Device, machine and method for coating a carrier substrate in the form of a web with a dry film

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for coating a dry film (003) onto a web-shaped carrier substrate (006), the apparatus comprising at least one first application unit (101) comprising a first roller (102) and a second roller (103) that rotates in the opposite direction to the first roller (102) and forms a first gap (104) with the first roller, the apparatus further comprising a first pressing roller (103'; 106) that, together with the second roller (103) or another roller disposed between the first pressing roller (103'; 106) and the second roller (103), forms a second gap (107) through which a substrate path for the carrier substrate (006) to be coated is guided, and the apparatus comprising a measuring device (413) for measuring the basis weight (FG) of the dry film (003), the measuring device comprising sensor elements (413.1; 413.2). An adjustment drive device (109; 111) is provided for adjusting the slit width (b104) of the first slit (104) and / or for adjusting the first roller (102; 103) toward the second roller (103), and a drive mechanism (148; 149) is provided for at least rotating the first roller or the second roller (102; 103) to drive it, wherein the sensor element (413.1; 413.2) of the measuring device (143) serves as an adjustment loop (R) for adjusting the weight (FG). FG ;R' FG The components of the device are connected to a control and / or adjustment device (156) which is configured to: change the slit width (b104) of the first slit (104) based on the weight (FG) determined by the measuring device (143), via a signal connection with the drive mechanism (132; 155) of the adjustment drive device (109; 111), and / or change the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102) and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) via a signal connection with the drive mechanism (148; 149) of the first roller (102; 103). Additionally, the present invention relates to a method for coating a dry film (003) onto a web-shaped carrier substrate (008).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an apparatus, machine, and method for coating a dry film onto a web-like carrier substrate. Background Technology

[0002] According to DE102017208220A1, an apparatus and method for coating a carrier substrate are known, wherein a dry film is formed in a gap between a first roller and a second roller, and in one embodiment, the dry film is transferred onto the carrier substrate in a gap with another roller. The rollers operate at differential speeds to form fibrils. The load and density can be adjusted by the rotational speed or circumferential speed of the first and second rollers and the clamping force acting toward the calendering gap or roller gap.

[0003] US2015 / 0224529A1 discloses an apparatus for coating an object with a coating material, wherein the coating material primarily comprises 20 to 65% by volume water. A layer is formed between a first roller and a second roller, wherein the first roller has improved conveying characteristics for better output, such as a rougher surface, and the two rollers are capable of operating at different speeds. It is also advantageous to adjust the gap width or relative speed between the first and second rollers to obtain a definite basis weight, or weight per unit area, of the electrode material mixture.

[0004] JP2018-206595A relates to a machine for producing electrodes, comprising an application device by which an active material containing a solvent is applied to a metal foil web. A dryer is located downstream of the application device, and a device for checking the basis weight of the electrode material is located after the dryer, wherein the basis weight is checked by non-destructive testing along the conveying path of the electrode web. For this purpose, the web, pre-deflected with a defined stroke, is clamped between two points in the conveying path; the weight of each segment of the deflected and clamped web is determined and compared to a target range. If a deviation occurs, a signal is sent to the feeding device to stop the web feeding, and a signal is sent to the application device to control the supply amount by correspondingly manipulating the dispensing gap.

[0005] CN115621408A discloses a machine for producing electrode strips, wherein, in one embodiment, the current collector material is unwound from a winding machine, then coated with a powder film formed from powder provided by a corresponding roller structure through a roller array consisting of four rollers arranged on both sides in the coating slit of an application device, and then wound back into a roll on the output side. In this embodiment, a detection device for detecting the quality of the material strip is provided between the coating device and the winding machine. This detection device may optionally also detect the weight of the electrode strip by beta-ray, its thickness by laser measurement, or the width of the electrode strip by a corresponding measuring device. The detection device may also be configured to mark segments of poor quality by a corresponding mechanism.

[0006] JP2021-801347A discloses a basis weight measuring device that allows for high-precision, non-destructive measurement of the basis weight of an electrode active material layer, and also discloses a method for manufacturing the electrode. The measuring device includes an ultrasonic transmission measurement unit with an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver, and distance sensors located on both sides for determining thickness. In a first step, the electrode is manufactured by coating an active material onto a current collector and then drying it. Then, in a measurement step, the basis weight of the electrode produced in this manner is determined. If the measured value is not within the allowable range, the electrode does not proceed to the next process. In the next step, electrodes with measured values ​​within the allowable range are pressed between a pair of rollers, and their basis weight is measured again in a subsequent step. Again, electrodes with measured values ​​outside the allowable range do not proceed to the next process. Afterwards, qualified electrodes are wound, encapsulated with an electrolyte, aged, or subjected to similar treatments. For measurement, the ultrasonic transmission measurement unit and distance sensors move within the electrode surface. In a second embodiment, the measuring device can be arranged in the application device for online measurement, wherein the ultrasonic transmitter and receiver are arranged behind the distance sensor along the electrode feeding direction.

[0007] KR102359521B1 discloses an apparatus for dry coating an active material layer onto a current collector web. A first roller and a second roller are provided on each web side, and an active material layer is formed between the first and second rollers. The corresponding active material layer is applied to the current collector web at a pressing point between the two second rollers. First and second devices are provided for adjusting the distance between the first and second rollers, allowing for independent adjustment of the distance between them. The first and second devices include mechanical cylinders driven by servo motors. Furthermore, a third device is provided for adjusting the roller gap formed between the second rollers. Thus, the electrode thickness can be easily controlled by the gap width. In one embodiment, a cylinder located between the second rollers can also be provided to maintain a constant gap.

[0008] WO2022 / 169237A1 relates to a laminating apparatus with roller pairs for producing electrode units, by means of which a first electrode, a diaphragm, a second electrode, a second diaphragm, and a third electrode can be pressed together. The rollers of the laminating roller pair can be pressed together at their ends by pressure cylinders.

[0009] US2012 / 0246917A1 relates to a pressing apparatus for pressing an electrode strip from a current collector that has been segmented and coated with an active material slurry. The electrode strip passes through two pressing rollers, each supported externally by a support roller. The position or contact pressure of the lower support roller is controlled by a first hydraulic cylinder system. To prevent the pressing roller from falling into the gap between two coated strip segments, a rearward end for identifying the coated segment is provided, and a second hydraulic system is provided to maintain the gap relative to the first hydraulic system at a gap width equal to the thickness of the pressed product strip containing the active material.

[0010] US3,600,747A relates to a calender for producing strip products, the strips being made of materials such as rubber, plastic, paper, or other materials used in tire treads. Thickness fluctuations can be caused by system-related effects and inconsistencies in the rubber material itself. To overcome these thickness fluctuations, a device for controlling thickness is provided, wherein the gap width is controlled according to the final wire thickness. Here, a positioning cylinder is used to adjust the rollers, which receives a precise metering of pressurized fluid from a metering cylinder of an amplifier system via a fluid line. Here, the metering cylinder is driven by a piston of a double-acting cylinder-piston system controlled by a servo valve based on thickness fluctuations recorded on the product strip.

[0011] US2009 / 0325045A1 relates to a machine for introducing interruptions into the active material layer of an electrode web unwound from a spool, wherein means for introducing laterally distributed interruptions are provided in the web path. The strip to be scribed is guided at the inlet of the scriber by guide rollers and pressed against one of two scriber cylinders at the outlet by auxiliary drive rollers. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus, machine and method for coating a dry film onto a web-shaped carrier substrate.

[0013] The advantages of this invention are particularly evident in that the apparatus enables the reliable production of coated carrier substrates having an active material layer with the most uniform and / or defined capacitance.

[0014] In a particularly suitable embodiment of the invention, for an apparatus for coating a carrier substrate with a powdered material, particularly by a dry method, the apparatus includes at least: a first application unit comprising a first roller and a second roller that rotates in the opposite direction to the first roller depending on operation, wherein the first roller and the second roller form a first gap in a roller gap between their shell surfaces, through which a first dry film is formed or can be formed by the powdered material to be fed through the first gap; and a first pressing roller forming a second gap with the second roller or another roller disposed between the first pressing roller and the second roller, through which a substrate path of the carrier substrate to be coated is guided, so as to apply or be able to apply the dry film formed in the first gap to the carrier substrate guided through the second gap on a first side. The apparatus also includes a measuring device comprising a sensor element configured to determine the basis weight of at least one first dry film or a value related to and / or representing basis weight.

[0015] To adjust the slit width of the first slit and / or to adjust the direction of the first roller toward the second roller, an adjustment drive device is provided. This drive device preferably drives at least one of the first or second rollers to rotate, and preferably includes a drive mechanism that drives at least one of the first or second rollers to rotate. The sensor element of the measuring device, as part of an adjustment loop for adjusting the weight, communicates with the control and / or adjustment device. This control and / or adjustment device is configured to change the slit width of the first slit based on the weight determined by the measuring device or a value representing the weight, through a signal connection with the drive mechanism of the adjustment drive device, and / or to change the ratio between the circumferential speed of the first roller and the circumferential speed of the second roller, particularly the circumferential speed of the first roller relative to the circumferential speed of the second roller, through an indirect or direct signal connection with the drive mechanism that drives the second roller, particularly the drive mechanism that drives the first roller.

[0016] This regulating loop ensures a defined, area-dependent capacity. If deviations remain in density and / or thickness, they can be overcome, for example, by applying appropriate pressure in subsequent calendering processes, either online or offline.

[0017] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the control and / or regulating device maintains a signal connection with the control and / or regulating device of the drive mechanism that rotates the first roller, wherein the control and / or regulating mechanism is configured to: in order to adjust the areal density to a rated value or a value within an allowable range, change the circumferential speed of the first roller in a defined manner, and in a manner predetermined by the control and / or regulating device, relative to the circumferential speed of the second roller. In other words, here, the control and / or regulating device can adjust or adjust the areal density by changing the ratio of the circumferential speeds of the two rollers.

[0018] Thus, for example, there exists a first operating state in which the circumferential speed of the first roller is in a first ratio to the circumferential speed of the second roller, and the weight or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the permissible range; and there exists a second operating state in which, after the circumferential speed of the first roller is changed by the control and / or adjustment device, a second ratio different from the first ratio exists for the circumferential speed, and the weight or its value is equal to the rated value or at least within the permissible range.

[0019] The drive mechanism for rotating the first roller is preferably designed as a drive motor for driving the first roller separately and / or mechanically independent of the drive device for the second roller, particularly as a servo motor with controllable or adjustable speed and / or position.

[0020] It is particularly advantageous that, for changes in the circumferential speed in the control and / or adjustment device, a particularly linearly decreasing relationship is maintained between the relative difference, for example expressed as a percentage, between the circumferential speed of the second roller and the first roller on one side, which is related to the circumferential speed of the second roller, or the magnitude of the difference, and the weight or a quantity representing the weight on the other side, along which the change in the speed ratio occurs or may occur.

[0021] By changing the speed ratio, especially in conjunction not only with an adjusting drive that includes a stop mechanism, it is particularly advantageous that the change or correction can be made in a simple manner without mechanical adjustment.

[0022] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the control and / or adjusting device is effectively connected to a drive device included by an adjusting drive device, which is configured to change the gap width of the first slit in a defined manner and predetermined by the control and / or adjusting device in order to adjust the areal density to a rated value or a value within a permissible range. In other words, the areal density can be adjusted or adjustable by means of the control and / or adjusting device, by changing the gap width between the first and second rollers.

[0023] Thus, for example, there exists a first operating state in which a first gap width exists and the weight or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the permissible range; and there exists a second operating state in which, after a change is caused by the control and / or adjustment device by means of the drive device, a second gap width different from the first gap width exists and the weight or its value is equal to the rated value or at least within the permissible range.

[0024] By changing the gap width, not only can it be adjusted, but in particular, by combining a position-based adjustment drive and / or the drive exhibiting a greater range of adjustment, and / or by using a contact / separation mechanism that can be set as needed to simultaneously adjust or change the gap width.

[0025] If, in a preferred embodiment, two of the above-described adjustment loops are provided, then, for example, the relative speed is changed when the deviation is small, and the gap width is changed when the deviation exceeds a certain size or exceeds the control range of the relative speed.

[0026] In a particularly preferred embodiment, moreover, especially in conjunction with a gap width adjustment loop, the gap width between the first and second rollers can be adjusted based on a position-based adjustment drive, i.e., the gap width can be adjusted, for example, to a constant and / or defined gap width. The adjustment drive for adjusting the gap width of the first gap and / or for adjusting the direction of the first roller toward the second roller is specifically designed as a position-based adjustment drive, i.e., an adjustment drive pointing to a defined and maintainable gap width or the relative position of the rollers.

[0027] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, such a position-based adjustment drive includes a drive mechanism that is adjustable according to position, i.e., controlled or adjusted relative to its position. Preferably, for this purpose, a double-acting cylinder-piston system operable by pressurized fluid, particularly hydraulically, through the adjustment mechanism can be provided.

[0028] In another preferred embodiment, such a position-based adjustment drive may include a stop mechanism that defines the contact position in the direction toward the pressure section and whose position can be adjusted by a drive mechanism, and a drive device that includes adjusting the two rollers relative to each other by means of the stop mechanism.

[0029] As a drive mechanism that can change and / or adjust the gap width, the position-adjustable drive mechanism can be effectively connected to the control and / or adjustment device in the first variant or the adjustment mechanism of the adjustable stop mechanism can be effectively connected in the second variant.

[0030] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the arrangement of the drive mechanisms for adjusting motion, these drive mechanisms are engaged directly or indirectly on the first and second rollers at their two actuating ends and are configured to shorten the distance between the actuating ends and / or to introduce adjusting and / or pulling forces pointing in opposite directions between the two rollers or between the subframes of the two carrying rollers through the two actuating ends.

[0031] Measuring devices for determining weight or its value are particularly designed for online measurement, i.e., measurement is performed while the machine is running.

[0032] In an embodiment that is advantageous for measuring the accuracy of a single film, the measuring device is arranged and configured to determine the basis weight or its value by measuring at a location in the conveying path of the dry film after the first roller gap and before the portion applied to the carrier substrate and / or applied to the second roller.

[0033] In a particularly advantageous alternative embodiment related to consumption, the measuring device is arranged on a second substrate path segment and / or on the substrate path in such a way as to determine the weight or its quantity by measurement on the product strip.

[0034] For all the above embodiments and designs, in a particularly advantageous embodiment of the machine, a second application unit is provided in the substrate path. This second application unit includes a first roller and a second roller, and forms a first slit for film formation in a pressing portion between its shell surfaces. A dried powder mixture can also be fed through the first slit to form a second dry film. The second roller of the second application unit, or a roller of the second application unit that directly interacts with the second roller or indirectly interacts through one or more other rollers, acts as a pressing roller together with the second roller or other rollers of the first application unit to form a second slit serving as a double-sided lamination slit, so that the substrate guided through the second slit in the substrate path is loaded on both sides with the dry film formed in the corresponding first slit of the second application unit. Therefore, the first and second application units constitute a dual application unit for simultaneous application on both sides.

[0035] Preferably, an adjustment drive device is provided for adjusting the slit width of the first slit on the second application unit and / or for adjusting the first roller of the second application unit toward the second roller of the second application unit, and a drive mechanism for rotatably driving the first roller of the second application unit is provided for rotatably driving the first roller of the second application unit. The sensor element of the measuring device, as part of the adjustment loop for adjusting the weight, maintains signal communication with the control and / or adjustment device, which is configured to: change the slit width of the first slit of the second application unit according to the weight or a value representing the weight determined by the measuring device, through a signal connection with the drive mechanism of the adjustment drive device, and / or change the circumferential speed of the first roller of the second application unit relative to the circumferential speed of the second roller of the second application unit through a direct or indirect signal connection with the drive device driving the first roller of the second application unit.

[0036] The design of the aforementioned adjustment circuit, adjustment drive device, drive mechanism, operating state, and other details can be applied and adapted accordingly to the content described for the first application unit.

[0037] In a particularly suitable embodiment of the invention, for a machine used to coat, in particular, a powdered material on a carrier substrate, the machine includes: a substrate uncoiler arranged on the input side of the machine and configured to feed a web-shaped carrier substrate to be unwound from a substrate roll onto a substrate path guiding through the machine; and a first substrate path segment configured to feed the web-shaped carrier substrate from the substrate uncoiler to an application stage, wherein the application stage is preferably designed in the manner described above, in the claims, or in the specification. The machine further includes: a second substrate path segment configured to feed a web-shaped carrier material coated with a dry film on at least a first side as a product strip to a product winding machine, or as a product segment to a stacking cantilever via a transverse cutter; and a measuring device including a sensor element configured to determine the basis weight of at least one first dry film or a value related to and / or representing basis weight.

[0038] When a dry film made of powdered material is coated onto a web-shaped carrier substrate, particularly when using a machine as described above and explained in more detail in exemplary embodiments, the web-shaped carrier substrate to be unwound from the substrate roll is fed to the machine on the input side by a substrate uncoiler in the form of a carrier substrate web. The web-shaped carrier substrate is segmented and fed to the application stage via a first substrate path. In the application stage, at least one first dry film is formed from the powdered material through a first gap formed between a first roller and a second roller, and the first dry film is applied to at least one first side of the carrier substrate in a second gap formed by a first pressure roller and a second roller or another roller disposed between the second roller and the pressure roller. Downstream, the web-shaped carrier material with the dry film on the first side is segmented and fed as a product strip to a product winding machine via a second substrate path, or as a product segment to a stacking cantilever via a transverse cutter, wherein the basis weight or a value related to and / or representing basis weight of at least one first dry film is determined online by a measuring device including sensor elements.

[0039] In order to adjust the weight to a predetermined value or a value within an allowable range, the gap width of the first slit and / or the ratio between the circumferential speed of the first roller and the circumferential speed of the second roller are now changed according to the current weight or a value representing the weight as determined by the measuring device.

[0040] In the above context, the phrase "control and / or regulation device or control and / or regulation mechanism" should be understood here and below as the design of a control and / or regulation device or control and / or regulation mechanism having switching or regulating electronics designed according to the required functions and / or logic, or having corresponding programming and implementation of switching and / or regulation algorithms.

[0041] Other advantageous designs and modifications to the above-described machine or method may be learned individually or in combination with the claims and the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings and described in more detail below.

[0043] in:

[0044] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic of the product to be manufactured;

[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram showing the generation and application of the dry film is provided.

[0046] Figure 3 An embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the first set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0047] Figure 4 Show Figure 3 An enlarged view of the application stage of the first implementation scheme;

[0048] Figure 5 Alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments are shown;

[0049] Figure 6 Further alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments are shown;

[0050] Figure 7 Further alternative embodiments of the first set of embodiments are shown;

[0051] Figure 8 A schematic diagram illustrating an implementation scheme of the second set of embodiments is shown;

[0052] Figure 9 A schematic diagram illustrating another embodiment of the second set of embodiments is shown;

[0053] Figure 10 An embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate;

[0054] Figure 11 This illustrates a design with two rollers connected in pairs, according to the first design. Figure 10 A magnified view of the application phase;

[0055] Figure 12 This illustrates a design according to the second specification, featuring two rollers connected in pairs. Figure 10 A magnified view of the application phase;

[0056] Figure 13 An illustration showing the removal device as viewed from a slightly below angle;

[0057] Figure 14 An oblique view showing a product segment with a slight excess of primer on the side;

[0058] Figure 15 Another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate is shown;

[0059] Figure 16 Another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate is shown;

[0060] Figure 17 Another embodiment of a machine for manufacturing a multilayer product by utilizing the application stage of an embodiment according to the second set of embodiments to apply a dry film to a carrier substrate is shown;

[0061] Figure 18 A perspective view showing an embodiment of an application unit having a multi-piece rack, particularly a dual application unit;

[0062] Figure 19 The basis for showing a multi-piece rack is shown. Figure 18 A perspective view of an embodiment of an application unit, particularly a dual application unit;

[0063] Figure 20 A cross-sectional view of a sub-rack of a multi-piece rack is shown;

[0064] Figure 21 A schematic cross-sectional view showing the storage area of ​​the sub-rack;

[0065] Figure 22 A cross-sectional view of a subframe having a stop mechanism for defining positioning movements is shown;

[0066] Figure 23 A schematic diagram of a roller having two mutually inclined axes of rotation is shown.

[0067] Figure 24 A front view of a subframe with bearings that enable pivoting is shown;

[0068] Figure 25 A cross-sectional view is shown of an alternative embodiment of an application unit with a multi-piece rack, particularly a dual application unit;

[0069] Figure 26A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an adjustment circuit having an adjustment element formed by a multi-way valve for adjusting the slit width of the film-forming slit is shown in a side view in a) and in a top view of a portion of the application unit in b).

[0070] Figure 27 A schematic diagram of a multi-way valve is shown;

[0071] Figure 28 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of an adjustment circuit having an adjustment mechanism formed by a pump for adjusting the slit width of the film-forming slit is shown in a side view in a) and in a top view of a portion of the application unit in b).

[0072] Figure 29 A schematic diagram of an application unit having an adjustment loop for adjusting the gap width is shown;

[0073] Figure 30 A schematic diagram of an application unit with an adjustment loop for adjusting based on layer thickness is shown;

[0074] Figure 31 A schematic diagram of an application unit with an alternative adjustment loop for adjusting based on layer thickness is shown;

[0075] Figure 32 A schematic diagram of an application unit with an alternative adjustment loop for adjusting based on layer thickness is shown;

[0076] Figure 33 A schematic diagram of an application unit having an adjustment loop for adjustment based on weight is shown;

[0077] Figure 34 A schematic diagram of an application unit with an alternative adjustment loop for weight-based adjustment is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0078] The apparatus or machine described below relates to the manufacture of electrode unit 001 of an electrochemical energy storage device, particularly as it is used in a battery or accumulator, such as a lithium-sulfur battery, a sodium-ion battery, or especially a lithium-ion battery, as well as a solid-state battery.

