0272] Ar 501 、L 501 To L 503 、R 501 and R 502 Independently of each other are at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0273] xd1 to xd3 are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3,

[0274] xd4 can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0275] For example, Ar in the chemical formula 501 501 It may include a condensed ring in which three or more monocyclic groups are condensed with each other (for example, anthracenyl, yl, pyrene, etc.).

[0276] As another example, xd4 in the chemical formula 501 may be 2.

[0277] For example, the fluorescent dopant may include one of the following compounds FD1 to FD37, DPVBi, DPAVBi, or any combination thereof:

[0278]

[0279]

[0280]

[0281] [Delayed fluorescent substance]

[0282] The light emitting layer 130 may include a delayed fluorescent substance.

[0283] The delayed fluorescent substance in the present specification can be selected from any compound capable of emitting delayed fluorescence via a delayed fluorescence emission mechanism.

[0284] The delayed fluorescent substance included in the light emitting layer 130 may function as a host or a dopant depending on the types of other substances included in the light emitting layer 130 .

[0285] According to one embodiment, the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent substance and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent substance can be approximately 0 eV or greater and approximately 0.5 eV or less. By ensuring that the difference between the triplet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent substance and the singlet energy level (eV) of the delayed fluorescent substance falls within this range, reverse energy conversion (up-conversion) from the triplet state of the delayed fluorescent substance to the singlet state can be effectively performed, thereby improving the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting element 10.

[0286] For example, the delayed fluorescent material may include: i) at least one electron donor (eg, a π-electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic group (πelectron-rich C3-C 60 cyclic group) and at least one electron acceptor (e.g., sulfoxide, cyano, π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Ring group (πelectron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group) etc.); ii) a substance comprising two or more condensed cyclic groups including a shared boron (B) and a C8-C 60 Polycyclic substances, etc.

[0287] Examples of the delayed fluorescent substance may include at least one of the following compounds DF1 to DF14:

[0288]

[0289]

[0290] [Quantum dot]

[0291] The light emitting layer 130 may include quantum dots.

[0292] Throughout this specification, quantum dots refer to crystals of semiconductor compounds. Quantum dots can emit light of various wavelengths depending on the size of the crystals. Quantum dots can also emit light of various wavelengths by adjusting the ratio of elements that make up the quantum dots.

[0293] The diameter of the quantum dots may be, for example, about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

[0294] The quantum dots can be synthesized by wet chemical process, organometallic chemical evaporation process, molecular beam epitaxy process or similar processes.

[0295] The wet chemical process involves mixing an organic solvent with a precursor substance to grow quantum dot particle crystals. During crystal growth, the organic solvent naturally acts as a dispersant, coordinating to the surface of the quantum dot crystals and regulating their growth. This makes it easier to control the growth of quantum dot particles than vapor deposition methods such as metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and allows for a low-cost process.

[0296] The quantum dots may include: II-VI semiconductor compounds; III-V semiconductor compounds; III-VI semiconductor compounds; I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; IV-VI semiconductor compounds; IV elements or compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0297] Examples of the II-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, MgSe, MgS; CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZ nTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, MgZnSe, MgZnS such as ternary compounds; CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, HgZnSTe such as quaternary compounds; or any combination thereof.

[0298] Examples of the III-V semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, and InSb; ternary compounds such as GaNPs, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNPs, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InGaP, InNPs, InAlP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, and InPSb; quaternary compounds such as GaAlNPs, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNPs, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNPs, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, and InAlPSb; or any combination thereof. Furthermore, the III-V semiconductor compounds may further include a Group II element. Examples of the Group III-V semiconductor compound further including a Group II element may include InZnP, InGaZnP, InAlZnP, and the like.

[0299] Examples of the III-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as GaS, Ga2S3, GaSe, Ga2Se3, GaTe, InS, InSe, In2S3, In2Se3, InTe; ternary compounds such as InGaS3, InGaSe3; or any combination thereof.

[0300] Examples of the I-III-VI group semiconductor compounds may include ternary compounds such as AgInS, AgInS2, AgInSe2, AgGaS, AgGaS2, AgGaSe2, CuInS, CuInS2, CuInSe2, CuGaS2, CuGaSe2, CuGaO2, AgGaO2, and AgAlO2; quaternary compounds such as AgInGaS2 and AgInGaSe2; or any combination thereof.

[0301] Examples of the IV-VI semiconductor compounds may include binary compounds such as SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, and PbTe; ternary compounds such as SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, and SnPbTe; quaternary compounds such as SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, and SnPbSTe; or any combination thereof.

[0302] The Group IV element or compound may include a single element such as Si, Ge, or a binary compound such as SiC, SiGe, or any combination thereof.

[0303] The elements included in the multi-element compounds such as binary compounds, ternary compounds and quaternary compounds may be present in the particles in a uniform concentration or a non-uniform concentration. That is, the chemical formula means the types of elements included in the compound, and the element ratios in the compound may be different. For example, AgInGaS2 may mean AgIn x Ga 1-x S2 (x is a real number between 0 and 1).

[0304] In addition, the quantum dots may have a single structure in which the concentration of each element included in the corresponding quantum dot is uniform, or a core-shell dual structure. For example, the substance included in the core and the substance included in the shell may be different from each other.

[0305] The quantum dot shell can function as a protective layer to prevent chemical denaturation of the core while maintaining semiconductor properties and / or as a charging layer to impart electrophoretic properties to the quantum dot. The shell can be a single layer or multiple layers. The interface between the core and the shell can have a concentration gradient where the concentration of the element present in the shell decreases toward the center.

[0306] Examples of the quantum dot shell include metal or non-metal oxides, semiconductor compounds, or combinations thereof. Examples of metal or non-metal oxides include binary compounds such as SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZnO, MnO, Mn2O3, Mn3O4, CuO, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, CoO, Co3O4, and NiO; ternary compounds such as MgAl2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4, and CoMn2O4; or any combination thereof. Examples of semiconductor compounds include II-VI semiconductor compounds described in this specification; III-V semiconductor compounds; III-VI semiconductor compounds; I-III-VI semiconductor compounds; IV-VI semiconductor compounds; or any combination thereof. For example, the semiconductor compound may include CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnSeS, ZnTeS, GaAs, GaP, GaS, GaSe, AgGaS, AgGaS2, GaSb, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, InAs, InP, InGaP, InSb, AlAs, AlP, AlSb or any combination thereof.

[0307] The elements included in the binary compound, ternary compound, or other multi-component compound may be present in the particle at a uniform or non-uniform concentration. That is, the chemical formula indicates the types of elements included in the compound, and the ratio of elements within the compound may vary.

[0308] Quantum dots can have an emission wavelength spectrum with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of approximately 45 nm or less, specifically approximately 40 nm or less, and more specifically approximately 30 nm or less. This range can improve color purity and color reproducibility. Furthermore, light emitted by such quantum dots is omnidirectional, which can increase the viewing angle of light.

[0309] In addition, specifically, the quantum dots may be in the form of spherical, pyramidal, multi-arm, or cubic nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanoplates, and the like.

[0310] By adjusting the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound, the energy band gap can be adjusted, so that light of various wavelengths can be obtained in the quantum dot light-emitting layer. Therefore, by using quantum dots as described above (using quantum dots of different sizes or changing the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound), a light-emitting element that emits light of multiple wavelengths can be realized. Specifically, by adjusting the size of the quantum dots or the ratio of elements in the quantum dot compound, it is possible to select emission in the form of red light, green light and / or blue light. In addition, the quantum dots can be configured to emit white light by combining multiple colors of light.

