A hydraulic control system and control method for a multi-cylinder cone crusher

Abstract

This invention discloses a hydraulic control system and method for a multi-cylinder cone crusher, belonging to the field of hydraulic control technology. The hydraulic control system of the multi-cylinder cone crusher of this invention includes: a main body, a locking subsystem, a protection subsystem, a sensing subsystem, and a main control subsystem. The locking subsystem includes multiple sets of pressure regulating devices and locking cylinders. The pressure regulating devices provide locking force to the support ring through the corresponding locking cylinders. The protection subsystem includes an energy storage device and a protection cylinder. The energy storage device stores part of the hydraulic medium of the protection cylinder, and the protection cylinder provides overload protection force to the moving cone. This invention measures the spindle power and locking clearance in real time, then adjusts the locking force, and adjusts the overload protection force based on the type of overload triggering, avoiding frequent adjustments to the overload protection force that could affect the uniformity of ore crushing. This invention updates the locking model and overload model based on the wear amount of the boundary line between the fixed cone and the moving cone, improving the accuracy of the locking force and overload protection force.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hydraulic control technology, and in particular to a hydraulic control system and control method for a multi-cylinder cone crusher. Background Technology

[0002] Cone crushers are typically used as medium or fine crushing equipment in crushing processes, where metallic impurities are often introduced during the preceding coarse crushing stage. The moving and fixed cones of a cone crusher form a crushing chamber, which crushes the stone by periodically changing its cross-section. The fixed cone is hydraulically locked to the base. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN103920563B discloses a multi-cylinder hydraulic lock double-lock cone crusher and its locking method. In this cone crusher, the cap frame assembly and adjusting screw sleeve are locked together using multiple locking cylinder assemblies. Each locking cylinder assembly is equipped with a locking cylinder tee or a locking cylinder four-way connector, and these tee and four-way connectors are connected to high-pressure oil pipes. The two locking cylinder four-way connectors are connected to an oil station and an energy accumulator, respectively. Multiple locking cylinders can improve the stability of stone particle size. The hydraulic pressure of the locking cylinders is affected by the geometric parameters of the crushing chamber and the physical properties of the stone, requiring adjustment of the hydraulic pressure according to the crushing chamber and the stone.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN117404344A discloses a hydraulic control device for a multi-cylinder cone crusher. Oil pumped from the oil pump passes through a second electromagnetic directional valve, a second check valve, a first throttle valve, a third electromagnetic directional valve, a fourth electromagnetic directional valve, a first overflow valve, and a second overflow valve, reaching the locking cylinder and the first accumulator. The filling of the first accumulator gradually increases the pressure in the locking oil circuit, achieving the locking action of the locking cylinder; conversely, it achieves the releasing action of the locking cylinder. The locking force can be adjusted according to overload or stalling conditions. However, the triggering conditions for this overload protection are affected by actual working conditions, potentially triggering it frequently at unnecessary times. Each overload triggering discharges some incompletely crushed stone, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. Therefore, the existing technology needs further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a hydraulic control system and method for a multi-cylinder cone crusher. The overload protection force is adjusted based on the type of overload, avoiding frequent adjustments that could affect the uniformity of stone crushing. Furthermore, this invention employs a multi-locking cylinder structure, adjusting the pressure ratio of the corresponding locking cylinder's pressure regulating device according to the wear at each directional angle, thus preventing the aggravation of uneven wear on the moving cone.

[0005] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical means:

[0006] A hydraulic control system for a multi-cylinder cone crusher includes: a main body, a locking subsystem, a protection subsystem, a sensing subsystem, and a main control subsystem, wherein...

[0007] The main body of the equipment includes a fixed cone, a moving cone, a main shaft, and a support ring. The fixed cone is fixed inside the support ring, and the fixed cone and the moving cone form a crushing chamber. The main shaft drives the moving cone to rotate inside the fixed cone to adjust the crushing chamber.

[0008] The locking subsystem includes multiple sets of pressure regulating devices and locking cylinders. The pressure regulating devices provide locking force to the support ring through the corresponding locking cylinders. There is a locking gap between the locking nut of the locking cylinder and the support ring.

[0009] The protection subsystem includes an energy storage device and a protection cylinder. The energy storage device stores part of the hydraulic medium of the protection cylinder, and the protection cylinder provides overload protection force to the moving cone.

[0010] The sensing subsystem includes a power measurement unit for measuring spindle power, a displacement measurement unit for measuring locking clearance, and a boundary measurement unit for measuring the boundary line between the moving cone and the fixed cone.

[0011] The main control subsystem includes a first processing unit, a triggering unit, a second processing unit, and a feedback unit, wherein...