[0079] The product 001 to be manufactured by the following machine can be formed, for example, from a workpiece still to be cut, such as a web-shaped intermediate product 002, a product strip 002 designed as an electrode strip 002, or from a single sheet-like final product 001 that has already been cut in the machine, such as a product segment 001 formed as an electrode unit 001 (abbreviated as electrode 001).

[0080] To manufacture such a product 001; 002, which has a carrier substrate 006, preferably a carrier substrate web, such as a carrier substrate web, such as a current conductor substrate formed of a current conductor film, a material layer applied on one or both sides, particularly preferably an active material layer as a dry film 003; 003', an apparatus 100; 100*, simply referred to as coating apparatus 100; 100*, for coating, particularly dry coating, such as the carrier substrate 006, with the aforementioned material layer, preferably a dry film 003; 003', particularly a powder composite film, is provided. This apparatus includes at least a first application unit 101, through which a powdered, preferably dry material 004; 004', particularly preferably a solvent and / or dry powder mixture can first be processed into a dry film 003, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force, and subsequently the dry film 003; 003' can be applied to a first side of the carrier substrate 006, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force. The dry film 003; 003' to be applied should have a thickness of, for example, 20 μm to 240 μm, preferably 40 μm to 100 μm, after application and pressing.

[0081] The aforementioned powder mixture, particularly as a dry powder, is specifically intended for manufacturing electrode units 001 for lithium-ion battery packs or rechargeable batteries. It comprises, for example, more than 90% by weight of active materials, such as lithium compounds: lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, nickel-rich lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese nickel oxide, and / or lithium titanate, including some, for example, 3% by weight of lead additives, some, for example, graphite or so-called carbon nanotubes (CNTs), i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and some, for example, 2% by weight of synthetic materials that act as binders in the subsequent powder composite material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

[0082] The carrier substrate 006, for example, also represents the current-conducting layer of the electrode unit 001, and is made of a conductive material, such as a thin film, nonwoven fabric, or woven material, for example, formed of metal. The conductive material is formed of aluminum or copper, particularly for manufacturing the electrode unit 001 for lithium-ion batteries or accumulators, and / or has a thickness d006 of, for example, 5 to 16 μm. In the case of manufacturing the anode, the conductive material is particularly made of copper, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 5 to 13 μm, and in the case of manufacturing the cathode, it is particularly made of aluminum, for example, with a thickness d006 in the range of 7 to 16 μm.

[0083] In a preferred embodiment, the carrier substrate 006 has a surface coating with a bonding aid or bonding agent 007; 007', such as an adhesive 007; 007', a primer 007; 007', or an adhesive 007; 007', at least on the surface area of ​​the dry film 003; 003' to be coated. This medium 007; 007' can be formed from a thermoplastic or reactive adhesive or primer, and for example includes a thermoplastic component and / or has a thickness d007 of only a few micrometers, for example, at most 5 μm, particularly at most 3 μm.

[0084] The thickness d003' of the active material layer of product 001; 002 (i.e., electrode unit 001 or electrode core wire 002) is, for example, at most 240 μm, particularly at most 150 μm, preferably at most 100 μm and / or, for example, at least 20 μm, particularly at least 30 μm, preferably at least 40 μm.

[0085] If necessary, after a calendering process connected online or in another machine to the process of applying or coating a dry film 003; 003' to the carrier substrate 006, the total thickness of the product 001; 002 coated on both sides is, for example, at most 500 μm, particularly at most 320 μm, preferably at most 220 μm and / or at least 50 μm, particularly at least 70 μm, preferably at least 90 μm. In this case, the density of the applied powdered material 004 is, for example, greater than 3000 kg / m³. 3 Preferably greater than or equal to 3500 kg / m 3 The intermediate product 002, which leaves the machine used for pure coating and is here also referred to as a pre-formed product, can have a lower density if necessary, but for example, a density of 2000 kg / m³. 3 Preferably, it should be at least 2500 kg / m 3 Especially for at least 2900 kg / m 3 In the case of single-sided coating only, the total thickness of the finished product 001; 002, which is further compacted by at least one calendering process if necessary, reaches, for example, 255 μm, particularly 165 μm, preferably 65 μm and / or 30 μm, particularly at least 40 μm, preferably at least 50 μm.

[0086] If a sufficiently large force is provided during the coating process or simultaneously with the application of the dry film 003; 003', or if such force can be applied in the lamination gap, then the aforementioned values ​​for the total thickness and / or density of the final product 001 or, for example, the intermediate product 002 which only requires cross-sectioning are also shown in the case of a subsequent calendering process following the coating process.

[0087] To ensure a highly efficient manufacturing process, the carrier substrate 006, preferably in the form of a strip, is preferably processed into the aforementioned final or intermediate product, having, for example, a width b006 of at least 300 mm, advantageously 500 mm, particularly at least 550 mm, or even 600 mm and greater, and in a particularly advantageous embodiment even reaching 1200 mm. Here, the carrier material 006 is not coated with a dry film 003; 003' across its entire width, but only in the exposed edge regions, where the surface of the metallic conductive carrier material 006 is exposed and remains accessible, for example, for wiring purposes. Such a width b003 of the coated portion reaches, for example, at least 200 mm, advantageously at least 230 mm, or even 300 mm and greater.

[0088] To manufacture the dry film 003 as described above, the first roller 102 of the first application unit 101, particularly the dispensing roller and the second roller 103, particularly the laminating roller, are arranged such that a first gap 104, particularly a first film-forming gap, is formed between the rollers. To form the dry film 003, a powder mixture, for example conveyed by a device 700 (hereinafter referred to as the powder conveying device 700) for conveying powdered material to the pressing section, can be conveyed through the first film-forming gap (see, for example, see...). Figure 2 The net width of the first slit 104 at its narrowest point is determined even before the dry film passes through the application site, and the thickness of the dry film 003 is determined if necessary to be greater than the thickness in subsequent products 001 and 002, at which point the dry film is applied, particularly under pressure, to the carrier substrate 006.

[0089] Here, the application site is preferably formed directly in the pressing portion of the second roller 103, which in this case acts as a laminating roller, and the roller 106; 103, which acts as a pressing roller, or is formed by the roller that cooperates directly with the second roller 103 or via one or more other rollers and acts as a laminating roller and the roller 106; 103, which acts as a pressing roller (not shown here). A second gap 107 is formed in the pressing portion between the shell surfaces of the second or other roller acting as a laminating roller and the roller 106; 103 acting as a pressing roller. In particular, the application gap 107, hereinafter also referred to as the lamination gap 107, can be guided through the lamination gap, and especially on the side opposite to the pressing roller, a dry film 003 with a thickness of, for example, at least 40 µm, such as between 50 µm and 200 µm, particularly between 60 and 120 µm, formed through the first film-forming gap, can be loaded.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the application stage 100; 100* includes a second application unit 101' (see, for example, see...). Figures 3 to 13Through this second application unit, a powder mixture, particularly solvent-free and / or dry, conveyed, for example, by a second device 700' for conveying powdered materials (referred to as powder conveying device 700') in the pressing section, can first be processed, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force, into a second dry film 003'; and this second dry film can then be applied to another second side of the carrier substrate 006, particularly by pressing and / or using pressing force. In principle, this can be the same as or different from the first powder mixture.

[0091] Similarly, in the second application unit 101', preferably, the first roller 102', particularly the dispensing roller and the second roller 103', particularly the laminating roller, are arranged such that the first roller and the second roller have a first gap 104', particularly a second film-forming gap, in the pressing portion between their shell surfaces, through which the powder mixture can be conveyed to form a second dry film 003'.

[0092] Here, the second roller of the second application unit 101', which directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller or via one or more other rollers and acts as a laminating roller (not shown here), forms a gap 107'; 107 with the roller 106'; 103, which serves as a pressing roller, in the pressing portion between its shell surfaces. The substrate 006 can be guided through this gap and, particularly on the second side away from the second pressing roller, can be loaded with a second dry film 003' formed through the second film-forming gap.

[0093] In the first set of embodiments of the coating apparatus 100 (see, for example, see...) Figures 3 to 7 The second application gap 107' is formed by a second application gap 107' different from the first application gap or lamination gap 107, such as the lamination gap 107', and a second roller 106' that acts as a pressure roller 106 and interacts with the first application unit 101's first pressure roller 106 and / or a second pressure roller 106' different from the lamination roller. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through this gap, and particularly on the second side opposite to the second pressure roller 106', it can be loaded with a second dry film 003' formed by the second film-forming gap. In this embodiment, two independent application units 101; 101' are provided on both sides of the carrier substrate 106. Therefore, different conditions for the corresponding application process can be adjusted independently in the relevant lamination gaps 107; 107'. Here, for example, different pressing forces or linear forces and / or, if necessary, temperatures can be adjusted.

[0094] For such an implementation, for example, for a large wrapping degree, in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', the dispensing roller 1, the laminating roller, and the combining roller 106; 106' forming the lamination gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller, in a first embodiment variant, can be arranged relative to each other such that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102' of their respective adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102' intersect at an angle α, which is, for example, between 40° and 130°, particularly between 70° and 110°, and preferably between 80° and 100°. A large wrapping degree can achieve better heat transfer in the combining roller 106; 106', which can be temperature-adjustable if necessary, and / or better, for example, vibration-free upper and lower rollers (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figures 3 to 5 ).

[0095] Therefore, the corresponding pressing rollers 106 and 106' can be arranged, for example, below the laminating rollers, such that the plane connecting the rotation axes R103, R106, and R103' of the two rollers 103, 103', 106, and 106' deviates from the vertical direction by a maximum of ±30°, and more particularly by a maximum of ±15°. The pressing force and gravity in the lamination gap act primarily in the same direction.

[0096] In a second implementation variant, which is advantageous in terms of the force and direction of application, for example, in the respective application units 101; 101', the dispensing roller, the laminating roller, and the combining roller 106; 106' forming the lamination gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller are arranged relative to each other, for example, such that the planes connecting the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of each pair of adjacent rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' intersect at most an acute angle α, which is at most 20°, particularly at 0°, such that the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102' of the three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106' of the same application unit 101; 101' are such that the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' lies in the same plane. Therefore, this arrangement is very rigid because the forces and reactions point at least primarily in opposite directions. In this arrangement of the three rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103'; 106 (also known as a "flat arrangement"), the three rollers are arranged sequentially in rows such that the axes of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103' of these rollers intersect at least one identical straight line perpendicular to the respective axis of rotation R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103'. Here, these axes of rotation may, if necessary, be slightly inclined or tiltable relative to each other, as described below.

[0097] Here, the two application units 101; 101' are arranged with their laminating rollers on different sides of the substrate path, and can be arranged to overlap each other in such a way that the two lamination gaps 107; 107' are placed vertically overlapping each other in one embodiment (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 6 Or in another embodiment, they are staggered horizontally, particularly by at least half and at most one and a half times the diameter of the laminating rollers (see, for example, [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 7 ). With the help of Figure 7 For example, a substrate guiding scheme adapted to other embodiments can be indicated by dashed lines, which allows for a larger wrap angle and thus better heat transfer and / or a more stable upper roller. For this purpose, the substrate path is deflected by the attached substrate guiding element 121 in such a way that when the substrate is wound onto the subsequent rollers 106; 106', the conveying direction T... S The conveying direction T relative to the output carrier substrate 006 S Tilt at least 45°.

[0098] In addition to the metering roller, the second roller 103; 103', or the roller that directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller or through one or more other rollers and acts as a laminating roller, in an advantageous improvement, an additional roller 118; 118' is provided (see, for example, see...). Figure 5 (All embodiments of the first group in the text), the roller, depending on the operating conditions, i.e. during the production process, guides the laminating roller, and the circumferential segment between the dispensing gap and the lamination gap 107; 107' of the laminating roller in the form of calendering roller 118; 118' can abut against the dry film 003; 003' that can be conveyed or guided on the laminating roller.

[0099] In the above-described embodiments, variations, and implementations, in the first configuration for roller support, the laminating rollers of the corresponding application units 101; 101' are fixed in position with respect to their rotation axis R103; R103' depending on the operating conditions, but are adjustable in position if necessary, as are the metering rollers and the finishing rollers 106; 106', and their respective adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111', respectively, in a direction having at least one direction toward and / or away from the movement separation of the corresponding laminating rollers. Herein and hereinafter, the term "adjustment drive" 109; 109'; 111; 111' refers to the entirety of structures that enable and / or allow direct or indirect adjustment of rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106', which are also referred to hereinafter as adjustment devices 109; 109'; 111; 111', and include at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' along the adjustment motion guide rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' and one or more drive mechanisms 132; 132'; 133; 133' for achieving adjustment.

[0100] To adjust the corresponding dispensing roller onto the second roller 103; 103', the first design includes a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' or an adjustment member 109; 109' for position-based adjustment, i.e., the adjustment drive device 109; 109' or the adjustment member 109; 109', through which a position defined for the component to be adjusted can be achieved. The position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' or the position-based adjustment drive mechanism 109; 109' is, for example, locating in terms of a pre-given and / or defined position, or capable of operating or adjusting in a position-controllable or even position-adjustable manner.

[0101] Such position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' can be implemented, for example, by the drive mechanism 132; 133, for example, the drive motor itself occupying a defined, pre-given position, which is feasible, for example, for a position-controllable servo drive or motor (see, for example, the following embodiment of the drive mechanism 132 as a piston-cylinder system with controllable and / or adjustable piston position), or by the adjustment path being at least toward a critical side, for example, defined by means of an adjustment member 146 and / or an adjustment drive 155 included by the adjustment member 146, for example, an adjustable stop mechanism 119 of the adjustment motor 155, for example, an adjustable stop 119, the stop defining the end position and the part to be adjusted in position being adjusted or adjustable toward the stop by means of, for example, a force-based or non-position-controllable drive mechanism (see, for example, the corresponding...). Figure 19 or Figure 22 (The implementation scheme). Here, rollers 102; 102' are supported, for example, in or on adjusting mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113', which are formed by bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' that precisely execute the adjusting path, for example. This is particularly advantageous for small adjusting ranges under large forces, for example, by bearings 113; 113' including eccentric wheels, for example, three-ring bearings 113; 113'. For example, in adjustments parallel to the adjusting direction and therefore more direct in terms of the adjusting path, linear bearings 112; 112' extending along the adjusting direction may also be advantageous.

[0102] In order to adjust the corresponding pressure roller, in this first advantageous embodiment, a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' or an adjustment member 111; 111' for force-based adjustment is provided, that is, the adjustment drive device 111; 111' or the adjustment member 111, which can be abutted against the support with a defined force by adjusting the drive device or the adjustment member. The force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' or the adjustment member 111; 111' for force-based adjustment is adjustable, for example, in terms of a pre-given and / or defined force, or can be operated or adjusted in a force-controllable or even adjustable manner.

[0103] Such a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111', particularly provided on at least one side, can be implemented, for example, in such a way that the drive mechanism 132, such as the drive motor itself, can apply a defined and pre-given force, which is feasible for, for example, a torque-adjustable or controllable, particularly torque-adjustable or controllable servo drive or motor, or in such a way that the roller to be adjusted can be brought into contact with the other roller 103; 103' by means of a pressure medium, particularly a pressure fluid-operable drive mechanism, such as a pneumatic or hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system, with the adjustment force toward the critical side being adjustable, wherein the pressure of the drive mechanism 132; 133 is preferably adjustable. Here, the pressure roller 106; 106” is supported, for example, in or on an adjustment mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113', which is formed by a bearing mechanism 112; 112' that adjusts the force based on force, i.e., without additional mechanical restrictions on the adjustment path. Therefore, for example, on at least one side, but preferably on both sides, the bearing mechanism 112; 112' designed as a linear bearing 112; 112' can advantageously be formed as such a bearing mechanism.

[0104] However, in the second embodiment, in the opposite manner, the dispensing roller can be adjusted based on force, and the pressure rollers 106 and 106' can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the manner described above with a corresponding scheme.

[0105] However, in the third design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can also be adjusted based on force. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0106] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, a combination of adjustment mechanisms 112; 113; 112'; 113' and / or a combination of adjustment drives 109; 109'; 111; 111' or a combination of adjusters 109; 109'; 111; 111' are provided for adjusting at least the dispensing roller and / or at least the pressure roller 106; 106', which selectively achieve position-based adjustment of the relevant roller 102; 102'; 106; 106' or force-based adjustment.

[0107] Such a combination of adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' is, for example, formed by adjustment drive devices 109; 111; 109'; 111' or adjusting members 109; 111; 109' having adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113', in which a stop 119, for example, positionable by the drive mechanism and / or adjustment mechanism, can be selectively inserted in the drive path of the adjusting member to define the position. Alternatively, the adjustment drive device 109; 111; 109'; 111' is also advantageous, which, as a drive mechanism 132; 133; 132'; 133', includes a motor, particularly a servo motor, capable of position-adjustable or controllable or torque-adjustable or controllable operation.

[0108] In the second configuration for roller support, the pressure rollers 106 and 106' of the corresponding application units 101 and 101' are fixed in position according to their rotation axes R106 and R106', but can also be adjusted if necessary, and the laminating rollers and their respective assigned metering rollers are paired along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressure rollers 106 and 106' via corresponding common bearing mechanisms 112 and 112' and / or adjustment drive devices 111 and 111'. In addition, the corresponding metering rollers are adjustablely supported via bearing mechanisms 112 and 112', 113 and 113' and / or adjustment drive devices 109 and 109', 111 and 111' along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the respective assigned laminating rollers.

[0109] In the first advantageous design, for adjusting the corresponding metering rollers, a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' is provided as described above, for example, a bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' formed by three-ring bearings 113; 113' or linear bearings 112; 112'; 113; 113' is provided on one or both sides. For adjusting the laminating rollers, each with its own assigned metering roller, in pairs, a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' can be provided as described above.

[0110] However, in the second design, in the opposite manner, the dispensing rollers can be force-adjustable, and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are position-adjustable. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding scheme described above.

[0111] However, in the third design, the metering rollers and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are based on force adjustment, while in the fourth design, the metering rollers and roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 are based on position adjustment. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0112] In a particularly advantageous fifth design, in order to at least adjust the metering rollers and / or at least adjust the oscillating roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102, combined adjustment mechanisms 112; 113; 112, 113 are provided in the manner described above and / or in the above embodiments, which allow the roller pairs to be adjusted toward the pressure rollers based on position or force.

[0113] In the second set of embodiments of the application device 100* (see, for example, in...) Figures 8 to 12 , Figures 15 to 19 , Figure 25 , Figure 26 and Figure 28 As shown in the diagram, the second roller of the second application unit 101' or the roller of the second application unit 101' that directly or indirectly cooperates with the second roller 103' through one or more other rollers, together with the second or other roller 103 of the first application unit 101, which acts as a laminating roller, forms a common gap 107 in the pressing portion between their shell surfaces, which functions as a double-sided lamination gap 107. The two laminating rollers that form the gap 107 between each other act as pressing rollers. The carrier substrate 006 can be guided through the laminating rollers and, particularly on both sides, can be applied with dry films 003', 003' formed respectively via the first and second film-forming gaps. This arrangement of two application units 101; 101' that cooperate for simultaneous application on both sides is hereinafter also referred to as a dual application unit 101; 101'.

[0114] In the respective application units 101; 101', the planes formed by the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the metering roller and the laminating roller intersect at most an acute angle α, which is, for example, a maximum of 20°, advantageously a maximum of 5°, and particularly 0°, such that, in the case of 0°, the rotation axes R102; R103; R106; R102'; R103'; R106' of the two application units 101; 101' that cooperate in the lamination gaps 107 on both sides are located in the same plane or are parallel to each other but vertically staggered.

[0115] In the first embodiment, the two planes extend in a common horizontal plane or horizontally, but are vertically offset from each other (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 8 ).

[0116] In a second embodiment, which is advantageous for small wrapping, for example, the two planes extend in a common plane inclined to the horizontal plane, or in two planes inclined to the horizontal plane but offset from each other vertically. Here, the common plane or the two offset planes are inclined to the horizontal plane at an acute angle β of, for example, 2° to 15°, particularly 3° to 10° (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 9 In the arrangement of all, and particularly all four, rollers 102, 103, 106, 102', and 103' in the dual application units 101 and 101' in a planar configuration (also known as a "flat arrangement"), these rollers are arranged sequentially in rows such that the rotation axes R102, R103, R106, and R102' of these rollers intersect at least one identical straight line extending perpendicularly to the respective rotation axis R102, R103, R106, and R102'. Here, these rotation axes may, if necessary, be slightly inclined or tiltable relative to each other as described below.

[0117] In addition to the corresponding dispensing roller and the second roller 103; 103', in an advantageous improvement, an additional roller 118; 118' of the type of calendering roller 118; 118' can also be provided here (see, for example, see...). Figure 8 and Figure 9 (All implementation schemes of the second group are shown in dashed lines).

[0118] In the above-described variations and embodiments, in the first configuration for roller support, the first laminating roller of the two laminating rollers or the other roller of the first application unit of the two application units 101 that acts as a laminating roller can be fixedly supported on its axis of rotation R103 according to the operating position, but can also be adjusted if necessary. The second laminating roller of the laminating rollers or the other roller that acts as a second laminating roller and the corresponding metering roller are paired along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding metering roller 106. 106' via a shared bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a shared adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111'. In addition, the corresponding metering roller is adjustablely supported via the bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111' along a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding metering roller or other roller. In the case where there are one or more additional rollers between the metering roller and the roller used as the laminating roller, these rollers are adjustable together via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112' and / or a common adjustment drive 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding laminating roller 106; 106'.

[0119] In the first advantageous design, a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' is provided for adjusting the corresponding metering roller in the manner described above and / or designed as described above. For pairing the second layer pressure roller with the corresponding metering roller, a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' can be provided for force-based adjustment in the manner described above and / or designed as described above.

[0120] However, in the second design, in the opposite manner, the metering rollers can be adjusted based on force, while roller pairs 103, 102; 103', 102 can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding scheme described above.

[0121] However, in the third design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on force, and in the fourth design, the two rollers 102; 102'; 106; 106' can be adjusted based on position. Therefore, this is adapted and applied in the corresponding schemes described above.