[0311] [Electron transport region 140]

[0312] The electron transport region 140 may have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer composed of a single substance; ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer including a plurality of substances different from each other; or iii) a multilayer structure including a plurality of layers including a plurality of substances different from each other.

[0313] The electron transport region 140 may include a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron regulating layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

[0314] For example, the electron transport region 140 may have a structure of an electron transport layer / electron injection layer, a hole blocking layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, an electron regulating layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer, or a buffer layer / electron transport layer / electron injection layer stacked in sequence from the light-emitting layer 130 .

[0315] The electron transport region 140 (eg, a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron regulating layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region 140) may include a nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Ring group (πelectron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 cyclic group) metal-free compounds.

[0316] For example, the electron transport region 140 may include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 601.

[0317] <Chemical Formula 601>

[0318] [Ar 601 ] xe11 -[(L 601 ) xe1 -R 601 ] xe21

[0319] In the chemical formula 601, it can be,

[0320] Ar 601 and L 601 Independently of each other are at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 heterocyclic group,

[0321] xe11 is 1, 2 or 3,

[0322] xe1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0323] R 601 is at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, -Si(Q 601 )(Q 602 )(Q 603 ),-C(=O)(Q 601 )、-S(=O)2(Q 601 ) or -P(=O)(Q 601 )(Q 602 ),

[0324] Regarding the Q 601 To Q 603For instructions on Q 11 Description,

[0325] xe21 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,

[0326] The Ar 601 , L 601 and R 601 At least one of them is independently of each other by at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Cyclic group.

[0327] For example, when xe11 in the chemical formula 601 is 2 or more, two or more Ar 601 Can be connected to each other by a single bond.

[0328] As another example, Ar in the chemical formula 601 601 Can be at least one R 10a a substituted or unsubstituted anthracenyl group.

[0329] As yet another example, the electron transport region 140 may include a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 601-1:

[0330] <Chemical Formula 601-1>

[0331]

[0332] In the chemical formula 601-1, it can be,

[0333] X 614 Is N or C (R 614 ), X 615 Is N or C (R 615 ), X 616 Is N or C (R 616 ), X 614 To X 616 At least one of them is N,

[0334] For L 611 To L 613 For the description of L 601 Description,

[0335] For the description of xe611 to xe613, refer to the description of xe1.

[0336] For R 611 to R 613 For the description, please refer to the R 601 Description,

[0337] R614 to R 616 are independently hydrogen, deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 20 Alkyl, C1-C 20 Alkoxy, with at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or at least one R 10a Substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0338] For example, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Chemical Formula 601 and Chemical Formula 601-1 may be 0, 1, or 2 independently of each other.

[0339] The electron transport region 140 may include one of the following compounds ET1 to ET45, BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Alq3, BAlq, TAZ, NTAZ, or any combination thereof:

[0340]

[0341]

[0342]

[0343]

[0344] The thickness of the electron transport region 140 may be about to about For example, about to about When the electron transport region 140 includes a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron regulating layer, an electron transport layer, or any combination thereof, the thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, or the electron regulating layer may be independently about 100 Å. to about For example, about to about The thickness of the electron transport layer is about to about For example, about to about When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron regulating layer, the electron transport layer and / or the electron transport region 140 meet the aforementioned ranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0345] In addition to the substances described above, the electron transport region 140 (eg, the electron transport layer in the electron transport region 140 ) may further include a metal-containing substance.

[0346] The metal-containing substance can include an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex or any combination thereof. The metal ion of the alkali metal complex can be a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion or a Cs ion, and the metal ion of the alkaline earth metal complex can be a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion or a Ba ion. The ligand coordinated to the metal ion of the alkali metal complex and the alkaline earth metal complex can independently include hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyloxazole, hydroxyphenylthiazole, hydroxyphenyloxadiazole, hydroxyphenylthiadiazole, hydroxyphenylpyridine, hydroxyphenylbenzimidazole, hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene or any combination thereof.

[0347] For example, the metal-containing substance may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, the following compound ET-D1 (Liq) or compound ET-D2:

[0348]

[0349] The electron transport region 140 may include an electron injection layer that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 150. The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode 150.

[0350] The electron injection layer may have: i) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer composed of a single substance; ii) a single-layer structure consisting of a single layer including a plurality of substances different from each other; or iii) a multilayer structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of substances different from each other.

[0351] The electron injection layer may include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth metals, alkali metal-containing compounds, alkaline earth metal-containing compounds, rare earth metal-containing compounds, alkali metal complexes, alkaline earth metal complexes, rare earth metal complexes, or any combination thereof.

[0352] The alkali metal may include Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal may include Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, or any combination thereof. The rare earth metal may include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, Gd, or any combination thereof.

[0353] The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may include oxides, halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, iodides, etc.), tellurides of each of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal, or any combination thereof.

[0354] The alkali metal compound may include alkali metal oxides such as Li2O, Cs2O, K2O, alkali metal halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, KI, or any combination thereof. The alkaline earth metal oxide may include BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba x Sr 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1), Ba x Ca 1-x O (where x is a real number satisfying 0 < x < 1) and other alkaline earth metal oxides. The rare earth metal compound may include YbF3, ScF3, Sc2O3, Y2O3, Ce2O3, GdF3, TbF3, YbI3, ScI3, TbI3, or any combination thereof. Alternatively, the rare earth metal compound may include lanthanide metal tellurides. Examples of the lanthanide metal tellurides may include LaTe, CeTe, PrTe, NdTe, PmTe, SmTe, EuTe, GdTe, TbTe, DyTe, HoTe, ErTe, TmTe, YbTe, LuTe, La2Te3, Ce2Te3, Pr2Te3, Nd2Te3, Pm2Te3, Sm2Te3, Eu2Te3, Gd2Te3, Tb2Te3, Dy2Te3, Ho2Te3, Er2Te3, Tm2Te3, Yb2Te3, Lu2Te3, etc.

[0355] The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may include: i) one of the ions of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal as described above; and ii) ligands bonded to the metal ion, such as hydroxyquinoline, hydroxyisoquinoline, hydroxybenzoquinoline, hydroxyacridine, hydroxyphenanthridine, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxyphenyl oxadiazole, hydroxyphenyl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, cyclopentadiene, or any combination thereof.

[0356] The electron injection layer may be composed solely of the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, rare earth metal-containing compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof as described above, or may further include an organic matter (for example, a compound represented by the chemical formula 601).

[0357] According to an exemplary embodiment, the electron injection layer may be composed of: i) an alkali metal compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide); or ii) a) an alkali metal compound (e.g., an alkali metal halide); and b) an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, or any combination thereof. For example, the electron injection layer may be a KI:Yb co-evaporated layer, a RbI:Yb co-evaporated layer, a LiF:Yb co-evaporated layer, etc.

[0358] When the electron injection layer also includes organic matter, the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal, alkali metal-containing compound, alkaline earth metal-containing compound, rare earth metal-containing compound, alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, rare earth metal complex or any combination thereof can be uniformly or unevenly dispersed in the matrix including the organic matter.

[0359] The thickness of the electron injection layer may be about to about For example, about to about When the thickness of the electron injection layer satisfies the aforementioned range, satisfactory electron injection characteristics can be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[0360] [Second electrode 150]

[0361] A second electrode 150 may be disposed above the electron transport region 140. The second electrode 150 may be a cathode serving as an electron injection electrode. In this case, the second electrode material may be a metal, alloy, conductive compound, or any combination thereof having a low work function.

