Bulletproof structure and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a bulletproof structure and a preparation process thereof. The bulletproof structure comprises a ceramic layer plate, a titanium alloy layer plate, an aramid fiber layer plate, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate and a honeycomb heterogeneous anti-impact layer which are sequentially stacked, the ceramic layer plate and the titanium alloy layer plate, the titanium alloy layer plate and the aramid fiber layer plate, and the aramid fiber layer plate and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate are connected through a large-surface-density polyurethane resin adhesive film; wherein the ceramic laminate is made of nano modified B4C ceramic or nano modified TiB2 ceramic. The impact resistance of the base body can be improved, incoming projectiles are partially eroded and decomposed in the residence stage of the ceramic plate, then a large number of cracks are formed on the surfaces, conical fracture failure is achieved, bullet energy is decomposed greatly, the projectiles are eroded to deform and break, high temperature of combustion of the projectiles is blocked, and the impact resistance of the ceramic plate is improved especially for large-momentum and high-invasion-force projectiles. The invention particularly relates to a 12.7 mm armor-piercing combustion bomb and a kinetic energy warhead below.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of protection technology, and in particular to a bulletproof structure and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] As protective equipment for equipment, personnel, and buildings, bulletproof structures can provide efficient ballistic protection. An excellent type of bulletproof equipment can effectively absorb or decompose bullet energy, prevent ballistic penetration, and control bullet hole height. However, at this stage, the battlefield environment is complex, and a large number of high-speed, high-penetration kinetic weapons have been introduced into the battlefield, resulting in a sharp decline in the protective capability of single-medium bulletproof equipment, and the lives of combatants are greatly threatened.

[0003] In existing technologies, in battlefield environments, high-momentum warheads pose a great threat to the safety of combatants, and existing bulletproof equipment has poor protective adaptability when facing different scenarios, making it difficult to effectively ensure the safety of combatants' lives. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a bulletproof structure and a preparation process thereof to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a bulletproof structure comprising a ceramic layer, a titanium alloy layer, an aramid layer, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer, and a honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer stacked in sequence;

[0006] The ceramic layer plate and the titanium alloy layer plate, the titanium alloy layer plate and the aramid layer plate, and the aramid layer plate and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate are all connected by a high surface density polyurethane resin film;

[0007] Wherein, the ceramic layer plate is nano-modified B4C ceramic or nano-modified TiB2 ceramic.

[0008] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: through the organic combination of ceramic layers, titanium alloy layers, aramid layers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layers and honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layers, and by using nanoparticles in nano-modified B4C or nano-modified TiB2 ceramics, the ceramics can produce a nano-effect, a large number of secondary interfaces and microcracks in the B4C or TiB2 matrix grains, and the crystal structure is further refined. At the same time, the thermoelastic mismatch between the nanoparticles and the matrix grains can be achieved, which can induce transgranular fracture, increase energy dissipation, strengthen the main grain boundaries, and improve the impact resistance of the matrix. The incoming projectile is partially eroded and decomposed during the residence stage of the ceramic plate, and then a large number of cracks are formed on the surface and fail through conical fracture, which decomposes a large amount of warhead energy, erodes the warhead and causes it to deform and break, and blocks the high-temperature combustion of the warhead. The titanium alloy layer can transmit shock waves over a large area, which causes the warhead to generate bending loads during the penetration process, causing further fragmentation or instability of the warhead, and increasing the energy consumption of warhead decomposition. The aramid layer can efficiently absorb the energy of the projectile and reduce the height of the bullet mark. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer can effectively slow down or eliminate hot melt damage. The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer deforms rapidly under impact and absorbs energy. After the impact is offset, it can quickly recover its deformation, especially for large-momentum, high-penetration warheads, especially 12.7mm armor-piercing incendiary bullets and below kinetic energy warheads.

[0009] Furthermore, the titanium alloy layer plate includes a lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate and an equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the aramid laminate is composed of several groups of basic structural aramid orthogonal non-woven prepregs.

[0011] Furthermore, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is composed of multiple layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene free-weft prepreg.

[0012] Furthermore, the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer is composed of multiple layers of editable non-directional spatial three-dimensional structure.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a process for preparing a bullet-proof structure, which is used to prepare the above-mentioned bullet-proof structure, comprising:

[0014] A ceramic layer, a titanium alloy layer, an aramid layer, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer and a honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer are stacked in sequence, wherein the ceramic layer is a nano-modified B4C ceramic or a nano-modified TiB2 ceramic;

[0015] Filling a high surface density polyurethane resin film between the ceramic layer and the titanium alloy layer, between the titanium alloy layer and the aramid layer, and between the aramid layer and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer to obtain a preliminary bulletproof structure;

[0016] The preliminary bullet-proof structure is treated under preset temperature and preset pressure conditions for a preset time to obtain a bullet-proof structure.