[0122] In the advantageous fifth design, in order to adjust at least the metering roller and / or at least the oscillating roller pair 103, 102; 103', 102 in the manner described above and / or in the design described above, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' is provided. This combined adjustment mechanism selectively achieves position-based adjustment of the roller pair toward the laminating roller that acts as the pressure roller by means of a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109', and force-based adjustment by means of a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111'.

[0123] In the following combination, for example Figure 18 and Figure 19 or Figures 25 to 28 In the advantageous sixth embodiment described in detail, for adjusting the first gap 104; 104' or the corresponding metering roller, a position-based adjustment drive device 109; 109' according to the above manner and / or the above embodiment is provided, and for adjusting the second gap 107 or adjusting the closing roller, a force-based adjustment drive device 111; 111' according to the above manner for force-based adjustment is provided, wherein the two metering rollers and the closing roller to be adjusted are adjusted individually, i.e., without being paired. In a particularly advantageous improvement of this embodiment, here, for at least adjusting the metering roller and / or for adjusting the second roller 107 or adjusting the closing roller, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112'; 113' according to the above manner and / or the above embodiment is provided.

[0124] For all embodiments of the two sets of examples having jointly adjustable rollers 103'; 102'; 103; 102, these rollers can be supported on both sides in carriers 122'; 122, particularly in the side components of the base frame, which themselves are supported in the frame accommodating the application unit 101; 101' by bearing mechanisms 112'; 112; 113'; 113 formed by linear bearings 112'; 112; 113'; 113.

[0125] Alternatively, two jointly adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can be supported on both sides in a carrier, particularly in side components of the base frame, the carrier itself being pivotally supported about a pivot axis parallel to the first layer of pressure rollers that are fixedly supported in position (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 12 ).

[0126] As already mentioned, in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', at least one additional roller that serves as a laminating roller and forms a lamination gap 107; 107' with the laminating roller can be provided between the second roller 103; 103' and the pressing part with the pressing roller.

[0127] In all embodiments of both sets of examples, in a particularly advantageous improvement, the respective application unit 101; 101' is provided with a removal device 114; 114', particularly a cleaning blade 114; 114', which is selectively abutted and retracted toward the shell surface of the first roller 102; 102' for cleaning purposes, and is included, for example, by a material removal member 127; 127'. This removal device, for example, covers at least the width of the roller shell surface that is effective for film formation.

[0128] Alternatively or advantageously additionally, the material removal unit 127; 127', when viewed parallel to the axis of the second roller 103; 103' in the corresponding application unit 101; 101', includes, spaced apart from each other, two axially adjustable removal devices 116; 116', particularly side-edge scrapers 116; 116', which remove the dry film 003; 003' conveyed by the second roller 103; 103' in the area of ​​its side edge, and can be discharged, for example, into the collection device 117; 117'. This removal is used, for example, as so-called edge trimming to obtain a straight edge and / or a desired width b003; b003' of the dry film 003; 003'. The collected amount can be returned, for example, to the powder mixture conveying section. This removal device 116; 116' can also be used to remove edge strips 008; 008', which are used, for example, to determine the density of a material layer.

[0129] For cleaning purposes, a removal device 129; 129' that can be attached to and removed from the shell surface of the second roller 103; 103' can be advantageously provided, particularly a cleaning scraper 129; 129'. The removal device, for example, covers at least the width of the roller shell surface that is effective for film formation, and, if necessary, a suction section or collection device (not shown) can be provided.

[0130] In order to convey or introduce the powder mixture into the first slit, the aforementioned powder conveying device 700; 700' is configured to convey powdered material, wherein, in the region of the wedge-shaped portion above the slit 104; 104', i.e. in the space of the slit 104; 104' constructed between the shell surfaces of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', which is particularly wedge-shaped or triangular in profile, a filling and / or storage space 126 is preferably constructed and / or provided, which has a width extending in the axial direction of the second roller 103; 103'.

[0131] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the application unit 101; 101', two boundaries 124, particularly side plates 124, are provided above the first slit 104; 104', spaced apart from each other parallel to the axis of the first roller 102; 102' and adjustable, for example, in the direction parallel to the axis. These boundaries seal the area of ​​the upper wedge-shaped portion formed between the shell surfaces of the first roller and the second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' toward the two end faces of the application unit 101; 101', thereby forming a filling and / or storage space 126, preferably of variable width, located therebetween for accommodating the powder mixture. Depending on the desired width and / or position of the dry film 003; 003', the filling and / or storage space 126 can thus be changed and / or modified in terms of the position of its lateral boundaries 124 on at least one side, preferably on both sides. As an alternative to the filling and / or storage space 126 directly defined by the shell surface in the lower region, at least in principle, without contradicting other design features of the application unit 101; 101' or the powder conveying device 700; 700', the filling and / or storage space 126 in the form of a filling or storage funnel may also be provided. For example, similar to the introduction aid mentioned below, which is located directly in or above the wedge.

[0132] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, the bearing mechanisms 112, 112', 113, 113' and / or the adjustment drive devices 109, 109', 111, 111' of the first roller 102; 102' are preferably designed such that the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' is adjusted according to the operating conditions to a variable net width at the narrowest point, which is at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, and particularly at least 50 μm, and / or the gap width b104 of the first gap 104; 104' is adjusted at least by the aforementioned position-based drive mechanism 132; 132' and / or by a stop mechanism 119 that defines the abutment position on at least one side, in the direction toward the pressing part, and is adjustable in its position, i.e., for example, the aforementioned particularly adjustable or positionable stop 119.

[0133] Alternatively or additionally, the bearing mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or the adjusting drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' are advantageously designed to adjust and / or apply, for example, a linear force between the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' that form the first slit 104; 104', at least in the region of its width which contributes to film formation, within the first slit 104; 104'.

[0134] As described above, in order to shift the dispensing roller toward the second roller 103; 103', for example in the above embodiment and / or in the manner described above, a combined adjustment mechanism 112; 113; 112; 113 may be provided. The combined adjustment mechanism selectively achieves position-based adjustment by means of a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' in one operating mode, and force-based adjustment by means of a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' in a second operating mode.

[0135] Regardless of all the above-described embodiments, variations, configurations, implementations, or designs, and regardless of the above-described embodiments of the coating apparatus 100; 100* having a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressure rollers 106; 106' or an application unit 101; 101' with a combination of interacting pressure rollers, in a particularly advantageous design, the dispensing gap between the first roller and the second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be adjusted based on a position-based adjustment drive 109; 109' that is positionable, for example, in terms of a pre-given position, or position-controllable or position-adjustable, as described above, for example, positionable in terms of the gap width b104, via, for example, a control chain S b S F S d ; S” d Controllable or via, for example, regulating loop R b R d ; R” d R FAdjustable, i.e., adjustable to a constant and / or defined gap width b104; b104', for example, positionable, controllable, or adjustable, wherein position-based adjustment is for the defined and constant relative position or gap width b104 of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' in their working positions, and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the pressure roller, adjusted in the manner described above based on a force-based, for example force-controllable or adjustable adjustment drive 111; 111', for example, controllable in terms of adjustment force by, for example, a pressure regulating valve or a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, or adjustable by, for example, a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, i.e., adjusting to a constant and / or defined abutment or linear force, for example, controllable or adjustable, wherein force-based adjustment is particularly for the two rollers 106; 106'; 103' in their working positions. The defined and / or constant adhesion or linear force between 103's is required. For clarity only, it should be noted that the linear or adhesion force acting between the two rollers 106', 106', 103', and 103 involved at the second slits 107' and 107' is not direct, but rather acts by guiding the material through the slits, for example, through powdered material 004' in the case of film-forming slits, and through product strips 002 with dry film 007 on one or both sides in the case of lamination slits 107' and 107'.

[0136] Without limiting the embodiments defined above, either of the two rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', 106, 106' involved at the relevant gaps 104, 104', 107, 107' can in principle be adjusted by the corresponding adjustment drive device 109, 109', 111' and / or supported on the corresponding adjustment mechanism 112, 112', 113, 113' as described above. This also applies to one of the rollers 102, 102, 103, 103, 106, 106' involving the relevant gaps 104, 104', 107, 107', being adjustablely supported together with another roller 102, 102', 103, 103', 106, 106' not involving the gaps 104, 104', 107, 107', in the following manner.

[0137] Similarly, regardless of the above-described embodiments of the coating apparatus 100; 100* having a separate application unit 101; 101' with corresponding pressure rollers 106; 106, or an application unit 101; 101' having a combination of application units 101; 101' with interacting pressure rollers, in embodiments particularly advantageous for optimal adjustability, the dispensing gap between the first and second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' and / or the lamination gap 107; 107' between the second roller 103; 103' and the cooperating pressure rollers is selectively adjustable, particularly in the manner described above, based not only on position or force, but also on the combined adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111', via, for example, a control chain S. b S F S d ; S” d Controllable or via, for example, regulating loop R b ;R d ; R” d R FAdjustable, meaning that in one operating mode, the constant and / or defined relative position and / or constant and / or defined gap width b104 of the two rollers can be adjusted, for example, to be positionable, controllable, or adjustable; or in another operating mode, based on force adjustment, for example, controllable in relation to the adjusting force via, for example, a pressure regulating valve or a control section including such a pressure regulating valve, or, for example, a control section including such a pressure regulating valve is adjustable, meaning that in another operating mode, a defined and / or constant contact force or linear force can be adjusted, for example, to be controllable or adjustable. Specifically, one of the rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', 106, and 106' relating to the relevant gaps 104, 104', 107, and 107' is selectively supported based on position or force in the combined adjustment mechanism 112, 113, 112, and 113, and / or the relevant gaps 104, 104', 107, and 107' can be selectively adjusted as described above to a constant and / or defined gap width or a constant and / or defined abutment force or linear force, particularly controllable or adjustable. It can also be construed here as limiting the embodiments defined above, in principle, any one of the two rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' involving the relevant gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' is adjusted in this way by a corresponding combination of adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' and / or correspondingly supported on adjustment mechanisms 112; 112'; 113; 113' in the corresponding combination as described above. This also applies to one of the rollers 102, 102, 103, 103, 106, 106' involving the relevant gaps 104, 104', 107, 107', being adjustablely supported together with another roller 102, 102', 103, 103', 106, 106' that does not involve the gaps 104, 104', 107, 107'.

[0138] In an advantageous embodiment, the combined adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' are formed by force-based, particularly force-controllable or adjustable adjustment drive devices 111; 111' having adjustment mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112', selectively inserting stops 119, for example, positionable by adjustment member 146, in the adjustment path of the adjustment mechanism. Here, the drive mechanism 133 is preferably provided with a cylinder-piston system operable using a pressure medium, such as a pressure fluid, particularly in a hydraulic manner.

[0139] For adjustment, the first roller 102; 102' is adjustablely supported by bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or, for example, position-based or force-based or selectively position-based or force-based adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103'. Additionally or alternatively, the pressure roller can be adjustablely supported by bearing mechanisms 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or, for example, position-based or force-based or selectively position-based or force-based adjustment drive devices 109; 109'; 111; 111' in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the second or an additional roller 103; 103' located therebetween.

[0140] Alternatively, the first roller and the corresponding second roller may be movably supported in pairs in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding pressure roller 106; 106' via a common bearing mechanism 112; 112'; 113; 113' and / or a common adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force. Additionally, the corresponding first roller 102; 102' may be adjustably supported via the bearing mechanism 113; 113'; 112; 112' and / or the adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111', for example, based on position or force or selectively based on position or force, in a direction having at least one motion component toward and / or away from the corresponding second roller 103; 103'.

[0141] For all the above implementation schemes, variations, constructions, implementation methods or designs, the first roller 102; 102' and the second rollers 103, 103' forming the first gap 104; 104' with the first roller are driven or driven independently of each other mechanically in a rotational manner according to the operating conditions and have different circumferential speeds and / or may be driven by different drive mechanisms 148; 149, such as drive motors, especially at least speed-adjustable or controllable servo motors.

[0142] Here, the first roller 102; 102' operates at a lower speed, wherein the first roller 102; 102', particularly the metering roller, and the corresponding second roller 103; 103', particularly the laminating roller, can be operated or can be operated according to the operating conditions, for example, at a ratio of V102(102'):V103(103') of the circumferential speeds of the first roller and the second roller 102, 102'; 103; 103', which is in the range of 1:5 to 3:5, particularly 1:4.

[0143] Rollers 103, 106, 103, and 103' that form a second gap 107; 107' with each other are preferably driven or can be driven independently of each other mechanically at the same circumferential speed by a shared drive motor, particularly a servo motor, or preferably by different drive motors, particularly servo motors, depending on the operating conditions.

[0144] In an advantageous implementation, a mechanically independent drive motor can be operated by a drive controller via an electronic, in particular hypothetical, control panel.

[0145] One improvement is particularly advantageous, wherein the first roller 102; 102' in its shell surface region that facilitates film formation has a surface that is more repellent to the material and / or has a less favorable adhesion effect in relation to the powder mixture, compared to the second roller 103; 103' in its shell surface region that facilitates film formation.

[0146] At least the second roller 103; 103' may have a polished and / or chrome-plated or ceramic-coated surface, at least in its shell-side region that facilitates film formation. The first roller 102; 102' may have a surface with a structured or repellent material, at least in its side region that facilitates film formation.

[0147] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations or designs, the first and / or second rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' can be temperature-controlled, in particular heated, preferably such that their shell surfaces can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, and preferably to at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0148] Alternatively or preferably additionally, the roller 106; 106' of the first set of embodiments, which only serves as a pressure roller, can also be temperature-controlled, particularly heated, preferably in such a way that its shell surface can be heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, and preferably to at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of 25°C.

[0149] Temperature regulation or heating can in principle be achieved electrically, but in an advantageous embodiment, it is achieved by allowing the temperature-regulating or heating fluid to flow through the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature-regulated. Here, the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' to be temperature-regulated allow the temperature-regulating fluid, such as correspondingly temperature-regulated water, to be introduced into or out of the relevant rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106' via the temperature-regulating conduit 134 and, for example, by a rotating guide.

[0150] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, the two application units 101; 101', together with one or more substrate guide elements 121 arranged directly in front, behind, or between, if necessary, are supported in a common or, if necessary, multi-piece frame 128, on the two end frame walls 131 of the same or, if necessary, multi-piece frame 128. In the case of a common frame 128 with multi-piece frame walls 131, a particularly rigid arrangement of the application units 101; 101' in a laminating unit 100; 100* designed as an assembly 100; 100*, such as a lamination assembly 100; 100*.

[0151] If, in the substrate path, for example, directly downstream of the laminating unit 100; 100*, a calendering unit 600; 600*, also referred to as calendering unit 600, 600*, is provided, as described below, the rolls 601; 601'; 602; 602* surrounded by the calendering unit 600; 600* may, in an improved embodiment, be supported in the frame 603 or, in an advantageous variation, for example as a separate assembly 600; 600*, such as the calendering unit 600; 600*, supported in the sidewall of a separate frame 603 directly arranged on and / or above the frame 128 bearing the application unit 101; 101'.

[0152] In machines, for example, in Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the embodiment shown, the machine is constructed to be longer if necessary, but this reduces the risk of vibration transmission, for example, between units 100; 100*; 600; 600*, particularly at least the laminating unit 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600; 600*, where the laminating assembly 100; 100* and the calendering assembly 600 therein are arranged horizontally side by side, preferably completely housed in separate, for example vibration-technically separated, racks 128; 603. Figure 3 , Figure 10 , Figure 15 and / or Figure 16 In variations not shown, the calendering assembly 600;600* may also be omitted. An advantageous embodiment of this machine, which eliminates the need for additional calendering units in the substrate path, is, for example, in… Figure 17 It is shown in the figure and described in more detail below.

[0153] For example in Figure 15 and Figure 16The calendering assembly 600; 600* shown, or the calendering additionally arranged downstream after the application of the dry film 003; 003*, is not mandatory and can be completely omitted in another embodiment of the machine used for coating. In the latter case, calendering can be completely omitted or performed or performed in a separate process and / or in a separate, for example, second machine. Here, the second machine includes, for example, a substrate uncoiler on the input side, from which the web-shaped intermediate product 002 can be unwound and guided along the substrate path through at least one calendering unit 600 to the winding unit on the output side or via a cross-cutting device to the take-up device.

[0154] In principle independent of, but advantageously in combination with, one of the above embodiments, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs of the application unit 101; 101' and / or coating apparatus 100; 100* and / or machine construction, the frame 128 of the coating apparatus 100; 100* for coating is designed as multi-piece in a particularly advantageous embodiment (see, for example, see...). Figure 18 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 , Figure 21 , Figure 22 , Figure 24 , Figure 25 , Figure 26 and Figure 28In this case, at least two adjacent rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', and 106 of the applying unit 101 are, in an advantageous embodiment, at least two rollers 103, 103', and 106 that form lamination gaps 107, 107' and / or act as pressure rollers to each other are supported on both sides in the frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, and 131.4 of two different sub-frames 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, and 128.4, said rollers being positioned relative to each other along the axis of rotation R102, R103, R102', R103', and R106 of at least one of the two adjacent rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', and 106. The adjustment direction of the extension of R106' is such that its position relative to each other is variable such that the distance between the shell surfaces of the rollers or the axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' and / or the adhesion force between the shell surfaces of two adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106, for example by a carrier substrate 006 applied or coated on at least one side or by a powdered material 004; 004', can be changed or adjusted. In a preferred embodiment, one of the two sub-racks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is spatially fixed, for example, on the placement surface of the coating apparatus 100; 100* or in or above a higher-level rack structure 145, such as a base plate 145, and the other sub-rack of an adjacent sub-rack 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 is adjustable by bearing mechanisms 112; 113 within at least one adjustment range along the relevant adjustment direction. In another embodiment, one and the other sub-racks of an adjacent sub-rack 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are adjustable along the adjustment direction. Subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 specifically include two frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 respectively, which are rigidly connected to each other by one or more transverse connectors, such as one or more crossbeams 136; 137, although they can be separated if necessary. Therefore, the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, adjustable in the manner described above, can move as a whole together with the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 or multiple rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 that support them.

[0155] In the above embodiment of the application unit 101 which applies only to one side, i.e., having a first roller 102, such as a dispensing roller, a second roller 103, such as a laminating roller, and a compounding roller 106, in a first, but not shown, embodiment, for example, the first roller and the second roller 102; 103 may be supported together in or on the frame wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the compounding roller 106 may be supported in or on the frame wall 131.2 of the second sub-frame 128.2. For this purpose, for example, the first roller 102 is supported in or on the first sub-frame 128.1 by the aforementioned adjusting member 1109; 111 is supported in a force-based manner, for example, force-limited, force-controllable, or force-adjustable, in terms of its contact force and / or position-based, for example, position-positionable, position-controllable, or position-adjustable, in terms of its distance from the second roller 103 (wherein, and / or the variant of "and" in the expression represents a combination of adjustment drives that are selectively adjustable based on force or position). In an alternative variant, for example, the second roller 103 and the pressure roller 106 are supported in or on the frame wall 131.1 of the first sub-frame 128.1, and the first roller 102, for example, the metering roller, is supported on the frame wall 131.3 of a separate sub-frame 128.3. For this purpose, for example, the pressure roller 106 in or on the first subframe 128.1 is adjusted by the aforementioned adjustment device 109; 111 based on force, such as force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable and / or based on position, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, spaced adjustablely from the second roller 103.

[0156] In the above embodiment of the application unit 101 used only for single-sided coating, the first, second, and combined pressure rollers 102; 103; 106 are supported in or on the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3 of their respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3. Here, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3, preferably the sub-frame 128.2 carrying the second roller 103, is fixedly arranged relative to space or frame, while the other two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3 are movably supported relative to this sub-frame in the adjustment direction. For example, in Figure 18 In this embodiment, for example, the right sub-frame 128.4 with frame wall 131.4 and roller 102' is omitted, and roller 103' is designed as a pure pressure roller 106.

[0157] In the preferred embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' as a dual application unit 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides, and for example in Figures 8 to 12 and Figure 15 , Figure 16 and Figure 17In the embodiment shown, in a first variant (not shown), two pairs of rollers, consisting of a metering roller and a laminating roller, can be supported in pairs in one subframe 128.1; 128.2, wherein the two subframes 128.1; 128.2 are positionally variable relative to each other such that the distance between the rotation axes R103; R103' of the two rollers 103; 103' that form the lamination gap 107 and / or the contact force acting indirectly or directly between the shell surfaces can be changed. Here, one of the subframes 128.1; 128.2 can be fixedly supported relative to space or the frame, while the other subframe 128.1; 128.2 is movably supported in the adjustment direction. The dispensing roller is supported, for example in the corresponding subframe 128.1; 128.2, by means of the aforementioned adjusting member 1109; 111, based on force, such as force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable, and / or based on position, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable, at an adjustable distance from the adjacent laminating roller. In an alternative variation not shown, a pair of rollers 103, 103' forming the lamination gap 107; 107' may be supported in a first common subframe 128.1, and two metering rollers may each be supported in their own subframes 128.3; 128.4, wherein the first subframe 128.2 is fixed, for example, relative to space or frame, and the other two subframes 128.3; 128.4 are movable relative to the first subframe 128.1 in such a way that the distance between the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first roller and the second roller 102; 103'; 103', respectively, and / or the contact force acting indirectly or directly between the shell surfaces, may be changed in the manner described above. Here, one of the laminating rollers may be supported at a distance from the other laminating roller by means of the aforementioned adjusting member 1109; 111 based on force, such as force-limited, force-controllable or force-adjustable, and / or based on position, such as positionable, position-controllable or position-adjustable.

[0158] However, in the preferred embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' as a dual application unit 101; 101' for simultaneous application on both sides, all four, or in the case of additional intermediate rollers, all rollers 102; 103, 102'; 103' are supported in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of their respective sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Here, for example, one of the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the second or the sub-frame 128.1 carrying the laminating roller, especially the laminating roller of the first application unit 101, is fixedly arranged relative to space or frame, while the remaining sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are adjustablely supported along the axis of rotation R103; R103' of the laminating roller, preferably perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the laminating roller, especially the axis of rotation of the laminating roller, which is fixedly supported relative to space or frame, and / or along a straight line, especially along a horizontally extending adjustment direction.