[0012] If the system enters the working state, the first processing unit is configured to adjust the locking force based on the locking model of the cone crusher, the triggering unit is configured to generate a trigger delay based on the peak moment of the crushing force and the activation moment of the energy storage device, and the second processing unit is configured to respond to at least one trigger delay and adjust the overload protection force based on the overload model of the multi-cylinder cone crusher.

[0013] If the machine enters a shutdown state, the feedback unit calculates the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber based on the boundary lines of the fixed cone and the moving cone, and then updates the locking model.

[0014] In this invention, the main control subsystem also includes a third processing unit. Multiple sets of locking cylinders are evenly installed in multiple arc intervals of the adjusting ring. The third processing unit is configured to calculate the crushing throughput of each arc interval based on the boundary line of the fixed cone and the moving cone, and then adjust the pressure regulation ratio of the corresponding pressure regulating device of the locking cylinder.

[0015] In this invention, the locking subsystem further includes a first hydraulic source and a first three-position two-way valve. The first hydraulic source is connected to the pressure regulating device or the pressure relief chamber of the locking cylinder via the first three-position two-way valve. The pressure regulating device provides hydraulic medium to the pressure boosting chamber of the locking cylinder.

[0016] In this invention, the protection subsystem further includes a second hydraulic source and a second three-position two-way valve. The second hydraulic source is connected to the pressure boosting chamber or the pressure relief chamber of the protection cylinder via the second three-position two-way valve. The energy storage device is connected to the pressure boosting chamber of the locking cylinder via a pressure boosting valve.

[0017] In this invention, the triggering unit has a first peak measurement unit for identifying the peak moment of the crushing force, an action measurement unit for collecting the action moment of the energy storage device, and a second peak measurement unit for identifying the pressure peak of the energy storage device. When the trigger delay is greater than the delay threshold or the pressure peak is within the margin range of the overload protection, the second processing unit responds to the trigger delay.

[0018] A control method for a hydraulic control system applied to the multi-cylinder cone crusher includes the following steps:

[0019] Step 1: Construct the locking model of the cone crusher based on the compressive strength of the original ore, construct the overload model of the cone crusher based on the yield strength of the impurities, and preset the reference values ​​of locking force, locking gap and overload protection force.

[0020] Step 2: When the machine is in working condition, the raw ore enters the crushing chamber, the main shaft drives the moving cone to rotate to periodically adjust the crushing chamber, and the target ore is discharged from the crushing chamber.

[0021] Step 3: Collect spindle power, moving cone speed, and locking clearance, and adjust the locking force of the locking cylinder based on the locking model;

[0022] Step 4: Identify the peak moment of the crushing force and the activation moment of the energy storage device, generate the trigger delay of the protection cylinder. If the overload of the trigger delay is an abnormal overload, adjust the overload protection force of the protection cylinder and proceed to step 5.

[0023] Step 5: If the machine enters a shutdown state, collect multiple sets of boundary lines of the moving cone and the fixed cone, calculate the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber, update the locking model, and return to Step 2.

[0024] In this invention, in step 1, the locking model is: F1 is the target value of the locking force, k1 is the lamination amplification factor, σ1 is the uniaxial compressive strength of the original ore, A1 is the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber, η is the mechanical efficiency of the cone crusher, P is the main shaft power, e is the eccentricity of the moving cone, and n is the rotational speed of the moving cone.

[0025] In this invention, in step 1, the protected model is: F3 is the static load for releasing impurities, F4 is the dynamic impact load for releasing impurities, F2 is the current value of the locking force, k3 is the force transmission coefficient of the cone crusher, and W is the gravity of the moving cone.

[0026] In this invention, in step 4, the margin range of overload protection is determined based on the overload protection force, and the pressure peak value of the energy storage device is identified. If the trigger delay is greater than the delay threshold or the pressure peak value is within the margin range of overload protection, the overload of the trigger delay is an abnormal overload.

[0027] In this invention, in step 4, an arc range is assigned to each locking cylinder according to the installation position of the locking cylinder, the boundary line of the fixed cone and the moving cone in the arc range is extracted, the crushing throughput of the arc range is calculated, and then the pressure regulation ratio of the corresponding pressure regulating device is adjusted.