[0362] The second electrode 150 may include lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al-Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg-In), magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag), ytterbium (Yb), silver-ytterbium (Ag-Yb), ITO, IZO, or any combination thereof. The second electrode 150 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

[0363] The second electrode 150 may have a single-layer structure as a single layer or a multi-layer structure having a plurality of layers.

[0364] [Overlay]

[0365] Alternatively, a first covering layer may be disposed on the outer side of the first electrode 110 and / or a second covering layer may be disposed on the outer side of the second electrode 150. Specifically, the light-emitting element 10 may have: a structure in which the first covering layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer, and the second electrode 150 are stacked in sequence; a structure in which the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer, the second electrode 150, and the second covering layer are stacked in sequence; or a structure in which the first covering layer, the first electrode 110, the intermediate layer, the second electrode 150, and the second covering layer are stacked in sequence.

[0366] The light generated in the light-emitting layer 130 of the light-emitting element 10 can be emitted to the outside through the first electrode 110 as a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode and the first covering layer, and the light generated in the light-emitting layer 130 of the light-emitting element 10 can be emitted to the outside through the second electrode 150 as a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode and the second covering layer.

[0367] The first covering layer and the second covering layer can improve the external luminous efficiency by compensating for interference, thereby increasing the light emission efficiency of the light emitting element 10 and thus improving the luminous efficiency of the light emitting element 10 .

[0368] Each of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may include a substance having a refractive index (at 460 nm) of about 1.2 or more.

[0369] The first covering layer and the second covering layer may be independently an organic covering layer containing organic matter, an inorganic covering layer containing inorganic matter, or an organic-inorganic composite covering layer containing organic matter and inorganic matter.

[0370] At least one of the first covering layer and the second covering layer may independently include a carbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amino-containing compound, a porphine derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyanine derivative, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, or any combination thereof. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amino-containing compound may be selectively substituted with a substituent including O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, I, or any combination thereof. According to an implementation example, at least one of the first covering layer and the second covering layer may independently include an amino-containing compound.

[0371] For example, at least one of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may independently include the compound represented by Chemical Formula 201, the compound represented by Chemical Formula 202, or any combination thereof.

[0372] According to yet another implementation example, at least one of the first cover layer and the second cover layer may independently include one of the compounds HT28 to HT33, one of the following compounds CP1 to CP6, β-NPB, or any combination thereof:

[0373]

[0374] [membrane]

[0375] The electronic device may further include a film. The film may be, for example, an optical component (or light control member) (e.g., a color filter, a color conversion component, a cover layer, a light extraction efficiency improving layer, a selective light absorption layer, a polarizing layer, a quantum dot containing layer, etc.), a light shielding component (e.g., a light reflecting layer, a light absorbing layer, etc.), a protective component (e.g., an insulating layer, a dielectric layer, etc.), etc.

[0376] [Electronic devices]

[0377] The light emitting element 10 may be included in various electronic devices. For example, the electronic device including the light emitting element 10 may be a display device, an authentication device, or the like.

[0378] In addition to the light-emitting element 10, the electronic device (e.g., a display device) may further include: i) a color filter; ii) a color conversion layer; or iii) both a color filter and a color conversion layer. The color filter and / or color conversion layer may be arranged in at least one direction of travel of the light emitted from the light-emitting element 10. For example, the light emitted from the light-emitting element 10 may be blue light or white light. For a description of the light-emitting element 10, reference is made to the above content. According to one implementation example, the color conversion layer may include quantum dots. The quantum dots may be, for example, those described in this specification.

[0379] The electronic device may include a first substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a plurality of sub-pixel regions, the color filter includes a plurality of color filter regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions, and the color conversion layer includes a plurality of color conversion regions corresponding to the plurality of sub-pixel regions.

[0380] A pixel defining film is disposed between the plurality of sub-pixel regions to define each sub-pixel region.

[0381] The color filter may further include a plurality of color filter regions and a light shielding pattern disposed between the plurality of color filter regions. The color conversion layer may further include a plurality of color conversion regions and a light shielding pattern disposed between the plurality of color conversion regions.

[0382] The multiple color filter regions (or multiple color conversion regions) may include a first region emitting a first color light, a second region emitting a second color light, and / or a third region emitting a third color light, wherein the first color light, the second color light, and / or the third color light have different maximum emission wavelengths. For example, the first color light may be red light, the second color light may be green light, and the third color light may be blue light. For example, the multiple color filter regions (or multiple color conversion regions) may include quantum dots. Specifically, the first region may include red quantum dots, the second region may include green quantum dots, and the third region may not include quantum dots. For a description of quantum dots, refer to the contents of this specification. The first region, the second region, and / or the third region may each further include a scatterer.

[0383] For example, the light-emitting element 10 may emit a first light, the first region absorbs the first light and emits a 1-1 color light, the second region absorbs the first light and emits a 2-1 color light, and the third region absorbs the first light and emits a 3-1 color light. In this case, the 1-1 color light, the 2-1 color light, and the 3-1 color light may have different maximum emission wavelengths. Specifically, the first light may be blue light, the 1-1 color light may be red light, the 2-1 color light may be green light, and the 3-1 color light may be blue light.

[0384] In addition to the light-emitting element 10 described above, the electronic device may further include a thin film transistor. The thin film transistor may include a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer, and any one of the source electrode and the drain electrode may be electrically connected to any one of the first electrode 110 and the second electrode 150 of the light-emitting element.

[0385] The thin film transistor may further include a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, and the like.

[0386] The active layer may include crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, an organic semiconductor, an oxide semiconductor, or the like.

[0387] The electronic device may further include a sealing portion that seals the light-emitting element 10. The sealing portion may be disposed between the color filter and / or color conversion layer and the light-emitting element 10. The sealing portion may allow light from the light-emitting element 10 to be emitted to the outside while blocking external air and moisture from penetrating into the light-emitting element 10. The sealing portion may be a sealing substrate including a transparent glass substrate or a plastic substrate. The sealing portion may be a thin-film encapsulation layer including one or more organic and / or inorganic layers. When the sealing portion is a thin-film encapsulation layer, the electronic device may be flexible.

[0388] In addition to the color filter and / or color conversion layer, various functional layers may be additionally configured on the sealing portion depending on the intended use of the electronic device. Examples of such functional layers include a touch screen layer and a polarizing layer. The touch screen layer may be a pressure-sensitive touch screen layer, an electrostatic touch screen layer, or an infrared touch screen layer. The authentication device may be, for example, a biometric authentication device that authenticates an individual using biometric information (e.g., a fingertip, an eyeball, etc.).

[0389] In addition to the light emitting element 10 as described above, the authentication device may further include a biometric information collecting device.

[0390] The electronic device can be applied to various displays, light sources, lighting devices, personal computers (for example, mobile personal computers), portable phones, digital cameras, electronic manuals, electronic dictionaries, electronic game consoles, medical equipment (for example, electronic thermometers, blood pressure monitors, blood glucose meters, pulse measuring devices, pulse wave measuring devices, electrocardiogram display devices, ultrasonic diagnostic devices, endoscope display devices), fish finders, various measuring equipment, instruments (for example, instruments for vehicles, aircraft, and ships), projectors, etc.

[0391] [Electronic equipment]

[0392] The light emitting element 10 may be included in various electronic devices.

[0393] For example, the electronic device including the light emitting element 10 can be one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, indoor or outdoor lighting and / or signaling, a head-up display, a fully transparent or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a phone, a portable phone, a tablet computer, a tablet phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a 3D display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall comprising a plurality of tiled displays, a theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a plaque.

