Water temperature determination method

Abstract

The invention provides a water temperature determination method. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring respective first temperature and ice water thickness information of multiple layers of a preset water area; if the ice in the mth layer does not cross the boundary of the upper layer, determining the respective second temperatures of the multiple layers according to the respective first temperatures of the multiple layers and the respective ice water thickness information from the top layer to the (m-1) th layer; and if the ice in the mth layer crosses the upper layer, determining the respective second temperatures of the multiple layers according to the respective first temperatures from the top layer to the (m-1) th layer, the respective first temperatures from the (m + 1) th layer to the Mth layer, the respective ice water thickness information from the top layer to the (m-2) th layer, and the ice water thickness information of the mth layer. According to the method, the influence of the ice surface melting process on the temperature of each layer of the preset water area is accurately reflected, and the temperatures of the multiple layers of the preset water area are determined more accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of computer numerical simulation, and in particular to a method for determining water temperature. Background Art

[0002] At present, water bodies (such as lakes) occupy an important position in the research field of land-atmosphere exchange. Among them, the surface melting process of ice in water bodies will affect the determination of the temperature of water bodies. Accurately reflecting the impact of the surface melting process of ice on temperature can more accurately determine the temperatures of multiple layers of the preset water body.

[0003] In related technologies, a water area is divided into multiple layers, each of which includes an ice layer that contains all the ice in the water area. The temperature of the ice layer is fitted into a simple linear profile, and the impact of the melting process of the ice layer on the water temperature of each layer of the water area is determined by considering the income and expenditure of the heat flux of the ice layer.

[0004] However, in the related art, an empirical formula is usually used to obtain a linear profile of the temperature of the ice layer, which cannot accurately reflect the impact of the surface melting process of the ice on the water temperature of each layer of the water area. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a water temperature determination method for accurately reflecting the impact of the surface melting process of ice on the water temperature of each layer of a preset water area, and more accurately determining the temperature of each layer of the preset water area.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for determining water temperature, the method comprising:

[0007] Acquiring first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of multiple layers of a preset water area; wherein the multiple layers are obtained by stratifying the preset water area in a vertical direction;

[0008] When a top layer in the multiple layers melts, determining whether ice in the mth layer has crossed over to an upper layer based on ice-water thickness information of the top layer and ice-water thickness information of the mth layer; wherein the top layer is a layer in the multiple layers connected to the atmosphere, the mth layer is an ice-water mixed layer in the multiple layers, m is an integer greater than 1 or less than M, and M is the total number of the multiple layers;

[0009] If the ice in the m-th layer does not cross the boundary of the upper layer, determining the second temperature of each of the multiple layers according to the first temperature of each of the multiple layers and the ice and water thickness information of each of the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer;

[0010] If the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the multiple layers is determined based on the first temperature of each of the top to (m-1)th layers, the first temperature of each of the (m+1)th to Mth layers, the ice and water thickness information of each of the top to (m-2)th layers, and the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer.

[0011] In this scheme, the first temperature and ice-water thickness information of each of the multiple layers of the preset water area are obtained, wherein the multiple layers are multiple layers after the preset water area is stratified in the vertical direction; when the top layer in the multiple layers melts, it is determined whether the ice in the m-th layer has crossed over to the upper layer based on the ice-water thickness information of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer, and at this time the m-th layer is an ice-water mixed layer; if the ice in the m-th layer has not crossed over to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the multiple layers is determined based on the first temperature of each of the multiple layers and the ice-water thickness information of each of the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer; if the ice in the m-th layer has crossed over to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the multiple layers is determined based on the first temperature of each of the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer, the first temperature of each of the (m+1)-th layer to the M layer, the ice-water thickness information of each of the top layer to the (m-2)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer. By determining the second temperatures of each layer based on the first temperatures of each layer when the top layer melts, depending on whether the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer, it accurately reflects the impact of the surface melting process of ice on the temperature of each layer of the preset water area, and thus more accurately determines the temperature of each layer of the preset water area.

[0012] In one implementation, determining whether ice in the mth layer has crossed over to an upper layer based on the ice-water thickness information of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer includes:

[0013] determining whether the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is less than the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer;

[0014] If the water thickness is less than the ice thickness, it is determined that the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer;

[0015] If the water thickness is greater than or equal to the ice thickness, it is determined that the ice in the m-th layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer.