[0028] The hydraulic control system and method for a multi-cylinder cone crusher according to the present invention have the following advantages: The present invention measures the main shaft power and locking clearance in real time, then adjusts the locking force, and adjusts the overload protection force in conjunction with the overload trigger state, avoiding the triggering of abnormal overload (overload) protection, which would lead to frequent adjustments of the overload protection force and affect the uniformity of ore crushing. Furthermore, the present invention updates the locking model based on the wear amount of the boundary line between the fixed and moving cones, improving the accuracy of the locking force. The present invention determines the crushing throughput based on the boundary line between the moving and fixed cones, and adjusts the pressure regulation ratio of the corresponding locking cylinder's pressure regulating device in conjunction with the crushing throughput, avoiding further increase in local wear caused by non-uniform crushing of the ore in the fixed cone. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of the hydraulic control system of the multi-cylinder cone crusher of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the device body of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the device body of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the locking cylinder of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a hydraulic schematic diagram of the locking subsystem of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a hydraulic schematic diagram of the protection subsystem of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a block diagram of the first peak value measurement unit of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the crushing force of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a pressure diagram of the energy storage device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the locking gap of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the control method of the hydraulic control system of the multi-cylinder cone crusher according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the boundary line between the fixed cone and the moving cone of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one state of the fixed cone and the moving cone of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another state of the fixed cone and the moving cone of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 15 This is a planar schematic diagram of one state of the fixed cone and the moving cone of the present invention.

[0044] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: drive source 111, transmission mechanism 112, fixed cone 113, moving cone 114, main shaft 115, support ring 116, base 117, dust cover 118, adjusting ring 119, sleeve 121, eccentric bushing 122, feed port 123, discharge port 124, helical gear 125, flange 126, pressure regulating device 211, locking cylinder 212, locking nut 213, disc spring 214, first hydraulic source 215, first three-position two-way valve 216, energy storage device 311, protection cylinder 312, push plate 313, second hydraulic source 314, second three-position two-way valve 315, pressure boosting valve 316, valve stem 317. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Example 1

[0046] like Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the hydraulic control system of a multi-cylinder cone crusher of the present invention includes: a main body, a locking subsystem, a protection subsystem, a sensing subsystem, and a main control subsystem.

[0047] The equipment body includes a drive source 111, a transmission mechanism 112, a fixed cone 113, a moving cone 114, a main shaft 115, and a support ring 116. The drive source 111 drives the main shaft 115 via the transmission mechanism 112. The fixed cone 113 is fixed inside the support ring 116, and the fixed cone 113 and the moving cone 114 form a crushing chamber. The main shaft 115 is an eccentric shaft, which drives the moving cone 114 to rotate within the fixed cone 113 to adjust the shape of the crushing chamber. During the change of the crushing chamber, the original ore is crushed to produce target ore with a smaller diameter. The equipment body also includes a base 117, a dust cover 118, an adjusting ring 119, a sleeve 121, and an eccentric bushing 122. The support ring 116 is mounted on the flange 126 of the base 117. The base 117 has a feed inlet 123 and a discharge outlet 124. The dust cover 118 is located above the feed inlet 123 and is used to isolate the crushing chamber. A fixed cone 113 is installed inside an adjusting ring 119, which is connected to a support ring 116 via a helical tooth 125. The self-locking action of the helical tooth 125 transmits the thrust of the fixed cone 113 horizontally to the adjusting ring 119, thereby reducing the vibration of the base 117. A sleeve 121 is installed at the bottom of the base 117. A main shaft 115 is rotatably inserted into an eccentric bushing 122, which is movably inserted into the sleeve 121. The axis of the eccentric bushing 122 is coaxial with the axis of the sleeve 121.

[0048] The locking subsystem includes multiple pressure regulating devices 211 and locking cylinders 212. The pressure regulating devices 211 provide locking force to the support ring 116 via corresponding locking cylinders 212. The pressure regulating devices 211, for example, are electro-hydraulic servo valves, which precisely and continuously control the medium pressure through high-frequency responsive electrical signals, thereby adjusting the actual locking force output to the locking cylinders 212 by the first hydraulic source 215. The cylinder body of the locking cylinder 212 is mounted on the side of the flange 126, and the output shaft of the locking cylinder 212 extends from the support ring 116. The locking nut 213 of the locking cylinder 212 is mounted on the output shaft. Under the action of the locking force, the locking nut 213 presses the support ring 116 onto the flange 126. The locking nut 213 of the locking cylinder 212 has a locking gap between it and the support ring 116. A disc spring 214 is located in the locking gap and resists the locking force to keep the locking gap at the reference value.

[0049] The locking subsystem also includes a first hydraulic source 215 and a first three-position two-way valve 216. The first hydraulic source 215 is connected to the pressure regulating device 211 or the pressure relief chamber of the locking cylinder 212 via the first three-position two-way valve 216. The pressure regulating device 211 provides hydraulic medium to the pressure boosting chamber of the locking cylinder 212. In the working state, the first three-position two-way valve 216 is in the off position. When it is necessary to increase or decrease the locking force, the first three-position two-way valve 216 switches to the sequential connection position or the reversing connection position to fill the pressure boosting chamber or the pressure relief chamber of the locking cylinder 212 with medium. The first hydraulic source 215 can also be equipped with a bypass pressure relief valve to discharge excess medium.