[0394] Since the light emitting element 10 has improved luminous efficiency, improved lifespan, and the like, the electronic device including the light emitting element 10 may have characteristics such as high brightness, high resolution, and low power consumption.

[0395] [against Figure 3 as well as Figure 4 [Note]

[0396] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to an implementation example of the present invention.

[0397] Figure 3 The electronic device may include a substrate 100 , a thin film transistor TFT, a light emitting element, and an encapsulation unit 300 .

[0398] The substrate 100 may be a flexible substrate, a glass substrate, or a metal substrate. A buffer layer 210 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 210 may prevent impurities from penetrating through the substrate 100 and provide a flat surface above the substrate 100.

[0399] A thin film transistor (TFT) may be disposed on the buffer layer 210 . The thin film transistor (TFT) may include an active layer 220 , a gate electrode 240 , a source electrode 260 , and a drain electrode 270 .

[0400] The active layer 220 may include an inorganic semiconductor such as silicon or polysilicon, an organic semiconductor, or an oxide semiconductor, and may include a source region, a drain region, and a channel region.

[0401] A gate insulating film 230 for insulating the active layer 220 from the gate electrode 240 may be disposed above the active layer 220 , and the gate electrode 240 may be disposed above the gate insulating film 230 .

[0402] An interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed above the gate electrode 240. The interlayer insulating film 250 may be disposed between the gate electrode 240 and the source electrode 260 and between the gate electrode 240 and the drain electrode 270 to insulate them.

[0403] A source electrode 260 and a drain electrode 270 may be disposed on the interlayer insulating film 250. The interlayer insulating film 250 and the gate insulating film 230 may be formed to expose the source region and the drain region of the active layer 220, and the source electrode 260 and the drain electrode 270 may be disposed to contact the exposed source region and the drain region of the active layer 220.

[0404] This thin film transistor (TFT) can be electrically connected to a light emitting element to drive the light emitting element and is covered and protected by a passivation layer 280. The passivation layer 280 may include an inorganic insulating film, an organic insulating film, or a combination thereof. The light emitting element is disposed on the passivation layer 280. The light emitting element may include a first electrode 110, the intermediate layer, and a second electrode 150.

[0405] The first electrode 110 may be disposed on the passivation layer 280 . The passivation layer 280 may be configured not to cover the entire drain electrode 270 but to expose a predetermined region, and the first electrode 110 may be disposed to connect to the exposed drain electrode 270 .

[0406] A pixel defining film 290 including an insulating material may be disposed on the first electrode 110. The pixel defining film 290 may expose a predetermined area of ​​the first electrode 110 and form an intermediate layer in the exposed area. The pixel defining film 290 may be an organic film of a polyimide or polyacrylic acid series. Figure 3 Although not shown in the figure, a portion or more of the intermediate layers may extend above the pixel defining film 290 and be configured as a common layer.

[0407] Alternatively, the second electrode 150 may be disposed on the intermediate layer, and the cover layer 170 may be additionally formed on the second electrode 150. The cover layer 170 may be formed to cover the second electrode 150.

[0408] The encapsulation part 300 may be disposed on the cover layer 170. The encapsulation part 300 may be disposed on the light emitting element to protect the light emitting element from moisture or oxygen. The encapsulation part 300 may include: silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxide (SiO x), indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide or any combination thereof; an inorganic film comprising polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene sulfonate, polyoxymethylene, polyarylate, hexamethyldisiloxane, acrylic resin (for example, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, etc.), epoxy resin (for example, AGE (aliphatic glycidyl ether; aliphatic glycidyl ether) etc.) or any combination thereof; or a combination of an inorganic film and an organic film.

[0409] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device according to another implementation example of the present invention.

[0410] Figure 4 The electronic device is configured with the light shielding pattern 500 and the functional area 400 additionally arranged above the packaging portion 300. Figure 3 The functional area 400 may be: i) a color filter area; ii) a color conversion area; or iii) a combination of a color filter area and a color conversion area. According to an implementation example, Figure 4 The light-emitting elements included in the electronic device may be series-connected light-emitting elements.

[0411] [against Figure 5 Description]

[0412] Figure 51 is a perspective view schematically illustrating an electronic device 1 including a light-emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 1, as a device for displaying dynamic or static images, can be a portable electronic device such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a tablet PC (tablet personal computer), a mobile communication terminal, an electronic manual, an e-book, a PMP (portable multimedia player), a navigation system, or a UMPC (ultra mobile personal computer), and can also be a variety of products such as a television, a laptop computer, a monitor, a billboard, or an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or a portion thereof. Furthermore, the electronic device 1 can be a wearable device such as a smart watch, a watchphone, a glasses-type display, or a head-mounted display (HMD), or a portion thereof. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the electronic device 1 may be a CID (Center Information Display) configured on a car's dashboard, center fascia, or instrument panel, a room mirror display that replaces a car's rearview mirror, an entertainment player configured on a rear seat of a car or a display on the back of a front seat, a head-up display (HUD) installed in front of the vehicle or projected onto the front windshield, or a computer generated hologram augmented reality head-up display (CGH AR HUD). For ease of explanation, Figure 5 The electronic device 1 is shown as a smartphone.

[0413] The electronic device 1 may include a display area DA and a non-display area NDA outside the display area DA. The electronic device 1 may realize an image by an array of a plurality of pixels two-dimensionally arranged in the display area DA.

[0414] The non-display area NDA, which is an area where no images are displayed, may entirely surround the display area DA. Drivers, etc., for providing electrical signals or power to display elements arranged in the display area DA may be located in the non-display area NDA. Pads, or areas that enable electrical connections to electronic components or printed circuit boards, may also be located in the non-display area NDA.

[0415] The length of the electronic device 1 in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction may be different from each other. Figure 5 As shown, the length in the x-axis direction may be shorter than the length in the y-axis direction. As another example, the length in the x-axis direction and the length in the y-axis direction may be the same. As another example, the length in the x-axis direction may be longer than the length in the y-axis direction.

[0416] [against Figure 6 as well as Figures 7a to 7c [Note]

[0417] Figure 6 FIG1 is a diagram schematically showing the exterior of a vehicle 1000 as an electronic device including a light emitting element according to an implementation example of the present invention. Figures 7a to 7c FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the interior of a vehicle 1000 according to various implementation examples of the present invention.

[0418] Reference Figure 6 、 Figure 7a 、 Figure 7b as well as Figure 7c The vehicle 1000 may refer to various devices that move a transported object such as a person, object, or animal from a starting point to a destination. The vehicle 1000 may include a vehicle that travels on roads or tracks, a ship that travels on oceans or rivers, or an airplane that flies through the air.

[0419] Vehicle 1000 can travel on a road or track. Vehicle 1000 can move in a predetermined direction as at least one wheel rotates. For example, vehicle 1000 may include a three-wheeled or four-wheeled vehicle, construction machinery, a two-wheeled vehicle, a prime mover, a bicycle, or a train traveling on a track.

[0420] Vehicle 1000 may include a body having an interior and an exterior, and a chassis, which is the remaining portion of the vehicle and houses the mechanical devices required for driving. The exterior of the body may include a front panel, a hood, a roof panel, a rear panel, a trunk, and pillars defining the boundaries between the doors. The chassis of vehicle 1000 may include a power generation unit, a power transmission unit, a running gear, a steering unit, a braking unit, a suspension unit, a transmission unit, a fuel system, and front, rear, and left and right wheels.

[0421] The vehicle 1000 may include side windows 1100 , a front window 1200 , a rearview mirror 1300 , an instrument panel 1400 , a center console 1500 , a passenger seat instrument panel 1600 , and a display device 2 .