[0016] In this scheme, when the top layer melts, by judging whether the water thickness of the top layer is less than the ice thickness of the mth layer, it is determined whether the ice in the mth layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer. That is, after the top layer melts, it is determined whether the mth layer is a mixed layer of ice and water or a pure water layer. The impact of the surface melting process of ice in the preset water area on the state of the mth layer can be determined.

[0017] In one implementation, determining the second temperatures of the multiple layers according to the first temperatures of the multiple layers and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer includes:

[0018] Determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the m-th layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer;

[0019] The first temperatures of the m-th layer to the M-th layer are determined as the second temperatures of the m-th layer to the M-th layer.

[0020] In one implementation, determining the second temperatures of the multiple layers according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer, the first temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer, the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer, and the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer includes:

[0021] Determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer;

[0022] determining a second temperature of the (m-1)th layer;

[0023] determining a second temperature of the mth layer according to the ice water thickness information of the mth layer;

[0024] The first temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer are determined as the second temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer.

[0025] In this scheme, when the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the top to (m-1)th layers is determined based on the first temperature and ice-water thickness information of each of the top to mth layers. This allows the temperatures of the top to (m-1)th layers to be re-determined, while the temperatures of the other layers (the mth to Mth layers) in the predetermined water area are not affected by the surface melting of the ice. When the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the top to (m-2)th layers is determined based on the first temperature and ice-water thickness information of each of the top to (m-1)th layers, and the second temperature of the (m-1)th layer is determined. The second temperature of the mth layer is then determined based on the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer. This allows the temperatures of the top to mth layers to be re-determined, while the temperatures of the other layers (the (m+1)th to Mth layers) in the predetermined water area are not affected by the surface melting of the ice. The second temperature of the layers affected by the surface melting of the ice is determined based on whether the ice in the mth layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer. This accurately reflects the impact of the surface melting of the ice on the temperatures of each layer in the predetermined water area, thereby more accurately determining the temperatures of each of the multiple layers in the predetermined water area.

[0026] In one implementation, for any i-th layer from the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer, or any i-th layer from the top layer to the (m-2)-th layer, determining the second temperature of the i-th layer according to the first temperature of the i-th layer and ice water thickness information includes:

[0027] Determine the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer according to the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer;

[0028] A second temperature of the i-th layer is determined according to the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer.

[0029] In one implementation, the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, and the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 1:

[0030]

[0031] Among them, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, ρ l represents the density of water, Δz i,ice represents the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer, Δz i represents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, c ice is the specific heat capacity of ice, T i represents the first temperature of the i-th layer, T f Indicates the melting point temperature, T i+1represents the first temperature of the (i+1)th layer, L il Represents the phase change heat of water.

[0032] In one implementation, the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer and the second temperature of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 2:

[0033]

[0034] Among them, T i,ice represents the second temperature of the i-th layer, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, ρ l Indicates the density of water, L il represents the phase change heat of water, c ice is the specific heat capacity of ice, T f Represents the melting point temperature.

[0035] In one implementation, the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer and the second temperature of the m-th layer satisfy the following formula 3:

[0036]

[0037] Among them, T m,lid represents the second temperature of the mth layer, Δz m,lid represents the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, Δz m represents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer, ρ l represents the density of water, c lid represents the specific heat capacity of water, T f Represents the melting point temperature.

[0038] In this scheme, when the ice in the m-th layer has not crossed over to the upper layer, the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer is determined based on the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer. The second temperature of the i-th layer is determined based on the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (m-1). When the ice in the m-th layer crosses over to the upper layer, the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer is determined based on the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer. The second temperature of the i-th layer is determined based on the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (m-2). Based on whether the ice in the mth layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer, the unit volume enthalpy is introduced to confirm the second temperature of the layer affected by the surface melting process of the ice in the multiple layers. The unit volume enthalpy can reflect the energy change of the surface melting process of the ice, and thus accurately reflect the impact of the surface melting process of the ice on the temperature of each layer of the preset water area, thereby more accurately determining the temperature of each layer of the preset water area.