[0050] The protection subsystem includes an energy storage device 311 and a protection cylinder 312. The energy storage device 311 stores a portion of the hydraulic medium of the protection cylinder 312, which provides an overload protection force to the moving cone 114. The cylinder body of the protection cylinder 312 is installed at the bottom of the sleeve 121, and the push plate 313 of the protection cylinder 312 is installed below the eccentric bushing 122. The push plate 313 applies an overload protection force to the eccentric bushing 122 to push the moving cone 114 into the crushing chamber. When the resistance generated by the yield strength of the impurities in the crushing chamber is greater than the overload protection force, the thrust of the impurities on the moving cone 114 pushes the push plate 313 into the cylinder body of the protection cylinder 312, causing the moving cone 114 to descend and the opening of the crushing chamber to increase for rapid discharge of impurities. This process is called overload protection, or overload protection. Due to problems with the overload protection force setting or changes in the working environment, overload protection may occur even when there are no ultra-hard impurities; this type of overload protection is called abnormal overload. This invention predicts overload types, avoiding frequent adjustments to the overload protection force.

[0051] The protection subsystem also includes a second hydraulic source 314 and a second three-position two-way valve 315. The second hydraulic source 314 is connected to the pressure boosting chamber or the pressure relief chamber of the protection cylinder 312 via the second three-position two-way valve 315. The energy storage device 311 is connected to the pressure boosting chamber of the locking cylinder 212 via a pressure boosting valve 316. When it is necessary to increase or decrease the overload protection force, the second three-position two-way valve 315 switches to the sequential connection position or the reversing connection position to charge the medium into the pressure boosting chamber or the pressure relief chamber of the protection cylinder 312. The second hydraulic source 314 can also be equipped with a pressure relief valve in the bypass to discharge excess medium.

[0052] In operation, the second and third position two-way valve 315 is in the off position. When the crushing force on the moving cone 114 is too large, the crushing force is transmitted axially to the protective cylinder 312. The pressure chamber of the protective cylinder 312 is compressed, and the excess medium flows into the energy storage device 311 through the pressure boosting valve 316. After the moving cone 114 descends, the discharge port area increases, and impurities are quickly discharged. After the crushing force returns to normal, the energy storage device 311 pushes the hydraulic medium into the pressure chamber of the protective cylinder 312, and the moving cone 114 rises to continue working. The pressure boosting valve 316 can convert the high-pressure hydraulic medium in the pressure boosting chamber into the rated pressure hydraulic medium of the energy storage device 311, and the action time of the energy storage device 311 can be indirectly measured by the displacement of the valve stem 317 of the pressure boosting valve 316.

[0053] The sensing subsystem includes a power measurement unit for measuring the power of the spindle 115, a displacement measurement unit for measuring the locking clearance, and a boundary measurement unit for measuring the boundary lines between the moving cone 114 and the fixed cone 113. The power measurement unit is, for example, a power meter, and the displacement measurement unit is, for example, a laser displacement meter or an eddy current displacement meter. The boundary measurement unit is, for example, a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) or a line laser scanner, used to measure multiple sets of boundary lines on the working surfaces of the moving cone 114 and the fixed cone 113, thereby estimating the wear in each directional angle.

[0054] The main control subsystem is the core electrical control component of the cone crusher. It includes a first processing unit, a triggering unit, a second processing unit, a feedback unit, a storage unit, and a third processing unit. The main control subsystem receives sampled data from the power measurement unit, displacement measurement unit, and boundary measurement unit via a data interface. When the cone crusher enters the working state, the first processing unit is configured to adjust the locking force based on the main shaft power, locking gap, and locking model. The triggering unit is configured to generate a trigger delay based on the peak moment of the crushing force and the activation moment of the energy storage device. The second processing unit is configured to respond to at least one trigger delay and adjust the overload protection force based on the overload model of the multi-cylinder cone crusher. When the cone crusher enters the shutdown state, the feedback unit calculates the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber based on the boundary lines of the fixed and moving cones, and then updates the locking model. The storage unit stores historical locking models.

[0055] Multiple sets of locking cylinders are evenly installed in multiple arc-shaped sections of the adjusting ring. The third processing unit is configured to calculate the crushing throughput of each arc-shaped section based on the boundary lines of the fixed cone and the moving cone, and then adjust the pressure adjustment ratio of the corresponding pressure regulating device of the locking cylinder. It should be noted that, under slight wear, this invention adjusts the crushing throughput of different areas of the crushing chamber by fine-tuning the single-cylinder locking force. Since the wear of the boundary line (average rate of change of the boundary line) is smaller than the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber, the pressure adjustment ratio is close to 1, and the single-cylinder locking force will not fluctuate significantly. If the wear of the fixed cone exceeds 1%, the fixed cone liner should be replaced in time, rather than maintaining normal operation by adjusting the pressure ratio. Example 2

[0056] This embodiment further discloses the structure of the triggering unit, which has a first peak measurement unit for identifying the peak moment of the crushing force, an action measurement unit for collecting the action moment of the energy storage device, and a second peak measurement unit for identifying the pressure peak of the energy storage device.