[0422] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 may be divided by a vehicle pillar disposed between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 .

[0423] A side window glass 1100 may be provided on the side of the vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, the side window glass 1100 may be provided on a door of the vehicle 1000. Multiple side window glasses 1100 may be provided, and they may face each other. In one embodiment, the side window glass 1100 may include a first side window glass 1110 and a second side window glass 1120. In one embodiment, the first side window glass 1110 may be positioned adjacent to the instrument panel 1400. The second side window glass 1120 may be positioned adjacent to the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0424] In one embodiment, the side window glasses 1100 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or the -x-axis direction. For example, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x-axis direction or the -x-axis direction. In other words, the virtual straight line L connecting the side window glasses 1100 may extend in the x-axis direction or the -x-axis direction. For example, the virtual straight line L connecting the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may extend in the x-axis direction or the -x-axis direction.

[0425] The front windshield glass 1200 may be provided in front of the vehicle 1000. The front windshield glass 1200 may be disposed between the side windshield glasses 1100 facing each other.

[0426] The rearview mirror 1300 can provide a view of the rear of the vehicle 1000. The rearview mirror 1300 can be disposed on the exterior of the vehicle body. In one embodiment, a plurality of rearview mirrors 1300 can be provided. Any one of the plurality of rearview mirrors 1300 can be disposed on the exterior side of the first side window glass 1110. Another one of the plurality of rearview mirrors 1300 can be disposed on the exterior side of the second side window glass 1120.

[0427] Instrument 1400 may be located in front of the steering wheel and may include a tachometer, a speedometer, a coolant temperature gauge, a fuel gauge, a turn signal indicator, a high beam indicator light, a warning light, a seat belt warning light, an odometer, a driving recorder, an automatic shift selector light, a door open warning light, an oil warning light, and / or a low fuel warning light.

[0428] The center console 1500 may include a control panel provided with a plurality of buttons for adjusting an audio device, an air conditioning device, and heaters of seats. The center console 1500 may be provided on one side of the meter 1400 .

[0429] The passenger-side instrument panel 1600 can be positioned between the center console 1500 and separated from the instrument panel 1400. In one embodiment, the instrument panel 1400 can be positioned corresponding to the driver's seat (not shown), and the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 can be positioned corresponding to the passenger seat (not shown). In one implementation example, the instrument panel 1400 can be adjacent to the first side window 1110, and the passenger-side instrument panel 1600 can be adjacent to the second side window 1120.

[0430] In one embodiment, the display device 2 may include a display panel 3 capable of displaying images. The display device 2 may be disposed inside the vehicle 1000. In one embodiment, the display device 2 may be disposed between facing side windows 1100. The display device 2 may be disposed on at least one of the instrument panel 1400, the center console 1500, and the passenger seat instrument panel 1600.

[0431] The display device 2 may include an organic light emitting display device (Organic Light Emitting Display), an inorganic light emitting display device (Inorganic Light Emitting Display), a quantum dot display device (Quantum dot display), etc. In the following, as a display device 2 according to an implementation example of the present invention, an organic light emitting display device including a light emitting element according to the present invention is used as an example to illustrate, however, the embodiments of the present invention can be used in display devices of various types as described above.

[0432] Reference Figure 7a The display device 2 may be configured on the center console 1500. In one implementation example, the display device 2 may display navigation information. In another implementation example, the display device 2 may display information related to audio, video, or vehicle settings.

[0433] Reference Figure 7b Display device 2 can be configured on instrument panel 1400. In this case, instrument panel 1400 can display operating information and other information via display device 2. In other words, instrument panel 1400 can be implemented digitally. A digital instrument panel 1400 can display vehicle and driving information as images. For example, the tachometer needle and dial, as well as various warning light icons, can be displayed digitally.

[0434] Reference Figure 7c, the display device 2 can be configured on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. The display device 2 can be embedded in the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 or located on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600. In one implementation example, the display device 2 configured on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 can display images related to the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center console 1500. In another implementation example, the display device 2 configured on the passenger seat instrument panel 1600 can display information different from the information displayed on the instrument panel 1400 and / or the information displayed on the center console 1500.

[0435] [Manufacturing method]

[0436] The layers included in the hole transport region 120, the light-emitting layer 130, and the layers included in the electron transport region 140 can be formed in predetermined regions by various methods such as vacuum evaporation, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB), inkjet printing, laser printing, and laser induced thermal imaging (LITI).

[0437] When the layers of the hole transport region 120, the light emitting layer 130, and the layers of the electron transport region 140 are formed by vacuum evaporation, the evaporation conditions may be, for example, a evaporation temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., a temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C., and a temperature of about 100° C. to about 500° C. -8 About 10 -3 Torr vacuum and about to about Within the range of the evaporation rate, the material to be included in the layer to be formed and the structure of the layer to be formed are selected.

[0438] [Definition of terms]

[0439] C3-C in this manual 60 The carbocyclic group means a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and composed only of carbon atoms as ring atoms.

[0440] In addition to carbon, C1-C 60 The heterocyclic group means a ring group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and further containing a heteroatom as a ring-constituting atom.

[0441] The C3-C 60 Carbocyclic and C1-C 60 Each of the heterocyclic groups may be a monocyclic group consisting of one ring or a polycyclic group consisting of two or more rings condensed with each other. 60 The number of ring atoms in the heterocyclic group can be 3 to 61.

[0442] The cyclic groups in this specification include the C3-C60 Carbocyclic and C1-C 60 Both heterocyclic groups.

[0443] The π-electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic group (πelectron-rich C3-C 60 The term "cyclic group" refers to a cyclic group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms and excluding *-N=*' as a ring-forming portion.

[0444] In this specification, the π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 Cyclic group (πelectron-deficientnitrogen-containing C1-C 60 The term "cyclic group" refers to a heterocyclic group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms and including *-N=*' as a ring-forming portion.

[0445] For example,

[0446] The C3-C 60 The carbocyclic group may be: i) a group T1; or ii) a condensed ring in which two or more groups T1 are condensed with each other (e.g., cyclopentadienyl, adamantyl, norbornyl, phenyl, pentalenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, indacenyl, acenaphthenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, phenyl, benzophenanthrenyl ...

[0447] The C1-C 60The heterocyclic group may be: i) a group T2; ii) a condensed ring in which two or more groups T2 are condensed with each other; or iii) a condensed ring in which one or more groups T2 and one or more groups T1 are condensed with each other (for example, pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthoindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthoisoindolyl, benzothiorolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, carbazolyl, dibenzothiorolyl, dibenzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, indenocarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofuranocarbazolyl, benzothiophenocarbazolyl, benzothiorolocarbazolyl, benzindololcarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthothienyl, benzonaphthothiorolyl, benzofuranodibenzofuran ... dibenzothiophene, benzothienodibenzothiophene, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, (e.g., benzoquinolinyl, benzoisoquinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiazolyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azadibenzofuranyl, etc.).

[0448] The π-electron-rich C3-C 60 The cyclic group can be: i) a group T1; ii) a condensed ring in which two or more groups T1 are condensed with each other; iii) a group T3; iv) a condensed ring in which two or more groups T3 are condensed with each other; or v) a condensed ring in which one or more groups T3 and one or more groups T1 are condensed with each other (for example, the C3-C 60 (e.g., carbocyclyl, 1H-pyrrolyl, thiolyl, boroleyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthoindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthoisoindolyl, benzothiolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, carbazolyl, dibenzothiolyl, dibenzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, indenocarbazolyl, indolocarbazolyl, benzofuranocarbazolyl, benzothienocarbazolyl, benzothiololocarbazolyl, benzindololcarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthothienyl, benzonaphthothiolyl, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl, benzofuranodibenzothienyl, benzothienodibenzothienyl, etc.).