[0039] In one implementation, obtaining the first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of the multiple layers of the preset water area includes:

[0040] Constructing an energy balance equation corresponding to each of the multiple layers, wherein the energy balance equation includes a heat flux corresponding to each of the multiple layers;

[0041] Substituting preset boundary conditions into the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers, the preset boundary conditions include: the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer, the condition of the ice-water mixed layer, and the heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the Mth layer;

[0042] Solving the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers after substituting preset boundary conditions to obtain the first temperatures of the multiple layers;

[0043] According to the first temperatures of the multiple layers, ice and water thickness information of the multiple layers is determined.

[0044] In one implementation, the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer is that the heat flux of the upper boundary of the top layer satisfies the following formula 4:

[0045] Q1=S n +L n -H s -LE+R p (Formula 4)

[0046] Where Q1 represents the heat flux at the upper boundary of the top layer, L n represents the net longwave radiation flux, H s represents sensible heat flux, LE represents latent heat flux, R p represents the heat flux carried by precipitation into the lake;

[0047] The condition of the ice-water mixed layer is that the first temperature of the mth layer is equal to the melting point temperature;

[0048] The heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the M-th layer is that the heat flux of the lower boundary of the M-th layer is equal to 0.

[0049] In this solution, energy balance equations corresponding to multiple layers are constructed, and the energy balance equations include heat fluxes corresponding to multiple layers; preset boundary conditions are substituted into the energy balance equations corresponding to multiple layers, and the preset boundary conditions include: heat flux conditions at the upper boundary of the top layer, conditions at the ice-water mixed layer, and heat flux conditions at the lower boundary of the Mth layer; the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers after the preset boundary conditions are substituted are solved to obtain first temperatures for the multiple layers; and ice-water thickness information for the multiple layers is determined based on the first temperatures for the multiple layers. Compared with the related art, the embodiment of the present application constructs energy balance equations corresponding to multiple layers, substitutes the preset boundary conditions, and then solves the equations to obtain first temperatures for the multiple layers, thereby reducing empirical dependence and improving the accuracy of determining the first temperature. This provides strong support for determining the second temperature of the layer affected by the surface melting process of ice in the multiple layers, and can accurately reflect the impact of the surface melting process of ice on the temperature of each layer in the preset water area, and more accurately determine the temperature of each layer in the preset water area.

[0050] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a water temperature determination device, comprising:

[0051] An acquisition module, configured to acquire first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of multiple layers of a preset water area; wherein the multiple layers are obtained by stratifying the preset water area in a vertical direction;

[0052] a processing module configured to determine, when a top layer in the multiple layers melts, whether ice in the mth layer has crossed over to an upper layer based on ice-water thickness information of the top layer and ice-water thickness information of the mth layer; wherein the top layer is a layer in the multiple layers connected to the atmosphere, the mth layer is an ice-water mixed layer in the multiple layers, m is an integer greater than 1 or less than M, and M is the total number of the multiple layers;

[0053] The processing module is further configured to determine, if the ice in the m-th layer does not cross the boundary to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the multiple layers based on the first temperature of each of the multiple layers and the ice and water thickness information of each of the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer;

[0054] The processing module is also used to determine the second temperature of each of the multiple layers based on the first temperatures of the top to (m-1)th layers, the first temperatures of the (m+1)th to Mth layers, the ice and water thickness information of the top to (m-2)th layers, and the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer if the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer.

[0055] The water temperature determination device provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0056] In one implementation, the processing module is specifically configured to:

[0057] determining whether the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is less than the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer;

[0058] If the water thickness is less than the ice thickness, it is determined that the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer;

[0059] If the water thickness is greater than or equal to the ice thickness, it is determined that the ice in the m-th layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer.

[0060] The water temperature determination device provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0061] In one implementation, the processing module is specifically configured to:

[0062] Determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the m-th layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer;

[0063] The first temperatures of the m-th layer to the M-th layer are determined as the second temperatures of the m-th layer to the M-th layer.

[0064] In one implementation, the processing module is specifically configured to:

[0065] Determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer;

[0066] determining a second temperature of the (m-1)th layer;

[0067] determining a second temperature of the mth layer according to the ice water thickness information of the mth layer;

[0068] The first temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer are determined as the second temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer.

[0069] The water temperature determination device provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0070] In one implementation, the processing module is specifically configured to:

[0071] Determine the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer according to the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer;

[0072] A second temperature of the i-th layer is determined according to the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer.