[0017] Furthermore, the preset time is 17 minutes to 23 minutes, the preset temperature is 122° C. to 128° C., and the preset pressure is 1.1 MPa to 1.3 MPa.

[0018] Furthermore, the surface density of the high surface density polyurethane resin film is 195g / m 2 ~205g / m 2 The heat-sealing temperature of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film is 80°C to 120°C, the heat-sealing pressure of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film is 0.8Mpa to 20Mpa, and the heat-sealing time of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film is 10min to 30min.

[0019] Furthermore, the ceramic layer plate is prepared by a hot isostatic pressing process, the nanophase in the nano-modified B4C ceramic and the nano-modified TiB2 ceramic is TiC or MoB2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 10nm to 20nm, the sintering conditions of the hot isostatic pressing process are vacuum, the sintering temperature of the hot isostatic pressing process is 1915℃ to 1945℃, the sintering pressure of the hot isostatic pressing process is 5.9Mpa to 6.1Mpa, and the holding time of the hot isostatic pressing process is 29min to 31min.

[0020] Furthermore, the titanium alloy layer plate includes a lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate and an equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate, and the lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate and the equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate are combined into the titanium alloy layer plate by high-temperature thermal diffusion;

[0021] The aramid laminate is composed of several groups of basic structural aramid orthogonal flat prepregs, which are composed of two layers of flat fabric interlaced at 90 degrees and are formed by mold hot pressing. The conditions for the mold hot pressing of the aramid laminate are mold hot pressing, the mold hot pressing temperature of the aramid laminate is 145°C to 155°C, the mold hot pressing pressure of the aramid laminate is 14.8Mpa to 15.2Mpa, and the mold hot pressing holding time of the aramid laminate is 29min to 31min.

[0022] The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminate is composed of multiple layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene weftless prepreg, which is composed of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers impregnated with vinyl ester and formed by hot pressing with a mold. The surface density is 110g / m 2The sintering conditions of the mold hot pressing molding of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer are mold hot pressing, the temperature of the mold hot pressing molding of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is 120° C. to 130° C., the pressure of the mold hot pressing molding of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is 14.8 MPa to 15.2 MPa, and the holding time of the mold hot pressing molding of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is 69 min to 71 min;

[0023] The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer is composed of a multi-layer editable non-directional spatial three-dimensional structure, and the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer has a plurality of polygonal and multi-faceted three-dimensional structures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a bulletproof structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the impact sequence of the bullet-proof structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the titanium alloy layer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the aramid layer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer in an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the process scheme of the bulletproof structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 2 is a front view of a bulletproof structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 2 is a side view of the bulletproof structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Description of main component symbols:

[0035] 10. Ceramic laminate;

[0036] 20. Titanium alloy layer plate; 21. Lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate; 22. Equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate;

[0037] 30. Aramid laminate;

[0038] 40. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminate;

[0039] 50. Honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer;

[0040] 60. High surface density polyurethane resin film.

[0041] The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with the above-mentioned drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an intermediate element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0045] See also Figures 1 to 10 , shown is a bulletproof structure in an embodiment of the present invention, including a ceramic layer 10, a titanium alloy layer 20, an aramid layer 30, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 and a honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 stacked in sequence.

[0046] The ceramic layer plate 10 and the titanium alloy layer plate 20, the titanium alloy layer plate 20 and the aramid layer plate 30, and the aramid layer plate 30 and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate 40 are all connected by a high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60, wherein the ceramic layer plate 10 is nano-modified B4C ceramic or nano-modified TiB2 ceramic. In this embodiment, the ceramic layer plate 10 is made of nano-modified TiB2 ceramic.

[0047] It should be explained that the order of the bullet-proof structure of the present invention is ceramic layer 10 - titanium alloy layer 20 - aramid layer 30 - ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40. If the order of the bullet-proof structure is changed, the responsive bulletproof effect cannot be produced.