[0449] The π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60The cyclic group may be: i) a group T4; ii) a condensed ring in which two or more groups T4 are condensed with each other; iii) a condensed ring in which one or more groups T4 and one or more groups T1 are condensed with each other; iv) a condensed ring in which one or more groups T4 and one or more groups T3 are condensed with each other; or v) a condensed ring in which one or more groups T4, one or more groups T1 and one or more groups T3 are condensed with each other (for example, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, (benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoquinolyl, benzoisoquinolyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazinyl, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiazolyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azadibenzofuranyl, etc.).

[0450] The group T1 can be cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptenyl, adamantane, norbornane (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane), norbornene, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane or phenyl.

[0451] The group T2 can be furyl, thienyl, 1H-pyrrolyl, thiolyl, boroleyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazole (isoxazole) base, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, azathiolyl, azaborolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, dihydropyridinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, tetrahydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, tetrahydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazinyl, tetrahydropyridazinyl or dihydropyridazinyl.

[0452] The group T3 may be a furyl group, a thienyl group, a 1H-pyrrolyl group, a thiol group or a borole group.

[0453] The group T4 can be 2H-pyrrolyl, 3H-pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazole (isoxazole) base, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, azathiazolyl, azaborolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl or tetrazinyl.

[0454] In this specification, the term "cyclic group, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic, π-electron-rich C3-C 60 Cyclic or π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C1-C 60 The term "cyclic group" may be: i) a group condensed to any cyclic group; ii) a monovalent group; or iii) a polyvalent group (eg, a divalent group, a trivalent group, a tetravalent group, etc.), depending on the structure of the chemical formula used for the term.

[0455] For example, "phenyl" may be benzo, phenyl, phenylene, etc., which can be easily understood by those skilled in the art based on the structure of the chemical formula including "phenyl".

[0456] For example, a price of C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and monovalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl, C6-C 60 Aryl, C1-C 60 heteroaryl groups, monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic groups, and monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic groups.

[0457] Divalent C3-C 60 Carbocyclic groups and divalent C1-C 60 Examples of heterocyclic groups may include C3-C 10 Cycloalkylene, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkylene, C3-C 10 Cycloalkenylene, C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenylene, C6-C 60 Arylene, C1-C 60 heteroarylene group, a divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0458] C1-C in this manual 60The alkyl group refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, tert-pentyl, neopentyl, isopentyl, sec-pentyl, 3-pentyl, sec-isopentyl, n-hexyl, isohexyl, sec-hexyl, tert-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, sec-heptyl, tert-heptyl, n-octyl, isooctyl, sec-octyl, tert-octyl, n-nonyl, isononyl, sec-nonyl, tert-nonyl, n-decyl, isodecyl, sec-decyl, tert-decyl, and the like.

[0459] C1-C in this manual 60 Alkylene means a group having a C1-C 60 A divalent group having the same structure as an alkyl group.

[0460] C2-C in this manual 60 Alkenyl refers to a C2-C 60 The alkyl group is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the middle or at the end thereof, and specific examples thereof include ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, and the like.

[0461] C2-C in this manual 60 Alkenylene means a C2-C 60 Alkenyl is a divalent group of the same structure.

[0462] C2-C in this manual 60 Alkynyl means a C2-C 60 The alkyl group is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds in the middle or at the end thereof, and specific examples thereof include ethynyl and propynyl.

[0463] C2-C in this manual 60 Alkyne group means a group having a C2-C 60 Alkynyl is a divalent group of the same structure.

[0464] C1-C in this manual 60 Alkoxy means a group having -OA 101 (Here, A 101 For the C1-C 60 Specific examples thereof include methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy and the like.

[0465] C3-C in this manual 10The cycloalkyl group refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon ring group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and specific examples thereof include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantanyl, norbornanyl (or bicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl), bicyclo[1.1.1]pentyl, bicyclo[2.1.1]hexyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octyl, and the like.

[0466] C3-C in this manual 10 Cycloalkylene refers to a group having a C3-C 10 Cycloalkyl is a divalent group of the same structure.

[0467] C1-C in this manual 10 The heterocycloalkyl group refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and including at least one heteroatom as a ring atom in addition to carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, and the like.

[0468] C1-C in this manual 10 Heterocycloalkylene refers to a group having a C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkyl is a divalent group of the same structure.

[0469] C3-C in this manual 10 The cycloalkenyl group refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, having at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring, or having no aromaticity. Specific examples thereof include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, and cycloheptenyl.

[0470] C3-C in this manual 10 Cycloalkenylene means a group having a C3-C 10 Cycloalkenyl is a divalent group of the same structure.

[0471] C1-C in this manual 10 The heterocycloalkenyl group refers to a monovalent cyclic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and including at least one heteroatom as a ring atom in addition to carbon atoms, and having at least one double bond in the ring. 10 Specific examples of the heterocycloalkenyl group include 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl, 2,3-dihydrofuranyl, 2,3-dihydrothienyl and the like.

[0472] C1-C in this manual10 Heterocycloalkenylene refers to a group having a C1-C 10 Heterocycloalkenyl is a divalent group of the same structure.

[0473] C6-C in this manual 60 The aryl group means a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.

[0474] C6-C 60 The arylene group means a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms.

[0475] The C6-C 60 Specific examples of the aryl group include phenyl, pentalenyl, naphthyl, azulenyl, indacenyl, acenaphthenyl, phenanthrenyl, anthracenyl, fluoranthenyl, triphenylenyl, pyrenyl, phenyl, benzophenone ...

[0476] When the C6-C 60 Aryl and C6-C 60 When the arylene group includes two or more rings, the two or more rings may be condensed with each other.

[0477] C1-C in this manual 60 The heteroaryl group means a monovalent group of a heterocyclic aromatic system which includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-constituting atom in addition to carbon atoms and has a carbon number of 1 to 60.

[0478] C1-C 60 The heteroarylene group means a divalent group which includes at least one heteroatom as a ring-constituting atom in addition to carbon atoms and has a heterocyclic aromatic system having 1 to 60 carbon atoms.

[0479] The C1-C 60 Specific examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, quinolyl, benzoquinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoisoquinolyl, quinoxalinyl, benzoquinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, benzoquinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, and the like.

[0480] When the C1-C 60 Heteroaryl and C1-C 60 When the heteroarylene group includes two or more rings, the two or more rings may be condensed with each other.

[0481] In this specification, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) in which two or more rings are condensed with each other and the entire molecule has non-aromaticity. Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include indenyl, fluorenyl, spiro-bifluorenyl, benzofluorenyl, indenophenanthryl, indenoanthryl, and the like.

[0482] The divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group in the present specification means a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

[0483] In the present specification, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group means a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60 carbon atoms) in which two or more rings are condensed with each other and at least one heteroatom is included as a ring-constituting atom in addition to carbon atoms, and the entire molecule has non-aromatic properties. Specific examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include pyrrolyl, thienyl, furyl, indolyl, benzindolyl, naphthoindolyl, isoindolyl, benzisoindolyl, naphthoisoindolyl, benzothiorolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, carbazolyl, dibenzothiorolyl, dibenzothiophenyl, dibenzofuranyl, azacarbazolyl, azafluorenyl, azadibenzothiorolyl, azadibenzothiophenyl, azadibenzofuranyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazole yl, benzopyrazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, imidazopyrimidinyl, imidazotriazine, imidazopyrazinyl, imidazopyridazinyl, indenocarbazolyl, indolecarbazolyl, benzofuranocarbazolyl, benzothienocarbazolyl, benzothiorrolocarbazolyl, benzoindolecarbazolyl, benzocarbazolyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzonaphthothiophene, benzonaphthothiorryl, benzofuranodibenzofuranyl, benzofuranodibenzothiophene, benzothienodibenzothiophene and the like.

