Sunshade for entrance and exit of connecting area of spiral highway tunnel group

Abstract

The invention relates to a highway spiral tunnel group connection area entrance and exit shading shed, a highway spiral tunnel comprises a previous tunnel driving-out section, a connection area straight line section and a next tunnel driving-in section, the previous tunnel driving-out section and the next tunnel driving-in section are curve sections, the connection area straight line section is a straight line section, and the connection area straight line section is a straight line section. The shading shed comprises a sight line induction device, a self-adaptive photosensitive adjusting device and an inclined bending sensing device; and the self-adaptive photosensitive adjusting device and the sight line induction device are arranged at the top and on the side surface of the inclined camber sensing system device. The internal light environment of the shading shed can be adaptively adjusted according to changes of external light, meanwhile, the structural angle and length of the shading shed are designed according to the road curvature and gradient of the place where the shading shed is located, and the perception of a driver on the speed, curvature and gradient is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of highway traffic safety, and more particularly to an entrance and exit sunshade shed at a connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation infrastructure, highway tunnels, particularly spiral tunnels, are increasingly being used in mountainous and complex terrain. These tunnels, through their continuous curves and gradient changes, effectively address the challenges of large elevation differences and limited straight-line distances. However, this also presents new traffic safety challenges. Entrances and exits of tunnel connections are high-incidence areas for traffic accidents. This is primarily due to the dramatic changes in light when entering and exiting the tunnel, which can lead to visual adaptation difficulties for drivers. This can lead to errors in speed perception and road curvature, which can cause accidents.

[0003] Traditional tunnel entrance and exit shading systems typically use fixed awnings. Their design is primarily based on static lighting conditions and road geometry, and they are unable to adapt to dynamic changes in external light. Furthermore, existing awning structures often overlook the impact of road curvature and slope on driver perception, making it difficult for drivers to accurately judge vehicle speed and road geometry when passing through tunnel junctions, increasing driving risks.

[0004] To address these issues, several improvements have been proposed in the prior art. For example, some sunshades utilize adjustable visors that can be manually or mechanically adjusted to accommodate varying lighting conditions. However, these solutions still have significant limitations: First, manual or mechanical adjustment methods cannot achieve real-time, precise control of the light environment, making it difficult to meet the complex and ever-changing lighting requirements of tunnel entrances and exits. Second, these solutions fail to fully consider the impact of road curvature and slope on the sunshade's structural design, resulting in limited effectiveness in practical applications.

[0005] Furthermore, existing sunshade awning designs are often simplistic, lacking systematic consideration of driver vision guidance and curvature perception. Vision guidance systems are a crucial component of tunnel traffic safety. Through the appropriate placement of signs and markings, they can effectively guide the driver's line of sight and improve driving safety. However, existing vision guidance systems often utilize fixed reflective signs and road markings, which are unable to dynamically adjust to the specific geometric features of the tunnel's connecting areas, resulting in unsatisfactory results in practical applications.

[0006] In summary, the existing technology has the following major problems with the entrance and exit sunshades in the connecting areas of highway spiral tunnel groups: 1) It is impossible to adaptively adjust the internal light environment of the sunshade according to changes in external light; 2) The impact of road curvature and slope on the structural design of the sunshade is not fully considered; 3) There is a lack of effective sight induction and curvature perception systems, which leads to insufficient driver perception of speed and road geometric characteristics. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a sunshade shed at the entrance and exit of the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group, which can adaptively adjust the internal light environment according to changes in external light. At the same time, the structural angle and length of the sunshade shed are designed in combination with the curvature and slope of the road, thereby improving the driver's perception of speed, curvature and slope, thereby improving driving safety in the tunnel connecting area.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to construct a light-shielding canopy at the entrance and exit of the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group, wherein the highway spiral tunnel includes an exit section of a previous tunnel, a straight section of the connecting area, and an entrance section of a next tunnel, wherein the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel are curved sections, and the straight section of the connecting area is a straight section, and the light-shielding canopy includes a sight line induction device, an adaptive light sensing device, and an inclined curvature sensing device;

[0009] The adaptive photosensitivity adjustment device and the sight line induction device are respectively arranged on the top and side of the inclined curvature perception system device.

[0010] According to the above scheme, the length of the sunshade is between 20m and 200m, and the setting method of the sunshade is as follows:

[0011] The relationship model between the driver's vision recovery time and illumination at the entrance of the highway spiral tunnel group is:

[0012] T=0.0204*[E out -E in ] 0.6031

[0013] Where: T is the time required for the driver to recover his vision at the entrance of the highway spiral tunnel group (s), E out is the illuminance outside the tunnel (lux), E in is the illuminance inside the tunnel (lux);

[0014] The distance that the driver at the entrance of the highway spiral tunnel group travels within the time of vision recovery is:

[0015]

[0016] Where: V t Design speed for the tunnel;

[0017] The driver's stopping sight distance is:

[0018]

[0019] Where: v1 is the driving speed, which is 85% when the design speed is 120-80 km / h, 90% when the design speed is 60-40 km / h, and 100% when the design speed is 30-20 km / h; t is the braking reaction time, is the longitudinal friction coefficient between the road surface and the tire, i is the longitudinal slope of the road, which is positive for uphill and negative for downhill, and g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0020] The slope coefficient of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group is:

[0021]

[0022] Where: ΔL is the vertical height difference between the starting and ending points of the highway spiral tunnel connection area,

[0023] Δh is the horizontal distance between the starting and ending points of the highway spiral tunnel connection area.