[0159] Preferably, at least the roller 103 of the first application unit 101, which is upstream of the roller 103 involved in forming the second gap 107, and / or the first roller 102, which is associated with the material flow, is supported in or on a third subframe 128.3, which may be displaced along an adjustment direction perpendicular to the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106; R106' of the roller 103 involved in forming the second gap 107 of the first application unit 101. In the case of dual application units 101; 101', in an advantageous embodiment, additionally, the laminating rollers of the second application unit 101' that form the second gap 107; 107' with respect to the material flow, particularly the first roller 102, are supported in or on a fourth subframe 128.4, which is movable along an adjustment direction extending at least perpendicular to the axis of rotation R103 of the roller 103 supported in or on the subframe 128.1 fixed relative to space or frame.

[0160] For all the above embodiments having movable subracks 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, these subracks are preferably movable on linear guides 112; 112', where, for each movable subrack 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, it may be provided with its own guide segment 138, such as a track 138, or for two or more adjacent movable subracks 128.2; 128.4, a continuous guide 138 or track 138 may be provided. Subracks 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 may have support feet 139 designed on the bottom side corresponding to the guide segment 138 or guide 138 and including, for example, sliding or rolling elements.

[0161] Rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 can, in principle, be torsionally supported on the corresponding shafts in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the respective subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, via corresponding bearings 151, or advantageously, for example, as in... Figures 18 to 22 as well as Figure 25 , Figure 26 and Figure 28 Visibly supported by a journal on the end side in a bearing 151, particularly a radial bearing 151, which is arranged in or on the relevant frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4.

[0162] In this preferred embodiment, the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', or in particular the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 that are arranged adjacent to each other and movable relative to each other, can move toward each other in the adjustment direction on each frame side via at least one drive mechanism 132; 132'; 133; 133', in particular via at least one adjustment device 141; 165 including the drive mechanism 132; 132'; 133; 133', and if necessary via other mechanisms that transmit adjustment movement or adjustment force, preferably via two or at least two adjustment devices 141, in particular traction devices 141 in the form of clamping devices 141, and can move away from each other or at least loosen again. Here, the traction device 141 can be designed to apply not only the aforementioned traction force, but also, if necessary, a force pointing in the opposite direction and / or moving the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 away from each other, such as a thrust acting between the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Here, the mutually facing sides of adjacent and relatively movable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are constructed such that adjacent rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 carried by subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example, when the stop mechanism 119 is adjusted accordingly, move their working shell surfaces into a relative position desired for operation, wherein, if necessary, they have a desired gap width b104; b104' or a gap width b104; b104' adjusted based on the load. The explanation given here for the first gap 104; 104' will correspondingly apply to the adjustment of the second gap 107 and its gap width b107 in the case of the second gap 107 adjusted based on position.

[0163] In an advantageous embodiment of the application unit 101; 101' with a multi-piece sub-frame 128, at least one adjustment drive 109; 109' that adjusts, for example, changes, the position and / or contact force between the first roller and the second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' and includes a drive mechanism 132; 133 is designed in a position-based manner, for example, position-positionable, position-controllable, or position-adjustable, or in a particularly advantageous embodiment, can optionally operate in a position-based manner, for example, force-limited, force-controllable, or force-adjustable, or in a position-based manner, for example, position-positionable, position-controllable, or position-adjustable.

[0164] In this first implementation variant (see, for example, see...) Figures 18 to 22 For example, as a drive mechanism 133, it is provided with a subframe 128.3; 128.4 that carries the first roller 102; 102' and a subframe 128.1; 128.2 that carries the second roller 103; 103'; 106, and is based on a force-operable or operable drive mechanism 133, particularly capable of operating in a force-controlled or force-adjustable manner, particularly a cylinder-piston system that is pressure-fluidly or hydraulically loadable, and at least one in the subframe 128.3; 128.4 that carries the first roller 102; 102' and the subframe 128.1 that carries the second roller 103; 103'; 106. A stop mechanism 119, which operates between 128.2 and is adjustable, or adjustable as necessary, in terms of its stopping effect, via an adjusting member 146 and / or via a drive mechanism 155 designed to adjust the motor 155, may be introduced into the adjustment stroke, for example, selectively and / or in a manner that more or less defines the stroke. In principle, any preferably adjustable stop mechanism 119 can be provided as a stop mechanism 119 by which the abutment movement between two associated subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be defined and preferably adjusted in relation to the end position. This can be, for example, one or more stops 119 based on corresponding threads, which can be moved, in particular rotated, to the desired position manually or, if necessary, via a transmission and / or by adjusting the motor 155, via a remotely operated adjusting member 146. In this preferred embodiment, as a stop mechanism 119, a stop mechanism 119 based on a wedge-shaped transmission device is provided, for example, as wedge-shaped slats in opposite directions, which engage in pairs with opposite sides and have a thickness varying in opposite directions. For adjustment, it is sufficient that, for example, one of the wedge-shaped slats is displaced or movable relative to the other slat in the longitudinal direction of the pair of slats by a suitable adjusting member 146, for example, a motor-driven adjusting member 146 including a screw driver, or a motor-driven rack. With such a stop mechanism 119, very sensitive changes in the end position to be defined by the stop mechanism 119 can be achieved by utilizing the large length and small gradient in thickness of the engaging sides.

[0165] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one adjusting drive 109; 109' that realizes the variation and / or contact force between the two rollers 103; 103'; 106; 106' constituting the second roller gap 107; 107' and includes a drive mechanism 132; 133 is designed based on force, or in a particularly advantageous embodiment, optionally operable based on force or position. Here, for example, the drive mechanism 133 is configured as follows: it indirectly or directly engages two subframes 128.1; 128.2 that form the second 107; 107' therebetween, rollers 103; 103'; 106; 105', and is a force-operable or operable, particularly force-controlled or force-adjustable, cylinder-piston system, particularly loadable by pressure fluid, preferably hydraulically, and at least one stop mechanism 119 that acts between the two subframes 128.1; 128.2 and is adjustable by means of an adjusting member 146 and / or by means of a drive mechanism 155 included by the adjusting member 146. The stop mechanism 119 may be in the manner described above or different from this, but is designed to be at least adjustable, for example, controllable or adjustable, in terms of its stopping effect.

[0166] The drive mechanism 133 can indirectly or directly engage two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', particularly the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 carrying the rollers, or rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in such a way that: on the one hand, one actuating end of each of the drive mechanisms 132; 133 is connected to the piston rod 142 of a cylinder-piston system that is loadable, for example, by a pressurized fluid, particularly by hydraulic means, and is operated, for example by force controllable or position adjustable means, or is operable; and / or on the other hand, one end of the cylinder 166 is connected, for example, directly to the corresponding subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or the corresponding rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'. However, the connection can also be indirect, for example through another mechanism for transmitting the adjustment motion and / or adjustment force, such as a single-piece or multi-piece transmission member that extends or prolongs the piston 167 or piston rod 142 on one side and / or, if necessary, the cylinder body 166 on the other side, capable of withstanding traction and / or pushing loads, for example in the form of a pull rod and / or push rod. Here, the corresponding connection of the adjustment device 141 including the drive mechanism 133 is either directly to the drive mechanism 133 itself, for example, through a push plate and / or a traction plate 143; 144 defines the engagement surface for the action of the drive mechanism 132; 133 in this sense. Preferably, viewed from the adjustment direction, the two acting ends of the adjustment device 141 or the drive mechanism 133 included therein are connected to the corresponding subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 not only in a tensile manner but also in a compressive manner. This also achieves active distancing from each other, in addition to being close to each other.

[0167] In a preferred embodiment, between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', and particularly the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 carrying the rollers, at least one adjusting device 141; 165, including a drive mechanism 132; 133, and realizing relative adjustment of movement and / or traction force between the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the subframes 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, particularly the aforementioned traction device 141; 165, in the form of a clamping device 141; 165, engages the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in such a way that the adjusting device will engage the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the adjacent subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are fed into the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-stands 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with a force directed toward each other, within a pre-given gap width b104. soll The relative position or degree of contact related to the contact force is maintained constant by applying a force opposite to the adjustment direction of the powdered material 004 or the coated carrier substrate 006, unless otherwise specified in advance regarding the relative position and / or contact force to be maintained. That is, traction force can be introduced between the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 by, for example, a position- or force-based adjustable or controllable drive mechanism 132; 133, which will position the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 or the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' to the desired gap width b104. sollIn cases where the force is adjusted to the desired abutment force, the material or product strip 002 is moved against the opposite force or held in such a force if necessary. Compared to applying a pure thrust from the outside to one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the advantage is that the abutment force acts only on the gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' of the relevant rollers, and additionally and uncontrolledly, through the compression of the other rollers 103'; 106 caused by the second roller 103, applied along the adjustment direction to adjacent, additional, for example, second gaps 107; 107'. At least one drive mechanism 132; 133 or an adjustment device 141; 165 including the drive mechanism 132; 133 engages adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with their two active sides or actuating ends, in particular in such a manner that, in order to adjust the associated gaps 104; 104'; 107 between adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', the adjustment device applies an adjustment force toward each other to these rollers or their subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, i.e., directing a traction force that causes movement and / or abutment between the two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which provides the aforementioned advantages.

[0168] Therefore, in the advantageous solution presented here, between two or more adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, one or more adjustment devices 141, such as those described above, having drive mechanisms 132; 133, engage the adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 at their respective actuating ends, i.e., the ends of the drive mechanisms 132; 133 or adjustment devices 141 that can be changed by being spaced a certain distance from each other / or by the traction force applied between them. For example, for adjustments based on position or force, the adjustment device between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or sub-frames will realize the adjustment of rollers 102; 103; 102' ... The relative movement between 103' or subframes and / or the traction force of the contact force between rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' are introduced, such that the adjusting device 141 or drive mechanism 132; 133 pulls the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 closer to each other, for example, based on position or based on force adjustment.

[0169] According to Figures 18 to 22 In the implementation scheme, for adjusting the first and second gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107', a drive mechanism 133 is preferably provided that operates based on force, particularly force-controlled or force-adjustable, and / or is designed to be a cylinder-piston system capable of being loaded by pressure fluid, particularly hydraulically. This cylinder-piston system is preferably constructed or designed to be able to load a force of at least 20 kN, preferably at least 50 kN, in the gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107' of the associated rollers. Preferably, at least two such cylinder-piston systems acting between two adjacent sub-racks are provided on each rack side, wherein, through the integrity of these systems, force or linear force can be applied, for example.

[0170] Rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 can, in principle, be torsionally supported on corresponding shafts in the frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4 of the corresponding subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 by corresponding bearings 151, or advantageously, for example, as in Figures 18 to 22 and Figure 25 , Figure 26 and Figure 28As shown, the roller journals on the end sides are rotatably supported in bearings 151 designed as radial bearings 151, which are in turn disposed or arranged in or on the relevant frame walls 131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4. In both cases, viewed axially, the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103'; 106 or their roller journals or shafts are effectively supported radially on the width b151 of the bearing 151, which is determined by one or more rows of bearing elements that support the roller journals or shafts toward the relevant sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Where the radial bearing 151 is rotatable, this can be one or more rows of rolling elements or sliding surfaces arranged circumferentially. Here, the effective support width b151 is generated by the distance between the two outer edges of a single row of bearing elements or two rows of outer bearing elements.

[0171] In an embodiment particularly advantageous, for example, regarding the minimization of deformation, on two or more adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, where the distance between them and / or the contact force between them can be varied, adjusting devices 141; 165 engage one of the two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 at their two actuating ends, which are at varying distances from each other, in such a way that a plane G extending from the axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' supported in at least one of the two adjacent subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, particularly extending within the width of the frame wall, is at least connected to rollers 102; 103; supported in the two subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. The corresponding effective support widths b151, viewed axially, of 102', 103', 106', and 106' also intersect with the mating surfaces of the corresponding subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, and 128.4 constructed in the region of the working end, such as the pushing and / or traction plates 143 and 144 supported on or fixed to the corresponding subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, and 128.4 at the end side of the adjusting device 141 and 165, particularly the entire working cross-section, that is, the effective piston or cylinder internal cross-section in the cylinder 166 of the cylinder 166, which forms the drive mechanism 133 by a cylinder-piston system. This ensures that the traction stress acts in the alignment of the support and avoids tilting in the bearing 151 caused by the traction stress.

[0172] In a preferred embodiment, for all embodiments of the application unit 101; 101' or dual application units 101; 101' described in conjunction with sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, there is another design of the single-piece or multi-piece frame 128, wherein the rollers 102; 103; 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106'; 106' are arranged relative to each other at least in the operating position such that their axes of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' intersect the same connecting straight line in at least one radial guideline. This implementation should also be understood as having one or more rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' arranged slightly inclined to each other as described above, in the "planar arrangement" above, wherein rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' are preferably supported in the middle region of the respective roller length, at least along the same connecting straight line.

[0173] For the force-based drive mechanism 133 or the adjusting drive device 111, the force applied by the drive mechanism 133 is preferably adjustable, particularly controllable or adjustable. In the case of cylinder-piston systems using pressurized fluids, such as compressed air or preferably pressurized fluids (e.g., oil under overpressure), the pressure of the pressurized fluid supplied by the pressure source is particularly adjustable, especially controllable or adjustable, at least within the adjustment range required for operation, for example via a pressure control valve or a pump that can be controlled or adjusted with respect to the pressure to be supplied on the output side.

[0174] In the case of a second roll gap 107; 107' based on force adjustment or controllable or adjustable, and a first gap 104; 104' based on position adjustment or adjustment, control or adjustment, at least the corresponding first roll 102; 102' or its subframe 131.3; 131.4, viewed in the adjustment direction within the production operation range, is not fixed in position, but is movable or freely supported at least within an adjustment range of at least ±5µm. Thus, the first roll 102; 102' can move forward when the distance d104; d104' between the first roll and the second rolls 102; 103; 102'; 103' fluctuates due to slight fluctuations in material density.

[0175] In principle, independent of, but in conjunction with, one of the above-described designs, variations, constructions, implementations, or improvements of the application unit 101; 101' and / or coating apparatus 100; 100* and / or machine construction and / or frame 128, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, at least the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102; 103' are generally, or in at least one operating condition, supported or supported at an angle to each other, i.e., non-parallel (see, for example, see...). Figure 23 (The principle). However, in this case, these axes of rotation preferably extend in two parallel planes.

[0176] If such bearings are generally installed without the possibility of change, then when bearing 151 is arranged in a single-piece or multi-piece frame 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, an inclined arrangement can already be considered.

[0177] However, the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' are preferably tilted toward each other, that is, they can be tilted from a parallel position to opposite or different tilt angles α. Here, for example, one of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', especially the second roller 103, 103', is fixed in space according to the spatial orientation of its R102; R102', R103; R103', although the roller can move parallel in space without changing its inclination, while the other rollers of the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103', especially the first roller 102; 102', are tilted and supported at an angle relative to the orientation of its rotation axis R102; R102' relative to its rotation axis R102; 102'; 103; 103' in space and / or relative to the orientation of the rotation axis R103; R103'; R102; R102' of the other rollers 103; 103'; 102; 102', especially the second roller 103; 103'. The pivoting here preferably takes place around an actual or imaginary pivot axis, which, for example, lies in the plane of the rotation axis R102; R102'; R103; R103' of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or preferably extends perpendicularly to and intersects with the rotation axis R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'.

[0178] This tilting can, in principle, be directly achieved through a special design of the support portion accommodating the tiltable rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' within the frame 128. Thus, bearings 151, such as bearings including eccentric wheels, can be provided, for example, on at least one side, preferably on both sides, through which the radial position of the relevant rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' within the bearing 151 can be varied. Alternatively, radially movable bearings can be provided on one side or preferably on both sides of the frame 128, through which the movement of these bearings can radially change the relevant support portion.

[0179] Preferably, the first and second rollers 102, 103, 102, 103' of the same application unit 101; 101' are supported in or on different sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, for example on the first and / or second application units 101; 101', according to embodiments of the multi-sub-frame 128 described above or below. One of the two sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, preferably the sub-frame 128.3; 128.4 carrying the first roller 102; 102', is generally associated with the corresponding frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, one or more crossbeams 136; 137, and the rollers 102; 103; 102' supported therein. Together, 103' extends about a pivot axis S that is perpendicular to its axis of rotation R102; R103; R102'; R103' and intersects the roller at least over the maximum effective width of rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', which is pivotable (see, for example, see...). Figures 18 to 20 and Figures 22 to 25 ).

[0180] In an advantageous embodiment, the pivotable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are supported on at least two spaced-apart support portions 153 extending in a circumferential direction about the pivot axis S in an arc K, wherein the support portions are at a radius R S The inner part lies on the arc K extending about the pivot axis S and / or determining the position of the pivot axis S (see, for example, the arc K). Figure 24 The support portion 153 is formed, for example, by a sliding body or preferably a rolling element 153, such as a roller, arranged in two spaced bearing seats 147. The roller can rotate about an axis parallel to the pivot axis S. The radius R of the arc K. SFor example, it is greater than half the entire maximum available width of the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' that pivot together with subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. This allows for a large adjustment stroke even with minimal tilt changes.

[0181] The bearing housing 147 is supported, for example, on a guide 138 extending perpendicularly to the rotation axes R102, R103, R102', R103' of the rollers 102, 103, 102', 103' carried by the pivotable subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, and on this guide, together with the subframes 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4 supported thereon, can move in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axes R102, R103, R102', R103'.

[0182] In a preferred embodiment, the support portion 153 for supporting the pivotable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 mates with a support surface 154 facing the support portion 153. The support portion 153 is arranged in the lower region of the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, particularly in the region at the lower end of at least one of the two associated frame walls 131.1, 131.2, 131.3, 131.4, and / or at least within the adjustment range of the pivoting movement viewed along the circumferential direction of the arc K, and has a surface supported on at least one support portion 153, the surface having a profile that is curved in an arc shape at least within the adjustment range. The radius of curvature preferably corresponds to the aforementioned radius R. S .

[0183] In principle, pivoting can be performed manually, but preferably, in particular, a remotely operable drive mechanism is preferred, through which the relevant subracks 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 can be pivoted.

[0184] The pivot angle or tilt angle α is, for example, between 0.1° and 2.0°, particularly between 0.5° and 1.5°, and preferably 1.0°. The range of adjustment for pivoting can be, for example, from 0° to at least 1°, advantageously from 0° to at least 1.5°, or even from 0° to 2.0° or possibly a larger range.

[0185] The above description of the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, which are pivotable about the pivot axis S, applies to all embodiments proposed for the segmented frames 128; 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, provided that: the simple subframes 128.1; 128.3 or the subframes 128.1; 128.3 or the two application units 101; 101' of the dual application units 101; 101', with their first or second rollers 102; 103 for single-sided application, are pivotally designed and advantageously have the above-described mechanism.

[0186] Regardless of whether rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' pivot together with or without subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, the pivot axis S is preferably located in the plane of the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' and / or at least perpendicular to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the pivotable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', extending advantageously perpendicular to the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103' of the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', and / or at least with the pivotable rollers 102; 103; The rotation axes R102, R103, R102', and R103' of the first and second rollers 102, 103, 102', and 103' respectively intersect, advantageously intersecting with the rotation axes R102, R103, R102', and R103' of the second rollers 102, 103, 102', and 103' respectively. The pivot axis S of the pivotable rollers 102, 102', 103' advantageously intersects with the rotation axes R102, R103, R102', and R103' of the pivotable rollers 102, 103, 102', and 103' respectively, advantageously intersecting with the rotation axes R102, R103, and R102', and 103' respectively. The first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' of R103' preferably intersect at the center interval, i.e., at most 15% of the available length, or particularly at the center level of the maximum available roller width. In the preferred embodiment shown, the pivoting motion of the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103' occurs in a plane perpendicular to the pivot axis S, during which the plane does not move in the direction of the pivot axis and / or the pivot axis does not change its position in space. This allows pivoting to be performed independently of contact and separation, and vice versa.

[0187] In an alternative embodiment of the above-described embodiment of the adjusting drive device 109; 109', the adjusting drive device is used to adjust the rollers 102; 102'; 103; 103' or the gaps 104; 104'; 107; 107', particularly the associated or corresponding first roller 102; 102', and / or the gap width b104; 104' between the first roller and the second roller 102; 103; 102'; 103', which can be adjusted based on position, such as by position control or position-controlled operation or operability. The adjusting device 165 or its adjusting drive device 109; 109' that adjusts the first roller and the second roller 102; 103 relative to each other includes one or more position-controllable or position-adjustable drive mechanisms 132, wherein, for example, a defined and / or predetermined position can be taken by itself or by corresponding control or adjustment.

[0188] In the particularly advantageous embodiment shown here, the position-adjustable or operable drive mechanism 132 of the position-controlled or adjustable adjustment drive 109 is controlled and / or adjusted or controllable and / or manageable by a position-controlled drive, such as a drive controlling a rotor or, in particular, a piston 167, through a control or adjustment quantity, and is formed by a pressure fluid, in particular a hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132. This is particularly with respect to the position of the piston 167, or simply the piston position, with respect to a quantity determined by the gap width b104 or a quantity related to and / or representing the gap width b104, forming a control or adjustment quantity to control and / or adjust or controllable and / or manageable hydraulic actuation cylinder-piston system, which is formed to adjust the drive (see, for example, see...). Figures 25 to 28 Here, in principle, it is related to external quantities such as, for example, the rated gap width b104. soll Or another quantity associated with and / or representing it, such as the piston position itself—the piston 167 of the cylinder-piston system, viewed in the actuation direction, is controlled and / or adjusted in a defined manner with respect to its position by a rated or reference value, and particularly in positions presented by changes, such as forces within the working region that simultaneously, for example, change in the piston's direction of motion, for example, intentionally facilitating a new change on the input side by pre-given adjustment points. While the piston 167 is controllable or adjustable with respect to its absolute position, it must be at least able to be positioned in a defined manner by the associated control and / or adjustment mechanism 156, and able to be held in that position by corresponding control or adjustment. The cylinder-piston system is specifically designed to be double-acting, meaning that the piston 167 can be acted upon by pressurized fluids from both sides.