[0048] It should be noted that the high-hardness and high-strength ceramic layer 10 can effectively resist the high-temperature melting effect of the armor-piercing incendiary warhead. At the same time, during its penetration process, the warhead will undergo large deformation or even break, rapidly consuming the warhead's kinetic energy; the titanium alloy layer 20 can resist high-temperature penetration, quickly spread the shock wave to a larger range, further consuming the warhead's energy; and transfer the impact energy to the aramid layer 30 within a larger range. Aramid has heat resistance and high stiffness characteristics, which can effectively reduce the height of the bullet mark formed by the impact; the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 has high toughness, quickly absorbs the energy at the end of the impact through tensile deformation, and captures fragments ejected from the front layer in the direction of the impact to prevent secondary damage.

[0049] The nano-modified B4C ceramic or nano-modified TiB2 ceramic in the first layer, in which TiC or MoB2 nanoparticles are dispersed in the B4C or TiB2 ceramic crystals and grain boundaries, the nanoparticles make the ceramic produce a nano-effect, generate a large number of secondary interfaces and microcracks in the B4C or TiB2 matrix grains, and further refine the crystal structure. At the same time, the thermoelastic mismatch between the nanoparticles and the matrix grains can induce transgranular fracture, increase energy dissipation, and strengthen the main grain boundaries to improve the impact resistance of the matrix. The incoming projectile is partially eroded and decomposed during the residence stage of the ceramic plate, and then a large number of cracks are formed on the surface and fail through conical fracture, which decomposes a large amount of warhead energy, erodes the warhead and causes it to deform and fragment, and blocks the high-temperature combustion of the warhead.

[0050] The second-layer titanium alloy plate 20 transmits shock waves over a wide area. The equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22 exhibits excellent high-temperature resistance, preventing thermal failure of the metal at high temperatures. The lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate 21 has a good balance of strength and toughness, maximizing impact energy loss. It possesses the high specific strength, high fracture toughness, and excellent fatigue resistance characteristic of laminated alloys, while avoiding the inefficient impact energy dissipation common in monolithic metal materials, such as plugging and dishing. Furthermore, the uniform distribution of micropores on the surface of the equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22 creates an asymmetric load on the penetrating projectile, resulting in a bending load on the warhead during penetration, further fragmenting or destabilizing the warhead and increasing the energy consumption of its decomposition.

[0051] The aramid layer 30 in the third layer has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, high modulus and high strength. It can cope with the high temperature erosion of the bullet and provide high temperature protection for the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 at the rear end. At the same time, the unique four-way orthogonal basic stacking structure design amplifies the fiber's multi-channel load-bearing and multi-directional shock wave transmission capabilities. The structure also has high strength and high modulus characteristics, enabling this layer to efficiently absorb projectile energy through fiber breakage, fiber stretching, interlayer delamination, etc., thereby reducing the bullet mark height.

[0052] The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 located in the fourth layer has a low surface density, which can effectively reduce the mass of the system. It has high breaking strength and is combined with the circumferential angle laying method, which can enable the layer to exert multi-channel tensile properties and efficiently consume impact energy. At the same time, since the material has poor resistance to hot melt damage, placing it in the fourth layer can effectively slow down or eliminate hot melt damage.

[0053] The fifth layer, the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50, is produced using UV-cured 3D printing. It features a honeycomb-like polygonal three-dimensional structure, derived from heterogeneous interconnected nodes to form a multi-layered spatial structure. The spatial configuration of this three-dimensional structure is random, enabling efficient three-dimensional energy absorption and dispersion through the buckling and deformation of its edges and ridges in three dimensions. This overcomes the unidirectional nature of traditional energy absorption methods. This energy absorption method is also self-recovering, rapidly deforming and absorbing energy upon impact, then quickly recovering after the impact is offset. The edge and ridge diameters of the three-dimensional structure are adjustable between different layers, resulting in varying stiffness across the system. This allows for structural stiffness adjustment based on design requirements to accommodate diverse impact scenarios.

[0054] The preparation process of the bulletproof structure includes steps S1 to S3:

[0055] S1, stacking a ceramic layer 10, a titanium alloy layer 20, an aramid layer 30, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 and a honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 in sequence, wherein the ceramic layer 10 is a nano-modified B4C ceramic or a nano-modified TiB2 ceramic;

[0056] S2, filling a high surface density polyurethane resin film 60 between the ceramic layer plate 10 and the titanium alloy layer plate 20, between the titanium alloy layer plate 20 and the aramid layer plate 30, and between the aramid layer plate 30 and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate 40 to obtain a preliminary bulletproof structure;

[0057] S3, treating the preliminary bullet-proof structure under preset temperature and preset pressure conditions for a preset time to obtain a bullet-proof structure.