[0057] like Figure 7 As shown, the first peak value measurement unit may include a pressure sensor, a filtering module, an ADC sampling module, a signal comparator, and a clock synchronization circuit. Multiple pressure sensors can be mounted on the spindle to measure the crushing force on the moving cone from multiple angles. The filtering module is used for filtering, amplifying, and detecting the instantaneous value of the crushing force. The ADC sampling module converts the input instantaneous spindle power value into a digital signal. The signal comparator compares two adjacent sets of instantaneous crushing force values, stores the larger one for the next comparison, and the final stored instantaneous crushing force value is the peak value. Figure 8 As shown, in a simpler embodiment, a threshold can be preset (e.g., 1.65 × 10). 6 The peak value of the crushing force (N) is defined as the moment when its instantaneous value first exceeds the threshold. A clock synchronization circuit is used to synchronize the clock of the power measurement unit in the sensing subsystem, outputting a peak clock signal, which represents the peak value of the crushing force. Crushing force refers to the force exerted on the moving cone by the original ore or impurities. In the event of an overload, the crushing force increases rapidly initially, followed by a response from the energy storage device or pressure booster valve.

[0058] The motion measurement unit can acquire the timing of the energy storage device's action via the valve stem of the booster valve. Specifically, the motion measurement unit can be, for example, a magnetostrictive displacement sensor mounted on the valve stem of the booster valve. This sensor acquires the displacement signal of the valve stem (sampling rate ≥ 10kHz) and calculates the instantaneous velocity of the valve stem. When the instantaneous velocity first exceeds a threshold (e.g., 0.01 m / s), a clock signal representing that instantaneous velocity is output, indicating the timing of the energy storage device's action.

[0059] The second peak measurement unit can have a similar structure to the first peak measurement unit, the difference being that the second peak measurement unit outputs the pressure peak value of the energy storage device. The second peak measurement unit first acquires the pressure signal of the energy storage device in real time, then converts the pressure signal into a continuous analog signal. This signal is then filtered, amplified, and sampled by an ADC to obtain a digital signal. By comparing different digital signals, the pressure corresponding to the maximum digital signal is obtained, i.e., the pressure peak value. Figure 9 As shown.

[0060] The trigger delay t0 = t2 - t1, where t1 is the peak value of the crushing force and t2 is the valve stem displacement time. Overloads corresponding to a portion of the trigger delay are considered normal overloads, while overloads corresponding to a portion of the trigger delay are considered abnormal overloads. This invention identifies the trigger delay of abnormal overloads and adjusts the overload protection force accordingly.

[0061] Specifically, excessive trigger delay leads to slow response of the protection cylinder, which can easily damage the equipment, necessitating adjustment of the overload protection force. When the trigger delay exceeds a delay threshold, the current overload protection force does not meet the usage requirements, and the second processing unit responds to the trigger delay. The delay threshold is, for example, 0.3 seconds; when the delay threshold exceeds 0.3 seconds, the overload protection force is adjusted. If the pressure peak fluctuation is small during an overload (the pressure peak is within the margin range of the overload protection), the protection cylinder is overly sensitive, and the corresponding overload is also considered abnormal, requiring adjustment of the overload protection force. The margin range of the overload protection is the hydraulic range of normal overload protection; hydraulic fluctuations within this range should not frequently trigger the overload protection. The margin range of the overload protection is, for example, [20 MPa, 25 MPa]. In a more specific embodiment, the margin range is set according to the current overload protection force, for example, [-90%F2 / (KA3), 105%F2 / (KA3)]. F2 is the current value of the overload protection force, for example, 1500 kN. K represents the pressure gain of the booster valve, typically ranging from 1.2 to 2.0. A3 represents the effective area of ​​the piston in the protection cylinder, for example, 0.04 to 0.1 m². 2 . Example 3

[0062] like Figures 11 to 15 The present invention illustrates a control method for a hydraulic control system applied to a multi-cylinder cone crusher, comprising the following steps. To measure the boundary line between the moving cone and the fixed cone, this embodiment constructs a reference coordinate system OXYZ with the fixed cone axis as the Z-axis, the horizontal rightward direction as the X-axis, and the horizontal inward direction as the Y-axis.

[0063] Step 1: Construct a locking model for the cone crusher based on the compressive strength of the original ore, and an overload model based on the yield strength of the impurities. Preset the baseline values ​​for locking force, locking gap, and overload protection force. In mining, the original ore is, for example, granite, with a uniaxial compressive strength of, for example, 200 MPa. Impurities are usually metals such as iron added in previous processes, and their yield strength can be set to 350 MPa. The baseline value for the locking gap is related to the thickness of the disc spring and is generally set to 2.45 mm. The baseline values ​​for locking force and overload protection force can be determined by the model algorithm combined with the rated operating parameters and then by referring to a table.