[0073] In one implementation, the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, and the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 1:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, ρ l represents the density of water, Δz i,ice represents the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer, Δz i represents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, c ice is the specific heat capacity of ice, T i represents the first temperature of the i-th layer, T f Indicates the melting point temperature, T i+1 represents the first temperature of the (i+1)th layer, L il Represents the phase change heat of water.

[0076] In one implementation, the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer and the second temperature of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 2:

[0077]

[0078] Among them, T i,ice represents the second temperature of the i-th layer, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, ρ l Indicates the density of water, L il represents the phase change heat of water, c ice is the specific heat capacity of ice, T f Represents the melting point temperature.

[0079] In one implementation, the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer and the second temperature of the m-th layer satisfy the following formula 3:

[0080]

[0081] Among them, T m,lid represents the second temperature of the mth layer, Δz m,lid represents the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, Δzm represents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer, ρ l represents the density of water, c lid represents the specific heat capacity of water, T f Represents the melting point temperature.

[0082] The water temperature determination device provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0083] In one implementation, the acquisition module is specifically configured to:

[0084] Constructing an energy balance equation corresponding to each of the multiple layers, wherein the energy balance equation includes a heat flux corresponding to each of the multiple layers;

[0085] Substituting preset boundary conditions into the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers, the preset boundary conditions include: the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer, the condition of the ice-water mixed layer, and the heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the Mth layer;

[0086] Solving the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers after substituting preset boundary conditions to obtain the first temperatures of the multiple layers;

[0087] According to the first temperatures of the multiple layers, ice and water thickness information of the multiple layers is determined.

[0088] In one implementation, the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer is that the heat flux of the upper boundary of the top layer satisfies the following formula 4:

[0089] Q1=S n +L n -H s -LE+R p (Formula 4)

[0090] Where Q1 represents the heat flux at the upper boundary of the top layer, L n represents the net longwave radiation flux, H s represents sensible heat flux, LE represents latent heat flux, R p represents the heat flux carried by precipitation into the lake;

[0091] The condition of the ice-water mixed layer is that the first temperature of the mth layer is equal to the melting point temperature;

[0092] The heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the M-th layer is that the heat flux of the lower boundary of the M-th layer is equal to 0.

[0093] The water temperature determination device provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0094] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor;

[0095] Memory stores computer-executable instructions;

[0096] The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the method according to the first aspect.

[0097] The electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment, and its implementation principles and beneficial effects are similar, which will not be repeated here.

[0098] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the method of the first aspect.

[0099] When the computer-executable instructions in the computer-readable storage medium provided in the embodiment of the present application are executed by the processor, the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment can be implemented. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0100] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which implements the method of the first aspect when executed by a processor.

[0101] When the computer program in the computer program product provided in the embodiment of the present application is executed by a processor, the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment can be implemented. Its implementation principles and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0102] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0103] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the preset water layering provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0104] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0105] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0106] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0107] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 4 ;

[0108] Figure 6 A comparison diagram of temperature profiles at different times and depths provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0109] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0110] Figure 8 A structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0111] The above drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and the textual description are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0112] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0113] Land, as the lower boundary of atmospheric motion, responds to and provides feedback to the atmosphere. Land surfaces are composed of a variety of underlying surface types, with water (such as lakes) being crucial for modeling land-atmosphere exchange. The melting of ice in water affects the temperature of the water. Accurately reflecting the impact of ice melting on temperature allows for more precise determination of the temperatures of multiple layers within a pre-defined water area.

[0114] In related technologies, water areas are divided into multiple layers, each of which includes an ice layer that contains all the ice in the water area. The temperature of the ice layer is fitted into the simplest linear profile, and the impact of the surface melting of ice on the water temperature of each layer of the water area is determined by considering the income and expenditure of the heat flux of the ice layer.

[0115] However, in the related art, a formula is usually used to obtain a linear profile of the temperature of the ice layer. This formula is obtained based on empirical parameters and cannot accurately reflect the impact of the surface melting process of ice on the water temperature of each layer of the water area.