[0024]

[0025] Where: S is the distance traveled by the driver at the entrance of the highway tunnel during the time it takes for vision to recover; S t is the driver's stopping sight distance; i is the slope coefficient of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group.

[0026] According to the above solution, the inclined curvature sensing device is a support structure, which includes arc-shaped columns and load-bearing columns. The arc-shaped columns are evenly arranged along the ground on both sides of the highway spiral tunnel. The load-bearing columns with the same structure are arranged at the eleventh arc-shaped column every ten arc-shaped columns. The arc-shaped columns and the load-bearing columns are evenly spaced at a ratio of 10:1 and are arranged along the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group.

[0027] A guardrail is arranged between adjacent arc-shaped columns. The guardrail is located on the ground of the highway spiral tunnel group. Two horizontally arranged horizontal bars are arranged on the upper part of the guardrail, and a longitudinal rod is arranged between the two horizontal bars.

[0028] According to the above scheme, the curved columns with different curvatures on the left and right sides of the road at the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group are evenly spaced 15 to 20 meters apart. The linear shape of the curved columns adopts a gentle curve, which changes continuously from the curvature of 0 starting from the upper end of the guardrail. The curvature of the curved columns follows the clothoid formula:

[0029]

[0030] Where: k is the curvature of the arc column; l is the arc length of the arc column; A is the clothoid parameter, and its value is given by A below 内 and A 外 The curvature k varies linearly with the arc length l, and the curvature increases with the increase of the arc length.

[0031] According to the above solution, when the curved columns are located in the straight section of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group, the connection points of the curved columns on the left and right sides are directly above the center line of the straight section of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group, and the curved columns on the left and right sides have a symmetrical structure;

[0032] When the arc-shaped column is located at the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group, the circle line parameter A of the arc-shaped column outside the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel is 外 The value of is always the clothoid parameter A of the curved column on the inner side of the curve 内 50% to 70% of the value, that is:

[0033] A 外 =a*A 内

[0034] Wherein, a∈(50%~70%), the curvature of the curved columns on the outer side of the curve at the same height from the ground is always greater than the curvature of the curved columns on the inner side of the curve, so that the intersection vertex of the two curved columns on the left and right is deviated to the inner side of the curve at an angle of 10~15°;

[0035] When the arc-shaped column is located at the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group, the circle line parameter A of the arc-shaped column on the inner side of the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel is 内 The value of changes according to the change of the curve radius, that is:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, the value of R is the value of the curve radius of the highway at that point;

[0038] A 外 =a*A 内

[0039] Wherein, a∈(50% to 70%), the value of the factor a changes with the change of the curve radius R. The smaller the curve radius R, the smaller the value of the factor a, that is, the smaller the curve curvature radius, the greater the difference in curvature change between the left and right curved columns, and the more the intersection point deviates to the inner side of the curve;

[0040] The longitudinal sections of the curved columns, which are arranged at the exit section of the upper tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group and are connected on the left and right, form an acute angle of 10 to 15 degrees with the perpendicular line of the center line of the road surface, and the apex of the acute angle is located on the outside of the curve; the intersection of the outer side of the curve of each of the curved columns connected on the left and right and the road surface is located at the rear end of the intersection of the inner side of the curve of the curved column and the road surface along the vehicle driving direction, and the distance is the product of the road width and tan15 degrees.

[0041] According to the above scheme, the adaptive light-sensing adjustment device includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a top sunshade, a double-layer nested retractable sunshade and an energy storage device;

[0042] The solar photovoltaic panel is located at the upper end of the intersection of the arc-shaped columns on both sides. The photovoltaic panel surface of the solar photovoltaic panel is perpendicular to the incident direction of sunlight. The solar photovoltaic panel is automatically rotated by a motor. The solar altitude angle calculation method is:

[0043]

[0044] Where: The geographical latitude of the location of the sunshade at the entrance and exit of the highway spiral tunnel connection area. is the geographical latitude of the sun's direct point;

[0045] The top shading plate is arranged between two adjacent arc-shaped columns and extends downward from the top by 10 to 12 meters;

[0046] The double-layer nested retractable sunshade is located on the side wall of the entire sunshade shed and has an inner and outer nested honeycomb structure. The longitudinal section of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade is a vertical regular hexagon.

[0047] According to the above scheme, the double-layer nested retractable sunshade includes a first rotating lifting shaft, a second rotating lifting shaft, an outer aluminum foil layer, an inner film layer and a light sensor; the first rotating lifting shaft is fixedly connected to the lower end of the top sunshade, the second rotating lifting shaft is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guardrail, the first rotating lifting shaft and the second rotating lifting shaft are respectively fixedly connected to the arc-shaped columns on the left and right sides, the outer aluminum foil layer is wound on the first rotating lifting shaft and controls the outer aluminum foil layer to retract from top to bottom, the inner film layer is wound on the second rotating lifting shaft and controls the inner film layer to retract from bottom to top, and the light sensor is arranged on the outer edge of the first rotating lifting shaft.