[0064] Step 2: If in working condition, the raw ore enters the crushing chamber, and the main shaft drives the moving cone to rotate to periodically adjust the crushing chamber. The target ore is discharged from the crushing chamber. If not in working condition, proceed to Step 5. The diameter of the raw ore is, for example, 150mm to 200mm, and the diameter of the target ore is, for example, 30mm to 50mm. During the crushing of the raw ore, the fixed cone is subjected to thrust, and the locking force is used to counteract the axial vibration caused by this thrust. The raw ore usually comes from the output of jaw crushers or other primary processing equipment, and may contain ultra-hard impurities (usually metals such as iron). The descent of the moving cone can quickly discharge impurities and avoid damage to the equipment. The thrust of the fixed cone is decomposed into horizontal thrust and vertical thrust. The horizontal thrust of the fixed cone is transmitted to the support ring through the self-locking part of the adjusting ring, and the vertical thrust of the fixed cone is counteracted by the locking force. Correspondingly, the raw ore also exerts thrust on the moving cone. The horizontal component of the moving cone thrust is absorbed by the main shaft, and the overload protection force counteracts the vertical component of the moving cone thrust.

[0065] Step 3: Collect the spindle power, moving cone speed, and locking clearance, and adjust the locking force of the locking cylinder based on the locking model. From the perspective of crushing mechanism, the locking force is used to crush the raw ore, and the force for crushing the raw ore is k1σ1A1. k1 is the layering amplification factor of the crushing chamber (empirical value 3~6), σ1 is the uniaxial compressive strength of the raw ore, and A1 is the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber. From the perspective of the fixed cone force, the locking force is used to counteract the force of the moving cone on the fixed cone through the raw ore. This force is ηP / (2πen / 60)=30ηP / (πen), where η is the mechanical efficiency (≈0.6-0.8), P is the spindle power, e is the eccentricity of the moving cone (unit: meter), and n is the moving cone speed (unit: revolutions / minute). Therefore, based on the two different analysis models, the target value F1 of the locking force can be predicted. Locking model: .

[0066] In one embodiment, the current value F2 of the locking force is adjusted to the target value F1 of the locking force. In another embodiment, an iterative adjustment amount is set. Specifically, the greater the instantaneous value of the locking gap deviates from the reference value, the greater the vibration of the locking gap, and the greater the need for adjusting the locking force. The mechanism of a cone crusher is complex. Figure 10 A locking gap x is disclosed t The graph shows the change over time t. In this embodiment, to reflect the locking force requirement of the locking clearance, the adjustment coefficient is (x̄ / x-1)(σ). x / x), where x̄ is the locking gap x within the preset sampling period T. t The mean, σ x The locking gap x within the sampling period T t The standard deviation of σ is given, where x is the baseline value between locking intervals, and the sampling period T is, for example, 10 seconds. The iterative adjustment is F1(x̄ / x-1)(σ x / x), the adjusted locking force = F2 + F1(x̄ / x-1)(σ x / x), F2 is the current value of the locking force.

[0067] Step 4: Identify the peak moment of the crushing force and the activation moment of the energy storage device, and generate a trigger delay for the protective cylinder. If the overload of this trigger delay is an abnormal overload, adjust the overload protection force of the protective cylinder, and after ending the working state, proceed to Step 5. If the overload of this trigger delay is a normal overload, proceed directly to Step 5. Each overload delay indicates an overload. Overloads are divided into normal and abnormal overloads. The protective cylinder is an important safety device. To avoid frequent overloads and frequent adjustments to the overload protection force that could cause system oscillations, this invention identifies the pressure peak value of the energy storage device. If the trigger delay is greater than the delay threshold or the pressure peak value is within the margin range of the overload protection, the overload of this trigger delay is an abnormal overload. In this case, adjust the overload protection force of the protective cylinder.

[0068] The overload protection force of the protective cylinder must first release the static load F3 of the impurity. F3 = σ²A², where σ² is the yield strength of the impurity, typically taken as 400 to 600 MPa. A² is the contact area of ​​the impurity; in a dense, crushed environment, this contact area can be the surface area of ​​the impurity. For an impurity with a diameter of 100 mm, the contact area is approximately 7500 mm². 2 The overload protection force also needs to release the dynamic impact load F4 from impurities. F4 = (2Ek²) 1 / 2 E is the impact kinetic energy, E = 0.5m'v 2 m' represents the mass of the impurity; for metallic impurities such as iron, the mass is generally taken as 5 to 10 kg. v represents the discharge velocity, which can be directly measured at the discharge port or determined by combining the rotational speed of the moving cone and the crushing throughput of the crushing chamber. k2 represents the equivalent stiffness of the cone crusher system, obtained through finite element analysis or field testing, and is typically about 500-800 kN / mm. Therefore, the adjusted overload protection force F5 = (F3 + F4)k3 - W, where k3 is the force transmission coefficient (approximately 0.025~0.035). W is the weight of the moving cone, typically 150 kN. Since the overload protection force must meet the requirement of resisting the locking force (otherwise the overload protection will fail), the overload protection force must be significantly greater than the current value of the locking force. Therefore, the protection model is as follows: F2 is the current value of the locking force.