[0189] The values ​​associated with and / or representing the gap width b104 can, in principle, be any measured value that describes the magnitude of the adjustment movement, the change in the orientation of the measuring part, or the distance changed during adjustment, such as the piston position, the distance between the fixed measuring part of the roller, or the moving points in the transmission system.

[0190] Specifically, the adjustment drive 109 thus includes path- or position-based positioning of the gap 104 as the adjustment drive, i.e., as the drive mechanism 132, the hydraulic cylinder-piston system can be operated, in particular controlled or regulated, by the adjustment drive formed by the adjustment mechanism 164; 164* relative to a rated or commanded value formed by the gap width b104 or a value associated with and / or representing the gap width b104.

[0191] Here, the hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system, controlled and / or adjusted relative to the piston position relative to a rated or reference value, can in principle be controlled or adjustable to a predetermined or pre-given gap width b104, or a value representing the gap width b104, as the rated gap width b104. soll Control chain S b Components or as a reference to the rated gap width b104 soll The regulating loop R b The component, the pre-given or pre-given gap width b104, or the dimension representing the gap width b104, shall be adjusted or adapted to the rated gap width b104. soll (For example, see) Figures 26 to 29 ).

[0192] The adjustment mechanism 164; 164* is preferably an adjustment element together with the cylinder-piston system used as an actuator, together with the sensor 157 for detecting the gap width b104 or a quantity related to and / or representing the gap width b104, together with the adjustment mechanism 164; 164* and the control device 171, for example simply referred to as regulator 171, to form the adjustment loop R. bThe components, via controller 171, allow the gap width b104 to be adjusted as a reference value to obtain and maintain the rated width b104. The actuator, including the cylinder-piston system, adjusting mechanism 164; 164*, and controller 171, is generally formed, for example, here particularly relating to a position or position adjustment or controllable hydraulic actuator, especially a servo hydraulic adjusting drive or actuator. The term "control device 171" or "controller 171" is used herein to include, in addition to the controller loop or logic itself, any power supply, amplifier stage, etc., that may be required for this purpose. The adjusting mechanism 164; 164*, together with the control device 171 acting thereon, can be summarized as one of the terms "adjusting devices," for example, the adjusting device itself can be shown in a partially simplified manner in the figures.

[0193] In a controlled environment, for example through a control chain S b The control mechanism provides a defined piston position to the drive mechanism 132, or a possible variation of the defined piston position, for example, by providing an integrated position sensor within the cylinder-piston system itself, through which the position sensor can be controlled via the control chain S. b Provided in advance.

[0194] In the case of a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system where the piston position is controllable or adjustable regarding another external dimension, such as the gap width b104, the layer thickness d003, or the basis weight FG, the cylinder-piston system is integrated into the corresponding control chain S. b S F S d ; S” d The corresponding adjustment loop R of the corresponding external sensor or external measurement system is provided. b ;R d ; R” d R F In the middle. Then, for example, specify the rated gap width b104. soll Or the piston position is controlled by a control chain S related to the external dimensions. b S F S d ; S” d Or regulating circuit R b R d ; R” d R F Change accordingly.

[0195] The drive mechanism 132, which operates in a position-controlled or controllable manner, regardless of the rated gap width b104 sollThe values ​​associated with and / or indicating whether they are used as rated or reference values ​​for positioning the piston 167 are preferably formed by a hydraulically operated or operable cylinder-piston system of at least one cylinder 166, as described above, wherein the piston 167, movable within the cylinder 166, fluidly separates at least two chambers 168; 169 from each other. The piston 167 acts on a piston rod 142 that is drawn out of the cylinder 166 at its end via a suitable seal, and the piston rod may be designed as a single piece or extended in a tensile and compressive manner by one or more drawbars and / or pushbars.

[0196] In this preferred embodiment, the piston position is controlled and / or adjusted by a rated or reference value by a hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132, particularly a cylinder-piston system, regardless of the rated gap width b104, as described above. soll The format of the gap width b104 still represents the gap width b104. soll The slit width b104, or a value representing the slit width b104 and / or a value related to the slit width and / or a value representing the slit width, are used as nominal or reference values ​​for positioning the piston 167, chambers 168 and 169 separated from each other by pistons 169; 169 are connected via pressure medium lines 158; 159 are adjusted by an adjustment mechanism 164; 164* in particular to dispense and / or selectively load more or less pressure fluid to a defined extent, such that the position or orientation of the piston depends on the inflow and outflow in the cylinder body in a defined manner within chambers 168; 169, which are movable in cylinder 166, and thereby protrude from piston rod 142 or its possible extended working end, which, for example, is indirectly or directly disposed of in roller 102 forming the first slit 104; Engagement occurs on one of the rollers 103, for example, on the first roller 102, and the piston rod 142—possibly via an extension—engages indirectly or directly on another roller 103 of an adjacent pair of rollers 102, 103, for example, on the second roller 103, and vice versa. This depends on the working length of the drive mechanism 132, particularly the cylinder-piston system, or variations in the working length due to changes in the position of the piston 167 in the cylinder 166, and therefore depends on the variation in the distance between the engagement points of the drive mechanism 132 or the adjusting device 141 including the drive mechanism 132 on the two rollers 102; 103 or their subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0197] The corresponding chambers 168 and 169 can be optionally loaded with additional pressurized fluid via the adjustment mechanism 164 or 164* when necessary, i.e., when adjustment is required, and another chamber 169 or 168 can remove the pressurized medium, particularly the pressurized fluid, or discharge it by squeezing, depending on the volume to be released.

[0198] In the advantageous first implementation scheme (see, for example, see...) Figure 26 and Figure 27 The adjusting mechanism 164, used as an adjusting element, can be composed of an adjustable or switchable valve, particularly a multi-way valve, such as a directional valve for short, through which, depending on the selected switching state s0; s1; s2; s3, in the first switching state s1, for example, holding state s1, no chamber 168; 169 is or can be subjected to additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, or in the second switching state s2, for example, the first passage state s2, one of the chambers is or can be subjected to additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, or in the third switching state s3, for example, the second passage state s3, another chamber 168; 169 is or can be subjected to additional pressure fluid from the connected pressure fluid source P, and preferably simultaneously the other chamber 169; 168 is or can be correspondingly deloaded or deloadable by discharge into the reservoir R. Preferably, the pressure fluid source P, such as a pressure medium container filled with pressure fluid, can be supplied again with the hydraulic working fluid under overpressure, such as hydraulic oil, from a reservoir R at a pressure level, for example, at ambient pressure or at least below the working pressure level in cylinder 166, via a corresponding pump or compressor. The first or holding switching state s1, which involves maintaining the achieved state, should also include embodiments in which flow, particularly small and / or possibly adjustable, is achieved in both chambers 168; 169 to compensate for any losses caused by leakage, and thus maintains the assumed piston position and / or existing pressure despite the presence of leakage. In this respect, in the holding switching state s1, both chambers 168; 169 are not in fluid communication with the pressure fluid source P at all, or may not be in fluid communication with the pressure fluid source P, particularly to a small degree or to a throttling degree. Since the purpose of holding state s1 is to achieve a balance between the two chambers 168; 169, and the piston 167 does not move to one side or the other, this can also be referred to herein as a balanced state. Specifically, in holding state s1, there is no or no significant pressure difference between chambers 168 and 169, such that piston 167 remains stationary in the assumed position.

[0199] In the second or third switching state s2; s3, the position of piston 167, and thus the actuating end connected to piston 167, can be changed to a defined extent in cylinder 166 by selectively and / or quantitatively supplying pressurized fluid into one of chambers 168; 169, particularly by simultaneously removing pressurized fluid from the other chamber 169; 168. The cylinder-piston system's active component—and, for example, operably connected to these rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4—allows the distance to be changed in a defined manner when viewed along the adjustment direction.

[0200] In the preferred embodiment described above, the adjusting device 141 acting on or between two adjacent rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 with the action end is dispensed into the chamber 169 located on one side of the piston rod 142. The action length of the cylinder-piston system is shortened, and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are positioned towards each other by traction. For example, when dispensed into the chamber 169 opposite to the piston rod 142, the action length increases, and the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are separated and closed by pushing force.

[0201] In cases not shown here, where the adjustment device for position- or path-based adjustment is designed and arranged such that adjustment occurs or is possible by pressing one roller in the direction of the other rollers, conversely, when the feed enters the chamber 169 located on one side of the piston rod 142, one roller will separate from the other rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or one will separate from the other roller. Subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 are positioned away from each other by traction, and, for example, when the feed enters the chamber 169 away from the piston rod 142, one roller is adjusted in the direction of the other rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', or one is adjusted in the direction of another subframe 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0202] For example, Figure 27As shown, the directional control valve, for example as a four-way valve, additionally has a fourth switching state s4, i.e., switching state s4, in which two chambers 168; 169 are connected to the reservoir R via a return section, and thus, for example, switch to pressure reduction. The directional control valve is preferably designed such that the fourth switching state s4 simultaneously represents the basic switching state s4, and the directional control valve returns to the basic switching state s4 when the adjusting drive 176 is not in operation. In this fourth switching state s4, only a symbolic indication of the throttling device is given; for example, the throttling device can provide a so-called pipe choke. This means that when the cylinder-piston system is depressurized, for example, when operation is terminated, sudden load release can be avoided.

[0203] Independently or advantageously added to the above scheme, in the advantageous embodiment, the directional or multi-way valve can not only be binary-swapped in at least one of its active switching states to pass or block, but also can be binary-swapped for at least one, preferably for two passage states s2; s3, in the manner of a proportional valve, particularly as a proportional directional valve, through which fluid flows relative to the proportional valve in the relevant switching states s2; s3. The flow rate and / or can be controlled or regulated according to the fluid pressure applied to the output side. In this advantageous embodiment, in the above case, the directional valve is preferably a proportional directional valve. The fourth switching state s4, for example as a four-position four-way proportional directional valve, is also controlled by the valve, particularly by adjusting the drive device 176, in addition to one of the above. The holding state S1, the second switching state s2, particularly the first passage state s2 whose flow rate and / or output pressure are variable, and / or the third switching state S3, particularly the second passage state s3 whose flow rate and / or output pressure are variable, can be adjusted.

[0204] Regardless of the design, the directional control valve or its adjusting actuator 176 is either a directional control valve with only a binary flow state s2; s3, or a variable flow state s2; s3, or flow state s2; s3, with at least one, preferably two, opening degrees, such as flow rate and / or output pressure. The adjusting actuator 176 can be adjusted, and the adjusting actuator can be, for example, a motor or preferably a controllable electromagnet 176. The directional control valve is preferably controlled by a controller 171 as the regulating loop R mentioned below. b R d ; R” d R F The components are controlled or controllable, or if necessary, when the gap 104 involved is adjusted based on path or position, the relationship between the piston position and the gap width b104 can be controlled by a correspondingly configured control device and an internal adjustment circuit associated with the piston position.

[0205] Independent of the specific implementation of the valve above, the cylinder-piston system together with the directional valve and the controller 171 acting on the directional valve forms, for example, a so-called servo hydraulic adjustment drive.

[0206] To provide and maintain a specific slit width b104 when pressing powder into film 007, an overpressure of at least 100 bar, preferably at least 150 bar, and particularly at least 200 bar, is provided by a compressed air source P pressure fluid, where 1 bar = 100 kPa. This also applies to the drive mechanism 133 of the first embodiment, which is designed as a cylinder-piston system and in which it operates against the stop mechanism 119. For path-based positioning, this ensures, for example, that the slit width b104 remains constant, although a significant amount of material may be compressed within the film-forming slit; for force-based adjustment, this ensures the feasibility of applying high compaction and / or strong compression with the carrier substrate 006 within the slit 107.

[0207] In the alternative, the adjustment mechanism 164*, used as an adjustment element (see, for example, [reference needed]). Figure 28 The system is designed as a pump, driven by a motor, particularly a servo motor, especially a reversible one, and can be adjusted and / or regulated, particularly with respect to a defined, volume-dependent, delivery rate, by which pressurized fluid is delivered to or from one chamber 168; 169. Depending on the design of the cylinder-piston system, additional components may be provided, such as an expansion tank and / or valves. The cylinder-piston system, along with the servo motor-driven pump and possibly other components, such as a controller 171 acting on the pump, such as a so-called servo hydraulic actuator, completes the system.

[0208] For example, in the case of a hydraulically driven mechanism 132 that adjusts the gap width b104, the adjustment mechanism 164 is directly loaded on the input side representing the desired gap width b104. soll The corresponding control commands.

[0209] For all embodiments of a cylinder-piston system that can be acted upon by a pressure medium, particularly a pressure fluid, it is advantageous to provide emergency shut-off, especially because maintaining high pressure and preventing excessive contact force, by utilizing pressure sensor 177. When one or the first roller is in contact with an adjacent other or second roller 103; 103'; 102; 102', pressure sensor 177 detects that the cylinder-piston system is provided with a pipeline path for supplying pressure fluid, and switching logic implemented in the control device and connected to the pressure sensor 177 signal, when the pipeline supplies one roller to an adjacent roller, the pressure in the pipeline path rises above a threshold, thus, for example, when using the above-described device, the pressure medium supply to the cylinder-piston system is reduced. For example, when using the above, the directional valve is switched to the pressure reduction switching state s4, or switched to the operating mode that causes shutdown. The directional valve is switched to the closing switching state s2. Pressure sensor 177 can be located in the pipeline connection 159, or, as shown, in the pipeline path on the outlet side inside the valve. The switching logic can be integrated, for example, as a loop or as a software routine into the control device 171 that controls the directional valve.

[0210] In a preferred embodiment of the hydraulically operated drive mechanism 132 that adjusts relative to the gap width b104, the adjustment mechanism 164 or the adjustment drive device 176 for adjusting the adjustment mechanism 164 (whether designed as a directional valve or a pump) is supplied with an adjustment command from the controller 171 on the input side. The controller compares the gap width b104 determined by the sensor 157 with the desired or specified gap width b104. soll For example, the rated gap width b104 soll The difference is compared, and based on the deviation, a corresponding adjustment command is sent to the adjustment mechanism 164 or its adjustment drive to increase or decrease the gap width b104. soll For the gap widths to be compared, b104; b104 soll It should also be the corresponding gap width b104; b104 soll Representative values ​​should be included.

[0211] The controller 171 receives the determined gap width b104 directly or indirectly from the sensor 157, which, if necessary, provides the gap width b104 or gap width 104 via an evaluation device 161 specifically configured for the sensor 157 used. sollThe measured values ​​are obtained. The preferred sensor element 157 used herein comprises two sensors 157.1; 157.2, such as capacitive sensors 157.1; 157.2, which are pointed at the shortest distance line between the two rollers 102; 103 on the cylindrical roller surface of one of the two rollers 102; 103, or at a rotationally symmetrical cylindrical measuring surface on one of the respective rollers 102, 103 about its axis of rotation R102; R103, such as a so-called measuring ring. Each sensor 157.1; 157.2 outputs a distance or a quantity representing that distance as a measured value, the sum of which is related to one of the calibration measurements, such as when the gap width is zero or the calibration thickness is small. The determined reference value, for example, after a corresponding evaluation in the evaluation device 161, provides the actual gap width b104 or a dimensional value representing it.

[0212] In an advantageous embodiment, at least one of the aforementioned hydraulically operated drive mechanisms 132 is located indirectly or directly between the first and second rollers 102, 103 on each frame side, but preferably there are two or, if necessary, even more such drive mechanisms 132 on each frame side.

[0213] For adjusting individual movable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106, or for multiple sub-racks 128 of movable sub-racks 128.1; 128.3; 128.4, a linear adjustment stroke is provided and / or, for example, an adjustment stroke with multiple possible adjustment ranges, such as at least 2 mm, particularly or even at least 4 mm, is provided, despite the small thickness of the dry film 003; 003' or product belt 002. The latter can provide sufficient parking space for maintenance purposes or accidents.

[0214] Although the path- or position-based adjustment drive 109 is explained in conjunction with the first gap 104 which is preferably used for this purpose, the already described content must also be applied accordingly if the second gap 107 is also to be adjusted or regulated based on the path or position.

[0215] Even if only the reference numerals without strikethrough are used to describe the adjustment drive, if there are second and first gaps 1034', they should be transferred to the corresponding adjustment drive 109' with apostrophe reference numerals.

[0216] In principle, the corresponding adjustment drive device 109; 109' designed according to the first embodiment, which engages between a pair of rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' with active ends, has a force-based adjustment drive device and a stop mechanism 119. In the second embodiment, it has one or more hydraulically operated drive mechanisms 132 that are controlled and / or adjusted relative to the piston position. These mechanisms are applied to the arrangement and / or engagement of the rollers 102, 103; 102; 103' in the integrated frame 128, and are adjustably supported on the sidewalls of the integrated or multi-sub-frame 128, supporting the roller 102 to be placed using bearings or bearing assemblies. For example, the rollers 102; 103; 106; 102'; 103' to be placed can be rotatably accommodated in bearings or bearing assemblies with their roller journals on both sides, which are linearly movable along the adjustment direction and supported on the frame 128, frame components, or base.

[0217] However, this arrangement of the adjustment drive 109; 109' is also preferably combined with a multi-subframe 128 of multiple subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in a second embodiment of the adjustment drive combined with one of the above, for designing the subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 and / or configuring one or two application units and / or one of the pivot rollers, in particular the first roller 102, and / or engaging in plane G and / or forming a force-based adjustment drive 111; 111' for the second roller gap 107, after which the second gap 107 is adjusted between the roller 103'; 107, which serves as the pressure roller, and the first roller 102 or other rollers between them. Preferably, in the manner of the first embodiment described above, the force-based or combined adjustment drive device 111 has at least one drive mechanism 133, which can operate or be operated based on force, particularly in a force-controllable or force-adjustable manner. For example, the drive mechanism 133 is provided with one or preferably multiple cylinder-piston systems, and if necessary, is provided with an adjustable stop 119.

[0218] In a preferred embodiment, at least one drive mechanism 132 or an adjustment device 165 including the drive mechanism 132 engages with the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 at its two active sides or actuating ends. Specifically, in order to adjust the gap 104; 104' between the first and second rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', opposing adjustment forces are applied to these or their sub-frames 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, i.e., on the sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; The traction force is introduced between 128.4, which brings the above-mentioned advantages. The force generated by the position-based adjustment acts only on the relevant first gap 104; 104', and does not act on the second gap, such as what may happen when the outer roller is subjected to external force. In the proposed solution, the corresponding drive mechanism 132 or the adjustment device 165 including the drive mechanism 132 is indirectly or directly engaged with one of the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, and indirectly or directly engaged with the other end on the other roller 102; 103; 102'; 103' or their sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4, thereby determining the relative position and / or the abutment force applied between the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'.

[0219] The principle of the adjusting device 141, particularly the traction device 141, engaged between rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', described for example in the form of a clamping device 141, allows rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' to be brought closer together or loaded with forces toward each other, particularly the pulling forces acting indirectly or directly between rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', in order to abut or adjust closer together in the adjusting direction. This is especially true for the first and second embodiments of the adjusting drive device 141; 165 or drive mechanisms 132, 133. It should be understood or applied, of course, to solutions where the two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' moving toward each other are not indirectly located on relatively movable subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; Instead of being supported in frame 128.4, they are supported separately on frame 128, secondary frame, or sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4. Here, for example, at least one of two rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' that are pulled toward each other can be supported in or on the relevant frame 128, sub-frame, or sub-frame 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 in the adjustment direction. The adjustable rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103' can advantageously be supported in linear bearings so that they can move in the adjustment direction.

[0220] In an alternative, the hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system, with respect to the control and / or adjustment of the piston position, can function as a control chain S with respect to a pre-given or pre-prevenable layer thickness d003 or a value representing the layer thickness d003. d The components are controlled, or for example, by connecting to an adjustment loop R having a sensor element 172 disposed in the substrate path for determining the layer thickness d003. d In this context, adjustments are made regarding a pre-given or pre-given layer thickness d003 or a value representing the layer thickness d003 (see, for example, [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 30 and Figure 31 The sensor 172 used to determine the layer thickness d003 can be, for example, at least one sensor 172.1 operating in a capacitive or inductive manner, preferably a combination of inductive and capacitive, and / or, for example, for determining the circumferential region of the relevant roller on the second roller or a roller disposed between the second roller and the pressure roller, and / or pointing towards the roller between which the dry film 003 is formed or received and output. This can be, for example, in Figure 30 As shown in the example, the measured layer thickness d003 is directly input into the adjustment device, and is based on the rated thickness d003. sollThe comparison between the measured layer thickness d003 and the hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system can be altered via the adjustment mechanism 164 in case of deviation. Alternatively, it can be, for example, as... Figure 31 As shown in the example, the external regulation loop R” d The measured layer thickness d003 is first determined by controller 174 with the rated thickness d003. soll The comparison is performed, and in the event of deviations, such as those based on defined relationships, the nominal gap width b104 is first generated. soll The change value is fed into and / or used as the aforementioned regulating loop R. b The foundation, used to adjust the gap width b104 as an internal adjustment circuit R b To achieve the new rated gap width b104 soll .

[0221] For example, in the cylinder 166 of the cylinder-piston system, in the first operating state of the piston 166, viewed along the direction of movement, the first position and the resulting gap 104 occupy a first gap width b104, in order to adjust and maintain the first volume loaded with pressurized fluid and corresponding to each other by means of the adjustment mechanism 164; 164* for the two chambers 168; 169 of the cylinder-piston system. In the second operating state of the device, the piston 166 occupies a second position in the cylinder 166, viewed along the direction of movement, which is different from the first position, and the gap 104 occupies a second gap width b104, which is different from the first gap width b104, in order to adjust and maintain the two chambers 168; 169 to a second volume different from the first volume by means of the adjustment mechanism 164; 164*.