[0058] During specific implementation, demoulding cloth and edge strips are laid on the surface of the mold, the demoulding cloth is used for demoulding the bullet-proof structure, and the edge strips are used to control the thickness of the bullet-proof structure; ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40-polyurethane film-aramid layer 30-polyurethane film-titanium alloy layer 20-polyurethane film-ceramic layer 10 are placed in sequence on the demoulding cloth and between the edge strips, and thermocouples are laid to complete the stacking of the rigid bullet-proof layer, and the thermocouples are used to monitor the real-time temperature of the rigid bullet-proof layer during the curing process; release cloth, adhesive tape, non-porous isolation film, process pressing plate, and porous isolation film are stacked in sequence on the stacked rigid bullet-proof layer, the release cloth is used to absorb excess adhesive and residual gas overflowed during the hot pressing process to enter the adhesive tape, and at the same time prevent the rigid bullet-proof layer from bonding with other materials after curing; breathable felt is used to cover the stacked rigid bullet-proof layer Elastic layer, two sets of vacuum nozzles are placed on the outside of the breathable felt, and the breathable felt is used to continuously discharge the air in the vacuum bag or the gas generated during the curing and molding process; all materials are covered with a vacuum bag, and the vacuum bag is attached to the mold with a pressure-sensitive tape. The pressure-sensitive tape has strong adhesion and will not leave adhesive residue on the mold surface after curing; the mold is placed in an autoclave, and the rigid bullet-proof layer is cured at 125±3℃, 1.2±0.1MPa, and 20±3min; Velcro (fur surface) is attached to the surface of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 of the rigid cured layer, and Velcro (structured surface) is attached to the flexible impact-resistant layer. The Velcro and the rigid bullet-proof layer are combined into one, and the Velcro (fur surface) is attached to the rigid cured layer, which can ensure that the rigid cured layer is used alone (for human protection) and will not rub the human body like the structured surface of the Velcro.

[0059] It should be explained that, in this embodiment, the preliminary bulletproof structure is treated at a temperature of 125°C and a pressure of 1.2 MPa for 20 minutes. In other optional embodiments, the treatment time can be selected from 17 minutes to 23 minutes, the temperature can be selected from 122°C to 128°C, and the pressure can be selected from 1.1 MPa to 1.3 MPa.

[0060] In this embodiment, the surface density of the high surface density polyurethane resin film 60 is 200 g / m 2 The heat-sealing temperature of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60 is 100°C, the heat-sealing pressure of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60 is 10 MPa, and the heat-sealing time of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60 is 20 min. In other optional embodiments, the surface density of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60 is 195 g / m 2 ~205g / m 2Optionally, the heat-sealing temperature of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60 can be selected from 80°C to 120°C, the heat-sealing pressure of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60 can be selected from 0.8 MPa to 20 MPa, and the heat-sealing time of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60 can be selected from 10 minutes to 30 minutes. It is worth noting that the high-area-density polyurethane resin film 60 has the characteristics of medium temperature, low pressure, and high efficiency, which can effectively reduce processing costs, and generate a peel strength of no less than 80 N / cm between layers, thereby improving the shear energy dissipation between layers under impact.

[0061] In this embodiment, the ceramic layer plate 10 is prepared by a hot isostatic pressing process, the nanophase in the nano-modified B4C ceramic and the nano-modified TiB2 ceramic is TiC or MoB2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 10nm, the sintering conditions of the hot isostatic pressing process are vacuum, the sintering temperature of the hot isostatic pressing process is 1930℃, the sintering pressure of the hot isostatic pressing process is 6Mpa, and the holding time of the hot isostatic pressing process is 30min. In other optional embodiments, the sintering conditions of the hot isostatic pressing process are vacuum, the sintering temperature of the hot isostatic pressing process is optional between 1915℃ and 1945℃, the sintering pressure of the hot isostatic pressing process is optional between 5.9Mpa and 6.1Mpa, and the holding time of the hot isostatic pressing process is optional between 29min and 31min, and the particle size of the nanoparticles in the nano-modified B4C ceramic and the nano-modified TiB2 ceramic is optional within the range of 10nm to 20nm.

[0062] It can be understood that the hot isostatic pressing process can avoid the contamination of the product by harmful components, reduce the sintering temperature, reduce energy consumption, improve the sintering density, and help improve the bulletproof performance compared to the traditional high-temperature sintering process (above 2200°C).