[0048] According to the above scheme, the double-layer nested retractable sunshade adjusts the ratio of the outer aluminum foil layer and the inner film layer according to the light intensity. The thickness ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer and the inner film layer exist in the following five working conditions:

[0049] 1) On a sunny day at noon between the Spring Equinox and the Autumn Equinox, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade at the exit section of the previous tunnel, the straight section of the connecting area, and the entrance section of the next tunnel are 9:1, 8:2, and 9:1, respectively;

[0050] 2) From the autumnal equinox to the spring equinox of the following year, at noon on a clear day, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade are 8:2, 7:3, and 8:2 at the exit section of the previous tunnel, the straight section of the connecting area, and the entrance section of the next tunnel, respectively;

[0051] 3) During a sunny daytime (not noon), the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade at the exit section of the previous tunnel, the straight section of the connecting area, and the entrance section of the next tunnel are 7:3, 6:4, and 7:3, respectively;

[0052] 4) When it is cloudy or evening or in bad weather with low visibility due to rain or fog, the ratio of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade is 2:8, 1:9, and 2:8 respectively at the exit section of the previous tunnel, the straight section of the connecting area, and the entrance section of the next tunnel;

[0053] 5) At night, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade in the previous tunnel exit section, the connecting area straight section, and the next tunnel entrance section are 1:9, 0:10, and 1:9, respectively.

[0054] According to the above scheme, the sight-guiding device includes a top reflective mark, a waistband dotted line and a curb stripe mark;

[0055] The top reflective marker is set at the intersection of the left and right arc-shaped columns. When the top reflective marker is located in a straight section in the sunshade, one is set for every other group of arc-shaped columns. When the distance to the next curve section is 5 to 8 meters, the top reflective marker is set at the top of each group of arc-shaped columns until it reaches 5 to 8 meters after the end of the curve section.

[0056] The dotted belt line is set in the transition area from the straight section to the curved section in the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group, and is in the shape of a dotted line. The dotted belt line is set on the arc-shaped column, and the height of the dotted belt line on the arc-shaped column is consistent with the top of the inner film layer. The dotted belt line includes a first induction mark and a second induction mark. The first induction mark and the second induction mark are both trapezoidal linear induction marks, and the length of the lower base of the second induction mark is equal to the length of the upper base of the first induction mark; when the dotted belt line is in the straight section, the tops of the first induction mark and the second induction mark are vertically stacked; when the dotted belt line is in the curved section, the first induction mark is located on the outside of the curve, and the second induction mark is located on the inside of the curve; the length of the lower base of the second induction mark is equal to the length of the upper base of the first induction mark;

[0057] The striped curb vertical markings are evenly spaced at the bottom of the curved column and the inner surface of the guardrail. The bottom of the striped curb vertical markings is flush with the ground and the top is 15 to 20 cm from the ground. The striped curb vertical markings include a first vertical marking and a second vertical marking. When the striped curb vertical markings are in a straight section, the shapes of the first vertical markings and the second vertical markings are symmetrical. When the striped curb vertical markings are in a curved section, the first vertical marking is located on the outside of the curve and the second vertical marking is located on the inside of the curve. The spacing between each stripe of the first vertical marking is 5 to 7 m, and the inclination angle is 25 to 30 degrees. The spacing between each reflective mark of each stripe of the second vertical marking is 1 to 3 m, and the inclination angle is 10 to 15 degrees.

[0058] The implementation of the highway spiral tunnel group connecting area entrance and exit sunshade shed of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0059] 1. This invention adapts to different external lighting conditions by adaptively adjusting the amount of light entering the sunshade. The double-layered, nested, retractable sunshade panels, located along the entire sidewall of the sunshade in the tunnel connection area, feature a nested honeycomb structure with a vertically arranged regular hexagonal cross-section. The inner layer is made of a light-transmitting, thin material, while the outer layer is a fully light-blocking aluminum foil. The double-layered, nested, retractable sunshade panels automatically adjust the ratio of the inner and outer layers to varying weather conditions, such as sunny, cloudy, rainy, foggy, and at night, thereby adjusting the brightness level. This prevents visual discomfort to the driver caused by sudden changes in light, significantly improving driving safety.

[0060] 2. The length of the sunshade in the present invention is adaptively designed according to the objective conditions of the location. The length of the sunshade is set in each highway spiral tunnel connection area based on parameters such as the stopping sight distance in the area, the distance required for the driver's vision to recover after experiencing changes in illumination at the tunnel entrance and exit, the slope coefficient, and the stopping sight distance. Combined with the parameters of the transition curve and the clothoid line, the sunshade can flexibly adapt to the different curvatures and slope changes in the connection areas of highway spiral tunnel groups, ensuring structural stability and aesthetics.