[0222] In another alternative to the control or regulation of a hydraulically operated cylinder-piston system that adjusts and / or regulates relative to the piston position, this can be achieved by integrating the control loop R with respect to the aforementioned piston position at a rated or reference value, in relation to a pre-given or pre-preservable weight FG or a value representing weight FG. FG In this process, sensor elements 413; 413.1; 413.2 disposed in the substrate path are used to determine the weight FG relative to a predetermined or pre-given weight FG or a quantity representing the weight FG (see, for example, see...). Figure 33 The same applies to the implementation of the adjustment drive 109; 109' with stop mechanism 119 and drive mechanism 155. For the underlying internal adjustment circuit R with or without the control of the gap width b104... bThe implementation scheme described above also applies here. And it must be applied accordingly, specifically in the manner described above, whereby the measured weight FG or the corresponding value is adjusted in an external control loop R. FG The regulator 175 first compares the value with a pre-given weight FG or a pre-given quantity, and when a deviation occurs, it first generates a value for the rated gap width b104, for example, by means of a defined relationship. soll The changed value is transmitted to and / or based on the corresponding control or the adjustment loop R described above for adjusting the gap width b104. b To achieve the new rated gap width b104 soll Internal regulating circuit R b .

[0223] For example, in the first operating state of the machine, where the weight FG or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the allowable range, there is a first gap width b104. And in the second operating state, after a change implemented by the control and / or adjustment device 156 via the drive mechanism 132; 155, there exists a second gap width b104 different from the first gap width b104, where the weight FG or its value FD... soll It is equivalent to the rated value or at least within the allowable range.

[0224] Even in the foregoing and related figures, the embodiment with hydraulic actuation drive mechanism 132 is specifically presented and shown only for a pair of first rollers and second rollers 102 and 103 that are coupled with rollers 103' and 107 used as pressure rollers, which of course applies to the case of dual application units 101' and 101' accordingly for a second pair with first rollers and second rollers 102' and 103'.

[0225] The above control chain S b S d ; S” d S F Or regulating circuit R b R d ; R” d R F The first embodiment of the adjustment drive device 109; 109' will be applied, provided that: the associated control chain S b S d ; S” d S F or related regulating circuit R b R d ;R” d R FInstead of acting on the hydraulically controlled and / or adjusted cylinder-piston system regarding piston position, the action is on the adjusting member 146, and particularly on the adjusting motor 155 included by the adjusting member 146, for adjusting the stop mechanism 119, and particularly the stop 119. These variations are in Figures 29 to 31 and Figure 33 The corresponding drive mechanism 155 is indicated by the reference numeral 155 in parentheses or by the reference numeral 155 of the adjusting member 146 that includes the drive mechanism 155.

[0226] In a preferred embodiment, for all the combined subframes 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4 described in the description of the application unit workpiece 101; 101' or the dual application unit workpiece 101; 101', and for all designs with single or multiple subframes designed in any other way, the rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103'; 106; 106' arranged in the dual application unit 101; 101'; 101' are arranged relative to each other, at least in the operating position, such that the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R103'; R106 of these rollers intersect the same connecting straight line extending horizontally in particular, along at least one radial guideline along the rotation axes R102; R103; R102'; R106. In the case of having one or more inclined rollers 102; 103; 102'; 102, 103'; 106; 106', the connecting line coincides, for example, with the corresponding pivot axis S. In the case where rollers 102; 103; 102'; 103', 106; 106' are not inclined, the rotation axes R102; R103, R102'; R103'; R106 are advantageously parallel, for example, as explained in the embodiments described above, and even located in the same plane, which here is particularly horizontally extending.

[0227] For all the above-described embodiments, variations, configurations, implementations, or designs, the adjustment drive devices 109, 109', 111, 111' of the rollers 103, 103', 106, 106' that at least constitute the second gap 107; 107' and the bearing mechanisms 112, 112', 113, 113' surrounding them are preferably designed to, depending on operation, form a gap width of at least 15 μm, advantageously at least 30 μm, and particularly at least 50 μm at the narrowest point, and / or particularly at least within the boundaries defined by the maximum adjustment path, to form a gap between the two rollers 103; 103', 106, 106' via the product strip 002; 002' to be formed and / or through at least one adjustment mechanism 112; 112' and / or at least one adjustment drive device 109; The slit width is adjusted by the pressing force or linear force caused by 109', and / or in the second slit 107', at least in the area that contributes to film formation and / or film application, a linear force of, for example, at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm is applied between the rollers 103', 103', 106', and / or the desired linear force is kept constant even if the dry film thickness fluctuates. This is achieved, for example, by autonomous or regulated tracking of at least one of the two rollers 103', 106', 106'. Here, in contrast to tracking regulated via a regulating loop, autonomous tracking is performed, for example, by a force-adjustable, particularly force-controllable or force-tunable drive mechanism or the force applied by it itself, without the need for post-adjustment via an additional regulating loop.

[0228] In all the above-described designs, variations, constructions, implementations, or designs, in a particularly advantageous improvement, a suction section 123 is provided above one or more application units 101; 101', through which escaped gas or generated vapor can be suctioned out if necessary.

[0229] The rollers 102, 102', 103, 103', 106, and 106' of the aforementioned application units 101 and 101' are preferably designed to have a width in the range of 400 mm to 800 mm, particularly 500 mm to 700 mm, that can be used for film formation and / or application.

[0230] In principle, independent of, but particularly advantageously combined with, one of the designs, variations, constructions, embodiments, or improvements of the coating apparatus 100; 100* and / or one of the equipment and / or configurations for the machine explained in more detail below, it is quite advantageous for the formation of a dry film, particularly for subsequent application to the carrier substrate 006 in, for example, the application unit 101; 101 described above, especially in combination with the aforementioned multi-piece design and / or design of the adjustment drive device 109; 109'; 111; 111'.

[0231] As described above, in order to form or produce a dry film 003; 003' from, for example, the powdered material 004 described above using a first roller 102; 102' and a second roller 103; 103' forming a gap 104; 104' between the first roller 102; 102' and its shell surface, the powdered material 004; 004' is supplied to the gap 104; 104' via the region of the sharp corner above the gap 104; 104', and the powdered material is fed through the gap 104; 104' so that it forms a dry film 003; 003' further fed onto the shell surface of the second roller 103; 103' as it passes through the gap 104; 104'. Here, the first roller 102; 102' can be driven or driven at a first circumferential speed V (102; 102') in its shell area, and the second roller 103; 103' can be driven or driven at a second circumferential speed V103; 103' in its shell area. The basis weight FG of the dry film 003; 003' formed by the slits 104; 104', i.e., the mass per unit area of ​​the dry film 003; 003' (e.g., in milligrams per square centimeter (mg / cm²)). 2 The ratio V(102;102'):V(103;103') between the circumferential speed V(102;102') of the first roller 102; 102' in its shell area and the circumferential speed V(103; 103') of the second roller 103; 103' in its shell area is changed, for example, intentionally adjusted.

[0232] The ratio V(102; 102'):V(103; 103') varies, for example, in the range of 1:3 to 1:6, advantageously in the range of at least 1:4 to 1:5. This variation in the ratio V(102; 102'):V(103; 103') can be achieved by changing the differential, and vice versa, so that the aforementioned change in the ratio V(102; 102'):V(103; 103') can also be considered as a change in the differential, and vice versa.

[0233] A particular advantage is the inclusion of an adjustment loop, such as a so-called closed loop, in which, during operation, the weight FG, or the measured value representing the weight FG, is adjusted to the rated value FG by changing the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102; 102'; 103; 103'), based on the measured value representing the weight FG. soll Or values ​​within the allowed range (see, for example) Figure 32 ).

[0234] The variation in the ratio between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') is advantageously achieved with a fixed but adjustable slit width b104. The slit width can be adjusted, for example, based on position and / or in terms of the aforementioned quantities.

[0235] Preferably, the change in the ratio between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') is preferably achieved by changing the circumferential speed V (102; 102') of the first roller 102; 102', while the second roller 103; 103' continues to run, for example, at the current, and in particular, fixed machine speed.

[0236] The change in the circumferential speed V (102; 102') of the first roller 102 is achieved, for example, by loading an adjustment signal onto the control and / or adjustment mechanism 173 of the rotation drive device, particularly the drive mechanism, of the first roller 102 to achieve a change in relative speed. In the preferred case where the first roller 102 is driven by a single motor, the adjustment element is, for example, the control and / or adjustment mechanism 173 of the drive motor, and the reference value is, for example, the value of the change in the transmission coefficient. In the case where the drive of the first roller 102 is mechanically coupled via a transmission, the control and / or adjustment mechanism 173 can be formed by an adjustment drive device of the transmission stage that is adjustable in speed ratio, and the adjustment signal is, for example, an adjustment signal for adjusting the transmission ratio.

[0237] This change occurs, for example, along a particularly linear decreasing relationship between the difference, expressed as a percentage, between the circumferential speed V(103) of the second and first rollers (103; 102) and the circumferential speed V(103) of the second roller 103, or a value representing the magnitude of this difference, and the weight FG, or a value representing the weight FG, on the other hand. Here, for example, at least within the applied adjustment range (e.g., within 70% to 85% of the differential speed), a particularly negative slope occurs when, for example, the aforementioned difference change is within 1%, resulting in 1.0 to 1.5 mg / cm³. 2 Especially 1.1 to 1.3 mg / cm 2 Weight variation within the range.

[0238] The current basis weight value can be determined by measurement on the unapplied dry film 003; 003' at a location behind the gap 104; 104' in the conveying path of the dry film 003; 003', for example on the second roller 103; 103', or by measurement on the dry film 003; 003' already applied to the carrier substrate 006, for example on the product belt 002. This can be done, for example, in conjunction with or under the teachings of the density measurement method described above, wherein the basis weight value is obtained together, or preferably by, for example, the measuring device 413 or sensor 413.1, 413.2 mentioned below, and preferably by ultrasonic measurement, which obtains the basis weight FG value, for example, by comparing the results from one or more reference measurements.

[0239] Through this process, small fluctuations in weight can be corrected without the need for oscillating rollers 102, 102'; 103; 103'; 106; 106 or sub-frames 128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4.

[0240] This method is accordingly applicable to adjusting or regulating volume-related density by changing the ratio between circumferential velocities V (102; 102'; 103; 103').

[0241] The drive unit or drive motor of the first roller, together with the control and / or adjustment mechanism 173 and the measuring device 413 or sensor 413.1, 413.2, form the adjustment loop R'. FG This is used to adjust the relationship between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') based on the weight FG, which is determined particularly online (see, for example). Figure 34 ).

[0242] For example, in the first operating state of the machine, where the weight FG or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the allowable range, there is a first ratio between the circumferential speed V(102) of the first roller 102; 102' and the circumferential speed V(103) of the second roller 103, and in the second operating state, where, after a change implemented by the control and / or adjustment device 156 by means of the control and / or adjustment mechanism 173, there is a second ratio different from the first ratio for the circumferential speeds V(102), V(103), the weight FG or its value FD soll It is equivalent to the rated value or at least within the allowable range.

[0243] In an alternative to adjusting the relationship between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') according to the determined weight FG in the described manner, the layer thickness d003, determined by the aforementioned sensor 172, can also be used on the input side instead of the determined weight. Here, the drive device or drive motor of the first roller 102, together with the control and / or adjustment mechanism 173 for determining the layer thickness d003 and the sensor 172, forms an adjustment loop R'. d This is used to adjust the relationship between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') based on the layer thickness d003 of the formed dry film 003, which is determined particularly online (see, for example). Figure 32 ).

[0244] In response to Figures 29 to 34 In the above embodiments, although they are schematically shown for a unilateral arrangement, for the advantageous case of dual application units 101, 101' (indicated by reference numeral 103' respectively), the control chain S described therein and introduced in association with it b S F S d ; S” d Or regulating circuit R b R d ; R' d ;R” d R FG R FG The components described herein can also be used on other sides and supplemented accordingly.

[0245] A machine for manufacturing multi-layered products, particularly in online processes (see e.g.) Figure 3 , Figure 10 , Figure 15 , Figure 16 or Figure 17 The carrier substrate 006 has a dry film 003 formed from the powder mixture on at least one side, preferably comprising: a substrate conveying section 200 through which the carrier substrate 006 can be conveyed to the machine on the input side; a first substrate path segment 300 through which the carrier substrate 006 is conveyed to the application stage 100; 100* for applying the dry film 003; 003' on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006; and a second substrate path segment 400 through which the carrier substrate 006 having the dry film 003 on at least one side of the carrier substrate 006 can be conveyed to the product receiving section 500 through which the products can be assembled into a product assembly, such as a roll or stack.

[0246] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the application stage 100; 100* is implemented in the above-described embodiments, designs, configurations, implementation methods, or variations of the aforementioned apparatus 100; 100*. Instead of Figure 3 The application phase 100, as illustrated by example, can employ all embodiments, modifications, configurations, examples, or variations of the first group of examples, and alternatively... Figure 10 , Figure 15 and Figure 16 The application phase 100 shown employs all implementation schemes of the second group. In the machine... Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the illustrated embodiment, alternative implementations, designs, configurations, methods, or variations for the first group of applications 100 may also be used, i.e., having separate application devices 101; 101'

[0247] In an advantageous embodiment, the substrate conveying section 200 is formed by a substrate unwinder 200, particularly a roll changer 200, preferably a roll changer 200 comprising multiple roller positions and / or suitable for uninterrupted roll changing. Advantageously, it may be a substrate guide element 202 designed as a motor-driven roller 202, particularly a traction roller 202 and hereinafter also referred to as a substrate guide element 202, and / or a substrate guide element 203, for example in the form of a tie rod and hereinafter also referred to as a substrate guide element 203, which is, for example, an oscillating roller 203 that is elastically biased or force-deflected transversely to the substrate path by the rod or guide.

[0248] The carrier substrate web is unwound on the substrate uncoiler 200 and is conveyed at the input side to the substrate path that guides it through the machine from the unwound position.

[0249] In the case of the traction roller 202 included in and structurally assigned to the substrate uncoiler (see example). Figure 3 or Figure 10 In the middle, the traction roller may be included by a traction mechanism 207, particularly a pull-in mechanism 207, which, for example, includes a traction roller 202 in addition to the traction roller 202, particularly a drive mechanism that is independently driven from other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed, particularly a drive motor, for example in the form of a servo motor, and / or a pressure roller that can be adjusted toward the traction roller 202 to produce increased friction. The roller 202 or drive mechanism may also be operated in a generator-like manner or inhibit the forward movement of the carrier substrate web, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 202, so as to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example in the next substrate path segment 300 and, for example, extending to the next clamping or web pulling section, or in a portion of the substrate path segment 300 formed by subsequent substrate path segments.

[0250] For example, in the substrate path structurally assigned to the roll changer 200 or already assigned to the first substrate path segment 300, a substrate guide or guiding element 208 can be constructed in the substrate path; 307 serves as a measuring roller 208, such as a web tension measuring roller 208; 307 (as an example of all embodiments, for example in...) Figure 16 (As shown in the figure) The measuring roller, for example, web tension or at least a parameter representing web tension, can be used to adjust the web tension, for example, by means of the conveying speed of the individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502, which are particularly motor-driven and are also referred to below as substrate guiding elements 202.

[0251] The substrate conveying device 200, designed as a roll changer 200, advantageously includes a roller drive that is mechanically independent of the rest of the machine and / or driven by a single motor and / or lifting device to assist in the roller loading and / or roller unloading process.

[0252] In an advantageous embodiment, a device 204 for lateral web edge control may also be provided in the substrate path section of the substrate conveying unit 200 and / or in the subsequent first substrate path 300 (as an example in all embodiments, for example in...). Figure 15 (As shown in the diagram) In particular, there are sensor components for detecting the edge of the web, and adjustment components for realizing the lateral displacement of the carrier substrate, for example, which can be arranged around a direction perpendicular to the conveying direction T. S A pair of rotating rods that pivot along an extended axis. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the web edge controller 204 is combined with an adhesive device 206, such as an adhesive table 206.

[0253] Alternatively or additionally, in an advantageous embodiment, a distributing device, particularly a single or multiple web guide element with a convex shell surface, is provided in the substrate path section of the substrate conveying device 200 and / or in the first substrate path 300.

[0254] In an advantageous improvement, a single-piece or multi-piece pretreatment station 302, particularly a cleaning and / or deionization station 302, is provided in the first substrate path 300, through which surface impurities, such as dust or cutting residues and / or charge carriers, are removed or can be removed from the carrier substrate 006 on one or both sides in a non-contact or contact manner.

[0255] In the first substrate path 300, particularly in the clean downstream section where necessary, a measuring station 303 is advantageously provided, in particular having a sound- or radiation-based measuring device 303, by which the material thickness of the carrier substrate 006 is checked in terms of its thickness and / or thickness uniformity and / or impurity condition, and, for example, if there is an unacceptable deviation from the target specification, optical and / or audible warning signals and / or error signals are transmitted to the machine controller and / or control center.

[0256] For all embodiments of the machine, in advantageous embodiments, a substrate guide element 208 307 may be provided in the substrate path segment structurally corresponding to the roll changer 200 and / or in the substrate path segment following the first substrate path 300; 307 as measuring roller 307 (as an example in all embodiments as in Figure 15 and Figure 16 In the middle section, the web tension can be determined, for example, by means of the substrate guiding element, so that the conveying speed of the web tension can be adjusted, for example, by means of the conveying speed of the individual units 100; 100*; 600 or one or more web guiding elements 202; 308; 401; 502, particularly those driven by motors. Here, only one of the two measuring rollers 208; 307 may be provided, or advantageously both measuring rollers 208; 307 may be provided. In the latter case, for example, the downstream measuring roller 307 is used to determine and / or adjust the web tension in the substrate path segment before the first or only application site.

[0257] In an advantageous improvement, a pretreatment station 304, designed as an application station 304, is provided in the first substrate path 300, through which adhesive and / or primer can be applied to the carrier substrate 006 on one or both sides. In this case, a dryer (not shown), such as a hot air or radiation dryer, can preferably be provided directly downstream of the application station 304.

[0258] In a particularly preferred embodiment, observed in principle alone, but advantageously in conjunction with one or more other embodiments of the machine, a thermal pretreatment station 306, particularly a temperature-regulating station 306, such as an infrared radiation source 306, is provided directly in the substrate path prior to application stage 100; 100*, i.e., downstream of the final substrate guide or guiding element 301; 307 that mates with the carrier substrate web. This pretreatment station can heat the carrier substrate 006 to above ambient temperature, particularly to over 60°C, preferably to at least 80°C. This can be particularly advantageous, for example, for activating the bonding aids or agents 007; 007' applied to the carrier substrate 006. Independent of this in principle, but advantageously in conjunction with such a temperature-regulating station 306, a sensor 311 can be used to determine the temperature of the carrier substrate web, such as a temperature sensor 311, particularly a non-contact and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311. For example, the sensor 311, which is a temperature sensor 311, can be used together with the temperature control station 306, which is provided when necessary, as part of a control loop for regulating the temperature of the carrier substrate web.

[0259] Instead of the traction roller 202 or traction mechanism 207 that is considered as the substrate unwinder 200, or additionally if necessary, the traction roller 308 or traction mechanism 309 may be provided after the substrate unwinder 200 and / or at the location where the first or only dry film is applied, i.e., guiding to the first or only lamination gap 107; the substrate path segment 300 of 107'. In the case where there is only one traction roller 202; 308 or only one pulling mechanism 207; 309 in the substrate path between the unwinding section on the roll 201 and the entrance into the first or only lamination gap 107; 107', such traction roller 202; 308 or such pulling mechanism 207; 309 can, in principle, structurally correspond on the input side to the substrate path segment 300 extending between the substrate unwinder 200, particularly the unwinding section, and the application stage 100; 100*, particularly the first or only application site, or structurally also well correspond on the input side to or may correspond to the application stage 100; 100*. Importantly, at the first application point, i.e., before the first or only lamination seam 107; 107', in the substrate path, there are traction rollers 202; 308 or traction mechanisms 207; 309 arranged to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example, in subsequent substrate path segments or in portions of a partial substrate path segment formed by the next substrate path segment. Corresponding to the traction mechanism 207 described above, the traction mechanism, for example, in addition to the traction roller 308, has a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 308 particularly independently of other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed, for example in the form of a servo drive motor, and / or pressure rollers that can be directed toward the traction roller 308 to increase friction. Here, the roller 308 or drive mechanism can also operate or be operated in a generator-like manner or suppress the propulsion of the carrier substrate web, depending on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 308, so as to establish or maintain a defined and / or desired web tension, for example, in the substrate path segment that is behind and extends to the next clamping or web pulling part, or in the portion of the substrate path segment formed by the subsequent substrate path segment.

[0260] In an advantageous embodiment, the aforementioned calendering unit 600 or a calendering unit 600 having two rollers 601; 602 forming a gap therebetween, such as a calendering gap, is provided in the second substrate path 400, particularly the calendering rollers 601; 602. This has the advantage, for example, that if the desired density is not achieved during the dry film application process, a final product 001 with the desired density or an intermediate product 002 that only requires cutting can still be produced in the active material layer.

[0261] In alternative embodiments, mentioned above but not illustrated herein, advantages include, for example, process independence and optimization, and consequently, quality and / or lower fault sensitivity. For instance, in an apparatus or system with multiple machines, the aforementioned first machine is used to coat a dry film 003' formed of powdered material 004' onto a carrier substrate 006, particularly the aforementioned carrier substrate web. This machine preferably includes, in the substrate path, a coating device 100' 100* according to one of the advantageous embodiments described above, and a separate second machine for compacting the dry film 003' by at least one calendering unit 600' 600* disposed in the substrate path of the second machine. Although these machines can theoretically be located in different places, they are preferably, for example, within the same plant, in an apparatus or machine structure for producing multilayer products 001, for manufacturing multilayer products 001 having a dry film applied to a carrier substrate, particularly for producing electrode bundles 002 or electrode units 001. In this case, a roll 501 of the primary product, for example using a product strip 002 that has not been further compacted, is formed on the output side of a machine for coating in a product receiving section 500 specifically designed as a product winding machine 500. The roll 501 is then, or at a later point, supplied on the input side to a second machine, specifically to an uncoiler provided on the input side of that machine. The product strip 002, composed of the primary product, is unwound there, guided through calendering units 600; 600' arranged in the substrate path, and wound on the output side as a fully compacted product strip 001 to form the product roll 501, or, if necessary, delivered after a cross-cut downstream of the calendering unit 600.