[0116] Based on the above technical problems, the technical concepts of the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0117] Obtain first temperatures and ice-water thickness information for each of the multiple layers of a preset water area; wherein the multiple layers are multiple layers after the preset water area is stratified in a vertical direction; when the top layer in the multiple layers melts, determine whether the ice in the m-th layer has crossed over to an upper layer based on the ice-water thickness information of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer; wherein the top layer is a layer connected to the atmosphere in the multiple layers, the m-th layer is an ice-water mixed layer in the multiple layers, m is an integer greater than 1 or less than or equal to M, and M is the total number of multiple layers; if the ice in the m-th layer has not crossed over to an upper layer, determine second temperatures for each of the multiple layers based on the first temperatures for each of the multiple layers and the ice-water thickness information for each of the top layer to the m-th layer; if the ice in the m-th layer has crossed over to an upper layer, determine second temperatures for each of the multiple layers based on the first temperatures for each of the multiple layers and the ice-water thickness information for each of the top layer to the m-th layer;

[0118] By reconfirming the second temperature of each layer of the lake based on whether the mth layer (ice-water mixed layer) crosses the boundary to the upper layer when the top layer melts, it accurately reflects the impact of the surface melting process of ice on the water temperature of each layer of the lake, and more accurately determines the temperature of each layer of the preset water area.

[0119] The following specific embodiments describe in detail the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0120] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the preset water layer provided in the embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the preset water area is divided into M layers along the vertical direction, where M is an integer greater than 1.

[0121] The 1st to (m-1)th layers are all ice layers, the mth layer is an ice-water mixed layer, and the (m+1)th to Mth layers are all water layers, where m is an integer greater than 1 or less than M.

[0122] A pure ice layer is a layer consisting solely of ice. A mixed ice-water layer is a layer consisting of both ice and water. A pure water layer is a layer consisting solely of water.

[0123] In related art, the freshwater lake (Flake) model divides a pre-set water area into a mixed layer, a thermocline, and an ice layer. The ice layer includes all ice in the pre-set water area. In this application, all ice in the pre-set water area is divided into (m-1) layers.

[0124] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ,like Figure 2 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0125] S201. Obtain first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of multiple layers of a preset water area, wherein the multiple layers are layers formed by stratifying the preset water area in a vertical direction.

[0126] In this embodiment, the preset water area is, for example, a lake.

[0127] The process of stratifying the preset water area along the vertical direction is described below through the following examples 1a and 1b.

[0128] Example 1a: The preset water area is evenly layered along the vertical direction to obtain multiple layers of the preset water area, wherein the total thickness of ice water in the multiple layers is the same.

[0129] In Example 1b, a predetermined water area is non-uniformly layered vertically to obtain multiple layers of the predetermined water area, wherein the total thickness of ice and water in the multiple layers varies. For example, within the predetermined water area, the total thickness of the layers closer to the surface of the water area is smaller, while the total thickness of the layers closer to the bottom of the predetermined water area is larger.

[0130] In one implementation, the ice and water thickness information includes ice thickness, water thickness, and total ice and water thickness.

[0131] The total thickness of ice and water can be understood as the total thickness of each layer.

[0132] S202: Determine whether the top layer in the multi-layer is melted.

[0133] If so, execute S204; otherwise, execute S203.

[0134] Among them, the top layer is the first layer among multiple layers.

[0135] In one implementation, whether the top layer is melted is determined based on the first temperature of the top layer and / or ice water thickness information.

[0136] The following Example 2a and Example 2b illustrate a process of determining whether the top layer has melted based on the first temperature of the top layer and / or the ice water thickness information.

[0137] Example 2a, determining whether the top layer is melted according to a first temperature of the top layer, includes:

[0138] When the first temperature of the top layer is greater than a preset temperature threshold, determining that the top layer is melted;

[0139] When the first temperature of the top layer is less than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, it is determined that the top layer is not melted.

[0140] Example 2b, determining whether the top layer has melted based on the first temperature of the top layer and the ice water thickness information, may include:

[0141] Determine the unit volume enthalpy of the top layer according to the first temperature of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information;

[0142] When the unit volume enthalpy of the top layer is within a preset unit volume enthalpy threshold range, determining that the top layer is melted;

[0143] When the unit volume enthalpy of the top layer is less than a preset unit volume enthalpy threshold range, it is determined that the top layer is not melted.