[0061] 3. The present invention designs a support structure and an inclined curvature sensing system based on road curvature and slope, assisting drivers in better perceiving changes in speed, curvature, and slope. The curved columns are a composite structure consisting of two curves, one on the left and one on the right. Their linear shape adopts a gentle curve, i.e., a curve with continuously increasing curvature from the upper end of the guardrail to the top of the sunshade. When the curved columns are located in the curve section of the highway spiral tunnel connecting area, the curvature of the curved columns on the outside of the curve is always greater than the curvature of the curved columns on the inside of the curve at the same height above the ground, so that the intersection of the left and right curved columns is tilted toward the inside of the curve at an angle of 10 to 15 degrees. The smaller the curve curvature radius, the greater the difference in curvature change between the left and right curved columns, and the more their intersection point is tilted toward the inside of the curve.

[0062] 4. The present invention designs a sight-guiding system that conforms to the law of visual illusion to improve the driving guidance effect. Through the sight-guiding system such as the top reflective mark, the belt dotted line and the curb stripe marking, the sunshade can effectively guide the driver's sight, especially in the curve section and transition area, to improve the driving guidance effect and road traffic efficiency. The top reflective mark is located on the inner side of the sunshade, at the intersection of the left and right arc-shaped columns. The setting frequency in the curve section is less than that in the straight section, which improves the driver's speed perception; each section of the dotted belt line is trapezoidal in shape, with the upper bottom direction of the trapezoid facing the direction of vehicle travel, wherein the length of the lower bottom of the trapezoid on the inner side of the curve is equal to the length of the upper bottom of the trapezoid on the outer side of the curve, which enhances the driver's slope perception; the striped curb facade marking is set in the curve section of the sunshade, and the bottom of the vertical stripe of the curb facade marking is tilted from the end to the driving direction. The driver's slope perception is enhanced by adjusting the spacing and inclination angle of the vertical stripes inside and outside the curve;

[0063] 5. This invention utilizes electrical energy devices based on sunlight patterns, achieving energy conservation, environmental protection, and reduced operating costs. The sunshade is equipped with solar photovoltaic panels and energy storage devices. The solar photovoltaic panels at the top of the sunshade's exterior change orientation according to the direction of sunlight, fully utilizing solar energy resources and reducing tunnel lighting energy consumption. This aligns with environmental protection concepts while also reducing long-term operating costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0065] Figure 1 It is an isometric drawing of the entrance and exit sunshades of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the sunshade shed at the entrance and exit of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 This is a front view structural rendering of the sunshade shed at the entrance and exit of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the dotted structure of the trapezoidal waist belt of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the curb elevation marking structure of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a highway spiral tunnel according to the present invention;

[0072] In the figure: 1. Exit section of the previous tunnel, 2. Straight section of the connecting area, 3. Entrance section of the next tunnel, 4. Curved column, 5. Load-bearing column, 6. Guardrail, 7. Horizontal bar, 8. Vertical bar, 9. Double-layer nested retractable sunshade, 901. First rotating lifting axis, 902. Second rotating lifting axis, 903. Outer aluminum foil layer, 904. Inner film layer, 905. Light sensor, 10. Top sunshade, 11. Solar photovoltaic panel, 12. Top reflective marker, 13. Dotted belt line, 1301. First guide sign, 1302. Second guide sign, 14. Striped curb elevation mark, 1401. First elevation mark, 1402. Second elevation mark. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0074] like Figure 1-7 As shown, the present invention provides a light-shielding canopy at the entrance and exit of the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group. The highway spiral tunnel includes a previous tunnel exit section 1, a connecting area straight section 2, and a next tunnel entrance section 3. The previous tunnel exit section 1 and the next tunnel entrance section 3 are curved sections, and the connecting area straight section 2 is a straight section. The light-shielding canopy includes a sight-guiding device, an adaptive light-sensing adjustment device, and an inclined curvature sensing device. The adaptive light-sensing adjustment device and the sight-guiding device are arranged on the top and side of the inclined curvature sensing device. The length of the light-shielding canopy varies according to certain rules based on considerations of road length, stopping sight distance, driver vision recovery time, and slope coefficient. The length of the light-shielding canopy ranges from 20m to 200m. The light-shielding canopy is set as follows:

[0075] The relationship model between the driver's vision recovery time and illumination at the entrance of a highway spiral tunnel group is:

[0076] T=0.0204*[E out -E in ] 0.6031

[0077] Where: T is the time required for the driver's vision to recover at the entrance of the highway spiral tunnel group (s),

[0078] E out is the illuminance outside the tunnel (lux),

[0079] E in is the illuminance inside the tunnel (lux);

[0080] The distance that drivers at the entrance of the highway spiral tunnel group travel within the time it takes for their vision to recover is:

[0081]

[0082] Where: V t Design speed for the tunnel;

[0083] The driver's stopping sight distance is:

[0084]

[0085] Where: v1 is the driving speed, which is 85% when the design speed is 120-80 km / h, 90% when the design speed is 60-40 km / h, and 100% when the design speed is 30-20 km / h;

[0086] t is the braking reaction time,

[0087] is the longitudinal friction coefficient between the road surface and the tire,

[0088] i is the longitudinal slope of the road, with uphill being positive and downhill being negative.