[0484] The divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group in the present specification means a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

[0485] C6-C in this manual 60 Aryloxy refers to -OA 102 (Here, A 102 For the C6-C 60 aryl).

[0486] The C6-C 60 Arylthio refers to -SA 103 (Here, A 103 For the C6-C 60 aryl).

[0487] C7-C in this manual 60 Aralkyl refers to -A 104 A 105 (Here, A 104 C1-C 54 Alkylene, A 105 C6-C 59 aryl).

[0488] C2-C in this manual 60 Heteroaralkyl refers to -A 106 A 107 (Here, A 106 C1-C 59 Alkylene, A 107 C1-C 59 heteroaryl).

[0489] In this manual, “R 10a ” can be:

[0490] Deuterium (-D), -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano or nitro;

[0491] Deuterium, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aralkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 11 )(Q 12 )(Q 13 )、-N(Q 11 )(Q 12 )、-B(Q 11 )(Q 12 ),-C(=O)(Q 11 )、-S(=O)2(Q 11 ),-P(=O)(Q 11 )(Q 12 ) or any combination thereof, substituted or unsubstituted C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl or C1-C 60 alkoxy;

[0492] Deuterated, -F, -Cl, -Br, -I, hydroxyl, cyano, nitro, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C2-C 60 Alkenyl, C2-C 60 Alkynyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aralkyl, C2-C 60 Heteroaralkyl, -Si(Q 21 )(Q 22 )(Q 23 )、-N(Q 21 )(Q 22 )、-B(Q 21 )(Q 22 ),-C(=O)(Q 21 )、-S(=O)2(Q 21 ),-P(=O)(Q 21 )(Q 22 ) or any combination thereof substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic group, C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group, C6-C 60 Aryloxy, C6-C 60 Arylthio, C7-C 60 Aralkyl or C2-C 60 heteroarylalkyl; or

[0493] -Si(Q 31 )(Q 32 )(Q 33 )、-N(Q 31 )(Q 32 )、-B(Q 31 )(Q 32 ),-C(=O)(Q 31 )、-S(=O)2(Q 31 ) or -P(=O)(Q 31 )(Q 32 ).

[0494] Q in this manual 11 To Q 13 , Q 21 To Q 23 and Q 31 To Q 33may be independently hydrogen; deuterium; -F; -Cl; -Br; -I; hydroxyl; cyano; nitro; C1-C 60 Alkyl; C2-C 60 Alkenyl; C2-C 60 Alkynyl; C1-C 60 Alkoxy; or deuterated, -F, cyano, C1-C 60 Alkyl, C1-C 60 Alkoxy, phenyl, biphenyl or any combination thereof substituted or unsubstituted C3-C 60 Carbocyclic or C1-C 60 Heterocyclic group.

[0495] In this specification, a heteroatom refers to any atom other than a carbon atom. Examples of the heteroatom include O, S, N, P, Si, B, Ge, Se, or any combination thereof.

[0496] The third-row transition metals in this specification include hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), and gold (Au).

[0497] In the present specification, "D" may refer to deuterium, "Ph" may refer to phenyl, "Me" may refer to methyl, "Et" may refer to ethyl, "tert-Bu", " t Bu" or "Bu t " may refer to tert-butyl group, and "OMe" may refer to methoxy group.

[0498] In this specification, "biphenyl" means "phenyl substituted by phenyl". The "biphenyl" belongs to a group whose substituent is "C6-C 60 "substituted phenyl" or "aryl".

[0499] In this specification, "terphenyl" means "phenyl substituted by biphenyl". The "terphenyl" may belong to i) the substituent is "substituted by C6-C 60 Aryl-substituted C6-C 60 The "substituted phenyl" of "aryl" may also belong to ii) the substituents are two and each substituent is "C6-C 60 "substituted phenyl" or "aryl".

[0500] Unless otherwise defined, * and *' in the present specification refer to bonding sites with adjacent atoms in the corresponding chemical formula or moiety.

[0501] In this specification, the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the z-axis direction are not limited to the three axes in the rectangular coordinate system, and can be interpreted as including a broad meaning. For example, the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the z-axis direction can be orthogonal to each other, but can also refer to different directions that are not orthogonal to each other.

[0502] Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples are given to more specifically describe an organic compound and a light-emitting element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0503] Evaluation Example 1 (Evaluation of PLQY and Triplet Exciton Lifetime)

[0504] HTH2 as a hole transporting host, ETH2 as an electron transporting host, and the organic compounds listed in Table 1 below were formed at a weight ratio of 49:49:2. For each of the films, i) photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY), ii) delayed fluorescence quantum yields (Φ DF ), iii) photoluminescence quantum yield of transient fluorescence (Φ PF ) and iv) triplet exciton lifetime (τ d ) are shown in Table 1 below. The PLQY was calculated by measuring the luminescence quantum yield at an excitation wavelength range of 280 nm to 320 nm using an integrating sphere and averaging the results. The photoluminescence quantum yield of delayed fluorescence and the photoluminescence quantum yield of transient fluorescence relative to the overall PLQY were calculated from the amplitudes of components 1 and 2 of the TRPL (transient PL decay) curve. The overall PLQY is the sum of the photoluminescence quantum yields of delayed fluorescence and transient fluorescence.

[0505]

Table 1

[0506]

[0507]

[0508] As can be seen from Table 1, compared to compounds DF1 to DF5, the organic compounds DFD13 and DFD14, each of which has both short charge transfer (short CT) characteristics and long charge transfer (long CT) characteristics by appropriately including both a portion with a relatively close distance between the HOMO region and the LUMO region and a portion with a relatively far distance between the HOMO region and the LUMO region, have a Φ PF / (Φ PF +Φ DF ) value is large, and its triplet exciton lifetime is short.

[0509] Evaluation Example 2 (Evaluation ΔE ST and f)

[0510] The temperature was 300K and the -5 The PL spectra of the reagents containing the organic compounds listed in Table 2 below dissolved in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of M were measured at a temperature of 77 K. -5 The PL spectrum of the reagent M that dissolves the organic compound is then used to calculate ΔE as the difference between the onsets of the two PL spectra. ST The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0511] The oscillator strength f value was calculated using the Gaussian 16 simulation, and the results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0512]

Table 2

[0513]

[0514] As can be seen from Table 2, each of the organic compounds DFD13 and DFD14, which appropriately have both short charge transfer (short CT) characteristics and long charge transfer (long CT) characteristics, has an oscillator strength similar to that of compounds DF1 to DF5, but has a lower ΔE than compounds DF1 to DF5. ST , and thus suitable for use as a TADF substance.