[0262] Whether the calendering process described above is carried out online in the same machine on which the dry film 003; 003' is applied to the carrier substrate 006, or calendering is carried out separately from the application process in a second machine having a calendering unit 600; 600*, the calendering unit 600; 600* includes two rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, such as calendering rollers 601; 601*; 602; 602*, wherein, for example, at least one, preferably two, calendering rollers can be heated, in particular, such that their shell surfaces are heated to at least 80°C, advantageously to at least 100°C, preferably to at least 120°C, at an ambient temperature of 25°C, and / or therebetween can be applied a pressure having a linear force that is preferably adjustable to at least 500 N / mm, advantageously at least 700 N / mm, particularly at least 1000 N / mm, preferably up to at least 2000 N / mm, or preferably between 500 N / mm and 3000 N / mm. The product strip 002 coated on at least one side can pass through the calendering gap to further compact the dry film 003; 003' using pressing force and / or a temperature above ambient temperature. Calendering rolls 601; 601*; 602; 602* have a diameter of, for example, at least 400 mm, particularly at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm, and / or a usable width of, for example, at least 400 mm, particularly at least 500 mm, preferably at least 550 mm. For the production of the mentioned product 001; 002, a maximum deviation of ±2 m, preferably ±1 mm, in the concentricity of each roll 601; 601*; 602; 602* is particularly advantageous.

[0263] In principle, independent of one or more other implementations of the machine, but advantageously combined with them, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, in the second substrate path 400 after the application stage 100; 100*, if necessary, a calendering unit 600 is provided downstream therewith a cooling device 402 having one or more partially wrapped, temperature-controlled cooling rollers 402.1; 402.2, through which the product strip 002 guided through can be cooled, for example, by at least 20°C, particularly at least 50°C.

[0264] In principle, independent of one or more other implementation variations of the machine but advantageously combined with them, in an advantageous improvement, an inspection device 403; 403.1; 403.2, particularly based on optical and / or acoustic measurements, is present in the second substrate path 400. This device, for example, has a sensor 403.1 pointing to one side and a sensor 403.2 pointing to the other side, used to inspect the product surface for errors or defects, for example, to check the integrity of the surface and / or thickness of the applied dry film 003; 003'. The inspection devices 403; 403.1, 403.2 can, for example, be as follows: Figure 15The substrate path shown is located downstream of the calendering unit 600, or for example, as... Figure 16 As shown, it can be located downstream of the application stage 100; 100' but upstream of the calendering unit 600 in the substrate path. In the first case, errors caused by calendering can be detected, while in the second case, errors caused in the application stage 100; 100' can be identified as early as possible. The inspection device 403 can preferably have a camera, such as a line scan camera, as a sensor 403.1; 403.2 on each side, which captures or optically scans the corresponding surface and assesses the location of errors or defects by a downstream evaluation mechanism.

[0265] In principle, independent of one or more other implementation variations of the machine but advantageously combined with, particularly with, inspection devices 403; 403.1; 403.2 disposed in the substrate path, in an advantageous improvement, means for defect marking 412 is provided, which may be, for example, by a printing device, such as an inkjet printhead or an insertion device, the latter being, for example, a physical marking mechanism, such as a so-called marking flag or marking label, which may be applied or disposed on the carrier substrate web.

[0266] In all embodiments of the machine, in an advantageous implementation, at least one substrate guide element 409 may be designed as a measuring roller 409 in the second substrate path 400, by which the web tension can be determined, for example, for adjusting the web tension by means of the relative conveying speeds of the respective assemblies 100; 100*; 600 or one or more, particularly motor-driven, web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502. Preferably, at least one substrate guide element 409 is designed as a measuring roller 409 in the substrate path section of the second substrate path segment 400 located after the application stage 100; 100*, particularly the last or only application position, and preferably particularly before the calendering unit 600 that may be provided in the second substrate path segment 400, particularly before the position where calendering may occur. Alternatively or additionally, the substrate guide or guiding element 507 structurally assigned to the product winding unit 500 can be designed as a measuring roller 507 arranged in the substrate path after the calendering unit 600.

[0267] To ensure optimal passage of the substrate through application stages 100; 100*, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guide element 401, designed to be forcibly driven by a motor, is provided in the second substrate path 400, preferably directly after application stages 100; 100* but before the calendering unit 600, which is provided if necessary. This substrate guide element may be included in a traction mechanism 411, for example, which, in addition to the traction roller 401 itself, has a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 401 particularly independently of other traction rollers and whose speed can be adjusted and / or controlled, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, and / or has pressure rollers that can abut against the traction roller 401 to increase friction. Here, the roller 401 or drive mechanism, based on the web tension conditions and / or web tension requirements existing before and after the roller 401, can in principle operate as a generator or by suppressing the feed of the carrier substrate web. However, here, it is used to construct and / or maintain the web tension in the upstream substrate path section, via a motor, i.e., along the conveying direction T. S The conveyor substrate web may be operated or run ahead of schedule at a speed relative to, for example, the speed of the stretch roll 202; 301 immediately upstream and / or the circumferential speed of the last or only laminating roll 107; 107' or the pair of laminating rolls 107; 107'.

[0268] Alternatively or additionally, in a preferred embodiment, a web tension compensation and / or adjustment device 406 (e.g., in the second substrate path 400, downstream of application stages 100, 100*, and if necessary, in application stages 100; 100* and the calendering unit 600 provided in an advantageous embodiment) exists between the web tension compensation and / or adjustment device 406. Figure 15 (Examples are shown for all embodiments), for example, having an oscillating roller 407 that is elastically pre-tensioned or deflected by force, for example, on a rod or guide spring transverse to the substrate path. By means of the oscillating roller, fluctuations in web tension, for example, can be compensated, and / or particularly by means of the swinging out of the oscillating roller 407, the conveying speed of the front or rear assembly or one or more web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, particularly driven by a motor, can be adjusted.

[0269] For example in Figure 17 The machine shown (which, for example, does not have a calendering unit 600 arranged downstream of the application stage 100, 100* in the substrate path) may optionally be equipped with multiple or all of the following in addition to the calendering unit 600: Figure 15 or Figure 16The devices and / or substrate guiding elements shown are 202; 203; 208; 307; 308; 401; 404; 401; 404; 409; 502; 503. Thus, for example, the first substrate path segment 300 is provided with the aforementioned swing roller 203 and / or at least one of the aforementioned traction rollers 308 and / or at least one of the aforementioned web tension measuring rollers 307 and / or at least one of the aforementioned temperature control stations 306, and in the second substrate path segment 400, the aforementioned web tension measuring roller 409 and / or cooling device 402, particularly having at least one cooling roller 402.1; 402.2, at least one of the aforementioned traction rollers 401 and / or at least one of the aforementioned inspection devices 403 for detecting one and / or multiple defects and / or measuring stations 408 for determining product strip thickness and / or devices 412 for marking defects and / or at least one swing roller 503. Furthermore, in the second substrate path segment 400, there is provided with... Figure 17 For example, cleaning stations 414 for removing loose particles and residues from surfaces can be advantageously configured, as exemplarily and also for other embodiments. Figure 18 For example, a measuring device 413 for determining the weight FG can be set up, which is also advantageously available in other embodiments.

[0270] The measuring device 413 for determining the basis weight FG is preferably based on an ultrasonic-based measuring system 413.1, 413.2 or sensor elements 413.1, 413.2. Preferably, an ultrasonic transmitter 413.1 is provided on a first side of the substrate path, through which ultrasonic waves can be applied to the product strip 002, and a receiver 413.2 is provided on the same side or preferably the other side of the substrate path, through which reflected ultrasonic waves can be detected in the case of the same side, and emitted ultrasonic waves can be detected in the case of the other side. In both cases, the basis weight value can be determined via transmission and / or reflection characteristics, as well as through appropriate calibration, by a quantity related to and / or representing the basis weight. In an advantageous embodiment, the sensor elements 413.1; 413.2 are designed to determine the basis weight value continuously or at multiple locations along the width, i.e., transverse to the substrate strip, in the width direction, and along a length, for example, equivalent to at least half the width of the substrate strip and symmetrically positioned, for example, relative to the center point of the substrate strip. For example, viewed transversely to the conveying direction, multiple individual ultrasonic transmitters 413.1 and / or receivers 413.2, or extended ultrasonic transmitters 413.1 and / or receivers 413.2 configured with corresponding widths, are arranged adjacent to each other on a width at least corresponding to half the width of the product conveyor belt 002. In an advantageous improvement, deflection rollers, at least slightly wound around the product belt 002, are respectively arranged in the substrate path before and after the measuring point acted upon by the ultrasonic transmitter 413.1. To obtain the defined conditions, the distance between the measuring point and the corresponding deflection roller in the substrate path is, for example, at most twice the belt width, preferably at most equivalent to the belt width.

[0271] As described above, the measuring device 413 or the measuring system 413.1; 413.2 included therein can serve as the aforementioned adjustment loop R' for adjusting the weight FG by changing the ratio of the circumferential speed V (102; 102'; 103; 103'). FG The component or the aforementioned adjustment loop R that adjusts the weight FG by changing the gap width. FG The components are used to provide measurements for determination of weight.

[0272] For all the designs and variations of the machine mentioned here, the following implementation is particularly advantageous, wherein, in the substrate path arranged after the application stage 100; 100*, for the case of the calendering unit 600; 600 arranged in the substrate path, after the single or last calendering unit 600; 600*, and before the product assembly 501 is assembled in the product receiving section, a measuring station 408 is provided for determining the product strip thickness, particularly the total thickness (e.g., in Figure 15 , Figure 16 and Figure 17 (As an example of all implementation schemes).

[0273] In place of or supplementing the aforementioned cooling device 402 in the second substrate path segment 400, such or additional cooling devices 402; 504 may also be provided in the substrate path segment considered as the product receiving portion 500 or on its frame. Such a cooling device 504 may, for example, be formed by a substrate guide element 504 designed as a cooling roller 504. Alternatively, such a cooling device 504, considered as the second substrate path segment 400 or structurally considered as the product receiving portion 500, may also be formed by one or more temperature-controlled cooling rollers 504.1; 504.2 that are partially wound sequentially around each other.

[0274] In the improved design, a sensor 508 may be provided, for example, downstream of the cooling device 504, for determining the temperature of the product 002, particularly the product strip 002, in the substrate path downstream of the calendering unit 600, but no later than before the take-up device, for example, before winding in the product winding machine 500. The sensor 508 may be designed, for example, as a temperature sensor 508, particularly as a non-contact and / or radiation-based temperature sensor 311, and / or may be incorporated into the cooling device 504 as part of a regulating loop for temperature control.

[0275] In an advantageous implementation, the product receiving section 500 is designed as a product winding device 500, and in particular a winding changer 500.

[0276] Preferably, the product winding machine 500 is suitable for uninterrupted roll changing and / or includes substrate guide or guiding elements 502 and / or substrate guide or guiding elements 503 designed as one of the motor-driven traction rollers 502, which are in the form of, for example, oscillating rollers 503 that are elastically biased or deflected by force on a rod or guide transverse to the substrate path.

[0277] To ensure optimal substrate operation between the calendering unit 600, which is provided when necessary, and the winding section on the product winding machine 500, in an advantageous embodiment, a substrate guiding element 401; 502, which is a motor-driven traction roller 401; 502, is provided in the substrate path 400 or in a substrate path section that can be considered as the product winding machine 500. This substrate guiding element can be included in a traction mechanism 411; 506, which, in addition to the traction roller 401; 502, also has a drive mechanism that drives the traction roller 401; 502 particularly independently of other traction rollers and can be adjusted and / or controlled in terms of speed drive, for example in the form of a servo-driven motor, and / or has pressure rollers that can abut against the traction roller 401; 502 to increase friction.

[0278] In embodiments, such as those including a calendering unit 600, particularly advantageous for stable and low-interference continuous online operation, at least one forced-drive traction roller 202; 308; 401; 502 and / or at least one measuring roller 208; 307; is provided in the first substrate path section between the position of unwinding from the substrate roll 201 in the substrate uncoiler 200 and the entrance to the single or first lamination slot 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100*, to the position of exiting the carrier substrate web, which is then provided with dry film 003; 003' on at least one side, from the single or downstream final lamination slot 107; 107' of the application stage 100; 100*, and in the second substrate path section between the entrances to the calender slot between the two calendering rolls 601; 602, for embodiments with calendering units 600; 600*. 409, for determining the web tension. In an advantageous improvement to the design having calendering units 600; 600*, a forced-drive traction roller 502 and / or measuring roller 409; 507 are provided in a third substrate path section between the exit position of the carrier substrate web, which has a dry film 003; 003' on at least one side, from the calendering gap and the position where it is wound onto the product roll 501 in the product winding machine 500, for determining the web tension.

[0279] Preferably, a web tension adjustment device (not shown here) is provided, which is connected on the input side to each of the measuring rollers 208; 307; 409 disposed in the first and second substrate path sections, and on the output side to the drive controller of a control roller drive device of each of the traction rollers 202; 308; 401 disposed in the first and second substrate path sections. The web tension adjustment device has, in particular, a data processing and / or electronic switching mechanism configured to establish and / or maintain a predetermined web tension and / or a predetermined web tension difference between the two substrate path extensions in each of the two substrate path extensions by appropriate control of the drives of one or more traction rollers 202; 308; 401. In the improved embodiment, the web tension adjustment device can also be connected on the input side to the measuring roller 409; 507 disposed in the third substrate path section, and on the output side to the drive controller of the control-related traction roller 502 disposed in the third substrate path section, and can thereby adjust, for example, with respect to a predetermined web tension and / or the difference between the web tension and the predetermined web tension of the upstream substrate path section.

[0280] Quite common, especially for embodiments of the machine that do not have a calendering unit downstream of the application stage 100; 100*, the content described above regarding the stretching rollers 202; 308; 401; 502 and measuring rollers 208; 307; 409, signal connections, and web tension adjustment devices can be adapted or used in embodiments where at least one measuring roller and / or at least one traction roller 208; 307; 202; 308 is present in the first substrate path between the unwinding section and the first application point of the application stage 100; 100*, and at least one traction roller 409; 507; 401; 502 is present in the substrate path section between the only or last application point of the application stage 100; 100* and the winding section in the winding machine 500.

[0281] The fluctuations in roll paper tension can be compensated or adjusted by means of the aforementioned oscillating rollers 203; 407; 503 and the adjustment circuit including the oscillating rollers and, for example, incorporated into the aforementioned roll paper tension adjustment device, and / or by means of the conveying speed of the assembly 100; 100*; 600 or one or more of the motor-driven web guide elements 202; 308; 401; 502, for example, the drive of the substrate unwinder 200 arranged in the front or the substrate winding machine 500 arranged in the rear or the traction rollers 202; 308; 401; 502 arranged in the front or rear, particularly by means of the swinging out of the oscillating roller 407. The oscillating roller is elastically biased laterally to the substrate path, for example on the guide or on the rod, particularly by means of force pneumatic or elastic biasing opposite to the direction of action of the web tension of the substrate web or product strip 002 that wraps around the roller.

[0282] The aforementioned traction rollers 203; 308; 401; 502 include, for example, a speed-adjustable and / or controllable drive motor, particularly a servo motor, and / or cooperate with one or more pressing elements, such as pressure rollers, to improve conveying performance, and / or, depending on their position in the substrate path, for example, to generate or maintain upstream web tension, operate by means of a motor or, for example, to generate or maintain downstream web tension, i.e., with a braking effect, and / or are included by an adjustment circuit, for example, as an adjustment element, that adjusts the web tension and is incorporated into the aforementioned web tension adjustment device.

[0283] Unless otherwise explicitly stated, in the above embodiments, the terms "substrate guide element," "substrate guide element," or "web guide element" should be understood broadly as the same, referring to the guidance of guide elements, particularly rollers, of the substrate, particularly the substrate web, or, after application, the guidance of the product strip 002, and the "substrate guide element," "substrate guide element," or "web guide element," together with other such guide elements, defines the substrate path. Specifically, these guide elements may be designed as purely guide rollers or steering rollers, or may additionally be equipped with special functions, such as traction rollers, measuring rollers, or oscillating rollers.

[0284] As an alternative to designing the machine to have a product receiving section 500 designed as a winding machine 500, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, a cross-cutting device can be provided in the second substrate path 400 or at the entrance of the product receiving section 500, by which the product strip 002 manufactured in the machine can be cross-cut into product segments 001. Here, the product receiving section 500 is designed, for example, as a stacking cantilever, and in particular, as a multi-stacking cantilever that feeds multiple stacks sequentially to each other.

[0285] In the aforementioned machine and / or apparatus 100; 100*, for example, a web-shaped carrier substrate 006 is continuously and preferably provided on both sides with a dry film 003; 003' with a width smaller than the width of the carrier substrate, such that the carrier substrate retains uncoated edges on both sides.

[0286] List of reference numerals

[0287] 001 Product, Final Product, Product Segment, Electrode Unit, Electrode

[0288] 002 Product, Intermediate Product, Product Strip, Electrode Strip

[0289] 003 Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0290] 003' Active material layer, material layer, dry film, powder composite film (especially solvent-free)

[0291] 004 Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry ones)

[0292] 004' Powdered materials, powder mixtures (especially dry ones)

[0293] 005-

[0294] 006 Carrier substrate in the form of a web, carrier substrate web, current conductor substrate, current conductor film

[0295] 007 The medium, primer, adhesive, or bonding agent that assists or enables the connection.

[0296] 007' A medium, primer, adhesive, or bonding agent that assists or enables the connection.

[0297] 008 components, material strips, edge strips

[0298] 100 Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, lamination assembly, lamination unit

[0299] 100* Apparatus for coating, coating apparatus, application stage, assembly, lamination assembly, lamination unit

[0300] 101 First Application Unit

[0301] 101' Second Application Unit

[0302] 102 First Roller, Measuring Roller

[0303] 102' First Roller, Measuring Roller

[0304] 103 Second Roller, Laminating Roller, Combining Roller

[0305] 103' Second roll, laminating roll, and final pressing roll

[0306] 104 First gap, film-forming gap, dispensing gap, roller gap, pressing section

[0307] 104' First gap, film-forming gap, dispensing gap, roller gap, pressing section

[0308] 105-

[0309] 106 rolls, combined pressure rolls

[0310] 106' roller, pressure roller

[0311] 107 Second gap, application gap, lamination gap

[0312] 107' Second gap, application gap, lamination gap

[0313] 108-

[0314] 109 Position-based adjustment drive device, adjusting component

[0315] 109' Position-based adjustment drive and adjusting element

[0316] 110-

[0317] 111 Force-based adjustment drive device, adjusting component

[0318] 111' Force-based adjustment drive device, adjusting component

[0319] 112 Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0320] 112' Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, linear bearing

[0321] 113 Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing

[0322] 113' Adjustment mechanism, bearing mechanism, three-ring bearing, linear bearing

[0323] 114 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0324] 114' Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0325] 115-

[0326] 116 Removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0327] 116' Removal device, scraper, side scraper

[0328] 117 Collection device, collection tank

[0329] 117' Collection device, collection tank

[0330] 118 Other rolls, calendering rolls

[0331] 118' Other rolls, calendering rolls

[0332] 119 Stopping Mechanism, Wedge-shaped Stop

[0333] 120-

[0334] 121 Substrate guiding elements, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0335] 122 Carrier, side components (base frame)

[0336] 122' Carrier, Side Components (Base Frame)

[0337] 123 Suction Section

[0338] 123' Suction Section

[0339] 124 boundary, side shield

[0340] 125-

[0341] 126 fill and / or storage space

[0342] 127 Material Removal Section

[0343] 127' Material Removal Section

[0344] 128 racks (application phase)

[0345] 128.1 First Subrack

[0346] 128.2 Second Subrack

[0347] 128.3 Third Subrack

[0348] 128.4 Fourth Subrack

[0349] 129 Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0350] 129' Removal device, scraper, cleaning scraper

[0351] 130-

[0352] 131 rack wall

[0353] 131.1 Frame Wall

[0354] 131.2 Frame Wall

[0355] 131.3 Frame Wall

[0356] 131.4 Frame Wall

[0357] 132 Path- or position-based drive mechanisms, position-controllable and / or adjustable motors

[0358] 132' Path- or position-based drive mechanism, position-controllable and / or adjustable motor

[0359] 133 Force-based drive mechanisms, cylinder-piston systems, and torque-controlled and / or adjustable motors

[0360] 133' Force-based drive mechanism, cylinder-piston system, torque-controllable and / or adjustable motor

[0361] 134 Temperature-Controlled Fluid Piping

[0362] 135-

[0363] 136 crossbeams and base plates

[0364] 137 crossbeams, transverse supports

[0365] 138 guide rail segments, rail components, guide components, rails

[0366] 139 load capacity

[0367] 140-

[0368] 141 Adjustment device, traction device, tensioning device

[0369] 142 piston rod

[0370] 143 Push and / or pull plate

[0371] 144 Push and / or pull plates

[0372] 145 frame structure, base plate

[0373] 146 Adjustment Part

[0374] 147 bearing housing

[0375] 148 rotary drive mechanism, speed-adjustable or controllable drive motor, servo motor

[0376] 149 Rotary drive mechanism, speed-adjustable or controllable drive motor, servo motor

[0377] 150-

[0378] 151 bearing, radial bearing

[0379] 153 Support parts, rolling elements, sliding elements,

[0380] 154 support surface

[0381] 155 drive mechanism, electric and hydraulic servo motors

[0382] 156 Control and / or regulating devices, adjustment devices

[0383] 157 sensor components (gap width)