[0089] g is the acceleration due to gravity;

[0090] The slope coefficient of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group is:

[0091]

[0092] Where: ΔL is the vertical height difference between the starting and ending points of the highway spiral tunnel connection area,

[0093] Δh is the horizontal distance between the starting and ending points of the highway spiral tunnel connection area.

[0094]

[0095] Where: S is the distance traveled by the driver at the entrance of the highway tunnel within the time it takes for vision to recover;

[0096] S t Stopping sight distance for drivers;

[0097] i is the slope coefficient of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inclined curvature sensing device is a supporting structure, which includes arc-shaped columns 4 and load-bearing columns 5; the arc-shaped columns 4 are evenly arranged on the ground on both sides of the highway spiral tunnel, and a load-bearing column 5 with the same structure is arranged on the eleventh arc-shaped column 4 for every ten arc-shaped columns 4. The arc-shaped columns 4 and the load-bearing columns 5 are evenly spaced at a ratio of 10:1 and are arranged in multiple numbers along the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group; a guardrail 6 is arranged between adjacent arc-shaped columns 4, and the guardrail 6 is located on the ground of the highway spiral tunnel group. Two horizontal bars 7 are arranged on the upper part of the guardrail 6, and a longitudinal rod 8 is arranged between the two horizontal bars 7.

[0099] Curved columns 4 with different curvatures are evenly spaced 15 to 20 meters apart on the left and right sides of the road at the exit section 1 of the previous tunnel and the entrance section 3 of the next tunnel in the highway spiral tunnel group. The curved columns 4 are a composite structure composed of two curves on the left and right sides. Their linear shape adopts a transition curve, that is, a curve with continuously increasing curvature from the upper end of the guardrail 6 to the top of the sunshade. The transition curve of the curved columns 4 adopts a clothoid curve. Starting from the upper end of the guardrail 6, the curvature continuously changes from zero. The curvature of the curved columns 4 follows the clothoid curve formula:

[0100]

[0101] Wherein: k is the curvature of the arc column;

[0102] l is the arc length of the arc-shaped column;

[0103] A is the clothoid parameter, and its value is given by 内 and A 外 The value of is determined;

[0104] Among them, the curvature k changes linearly with the arc length l, and the curvature increases with the increase of arc length.

[0105] is the clothoid parameter, measured in meters. For a transition curve, it is a constant. A larger A indicates a slower change in curvature and a slower turn; a smaller A indicates a faster change in curvature and a sharper turn.

[0106] When the curved columns 4 are in the straight section 2 of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group, the connection points of the curved columns 4 on the left and right sides are just above the center line of the straight section 2 of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group, and the curved columns 4 on the left and right sides have a symmetrical structure.

[0107] When the curved column 4 is located at the exit section 1 of the previous tunnel and the entrance section 3 of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group, the circle line parameter A of the curved column 4 on the outside of the curve is 外 The value of is always the clothoid parameter A of the curved column 4 on the inner side of the curve内 50% to 70% of the value, that is:

[0108] A 外 =a*A 内

[0109] Among them, a∈(50%~70%), the curvature of the curved column 4 on the outer side of the curve at the same height from the ground is always greater than the curvature of the curved column 4 on the inner side of the curve, so that the intersection vertex of the left and right curved columns 4 is deviated to the inner side of the curve at an angle of 10~15°.

[0110] When the curved column 4 is located at the exit section 1 of the previous tunnel and the entrance section 3 of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group, the circle line parameter A of the curved column 4 on the inner side of the curve is 内 The value of changes according to the change of the curve radius, that is:

[0111]

[0112] Among them, the value of R is the value of the curve radius of the highway at that point;

[0113] A 外 =a*A 内

[0114] Wherein, a∈(50% to 70%), the value of the factor a changes with the change of the curve radius R. The smaller the curve radius R, the smaller the value of the factor a, that is, the smaller the curve curvature radius, the greater the difference in curvature change between the left and right arc-shaped columns 4, and the more the intersection point deviates to the inner side of the curve;

[0115] The longitudinal sections of the curved columns 4, which are arranged at the exit section 1 of the previous tunnel and the entrance section 3 of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group, form an acute angle of 10 to 15 degrees with the perpendicular line of the road surface centerline, and the apex of the acute angle is located on the outside of the curve; the intersection of the outer side of the curve of each of the curved columns 4 connected to the left and right and the road surface is located at the rear end of the intersection of the inner side of the curve of the curved column 4 and the road surface along the vehicle travel direction, and the distance is the product of the road width and tan15 degrees.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adaptive photosensitivity adjustment device includes a solar photovoltaic panel 11, a top sunshade 10, a double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 and an energy storage device.

[0117] The solar photovoltaic panel 11 is located at the upper end of the intersection of the arc-shaped columns 4 on both sides. The angle of the solar photovoltaic panel 11 changes with the change of the solar altitude angle. The photovoltaic panel surface of the solar photovoltaic panel 11 is perpendicular to the incident direction of sunlight. The solar photovoltaic panel 11 rotates automatically by the motor control. The solar altitude angle is calculated as follows:

[0118]

[0119] Where: The geographical latitude of the location of the sunshade at the entrance and exit of the highway spiral tunnel connection area.