[0144] The preset temperature threshold is, for example, 273.15K, 273.25K, or 273.05K.

[0145] The unit volume enthalpy is a negative value, and the preset unit volume enthalpy threshold range is, for example, greater than or equal to -3.336×108 J·m -3 Less than or equal to 0 J·m -3 .

[0146] S203 , determining the first temperatures of the multiple layers as the second temperatures of the multiple layers.

[0147] S204. Determine whether the ice in the mth layer has crossed the boundary of the upper layer based on the ice and water thickness information of the top layer and the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer, wherein the top layer is a layer connected to the atmosphere in the multiple layers, the mth layer is an ice-water mixed layer in the multiple layers, m is an integer greater than 1 or less than M, and M is the total number of multiple layers.

[0148] If so, execute S206; otherwise, execute S205.

[0149] In the embodiment of the present application, when the top layer melts, it contains both water and ice. After the top layer melts, the water in the top layer flows into the mth layer, causing the ice in the predetermined water area to float upward. Since the total thickness of ice and water in each layer of the predetermined water area remains constant, this may cause all the ice in the mth layer to float upward, turning the mth layer into a pure water layer and the (m-1)th layer into a mixed ice-water layer.

[0150] Next, a process of determining whether ice in the mth layer has crossed over to an upper layer based on the ice-water thickness information of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer will be described.

[0151] In one implementation,

[0152] Based on the ice-water thickness information of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, it is determined that the mth layer changes from an ice-water mixed layer to a full water layer, and the (m-1)th layer changes to an ice-water mixed layer, and it is determined that the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary one layer above;

[0153] According to the ice-water thickness information of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, it is determined that the mth layer is still an ice-water mixed layer, and it is determined that the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer.

[0154] S205 , determining the second temperatures of the multiple layers according to the first temperatures of the multiple layers and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer.

[0155] In one implementation, the second temperature of each of the multiple layers is the temperature of each of the multiple layers after the top layer has melted.

[0156] The ice in the mth layer does not cross the boundary to the upper layer. It can be understood that after the top layer melts, the mth layer is still a mixed layer of ice and water.

[0157] S206. Determine the second temperature of each layer based on the first temperature of each layer from the top layer to the (m-1)th layer, the first temperature of each layer from the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer, the ice and water thickness information of each layer from the top layer to the (m-2)th layer, and the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer.

[0158] The ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer. It can be understood that after the top layer melts, the mth layer becomes a full water layer, and the (m-1)th layer becomes an ice-water mixed layer.

[0159] Beneficial effects of this embodiment: In this embodiment, the first temperature and ice-water thickness information of each of the multiple layers of the preset water area are obtained, wherein the multiple layers are multiple layers after the preset water area is layered in the vertical direction; when the top layer in the multiple layers melts, it is determined whether the ice in the m-th layer has crossed over to the upper layer based on the ice-water thickness information of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer, and at this time the m-th layer is an ice-water mixed layer; if the ice in the m-th layer has not crossed over to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the multiple layers is determined based on the first temperature of each of the multiple layers and the ice-water thickness information of each of the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer; if the ice in the m-th layer has crossed over to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the multiple layers is determined based on the first temperature of each of the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer, the first temperature of each of the (m+1)-th layer to the M layer, the ice-water thickness information of each of the top layer to the (m-2)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer. By determining the second temperatures of each layer based on the first temperatures of each layer when the top layer melts, depending on whether the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer, it accurately reflects the impact of the surface melting process of ice on the temperature of each layer of the preset water area, and thus more accurately determines the temperature of each layer of the preset water area.

[0160] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ,like Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0161] S301. Obtain first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of multiple layers of a preset water area, wherein the multiple layers are layers formed by stratifying the preset water area in a vertical direction.

[0162] S302: Determine whether the top layer in the multi-layer is melted.

[0163] If so, execute S304; otherwise, execute S303.

[0164] S303 , determining the first temperatures of the multiple layers as the second temperatures of the multiple layers.

[0165] S304: Determine whether the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is less than the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer.

[0166] Among them, the top layer is the layer connected to the atmosphere in the multilayer, the mth layer is the ice-water mixed layer in the multilayer, m is an integer greater than 1 or less than M, and M is the total number of multilayers.

[0167] If so, execute S305 to S306; otherwise, execute S307 to S310.