[0384] 157.1 sensor

[0385] 157.2 sensor

[0386] 158 Pressure Medium Pipeline

[0387] 159 Pressure Medium Pipeline

[0388] 159 valve

[0389] 160-

[0390] 161 Assessment Agencies

[0391] Component 162, roller journal (belonging to 102)

[0392] 163 roller journal (belonging to 103)

[0393] 164 Adjustment mechanism, (switchable) multi-way valve, (reversible) pump

[0394] 165 Adjustment device, traction device, tensioning device

[0395] 166 cylinder

[0396] 167 Piston

[0397] 168 chambers

[0398] 169 chambers

[0399] 170-

[0400] 171 Regulator

[0401] 172 Sensors and measuring devices (layer thickness)

[0402] 172.1 sensor

[0403] 173 Control and / or regulating mechanisms, drive unit controllers

[0404] 174 regulator

[0405] 175 regulator

[0406] 176 Adjust the drive device and electromagnet

[0407] 177 pressure sensor

[0408] 200 Substrate Conveying Section, Substrate Unwinder, and Roll Changing Device

[0409] 201 roll, substrate roll

[0410] 202 Substrate guiding element, forced-drive substrate guiding element, roller, traction roller

[0411] 203 Substrate guiding element, substrate guiding element, oscillating roller

[0412] 204 Web Edge Controller

[0413] 205-

[0414] 206 Glue application device, glue application table

[0415] 207 Traction mechanism, pulling mechanism

[0416] 208 Substrate guide element, substrate guiding element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0417] 300 First substrate path segment and conveying section, located on the upstream side and conveying side

[0418] 301 substrate guide element, substrate guiding element, roller, guide roller, deflection roller

[0419] 302 pretreatment station, cleaning station, deionization station

[0420] 303 Measurement Station (Carrier Substrate Thickness)

[0421] 304 pretreatment station, application station

[0422] 305-

[0423] 306 Thermal Pretreatment Station, Temperature Control Station, Infrared Radiation Source

[0424] 307 substrate guide element, substrate guiding element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0425] 308 forced drive substrate guide element, roller, traction roller

[0426] 309 traction mechanism

[0427] 310-

[0428] 311 sensor, temperature sensor

[0429] 400 Second substrate path segment, conveying section, located on the downstream side and discharge side

[0430] 401 Forced-drive substrate guide element, roller, traction roller

[0431] 402 Cooling Device

[0432] 402* Cooling device (alternative or additional)

[0433] 403 Inspection Device

[0434] 404 substrate guide elements, rollers, guide rollers, deflection rollers

[0435] 405-

[0436] 406 Spread tension compensation and / or adjustment device

[0437] 407 oscillating roller

[0438] 408 Measuring Station (Product Strip Thickness)

[0439] 409 Substrate guide element, substrate guiding element, measuring roller, web tension measuring roller

[0440] 410-

[0441] 411 Traction Mechanism

[0442] 412 Defect Marking

[0443] 500 Product receiving section, product winding machine, winding changer

[0444] 501 Product receiving section, reel, product reel

[0445] 502 forced drive substrate guide element, substrate guiding element, traction roller

[0446] 503 oscillating roller

[0447] 504 cooling device, substrate guiding element, roller, cooling roller

[0448] 504.1 Cooling Roller

[0449] 504.2 Cooling Roller

[0450] 505-

[0451] 506 traction mechanism

[0452] 507 Substrate Guide Element, Substrate Guiding Element, Measuring Roller, Web Tension Measuring Roller

[0453] 508 sensor, temperature sensor

[0454] 600 calendering unit, assembly, calendering assembly

[0455] 600* Calendering Unit (Alternative or Additional), Assembly, Calendering Assembly

[0456] 601 The first heated roll and calendering roll

[0457] 601* First roll, calendering roll (alternative or additional)

[0458] 602 The heated second roll and calendering roll

[0459] 602* Second roll, calendering roll (alternative or additional)

[0460] 603 stand (calendering assembly)

[0461] 700 A device for conveying powdered materials, a powder conveying device

[0462] 700' Device for conveying powdered materials, powder conveying device

[0463] b width

[0464] b151 support width

[0465] d thickness, layer thickness

[0466] width of b003 (003; 003')

[0467] b006 (006) width

[0468] b008 (008) width

[0469] d003 (003) thickness, layer thickness

[0470] d003' (003') thickness, layer thickness

[0471] d006 (006) thickness

[0472] d008 (008) thickness, layer thickness

[0473] G plane

[0474] K-arc

[0475] α angle, tilt angle

[0476] P pressure fluid source

[0477] R storage

[0478] R S (Radius of pivoting motion)

[0479] s1 switch state, maintain switch state

[0480] S2 switching status, path status

[0481] S3 switching status, path status

[0482] S4 switching state, basic switching state

[0483] R102 Rotation Axis

[0484] R102' Rotation axis

[0485] R103 Rotation Axis

[0486] R103' Rotation axis

[0487] R106 Rotation Axis

[0488] R106' Rotation axis

[0489] S pivot axis

[0490] T S (Conveying direction of product string 002 and carrier substrate 006)

Claims

1. An apparatus for coating a web-like carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003) made of a powdered material (004), the apparatus comprising a first application unit (101) including a first roller (102) and a second roller (103) rotating in the opposite direction to the first roller (102) during operation, wherein, A first gap (104) is formed in the pressing portion between the shell surfaces of the first roller (102) and the second roller (103). During operation, in order to form a first dry film (003), powdered material (004) is fed or can be fed through the first gap. The device also includes a first pressing roller (103'; 106), which together with the second roller (103) or another roller arranged between the first pressing roller (103'; 106) and the second roller (103) forms a second gap (107). A substrate path for the carrier substrate (006) to be coated, formed via a plurality of substrate guides or guiding elements (301; 307; 401; 404), is guided through the second gap so that the carrier substrate (006) guided through the second gap (107) on the substrate path is applied or can be applied to the first gap (104); The device includes a dry film (003) formed in 104', and the device includes a measuring device (413) comprising sensor elements (413.1; 413.2), the measuring device being configured to determine the basis weight (FG) or a value representing basis weight (FG) of at least one first dry film (003). The device is characterized by having an adjustment drive device (109; 111) for adjusting the slit width (b104) of the first slit (104) and / or for adjusting the direction of the first roller (102; 103) toward the second roller (103), and a drive mechanism for rotating the first roller or the second roller (102; 103), the drive mechanism at least rotating the first roller or the second roller (102; 103), and the sensor element (413.1; 413.2) of the measuring device (413) serving as an adjustment loop (R) for adjusting the weight (FG). FG ; R' FG The components of the control and / or adjustment device (156) are connected by signal to: change the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) according to the weight (FG) or a value representing the weight (FG) determined by the measuring device (413), and / or change the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102) and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) via signal to the drive mechanism of the first roller (102) or the second roller (103).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and / or adjustment device (156) maintains a signal connection with the control and / or adjustment mechanism (173) of the drive mechanism capable of rotatably driving the first roller (102; 102'), wherein the control and / or adjustment mechanism (173) is configured to: adjust the areal density (FD) to a rated value (FD) soll The circumferential speed V(102) of the first roller (102; 102') is changed proportionally to the circumferential speed V(103) of the second roller (103; 103') in a manner defined and predetermined by the control and / or adjustment device (156) or within the allowable range.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The drive mechanism capable of rotating and driving the first roller (102) is designed as a drive motor that drives the first roller (102) individually and / or mechanically independently of the drive of the second roller (103).

4. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In the first operating state, if the weight (FG) or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the allowable range, a first ratio exists between the circumferential speed V(102) of the first roller (102; 102') and the circumferential speed V(103) of the second roller (103). In the second operating state, after the circumferential speed V(102) of the first roller (102; 102') is changed by the control and / or adjustment device (156) via the control and / or adjustment mechanism (173), a second ratio, different from the first ratio, exists between the circumferential speeds V(102) and V(103), and the weight (FG) or the value representing the weight (FG) equals the rated value (FD). soll (or at least within the permissible range.) 5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In order to adjust the slit width (b104) of the first slit (104) and / or to adjust the direction of the first roller (102) toward the second roller (103), the adjustment drive (109) is designed to be position-based, i.e., for a defined and maintained slit width (b104). soll The adjustment drive (109) for the relative position of the first roller (102; 103) or the first gap (104'; 104) between the first roller and the second roller (102; 103) can be adjusted based on the position-based adjustment drive (109), i.e., can be adjusted to a constant and / or defined gap width (b104).

6. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The gap width (b104) used to adjust the first gap (104) soll The adjustment drive device (109) has a drive mechanism based on position adjustment, that is, control or adjustment in terms of position.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The gap width (b104) used to adjust the first gap (104) soll The adjustment drive device (109) has: a stop mechanism (119) that can define the contact position in the direction of the pressing part and can be adjusted in position by means of the drive mechanism; and a drive mechanism that adjusts the two rollers (102; 103) relative to each other by means of the stop mechanism (119).

8. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The control and / or adjustment device (156) is effectively connected to the drive mechanism included in the adjustment drive device (109; 111), the drive mechanism being configured to: adjust the areal density (FD) to a rated value (FD) soll The gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) is changed in a limited manner and in a manner given in advance by the control and / or adjustment device (156) or within the allowable range.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the first operating state, if the weight (FG) or its value deviates from the rated value or exceeds the allowable range, a first gap width (b104) exists. In the second operating state, after being changed by the control and / or adjustment device (156) via the drive mechanism, a second gap width (b104) different from the first gap width (b104) exists, and the weight (FG) or its value corresponds to the rated value (FD). soll (or at least within the permitted range.) 10. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sensor (157) used to determine the gap width (b104) or to represent the magnitude of the gap width (b104), and which maintains a signal connection with the control and / or adjustment device (156), is an internal adjustment loop (R). b As a component of ), the internal adjustment circuit is configured to adjust the gap width (b104) via the adjustment drive (109) to the adjustment circuit (R) for adjusting the weight (FG). FG ; R' FG Pre-defined and / or modified rated gap width (b104) soll ).

11. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive mechanism is designed to be position-adjustable, i.e., a drive mechanism that controls or adjusts in terms of position.

12. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, For gap width (b104) soll The drive mechanism for adjusting the position of the rollers is designed as a double-acting cylinder-piston system operated by pressure fluid via an adjustment mechanism (164; 164*).

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The cylinder-piston system is connected via a pressure medium line (158; 159) to an adjustment mechanism (164; 164*), which is configured to load more or less pressurized fluid in a defined manner into one of two chambers (168; 169) located inside the cylinder and fluidly separated from each other by the piston (167), and correspondingly load more or less pressurized fluid into the other chamber, so as to move the position of the piston (167) in the cylinder (166) in a defined manner according to the inflow and outflow in the chambers (168; 169) in the adjustment direction, and to maintain the position thereunless otherwise.

14. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The adjusting mechanism (164) is formed by a proportional directional valve, which serves as a switching state (s1; s2; s3; s4) has at least one first passage state (s2), in which the first chamber (168) of the cylinder-piston system is connected in a pipeline to a pressure fluid source (P) to load the first chamber, and the second chamber (169) of the cylinder-piston system located on the other side of the piston (167) is connected to a reservoir (R) at a lower pressure level than the pressure fluid source (P). The proportional directional valve also has a second passage state (s2), in which the second chamber (169) is connected to the pressure fluid source (P) to load the second chamber, and the first chamber (168) is connected to the reservoir (R). An adjustment drive device (176) is provided, which is signal-connected to a regulator (171) included in the control and / or adjustment device (156), by which switching between the switching states (s1; s2; s3) and / or in the corresponding flow state (s2; s3) can be realized. Under s3), the flow rate and / or the fluid pressure applied on the output side can be changed.

15. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The adjustment mechanism (164) consists of a pump that can control and / or adjust the feed rate and / or reverse the feed direction.

16. The apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive mechanism of the adjustable stop mechanism (119) serves as the adjustment mechanism for the gap width (b104). soll The drive mechanism for the position of the first roller (102) or the roller position is effectively connected to the control and / or adjustment device (156), the stop mechanism defining the end position that defines the adjustment movement of the first roller (102) toward the second roller (103) and can be changed by the drive mechanism.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that, In order to adjust the roller gap and / or adjust the direction of the first roller (102; 103) toward the second roller (103), a drive mechanism capable of realizing the adjustment movement is provided.

18. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, A cylinder-piston system that can be operated by pressurized fluid is set as the drive mechanism.

19. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drive mechanism capable of adjusting motion engages directly or indirectly with the first and second rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') at its two working ends, and is configured to: shorten the distance between its working ends by operation and / or introduce mutually pointing adjusting forces and / or pulling forces between the two rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') through the two working ends.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that, The rollers (102; 103; 102'; 103') that form the first gap (104) are supported on both sides on the frame walls (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) of different sub-frames (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4), and the corresponding drive mechanisms engage with the frame walls (131.1; 131.2, 131.3; 131.4) of the two rollers (102; 103; 106) that form the corresponding gaps (104, 107) on one of the frame walls.

21. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that, The drive mechanism, designed as a cylinder-piston system, is indirectly engaged with the working ends of its cylinder and piston sides on two adjacent rollers (102; 103) or on the frame wall (131.1; 131.2; 131.3; 131.4) that carries these two adjacent rollers.

22. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The measuring device (413) is arranged and configured to determine the basis weight (FG) or its value by measuring at a location in the conveying path of the dry film (003; 003') after the first roller gap (104; 104') and before the portion applied to the carrier substrate (006) and / or on the second roller (103; 103').

23. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The measuring device (413) is arranged on the second substrate path segment (400) and / or on the substrate path in such a way that the basis weight (FG) or its value is determined by measuring on the product strip (002) and / or on the dry film (003; 003') that has been applied to the carrier substrate (006).

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, characterized in that, An ultrasonic transmitter (413.1) is provided on the substrate path and on the first side, through which ultrasonic waves can be applied to the product strip (002), and a receiver (413.2) is provided on the same side or the other side of the substrate path, through which reflected ultrasonic waves can be detected on the same side and transmitted ultrasonic waves can be detected on the other side.

25. The apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that, The sensor (413.1; 413.2) is designed to determine the basis weight (FG) value continuously or at multiple locations in width, i.e. transverse to the conveying direction of the dry film (003) or product strip (002), over a length at least half the width of the dry film or substrate strip and / or symmetrical about the center of the substrate path.

26. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The measuring device (413) for determining weight (FG) is based on an ultrasonic-based sensor (413.1; 413.2).

27. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, A second application unit (101') is provided in the substrate path. The second application unit includes a first roller (102') and a second roller (103'). The first roller and the second roller form a first slit (104; 104') for film formation in the pressing part between their shell surfaces. The dried powder mixture can be fed through the first slit to form a second dry film (003'). The second roller (103') of the second application unit (101'; 101) The roller of the second application unit (103) or the roller of the second application unit (101') that directly cooperates with the second roller (103') or indirectly cooperates with one or more other rollers as a pressure roller (103') together with the second or other rollers (103) of the first application unit (101) to form a second gap (107) serving as a double-sided lamination gap (107) so as to apply a dry film (003; 003') formed in the respective first gaps (104; 104') of the first and second application units (101'; 101) on both sides to the carrier substrate (006) that can be guided through the second gap (107) on the substrate path.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, characterized in that, In order to adjust the slit width (b104) of the first slit (104) of the second application unit (101') and / or to adjust the direction of the first roller (102') of the second application unit (101') toward the second roller (103') of the second application unit (101'), an adjustment drive device (109'; 111') is provided, and in order to rotate the first roller or the second roller (102'; 103') of the second application unit (101'), a drive mechanism capable of rotating the first roller or the second roller (102'; 103') of the second application unit (101') is provided, and the sensor element (413.1; 413.2) of the measuring device (413) serves as an adjustment loop (R) for adjusting the weight (FG). FG ; R' FG The components of the device are connected to a control and / or adjustment device (156) which is configured to change the slit width (b104') of the first slit (104') of the second application unit (101') according to the weight (FG) or a value representing the weight (FG) determined by the measuring device (413), via a signal connection with the drive mechanism of the adjustment drive device (109'; 111'), and / or via a signal connection, via an indirect or direct connection with the drive mechanism of the first roller (102'; 103') capable of driving the second application unit (101'), to change the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102') of the first roller (102') and the circumferential speed V (103') of the second roller (103').

29. A machine for coating a web-like carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003) made of a powdered material (004), said machine comprising: A substrate uncoiler (200) is arranged on the input side of the machine and configured to: convey a web-shaped carrier substrate (006) to be unwound from a substrate roll (291) on the input side to a substrate path that guides it through the machine. A first substrate path segment (300) is configured to transport a web-shaped carrier substrate (006) from a substrate uncoiler (200) to an application stage (100; 100*). in, The application stage (100; 100*) is configured to form at least one first dry film (003; 003') and apply the first dry film to at least one first side of the carrier substrate (006). A second substrate path segment (400), configured to convey a web-shaped carrier material (006) coated with a dry film (003) on at least a first side as a product strip (002) to a product winding machine (500), or as a product segment (001) to a stacking cantilever via a transverse cutter, and A measuring device (413) including sensor elements (413.1; 413.2), said measuring device being configured to determine the basis weight (FG) or a value representing the basis weight (FG) of at least one first dry film (003). The characteristic feature is that the application stage (100; 100*) is designed according to the apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 28.

30. A method for coating a web-like carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003) made of a powdered material (004), wherein, The machine uses a substrate uncoiler (200) to transport the web-shaped carrier substrate (006) unwound from the substrate roll (291) as a carrier substrate web at the input side. A web-shaped carrier substrate (006) is transported in segments (300) through a first substrate path to an application stage (100; 100*), in which at least one first dry film is formed from powdered material (004) through a first gap (104) formed between a first roller and a second roller (102), and the first dry film is applied to at least one first side of the carrier substrate (006) through a second gap (107) formed by a first pressing roller (103'; 106) and a second roller (103) or other rollers disposed between the second roller and the pressing roller. The web-shaped carrier substrate (006) with a dry film (003) on the first side is transported as a product strip (002) to the product winding machine (500) via the second substrate path segment (400), or as a product segment (001) to the stacking cantilever via the transverse cutting machine. Furthermore, the basis weight (FG) or a value representing the basis weight (FG) of at least one first dry film (003) is determined online by means of a measuring device (413) including sensor elements (413.1; 413.2). The feature is that, in order to adjust the weight (FG) to a predetermined value or within an allowable range, the gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) and / or the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller (102) and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) are changed according to the current weight (FG) or the value representing the weight (FG) determined by the measuring device (413).

31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that, During operation, the weight (FG) or the value representing the weight (FG) is adjusted to the rated value or within the allowable range by changing the ratio between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103'), based on the measured value of the weight (FG) or the value representing the weight (FG), and / or the ratio between the circumferential speeds V (102; 102'; 103; 103') is changed at a fixed but adjustable gap width (b104) and / or by changing the circumferential speed V (102; 102') of the first roller (102; 102').

32. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that, When the measured weight (FG) or its value deviates downward from the rated value or below the permissible range, the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) is changed to a larger ratio, and / or when the measured weight (FG) or its value deviates upward from the rated value or above the permissible range, the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102) of the first roller and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) is changed to a smaller ratio.

33. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that, The ratio V(102; 102'):V(103; 103') varies in the range of 1:3 to 1:

6.

34. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that, The change is along the difference between the circumferential speeds V(103) and V(102) of the second roller and the first roller (103; 102) on one side, relative to the circumferential speed V(103) of the second roller (103), or a decreasing relationship between the magnitude of the difference and the weight (FG) or the amount of weight (FG) on the other side.

35. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that, When the measured weight (FG) or its value deviates downward from the rated value or below the permissible range, the gap width (b104) shall be changed to a larger gap width (b104), and / or when the measured weight (FG) or its value deviates upward from the rated value or above the permissible range, the gap width (b104) shall be changed to a larger gap width (b104).

36. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that, The slit width (b104) of the first slit (104) is adjusted to a defined and / or constant slit width (b104) by adjusting the drive device (109; 146).

37. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that, The slit width (b104) of the first slit (104) is adjusted in a defined manner by a drive mechanism that is controlled or adjusted in terms of position. soll ).

38. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that, Adjustment is achieved by loading the double-acting cylinder-piston system.

39. The method according to claim 38, characterized in that, The cylinder-piston system is regulated by a proportional directional valve.

40. The method according to claim 36, characterized in that, The gap width (b104) of the first gap (104) is adjusted by the drive mechanism. soll The stop mechanism (119) is adjusted in a limited manner toward the abutment position defined in the direction of the pressure part and is adjustable in position.

41. The method according to claim 37, characterized in that, During the contacting operation, the driving mechanism that adjusts the motion introduces the pulling force pointing towards each other between the rollers (102; 103) or between the subframes (128.1; 128.2; 128.3; 128.4) of the two bearing rollers (102; 103).

42. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that, The basis weight (FG) or its value is determined by measuring at a location in the conveying path of the dry film (003; 003') after the first roller gap (104; 104') and before the portion applied to the carrier substrate (006) and / or on the second roller (103; 103').

43. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that, The basis weight (FG) or its value is determined by measuring on a second substrate path segment (400) on a product strip (002) having a dry film (003).

44. The method according to claim 30 or 31, characterized in that, A second dry film (003') is applied in a second slit (107) on the second side of a web-shaped carrier substrate (006). The second dry film is formed in a second application unit (101') in a first slit (104') of the second application unit (101'). The first slit is located between the roller (103') used as a first pressing roller (103') and the first roller (102') of the second application unit (101'), or between the first roller (102') of the second application unit (101') and the roller (103') used as a first pressing roller (103').

45. The method according to claim 44, characterized in that, In order to adjust the weight (FG) according to the current weight (FG) or the value representing the weight (FG) determined by the measuring device (413), the gap width (b104') of the first gap (104') of the second application unit (101') is changed, and / or the ratio between the circumferential speed V (102') of the first roller (102') of the second application unit (101') and the circumferential speed V (103) of the second roller (103) of the second application unit (101') is changed.

Images