[0120] is the geographical latitude of the sun's direct point;

[0121] The top sunshade 10 is stuck between two adjacent arc-shaped columns 4 and extends 10 to 12 meters downward from the top; the double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 is located on the side wall of the entire sunshade shed and has an internal and external nested honeycomb structure. The longitudinal section of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 is a vertical regular hexagon.

[0122] The double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 includes a rotating lifting shaft 901, a second rotating lifting shaft 902, an outer aluminum foil layer 903, an inner film layer 904 and a light sensor 905; the first rotating lifting shaft 901 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the top sunshade 10, the second rotating lifting shaft 902 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guardrail 6, and the two sides of the first rotating lifting shaft 901 and the second rotating lifting shaft 902 are respectively fixedly connected to the arc-shaped columns 4 on the left and right sides, the outer aluminum foil layer 903 is wound on the first rotating lifting shaft 901 and controls the outer aluminum foil layer 903 to retract from top to bottom, the inner film layer 904 is wound on the second rotating lifting shaft 902 and controls the inner film layer to retract from bottom to top, and the light sensor 905 is arranged on the outer edge of the first rotating lifting shaft 901.

[0123] The double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 adjusts the ratio of the outer aluminum foil layer 903 and the inner film layer 904 according to the light intensity. The thickness ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer 903 and the inner film layer 904 exist in the following five working conditions:

[0124] 1) On a sunny day at noon between the Spring Equinox and the Autumn Equinox, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer and the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 at the exit section 1 of the previous tunnel, the straight section 2 of the connecting area, and the entrance section 3 of the next tunnel are 9:1, 8:2, and 9:1, respectively;

[0125] 2) From the autumnal equinox to the spring equinox of the following year, at noon on a clear day, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 at the exit section 1 of the previous tunnel, the straight section 2 of the connecting area, and the entrance section 3 of the next tunnel are 8:2, 7:3, and 8:2, respectively;

[0126] 3) During a sunny day and not at noon, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 at the exit section 1 of the previous tunnel, the straight section 2 of the connecting area, and the entrance section 3 of the next tunnel are 7:3, 6:4, and 7:3, respectively;

[0127] 4) When it is cloudy or evening or in bad weather with low visibility due to rain or fog, the ratio of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 in the previous tunnel exit section 1, the connecting area straight section 2, and the next tunnel entrance section 3 are 2:8, 1:9, and 2:8 respectively;

[0128] 5) At night, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade 9 in the previous tunnel exit section 1, the connecting area straight section 2, and the next tunnel entrance section 3 are 1:9, 0:10, and 1:9 respectively.

[0129] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sightline guidance device includes a top reflective marker 1210, a dotted waistband line 8, and a curb stripe marking 9. The top reflective marker 12 is located at the intersection of the left and right curved columns 4 on the inside of the sunshade. When the top reflective marker 12 is located within the straight section 2 of the sunshade, one is installed at every other set of curved columns 4. Starting 5-8 meters from the next curve, the top reflective marker 12 is installed at the top of every set of curved columns 4, continuing 5-8 meters after the curve ends.

[0130] The top reflective marker 12 is set at the intersection of the left and right arc-shaped columns 4;

[0131] The dotted belt line 13 is set in the transition zone from the straight section of the connecting area to the next tunnel entrance section in the highway spiral tunnel group. The dotted belt line 13 is in the shape of a dotted line and is continuously set on the arc-shaped column that transitions from the curve section of the exit section 1 of the previous tunnel to the straight section 2 of the connecting area. The height of the dotted belt line 13 at the arc-shaped column 4 is consistent with the top of the inner layer film 904. The dotted belt line 13 includes a first guide mark 1301 and a second guide mark 1302. The first guide mark 1301 and the second guide mark 1302 are both It is a trapezoidal linear guide mark, and the length of the lower base of the second guide mark 1302 is equal to the length of the upper base of the first guide mark 1301; when the dotted belt line 13 is in a straight section, the tops of the first guide mark 1301 and the second guide mark 1302 are stacked vertically; when the dotted belt line 13 is in a curved section, the first guide mark 1301 is located on the outside of the curve, and the second guide mark 1302 is located on the inside of the curve; the length of the lower base of the second guide mark 132 is equal to the length of the upper base of the first guide mark 1301.

[0132] The striped curb vertical markers 14 are evenly spaced at the bottom of the curved column and the inner surface of the guardrail. The bottom of the striped curb vertical marker 14 is flush with the ground and the top is 15 to 20 cm from the ground. The striped curb vertical marker 14 includes a first vertical marker 1401 and a second vertical marker 1402. When the striped curb vertical marker 14 is in a straight section, the first vertical marker 1401 and the second vertical marker 1402 are symmetrical in shape. When the striped curb vertical marker 14 is in a curved section, the first vertical marker 1401 is located on the outside of the curve and the second vertical marker 1402 is located on the inside of the curve. The spacing between each stripe of the first vertical marker 1401 is 5 to 7 meters, and the inclination angle is 25 to 30 degrees. The spacing between each reflective stripe of the second vertical marker 1402 is 1 to 3 meters, and the inclination angle is 10 to 15 degrees.