[0515] Evaluation Example 3 (Evaluation k r S 、k ISC and k RISC )

[0516] Using the singlet exciton lifetime (τ p ) was used to calculate the k of each organic compound listed in Table 3 below. r S ,use Calculate k ISC ,use Calculate k RISC (Φ PF is the photoluminescence quantum yield of transient fluorescence (PFPLQY), Φ DF is the delayed fluorescence photoluminescence quantum yield (DF PLQY), and the results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0517]

Table 3

[0518] organic compounds <![CDATA[k r S (10 7 s -1 )]]> <![CDATA[k ISC (10 6 s -1 )]]> <![CDATA[k RISC (10 4 s -1 )]]> DF1 11 11 6 DF2 5 8 5 DF3 18 11 6 DF4 18 12 6 DF5 14 8 4 DFD13 8 1 24 DFD14 9 3 38

[0519] As can be seen from Table 3, the organic compounds DFD13 and DFD14, which appropriately have both short charge transfer (short CT) characteristics and long charge transfer (long CT) characteristics, each have a relatively large k RISC And satisfy the above formula 3, and have a relatively small k ISC And satisfy the above formula 1.

[0520] Comparative Example 1

[0521] The anode is formed with a 15Ω / cm 2 The glass substrate with ITO electrode (Corning product) was cut into a size of 50mm×50mm×0.7mm, ultrasonically cleaned with isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 5 minutes each, irradiated with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes, exposed to ozone for cleaning, and then installed in a vacuum evaporation device.

[0522] NPD was vacuum evaporated on the anode to form HT3 was vacuum evaporated on the hole injection layer to form a hole injection layer. CzSi is vacuum evaporated on the hole transport layer to form a hole transport layer. Thick electron blocking layer.

[0523] A host mixture of ETH2 (electron transporting host) and HTH17 (hole transporting host) mixed in a ratio of 1:1, PD39 (sensitizer) and compound DF1 (organic compound, dopant) were vacuum-deposited on the electron blocking layer in a weight ratio of 85:14:1 to form a Thickness of the luminescent layer.

[0524] TSPO1 is vacuum-evaporated on the light-emitting layer to form TPBi is vacuum-deposited on the hole blocking layer to form a hole blocking layer. The electron transport layer is formed by vacuum evaporation of LiF on the electron transport layer. After the electron injection layer of thickness, Al was vacuum-deposited to form A cathode having a thickness of 100 Å was formed to form a LiF / Al electrode, thereby manufacturing a light-emitting element.

[0525]

[0526]

[0527] Comparative Examples 2 to 5 and Examples 1 and 2

[0528] A light-emitting element was manufactured by the same method as in Comparative Example 1, except that the organic compounds listed in Table 4 below were used instead of Compound DF1 in forming the light-emitting layer.

[0529]

[0530] Evaluation Example 4 (Evaluation of Luminous Efficiency and Lifespan of Light-Emitting Element)

[0531] The luminous efficiency (Cd / A) and lifespan (LT) of the light-emitting elements manufactured in each of Comparative Examples 1 to 5, Example 1, and Example 2 were calculated. 95 , hr), respectively at 10mA / cm 2 The lifetime (LT 95 ) represents the time (hr) required to reach 95% of the initial brightness. The measurement results are shown in Table 4 below as relative values ​​compared with Comparative Example 1. Furthermore, Table 4 also shows whether the results of Evaluation Examples 1 to 3 satisfy Formulas 1 to 8 (satisfied: 0, not satisfied: X). The values ​​in parentheses refer to the values ​​for each formula.

[0532]

Table 4

[0533]

[0534]

[0535] As can be seen from Table 4, the organic compounds DFD13 and DFD14, which appropriately have both short charge transfer (short CT) characteristics and long charge transfer (long CT) characteristics, satisfy Formulas 1 to 8. Examples 1 and 2 using them have similar luminous efficiency to Comparative Examples 1 to 5 using compounds DF1 to DF5 that do not at least satisfy Formula 1, while having excellent lifespan.

Claims

1. A light-emitting element, wherein: include: a first electrode; a second electrode, opposite to the first electrode; as well as an intermediate layer, disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and comprising a light-emitting layer, The intermediate layer contains boron and includes an organic compound satisfying the following formula 1: <Formula 1> k ISC / k RISC ≤10 In the formula 1, k ISC is the intersystem crossing velocity constant, k RISC is the inverse intersystem crossing velocity constant.

2. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The intermediate layer further comprises a hole transporting host, an electron transporting host, a sensitizer or any combination thereof, The organic compound, the hole-transporting host, the electron-transporting host, and the sensitizer are each different from one another.

3. The light-emitting element according to claim 2, wherein The hole-transporting host and the electron-transporting host form an exciplex.

4. The light-emitting element according to claim 2, wherein The hole-transporting host is a compound including at least one carbazole group.

5. The light-emitting element according to claim 2, wherein The electron-transporting host is a compound including at least one π-electron-deficient nitrogen-containing six-membered ring. The light-emitting element according to claim 2 , wherein The sensitizer includes a transition metal.

7. The light-emitting element according to claim 2, wherein The light-emitting layer includes: i) the organic compound; and ii) the hole-transporting host, the electron-transporting host, the sensitizer, or any combination thereof.

8. The light-emitting element according to claim 1, wherein The light emitting layer emits blue light having a maximum emission wavelength of 450 nm to 470 nm.

9. An electronic device, wherein: The light-emitting element according to claim 1 is included.

10. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein: The electronic device further includes a thin film transistor electrically connected to the light emitting element.

11. The electronic device according to claim 9, wherein: The electronic device further includes a color filter, a color conversion layer, a touch screen layer, a polarization layer, or any combination thereof.

12. An electronic device, wherein: comprising the light-emitting element according to claim 1, The electronic device is one of a flat panel display, a curved display, a computer monitor, a medical monitor, a television, a billboard, indoor or outdoor lighting and / or signaling, a head-up display, a fully transparent or partially transparent display, a flexible display, a rollable display, a foldable display, a stretchable display, a laser printer, a phone, a portable phone, a tablet computer, a tablet phone, a personal digital assistant, a wearable device, a laptop computer, a digital camera, a camcorder, a viewfinder, a microdisplay, a three-dimensional display, a virtual reality or augmented reality display, a vehicle, a video wall comprising multiple displays stitched together, a theater or stadium screen, a light therapy device, and a plaque.

13. An organic compound, wherein Contains boron and satisfies the following formula 1: <Formula 1> k ISC / k RISC ≤10 In the formula 1, k ISC is the intersystem crossing velocity constant, k RISC is the inverse intersystem crossing velocity constant.

14. The organic compound according to claim 13, wherein The organic compound further satisfies at least one of the following formulas 2 and 3: <Formula 2> k ISC ≥10 5 s -1 <Formula 3> k RISC ≥10 5 s -1 。 15. The organic compound according to claim 13, wherein The organic compound further satisfies at least one of the following formulas 4 and 5: <Formula 4> k r S >k ISC <Formula 5> k r S >k RISC In the formula 4 and the formula 5, k r S is the luminescence rate constant of the lowest singlet excited state.

16. The organic compound according to claim 13, wherein The organic compound also satisfies the following formula 6: <Formula 6> k r S ≥10 7 s -1 In the formula 6, k r S is the luminescence rate constant of the lowest singlet excited state.

17. The organic compound according to claim 13, wherein The organic compound also satisfies the following formula 7: <Formula 7> F PF / (Φ PF +F DF )≥90% In the above formula 7, Φ PF is the photoluminescence quantum yield of transient fluorescence, Φ DF is the photoluminescence quantum yield of delayed fluorescence.

18. The organic compound according to claim 13, wherein The organic compound also satisfies the following formula 8: <Formula 8> △E ST ≤0.15eV In the formula 8, △E ST It is the energy difference between the lowest singlet excited state and the lowest triplet excited state of the organic compound.

19. The organic compound according to claim 13, wherein The organic compound contains at least one nitrogen.

20. The organic compound according to claim 13, wherein The organic compound includes a heterocyclic group containing boron and nitrogen as ring atoms.

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