[0168] In one implementation,

[0169] If the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is less than the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, it is determined that the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer;

[0170] If the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is greater than or equal to the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer, it is determined that the ice in the m-th layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer.

[0171] Below, an exemplary description is given of the process of determining that the ice in the mth layer has not crossed over to the upper layer if the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is less than the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, and determining that the ice in the mth layer has crossed over to the upper layer if the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is greater than or equal to the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer.

[0172] For example, when the top layer melts, the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is the first thickness, and the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer is the second thickness. After the top layer melts, the water of the first thickness in the top layer flows into the mth layer, and the entire ice contained in the preset water area floats upward.

[0173] When the first thickness is less than the second thickness, after the top layer melts, the ice of the first thickness in the mth layer becomes water of the first thickness, and the mth layer also contains ice of the third thickness, then it is determined that the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer, where the third thickness is the value of the second thickness minus the first thickness;

[0174] When the first thickness is greater than or equal to the second thickness, after the top layer melts, the ice of the second thickness in the mth layer becomes water of the second thickness, and the (m-1)th layer also contains water of the fourth thickness, then it is determined that the ice in the mth layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer, where the fourth thickness is the value of the first thickness minus the second thickness.

[0175] S305 , determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the mth layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer.

[0176] Next, a process of determining the second temperature of each of the top to m-th layers based on the first temperature of each of the top to m-th layers and the ice water thickness information of each of the top to (m-1)-th layers is described.

[0177] In one implementation, for the jth layer, the second temperature of the jth layer is determined based on the first temperature of the jth layer, the first temperature of the (j+1)th layer, and the ice and water thickness information of the jth layer, where j is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (m-1).

[0178] Specifically, the second temperature of the jth layer is determined according to the first temperature of the jth layer, the first temperature of the (j+1)th layer, the ice thickness in the ice and water thickness information of the jth layer, and the total thickness of ice and water in the jth layer.

[0179] S306 : Determine the first temperatures of the mth to Mth layers as the second temperatures of the mth to Mth layers.

[0180] At this time, the mth layer is an ice-water mixed layer.

[0181] The first temperature of each of the mth to Mth layers corresponds to the second temperature of each of the mth to Mth layers in a one-to-one correspondence. For example, the first temperature of the mth layer is determined as the second temperature of the mth layer.

[0182] S307. Determine the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer and the ice water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer.

[0183] Next, the process of determining the second temperature of the top to (m-2)th layers based on the first temperature of each of the top to (m-1)th layers and the ice and water thickness information of each of the top to (m-2)th layers is described.

[0184] In one implementation, for the kth layer, the second temperature of the kth layer is determined based on the first temperature of the kth layer, the first temperature of the (k+1)th layer, and the ice and water thickness information of the kth layer, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (m-2).

[0185] Specifically, the second temperature of the kth layer is determined according to the first temperature of the kth layer, the first temperature of the (k+1)th layer, the ice thickness in the ice and water thickness information of the kth layer, and the total thickness of ice and water in the kth layer.

[0186] S308. Determine the second temperature of the (m-1)th layer.

[0187] At this time, the (m-1)th layer is an ice-water mixed layer.

[0188] In one implementation, the second temperature of the (m-1)th layer is determined to be the melting point temperature.

[0189] S309: Determine the second temperature of the mth layer according to the ice water thickness information of the mth layer.

[0190] In one implementation, the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer and the second temperature of the m-th layer satisfy the following formula 3:

[0191]

[0192] Among them, T k,lid Indicates the second temperature of the mth layer, in K, Δz k,lid Indicates the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, in m, Δz k represents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer, ρ l Indicates the density of water, in m, with a value of 1000 kg·m -3 , c lid Represents the specific heat capacity of water, with a value of 4188.7 J·kg -1 ·K -1 , T f Indicates the melting point temperature, which is 273.15K.

[0193] In the embodiment of the present application, the units of the second temperature and the first temperature are both K, and the units of the water thickness, ice thickness, and total ice and water thickness are all m.

[0194] S310 , determining the first temperatures of the (m+1)th to Mth layers as the second temperatures of the (m+1)th to Mth layers.