[0133] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A sunshade at the entrance and exit of a connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group, wherein the highway spiral tunnel comprises an exit section of a previous tunnel, a straight section of a connecting area, and an entrance section of a next tunnel, wherein the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel are curved sections, and the straight section of the connecting area is a straight section, characterized in that: The sunshade awning includes a sight line induction device, an adaptive light-sensing adjustment device and an inclined curvature sensing device; The adaptive photosensitivity adjustment device and the sight line induction device are respectively arranged on the top and side of the inclined curvature perception system device.

2. The entrance and exit sunshade shed at the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the sunshade is between 20m and 200m, and the setting method of the sunshade is as follows: The relationship model between the driver's vision recovery time and illumination at the entrance of the highway spiral tunnel group is: Where: The time required for the driver's vision to recover at the entrance of the highway spiral tunnel group ( ), is the illumination outside the tunnel ( ), is the illumination inside the tunnel ( ); The distance that the driver at the entrance of the highway spiral tunnel group travels within the time of vision recovery is: Where: Design speed for the tunnel; The driver's stopping sight distance is: Where: is the driving speed, which is 85% when the design speed is 120-80 km / h, 90% when the design speed is 60-40 km / h, and 100% when the design speed is 30-20 km / h; is the braking reaction time, is the longitudinal friction coefficient between the road surface and the tire, is the longitudinal slope of the highway, with upslope being positive and downslope being negative. is the acceleration due to gravity; The slope coefficient of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group is: Where: is the vertical height difference between the starting and ending points of the highway spiral tunnel connection area, is the horizontal distance between the starting and ending points of the highway spiral tunnel connection area. The length of each section of the entrance and exit sunshade awning in the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group = , Where: The distance traveled by the driver at the entrance of a highway tunnel during the time it takes for vision to recover; Stopping sight distance for drivers; is the slope coefficient of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group.

3. The entrance and exit sunshade shed at the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined curvature sensing device is a support structure, comprising arc-shaped columns and load-bearing columns; the arc-shaped columns are evenly arranged along the ground on both sides of the highway spiral tunnel, and a load-bearing column having the same structure is arranged at the eleventh arc-shaped column after every ten arc-shaped columns, and a plurality of arc-shaped columns and load-bearing columns are evenly spaced at a ratio of 10:1 along the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group; A guardrail is arranged between adjacent arc-shaped columns. The guardrail is located on the ground of the highway spiral tunnel group. Two horizontally arranged horizontal bars are arranged on the upper part of the guardrail, and a longitudinal rod is arranged between the two horizontal bars.

4. The entrance and exit sunshade shed of the highway spiral tunnel group connection area according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The curved columns with different curvatures are arranged on the left and right sides of the road at the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group, and are evenly spaced 15 to 20 meters apart. The linear shape of the curved columns adopts a gentle curve, and changes continuously from the curvature of 0 starting from the upper end of the guardrail. The curvature of the curved columns follows the clothoid formula: Where: is the curvature of the arc-shaped column; is the arc length of the arc-shaped column; is the clothoid parameter, and its value is given by and The curvature k varies linearly with the arc length l, and the curvature increases with the increase of the arc length.

5. The entrance and exit sunshade shed of the highway spiral tunnel group connection area according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the curved columns are located in the straight section of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group, the connection points of the curved columns on the left and right sides are directly above the center line of the straight section of the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group, and the curved columns on the left and right sides are symmetrically structured; When the arc-shaped column is located at the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group, the circle line parameters of the arc-shaped column outside the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel are The value of is always the clothoid parameter of the curved column on the inner side of the curve 50%~70% of the value, that is: in, The curvature of the curved columns on the outside of the curve at the same height from the ground is always greater than the curvature of the curved columns on the inside of the curve, so that the intersection of the two curved columns on the left and right is deviated to the inside of the curve at an angle of 10 to 15 degrees; When the arc-shaped column is located at the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group, the circle line parameters of the arc-shaped column on the inner side of the exit section of the previous tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel are The value of changes according to the change of the curve radius, that is: in, The value of is the radius of the highway curve at that point; in, , factor The value follows the curve radius The curve radius varies with the change of The smaller the factor The smaller the value of , that is, the smaller the curvature radius of the curve, the greater the difference in curvature change between the left and right arc-shaped columns, and the more the intersection point is biased towards the inside of the curve; The longitudinal sections of the curved columns, which are arranged at the exit section of the upper tunnel and the entrance section of the next tunnel of the highway spiral tunnel group and are connected on the left and right, form an acute angle of 10 to 15 degrees with the perpendicular line of the center line of the road surface, and the apex of the acute angle is located on the outside of the curve; the intersection of the outer side of the curve of each of the curved columns connected on the left and right and the road surface is located at the rear end of the intersection of the inner side of the curve of the curved column and the road surface along the vehicle driving direction, and the distance is the product of the road width and tan15 degrees.