[0063] It is worth noting that the mass fraction of the matrix material of nano-modified B4C ceramics and nano-modified TiB2 ceramics is:

[0064] B4C or TiB2: 75%-85%;

[0065] TiC or MoB2: 5%-10%;

[0066] C (graphite powder) or BaO: 10%-15%;

[0067] The process solvent is anhydrous ethanol; the material ratio by mass fraction can increase the sintering driving force, reduce the pores between the grains, and densify the ceramic matrix.

[0068] It should be noted that the TiC or MoB2 nanoparticles in nano-modified B4C and nano-modified TiB2 ceramics have a high elastic modulus. This prevents the transverse cross-sectional shrinkage of the B4C or TiB2 ceramic matrix when subjected to high-speed impact. To achieve this transverse cross-sectional shrinkage balance, longitudinal tensile stress must be increased, thereby increasing system energy consumption and improving the matrix's impact resistance. Furthermore, the TiC or MoB2 nanoparticles present within the matrix crystals can induce a nano-scale effect within the matrix grains, refining the grains and enhancing the impact resistance of the B4C or TiB2 ceramics.

[0069] In this embodiment, the titanium alloy layer plate 20 includes a lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate 21 and an equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22, and the lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate 21 and the equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22 are combined into the titanium alloy layer plate 20 by high-temperature thermal diffusion;

[0070] It can be understood that the titanium alloy layer is composed of multiple layers of integrated multi-structure TC-type titanium alloy plates, each titanium alloy plate between the layers has an independent function, and each layer of titanium alloy plate is compounded by high-temperature thermal diffusion. The integrated multi-structure TC-type titanium alloy layer includes a layer of equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22 and a layer of lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate 21, and the two are combined into one through high-temperature thermal diffusion. The integrated multi-structure titanium alloy layer, the equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22 has excellent high-temperature resistance, and the lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate 21 has good strength and toughness matching. After the two are combined through thermal diffusion, they can offset the high temperature and high-speed impact during the impact process. The equiaxed a-phase with good high-temperature resistance can effectively prevent the titanium alloy performance degradation caused by high temperature, and the lamellar a-phase with good strength and toughness matching can efficiently consume impact energy. The different phase titanium alloy plates have independent functions.

[0071] Furthermore, a layer of equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22 is evenly distributed with micropores on its surface. The micropores on the surface of this layer can cause the penetrating projectile to produce an asymmetric load, thereby causing the warhead to produce a bending load during the penetration process, causing the warhead to further fragment or become unstable, and increasing the energy consumption of the warhead decomposition.

[0072] It should be noted that the high-temperature thermal diffusion composite is a hot isostatic pressing diffusion composite, and its preparation process is as follows: An equiaxed α-phase titanium alloy plate 22 and a lamellar α-phase titanium alloy plate 21 are polished and stacked in a pressure vessel and maintained at a high temperature for a certain period of time to allow the elements of the two to be bonded together by thermal diffusion. The titanium alloy layer plate 20 bonded by high-temperature thermal diffusion has a high-strength and high-precision connection. After diffusion bonding, it can withstand high stress and avoid metallurgical defects in the connection that cause impact aging.

[0073] In this embodiment, the aramid laminate 30 is composed of several groups of basic structural aramid orthogonal non-woven prepregs, which are composed of two layers of non-woven fabric layers interlaced at 90 degrees and formed by mold hot pressing. The mold hot pressing forming conditions of the aramid laminate 30 are mold hot pressing, the mold hot pressing forming temperature of the aramid laminate 30 is 150°C, the mold hot pressing forming pressure of the aramid laminate 30 is 15Mpa, and the mold hot pressing forming holding time of the aramid laminate 30 is 30min. In other optional embodiments, the mold of the aramid laminate 30 is The hot pressing conditions include mold hot pressing, a temperature of 145°C to 155°C for the hot pressing of the aramid laminate 30, a pressure of 14.8 MPa to 15.2 MPa, and a holding time of 29 to 31 minutes. Four layers of non-woven fabric are stacked at 90° intervals (aramid non-woven prepreg 0° + aramid non-woven prepreg 90° + aramid non-woven prepreg 0° + aramid non-woven prepreg 90°), with each layer bonded by polyurethane resin to form the base structure. Compared to a two-layer structure, this structure exhibits a synergistic effect in base structural performance, with both modulus and strength exceeding twice that of a two-layer structure. Furthermore, the use of non-woven fabric facilitates rapid and extensive propagation of shock waves along the fibers, avoiding the congestion and concentration of shock waves at the warp and weft bond points, which weakens the material's ballistic performance.