[0069] Step 5: If the machine enters a shutdown state, collect multiple sets of boundary lines of the moving cone and the fixed cone, calculate the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber, update the locking model, and return to Step 2. For example... Figure 12 As shown, each direction angle corresponds to a set of boundary lines. The moving cone boundary line f at direction angle β is defined in the same coordinate system. 2β (z) and the conical boundary line f 1β(z), where z is the axis coordinate. In a specific embodiment, a finite set of boundary lines can be measured, and then the median of adjacent boundary lines can be calculated using interpolation to obtain a more accurate boundary wear profile of the moving cone and the fixed cone. Since the moving cone rotates continuously, the mean value f2(z) of the moving cone boundary line with an orientation angle from 0 to 2π is calculated. .

[0070] like Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, after wear, the opening width at the boundary between the moving cone and the fixed cone increases, and the crushing throughput of the crushing chamber increases. The opening width of the crushing chamber at the axial coordinate z of the direction angle β is f. 3β (z)=|f 1β (z)|-f2(z), the integral along the axis of the crushing chamber from the bottom point z2 to the top point z1, determines the average channel area of ​​the direction angle β. Then, by integrating along the circumference, the effective working volume V is obtained. The effective working area of ​​the moving cone. Then update the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber in the locking model. Example 4

[0071] This embodiment further discloses the method for adjusting the voltage regulation ratio of the voltage regulating device in step 4.

[0072] In the initial design, the boundary lines of all directional angles of the fixed cone are the same, and the crushing throughput of each directional angle is equal. Multiple sets of locking cylinders are evenly installed in multiple arc intervals of the adjusting ring, and the locking force of each single cylinder of the multiple sets of locking cylinders constitutes the final output locking force. Due to the difference in the locking force of each single cylinder, after long-term use, some boundary lines wear, and the crushing throughput of different directional angles becomes different, accelerating the wear of the fixed cone. The third processing unit of this invention is configured to calculate the crushing throughput of each arc interval based on the boundary lines of the fixed cone and the moving cone, and then adjust the pressure adjustment ratio of the corresponding pressure regulating device of the locking cylinder. This invention compensates for the difference in locking force of each single cylinder by adjusting the pressure regulating device at the corresponding position, changes the locking gap of the corresponding locking cylinder, and fine-tunes the actual boundary of the fixed cone, so as to make the crushing throughput of the crushing chamber more uniform and avoid aggravated wear.

[0073] First, the adjusted locking force is distributed to each locking cylinder. The theoretical output force F of locking cylinder m... m =F2 / M, where M is the number of locking cylinders. The theoretical output force F in the initial state is... m When used as a single-cylinder locking force, the sum of the single-cylinder locking forces of all locking cylinders equals the locking force provided by the locking subsystem.

[0074] Each locking cylinder is assigned a radius interval based on its installation position. Specifically, a centerline for the locking cylinder is constructed using its installation position and the center of the fixed cone. Using this centerline as the center, the circumference of the fixed cone is divided into M radius intervals. For example, in... Figure 4In the middle, the arc range of the locking cylinder m is [β1, β2].

[0075] Next, extract the boundary lines of the fixed cone and moving cone within the arc range of any locking cylinder, calculate the channel area of ​​that arc range, and calculate the crushing flux for each arc range. Crushing flux refers to the relative flow rate of raw ore crushed within that arc range under operating conditions. The channel length at the direction angle β at the axis coordinate z is... The channel area at coordinate z on the axis is... The breaking flux in this arc range [z1, z2] is the axial interval of the crushing chamber.