6. The entrance and exit sunshade shed at the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive light-sensing adjustment device includes a solar photovoltaic panel, a top sunshade, a double-layer nested retractable sunshade and an electric energy storage device; The solar photovoltaic panel is located at the upper end of the intersection of the arc-shaped columns on both sides. The photovoltaic panel surface of the solar photovoltaic panel is perpendicular to the incident direction of sunlight. The solar photovoltaic panel is automatically rotated by a motor. The solar altitude angle calculation method is: Where: The geographical latitude of the location of the sunshade at the entrance and exit of the highway spiral tunnel connection area. is the geographical latitude of the sun's direct point; The top shading plate is located between two adjacent arc-shaped columns and extends 10 to 12 meters downward from the top. The double-layer nested retractable sunshade is located on the side wall of the entire sunshade shed and has an inner and outer nested honeycomb structure. The longitudinal section of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade is a vertical regular hexagon.

7. The entrance and exit sunshade shed at the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group according to claim 4, characterized in that: The double-layer nested retractable sunshade includes a first rotating lifting shaft, a second rotating lifting shaft, an outer aluminum foil layer, an inner film layer and a light sensor; the first rotating lifting shaft is fixedly connected to the lower end of the top sunshade, the second rotating lifting shaft is fixedly connected to the upper end of the guardrail, the first rotating lifting shaft and the second rotating lifting shaft are respectively fixedly connected to the arc-shaped columns on the left and right sides, the outer aluminum foil layer is wound on the first rotating lifting shaft and controls the outer aluminum foil layer to retract from top to bottom, the inner film layer is wound on the second rotating lifting shaft and controls the inner film layer to retract from bottom to top, and the light sensor is arranged on the outer edge of the first rotating lifting shaft.

8. The entrance and exit sunshade shed at the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group according to claim 5, characterized in that: The double-layer nested retractable sunshade adjusts the ratio of the outer aluminum foil layer and the inner film layer according to the light intensity. The thickness ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer and the inner film layer exist in the following five working conditions: 1) On a sunny day at noon between the Spring Equinox and the Autumn Equinox, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade at the exit section of the previous tunnel, the straight section of the connecting area, and the entrance section of the next tunnel are 9:1, 8:2, and 9:1, respectively; 2) From the autumnal equinox to the spring equinox of the following year, at noon on a clear day, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade are 8:2, 7:3, and 8:2 at the exit section of the previous tunnel, the straight section of the connecting area, and the entrance section of the next tunnel, respectively; 3) During a sunny day and not at noon, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade at the exit section of the previous tunnel, the straight section of the connecting area, and the entrance section of the next tunnel are 7:3, 6:4, and 7:3, respectively; 4) When it is cloudy, evening, or in inclement weather with low visibility due to rain or fog, the ratio of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade is 2:8, 1:9, and 2:8 respectively at the exit section of the previous tunnel, the straight section of the connecting area, and the entrance section of the next tunnel; 5) At night, the ratios of the outer aluminum foil layer to the inner film layer of the double-layer nested retractable sunshade in the previous tunnel exit section, the connecting area straight section, and the next tunnel entrance section are 1:9, 0:10, and 1:9, respectively.

9. The entrance and exit sunshade shed at the connecting area of ​​a highway spiral tunnel group according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sight-guiding device includes a top reflective mark, a waistband dotted line and a curb stripe mark; The top reflective marker is set at the intersection of the left and right arc-shaped columns. When the top reflective marker is located in a straight section in the sunshade, one is set for every other group of arc-shaped columns. When the distance to the next curve section is 5 to 8 meters, the top reflective marker is set at the top of each group of arc-shaped columns until it is 5 to 8 meters after the end of the curve section. The dotted belt line is set in the transition area from the straight section to the curved section in the connecting area of ​​the highway spiral tunnel group, and is in the shape of a dotted line. The dotted belt line is set on the arc-shaped column, and the height of the dotted belt line on the arc-shaped column is consistent with the top of the inner film layer. The dotted belt line includes a first induction mark and a second induction mark. The first induction mark and the second induction mark are both trapezoidal linear induction marks, and the length of the lower base of the second induction mark is equal to the length of the upper base of the first induction mark; when the dotted belt line is in the straight section, the tops of the first induction mark and the second induction mark are vertically stacked; when the dotted belt line is in the curved section, the first induction mark is located on the outside of the curve, and the second induction mark is located on the inside of the curve; the length of the lower base of the second induction mark is equal to the length of the upper base of the first induction mark; The striped curb elevation markings are evenly spaced at the bottom of the curved column and the inner surface of the guardrail, with the bottom of the striped curb elevation marking flush with the ground and the top 15 to 20 cm above the ground; the striped curb elevation markings include a first elevation marking and a second elevation marking; When the striped curb vertical marker is in a straight section, the shapes of the first vertical marker and the second vertical marker are symmetrical; when the striped curb vertical marker is in a curved section, the first vertical marker is located on the outside of the curve and the second vertical marker is located on the inside of the curve. The spacing between each stripe of the first vertical marker is 5-7m, and the inclination angle is 25~30°. The spacing between each reflective stripe of the second vertical marker is 1-3m, and the inclination angle is 10~15°.

Images