[0074] In this embodiment, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 is composed of multiple layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene weftless prepreg, which is composed of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers impregnated with vinyl ester and formed by hot pressing with a mold, with a surface density of 110g / m 2 The conditions for the mold hot pressing of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 are mold hot pressing, the temperature of the mold hot pressing of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 is 125° C., the pressure of the mold hot pressing of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 is 15 MPa, and the holding time of the mold hot pressing of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 is 60 min. In other optional embodiments, the temperature of the mold hot pressing of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 is optional at 120° C. to 130° C., the pressure of the mold hot pressing of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 is optional at 14.8 MPa to 15.2 MPa, and the holding time of the mold hot pressing of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 is optional at 69 min to 71 min.

[0075] It should be noted that ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has low density and high fracture energy dissipation. The UHMWPE layer 40 can absorb the impact energy of the bullet's end by breaking and stretching, reducing the damage caused by the shock wave to personnel. Because the UHMWPE weftless prepreg is composed of UHMWPE fibers impregnated with vinyl ester, the multi-layer UHMWPE weftless prepreg ply structure is formed by rotating and stacking the layers at a certain angle. The multi-layer angled stacking can form a 360° circumferential interlayer angle between the layers, making the UHMWPE layer 40 isotropic in ballistic performance, preventing localized ballistic stress accumulation and impact damage to personnel and equipment. Vinyl ester and UHMWPE have similar molecular structures, good compatibility, and strong interlayer adhesion. During the ballistic damage process, the layer can absorb higher energy, improving its ballistic performance. Its low surface density also achieves lightweighting of the layer.

[0076] In this embodiment, the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 is composed of a multi-layered non-directional spatial three-dimensional structure with editable interlayers. The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 has a plurality of polygonal and multi-faceted three-dimensional structures.

[0077] What needs to be explained is that the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 is composed of a multi-layer editable non-directional spatial three-dimensional structure, which is integrated with the rigid bulletproof layer through Velcro. The Velcro reserves a plane structure through the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 and is integrated with it through a heat-sealing process. The honeycomb polygonal three-dimensional structure has an indefinite number of polygonal and multi-faceted three-dimensional structures, and the spatial configuration of the three-dimensional structure is random, not a uniformly determined structure. The polygonal and multi-faceted three-dimensional structure of the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 and the spatial configuration of the three-dimensional structure are random, so that after being impacted, the device can efficiently absorb and disperse energy through the bending deformation of the edges and edges of the spatial configuration, breaking through the unidirectionality of traditional energy absorption methods, and the energy absorption form is self-recovering, and it quickly deforms and absorbs energy when impacted, and can quickly recover its deformation after the impact is removed. At the same time, in response to the uncertainty of the bullet impact form, the associated node heterogeneity derives a multi-layer spatial structure, which has specific advantages through multi-angle and three-dimensional counteraction to the uncertainty of its impact process;

[0078] It is worth noting that interlayer editing means that the diameters of the edges and edges of the polygonal and multi-faceted three-dimensional structure between different layers can be adjusted, so that different layers of the system produce different stiffness. This structure is used for protection in certain fields, such as human body protection. The honeycomb layer structure attached to the human body adopts a small diameter to reduce its stiffness, which can improve wearing comfort. The honeycomb layer structure not attached to the human body adopts a large diameter to make it have high stiffness, increase the impact energy consumption rate, and prevent blunt injuries to personnel or damage to equipment structure during the impact process.