[0076] Finally, adjust the pressure regulating ratio of the corresponding pressure regulating device according to the crushing throughput within the arc range. The average throughput of the cone crusher is... The pressure adjustment ratio of the locking cylinder m is B. m / B0, the actual output force of the locking cylinder m, i.e., the single-cylinder locking force, is F. m '=F m (B m / B0), F m =F2 / M. Since the crushing throughput is relatively large, the locking force should be appropriately increased to reduce the opening width of the corresponding arc range.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydraulic control system for a multi-cylinder cone crusher, characterized in that, include: The equipment body, locking subsystem, protection subsystem, sensing subsystem, and main control subsystem, among which, The main body of the equipment includes a fixed cone, a moving cone, a main shaft, and a support ring. The fixed cone is fixed inside the support ring, and the fixed cone and the moving cone form a crushing chamber. The main shaft drives the moving cone to rotate inside the fixed cone to adjust the crushing chamber. The locking subsystem includes multiple sets of pressure regulating devices and locking cylinders. The pressure regulating devices provide locking force to the support ring through the corresponding locking cylinders. There is a locking gap between the locking nut of the locking cylinder and the support ring. The protection subsystem includes an energy storage device and a protection cylinder. The energy storage device stores part of the hydraulic medium of the protection cylinder, and the protection cylinder provides overload protection force to the moving cone. The sensing subsystem includes a power measurement unit for measuring spindle power, a displacement measurement unit for measuring locking clearance, and a boundary measurement unit for measuring the boundary line between the moving cone and the fixed cone. The main control subsystem includes a first processing unit, a triggering unit, a second processing unit, and a feedback unit, wherein... If the system enters the working state, the first processing unit is configured to adjust the locking force based on the locking model of the cone crusher, the triggering unit is configured to generate a trigger delay based on the peak moment of the crushing force and the activation moment of the energy storage device, and the second processing unit is configured to respond to at least one trigger delay and adjust the overload protection force based on the overload model of the multi-cylinder cone crusher. If the machine enters a shutdown state, the feedback unit calculates the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber based on the boundary lines of the fixed cone and the moving cone, and then updates the locking model. The triggering unit includes a first peak measurement unit for identifying the peak moment of the crushing force, an action measurement unit for collecting the action moment of the energy storage device, and a second peak measurement unit for identifying the pressure peak of the energy storage device. When the trigger delay is greater than the delay threshold or the pressure peak is within the margin range of the overload protection, the second processing unit responds to the trigger delay. The trigger delay t0 = t2 - t1, where t1 is the peak moment of the crushing force and t2 is the moment of valve stem displacement. The triggering unit identifies the trigger delay of abnormal overload and adjusts the overload protection force.

2. The hydraulic control system for the multi-cylinder cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control subsystem also includes a third processing unit. Multiple sets of locking cylinders are evenly installed in multiple arc intervals of the regulating ring. The third processing unit is configured to calculate the crushing throughput of each arc interval based on the boundary lines of the fixed cone and the moving cone, and then adjust the pressure regulation ratio of the corresponding pressure regulating device of the locking cylinder.

3. The hydraulic control system for the multi-cylinder cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking subsystem also includes a first hydraulic source and a first three-position two-way valve. The first hydraulic source is connected to the pressure regulating device or the pressure relief chamber of the locking cylinder via the first three-position two-way valve. The pressure regulating device provides hydraulic medium to the pressure boosting chamber of the locking cylinder.

4. The hydraulic control system for the multi-cylinder cone crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protection subsystem also includes a second hydraulic source and a second three-position two-way valve. The second hydraulic source is connected to the pressure boosting chamber or the pressure relief chamber of the protection cylinder via the second three-position two-way valve. The energy storage device is connected to the pressure boosting chamber of the locking cylinder via a pressure boosting valve.

5. A control method for a hydraulic control system applied to a multi-cylinder cone crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Construct the locking model of the cone crusher based on the compressive strength of the original ore, construct the overload model of the cone crusher based on the yield strength of the impurities, and preset the reference values ​​of locking force, locking gap and overload protection force. Step 2: When the machine is in working condition, the raw ore enters the crushing chamber, the main shaft drives the moving cone to rotate to periodically adjust the crushing chamber, and the target ore is discharged from the crushing chamber. Step 3: Collect spindle power, moving cone speed, and locking clearance, and adjust the locking force of the locking cylinder based on the locking model; Step 4: Identify the peak moment of the crushing force and the activation moment of the energy storage device, generate the trigger delay of the protection cylinder. If the overload of the trigger delay is an abnormal overload, adjust the overload protection force of the protection cylinder and proceed to step 5. Step 5: If the machine enters a shutdown state, collect multiple sets of boundary lines of the moving cone and the fixed cone, calculate the effective working area of ​​the crushing chamber, update the locking model, and return to Step 2.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 4, the margin range of overload protection is determined based on the overload protection force, and the pressure peak value of the energy storage device is identified. If the trigger delay is greater than the delay threshold or the pressure peak value is within the margin range of overload protection, the overload of the trigger delay is an abnormal overload.

7. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 4, an arc range is assigned to each locking cylinder according to its installation position. The boundary lines of the fixed cone and the moving cone in the arc range are extracted, the crushing throughput of the arc range is calculated, and then the pressure regulation ratio of the corresponding pressure regulating device is adjusted.

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