[0079] In this embodiment, the surface density of the bulletproof structure is 42±0.3 kg / m2 , the ceramic layer is nano-modified TiB2 ceramic, and the nanophase is MoB2; the ceramic density is 2.6g / cm3, the thickness is 10mm, the titanium alloy layer, one layer is an equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22, the thickness is 0.4mm, the surface is evenly distributed with a diameter of 3mm, and the center distance is 5mm. The micropores, one layer is a lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate 21, the thickness is 0.4mm, and the two are compounded by a high-temperature thermal diffusion process. The aramid layer is composed of 6 groups of basic structure aramid orthogonal weftless prepregs. The basic structure is four layers of weftless cloth with 90° staggered layers between layers (aramid weftless prepreg 0° + aramid weftless prepreg 90° + aramid weftless prepreg 0° + aramid weftless prepreg 90°), which are formed by hot pressing in a mold with a thickness of 3mm. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is composed of 72 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene weftless prepreg, which are rotated and stacked at an angle of 5° between layers. The 72 layers can be formed The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 is formed by hot pressing with a mold and has a thickness of 7mm. It is composed of 6 layers of editable non-directional spatial three-dimensional structures, in which the edges and edges of each layer of the spatial structure have the same diameter and are integrated with the system through Velcro. Between the layers, a large surface density polyurethane resin film 60 is solidified into one under high temperature and high pressure conditions for a certain period of time. When the material and structure are hit by a high-speed projectile, under the action of high speed and high pressure, the incoming projectile is passivated, deformed and fragmented during the residence stage of the high-hardness, high-strength and high-rigidity ceramic layer plate 10. The stress shear wave generated by the impact process propagates at high speed to the surroundings along the rigid structure. At the same time, a large number of cracks are formed on the ceramic surface and fail through conical fracture. A large amount of impact energy is absorbed by vibration and friction, and the impact energy is efficiently and quickly attenuated to block the high-temperature invasion of the warhead. The titanium alloy layer plate 20 transmits shock waves over a large range, and the equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22 resists high-temperature invasion. The surface is evenly distributed with micropores, which causes asymmetric loads on the penetrating projectile, causing further fragmentation or instability of the bullet, and increasing the energy consumption of the bullet decomposition; the lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate 21 has good strength and toughness matching, and consumes the energy loss of the bullet through deformation. The aramid layer plate 30 efficiently absorbs the energy of the projectile through fiber breakage, fiber stretching, interlayer delamination, etc., reduces the height of the bullet mark, and provides high-temperature protection for the rear-end ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate 40. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate 40 has a low surface density, which can effectively reduce the mass of the system. It has high fracture strength and is combined with a circumferential angle laying method, which enables the layer plate to exert multi-channel tensile properties and efficiently consume impact energy. The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 derives a multi-layer spatial structure through the heterogeneity of associated nodes, which absorbs and disperses energy in three dimensions to offset the impact energy. For bulletproof effect, please refer to Table 1:

[0080] Table 1

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Example 2

[0084] The bulletproof structure in the second embodiment of the present invention differs from that in the first embodiment in that:

[0085] In this embodiment, the surface density of the bulletproof structure is 28±0.2 kg / m 2 The ceramic layer is nano-modified B4C ceramic, and the nanophase is TiC; the ceramic density is 2.5g / cm3, it is a hyperbolic structure, and the thickness is 6mm. The titanium alloy layer, one layer is an equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate 22, with a thickness of 0.3mm, and micropores with a diameter of 2mm and a center distance of 5mm are evenly distributed on the surface; one layer is a lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate 21, with a thickness of 0.3mm, and a hyperbolic structure. The two are compounded by a high-temperature thermal diffusion process; the aramid layer is composed of 4 groups of basic structure aramid orthogonal non-woven prepregs. The basic structure is four layers of non-woven fabrics with 90° staggered layers between layers (aramid non-woven prepreg 0° + aramid non-woven prepreg 90° + aramid non-woven prepreg 0° + aramid non-woven prepreg 90°), which is a hyperbolic surface. The structure is formed by hot pressing with a mold and has a thickness of 2mm. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is composed of 24 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene weftless prepreg, which are rotated and stacked at an angle of 15° between layers. The 24 layers can form a 360° three-dimensional interlayer angle, which is a hyperbolic structure. It is formed by hot pressing with a mold and has a thickness of 3mm. The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 is printed by UV light curing 3D printing and consists of an editable non-directional spatial three-dimensional structure between 3 layers. The edges and edges of each layer that constitute the spatial structure have the same diameter and are integrated with the system through Velcro.

[0086] In summary, the bulletproof structure in the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, through the organic combination of the ceramic layer plate 10, the titanium alloy layer plate 20, the aramid layer plate 30, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate 40 and the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50, can produce a nano-scale effect on the ceramic by adopting nanoparticles in nano-modified B4C or nano-modified TiB2 ceramics, generate a large number of secondary interfaces and microcracks in the B4C or TiB2 matrix grains, and further refine the crystal structure. At the same time, it can make the thermoelastic mismatch between the nanoparticles and the matrix grains, induce transgranular fracture, increase energy dissipation, strengthen the main grain boundaries, and improve the impact resistance of the matrix. The incoming projectile is partially eroded and decomposed during the residence stage of the ceramic plate, and then a large number of cracks are formed on the surface and fail through conical fracture, which greatly decomposes the warhead energy, erodes the warhead and causes it to deform and fragment, and blocks the high-temperature combustion of the warhead. The titanium alloy layer 20 can transmit shock waves over a large area, thereby causing the warhead to generate bending loads during the penetration process, causing further fragmentation or instability of the warhead, and increasing the energy consumption of warhead decomposition. The aramid layer 30 can efficiently absorb the projectile energy and reduce the bullet mark height. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer 40 can effectively slow down or eliminate hot melt damage. The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer 50 deforms rapidly under impact to absorb energy, and can quickly recover its deformation after the impact is offset, especially for large-momentum, high-penetration warheads, especially 12.7mm armor-piercing incendiary bullets and kinetic energy warheads below.

[0087] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in conjunction with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0088] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention, and while their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A bulletproof structure, characterized in that: It includes ceramic layers, titanium alloy layers, aramid layers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layers and honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layers stacked in sequence; The ceramic layer plate and the titanium alloy layer plate, the titanium alloy layer plate and the aramid layer plate, and the aramid layer plate and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer plate are all connected by a high surface density polyurethane resin film; Wherein, the ceramic layer plate is nano-modified B4C ceramic or nano-modified TiB2 ceramic.

2. The bulletproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The titanium alloy layer plates include lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plates and equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plates.

3. The bulletproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The aramid laminate is composed of several groups of basic structural aramid orthogonal non-woven prepregs.

4. The bulletproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is composed of multiple layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene free-weft prepreg.

5. The bulletproof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer is composed of a multi-layer non-directional spatial three-dimensional structure with editable interlayers.

6. A process for preparing a bullet-proof structure, for preparing the bullet-proof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: include: A ceramic layer, a titanium alloy layer, an aramid layer, an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer and a honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer are stacked in sequence, wherein the ceramic layer is a nano-modified B4C ceramic or a nano-modified TiB2 ceramic; Filling a high surface density polyurethane resin film between the ceramic layer and the titanium alloy layer, between the titanium alloy layer and the aramid layer, and between the aramid layer and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer to obtain a preliminary bulletproof structure; The preliminary bullet-proof structure is treated under preset temperature and preset pressure conditions for a preset time to obtain a bullet-proof structure.

7. The process for preparing a bulletproof structure according to claim 6, wherein: The preset time is 17 minutes to 23 minutes, the preset temperature is 122° C. to 128° C., and the preset pressure is 1.1 MPa to 1.3 MPa.

8. The process for preparing a bulletproof structure according to claim 6, wherein: The surface density of the high surface density polyurethane resin film is 195g / m 2 ~205g / m 2 The heat-sealing temperature of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film is 80°C to 120°C, the heat-sealing pressure of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film is 0.8Mpa to 20Mpa, and the heat-sealing time of the high-area-density polyurethane resin film is 10min to 30min.

9. The process for preparing a bulletproof structure according to claim 6, wherein: The ceramic layer plate is prepared by a hot isostatic pressing process. The nanophases in the nano-modified B4C ceramics and the nano-modified TiB2 ceramics are TiC or MoB2 nanoparticles with a particle size of 10nm to 20nm. The sintering conditions of the hot isostatic pressing process are vacuum, the sintering temperature of the hot isostatic pressing process is 1915°C to 1945°C, the sintering pressure of the hot isostatic pressing process is 5.9Mpa to 6.1Mpa, and the holding time of the hot isostatic pressing process is 29min to 31min.

10. The process for preparing a bulletproof structure according to claim 6, wherein: The titanium alloy layer plate includes a lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate and an equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate, and the lamellar a-phase titanium alloy plate and the equiaxed a-phase titanium alloy plate are combined into the titanium alloy layer plate by high-temperature thermal diffusion; The aramid laminate is composed of several groups of basic structural aramid orthogonal flat prepregs, which are composed of two layers of flat fabric interlaced at 90 degrees and are formed by mold hot pressing. The conditions for the mold hot pressing of the aramid laminate are mold hot pressing, the mold hot pressing temperature of the aramid laminate is 145°C to 155°C, the mold hot pressing pressure of the aramid laminate is 14.8Mpa to 15.2Mpa, and the mold hot pressing holding time of the aramid laminate is 29min to 31min. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminate is composed of multiple layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene weftless prepreg, which is composed of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers impregnated with vinyl ester and formed by hot pressing with a mold. The surface density is 110g / m 2 The conditions for hot pressing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer are as follows: hot pressing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer, the temperature for hot pressing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is 120° C. to 130° C., the pressure for hot pressing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is 14.8 MPa to 15.2 MPa, and the holding time for hot pressing the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene layer is 69 min to 71 min. The honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer is composed of a multi-layer editable non-directional spatial three-dimensional structure, and the honeycomb heterogeneous impact-resistant layer has a plurality of polygonal and multi-faceted three-dimensional structures.

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