[0195] The first temperatures of the (m+1)th to Mth layers correspond one-to-one to the second temperatures of the (m+1)th to Mth layers. For example, the first temperature of the (m+1)th layer is determined as the second temperature of the (m+1)th layer.

[0196] Beneficial effects of this embodiment: In this embodiment, when the top layer melts, by determining whether the water thickness of the top layer is less than the ice thickness of the mth layer, it is determined whether the ice in the mth layer has crossed over to the upper layer, that is, whether the mth layer is a mixed layer of ice and water or a pure water layer after the top layer melts. This can determine the impact of the surface melting process of the ice in the preset water area on the state of the mth layer. In addition, in this embodiment, when the ice in the mth layer has not crossed over to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer is determined based on the first temperature and ice-water thickness information of each of the top layer to the mth layer. This allows the temperatures of each of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer to be re-determined, while the temperatures of the other layers of the preset water area (the mth layer to the Mth layer) are not affected by the surface melting process of the ice. When the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer, the second temperature of the top to (m-2) layers is determined based on the respective first temperatures and ice-water thickness information of the top to (m-1) layers, and the second temperature of the (m-1) layer is determined. The second temperature of the m layer is determined based on the ice-water thickness information of the m layer. The temperatures of the top to m layers can be re-determined, and the temperatures of the other layers (the (m+1) to M layers) of the preset water area are not affected by the surface melting process of the ice. The second temperature of the layers affected by the surface melting process of the ice is determined based on whether the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer, accurately reflecting the impact of the surface melting process of the ice on the temperature of each layer of the preset water area, thereby more accurately determining the temperature of each of the multiple layers of the preset water area.

[0197] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ,like Figure 4 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0198] S401: Obtain first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of multiple layers of a preset water area, wherein the multiple layers are layers formed by stratifying the preset water area in a vertical direction.

[0199] S402: Determine whether the top layer in the multi-layer is melted.

[0200] If so, execute S404; otherwise, execute S403.

[0201] S403 , determining the first temperatures of the multiple layers as the second temperatures of the multiple layers.

[0202] S404: Determine whether the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is less than the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer.

[0203] Among them, the top layer is the layer connected to the atmosphere in the multilayer, the mth layer is the ice-water mixed layer in the multilayer, m is an integer greater than 1 or less than M, and M is the total number of multilayers.

[0204] If so, execute S405 to S407; otherwise, execute S408 to S412.

[0205] S405. For the i-th layer, determine the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer based on the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (m-1).

[0206] In one implementation, the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, and the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 1:

[0207]

[0208] Among them, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, in J·m -3 , Δz i,ice Indicates the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer, in meters, Δz i Indicates the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, in m, c ice represents the specific heat capacity of ice, which is 2052.3 J·kg -1 ·K -1 , T i Indicates the first temperature of the i-th layer, in K, T i+1 Indicates the first temperature of the (i+1)th layer, in K, L il Represents the phase change heat of water, with a value of 3.336×105J·kg -1 .

[0209] S406: Determine a second temperature of the i-th layer according to the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer.

[0210] In one implementation, the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer and the second temperature of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 2:

[0211]

[0212] Among them, T i,ice represents the second temperature of the i-th layer, h i.ice represents the enthalpy per unit volume of the i-th layer.

[0213] S407 : Determine the first temperatures of the mth to Mth layers as the second temperatures of the mth to Mth layers.

[0214] S408. For the i-th layer, determine the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer based on the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (m-2).

[0215] The specific implementation process is the same as S405 and will not be repeated here.

[0216] S409: Determine a second temperature of the i-th layer according to the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer.

[0217] The specific implementation process is the same as S406 and will not be repeated here.

[0218] S410: Determine the second temperature of the (m-1)th layer.

[0219] The specific implementation process is the same as S308 and will not be repeated here.

[0220] S411. Determine a second temperature of the mth layer according to the ice water thickness information of the mth layer.

[0221] The specific implementation process is the same as S309 and will not be repeated here.

[0222] S412. Determine the first temperature of each of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer as the second temperature of each of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer.

[0223] Beneficial effects of this embodiment: In this embodiment, when the ice in the m-th layer has not crossed over to the upper layer, for the i-th layer, the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer is determined based on the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer, and the second temperature of the i-th layer is determined based on the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (m-1). When the ice in the m-th layer crosses over to the upper layer, for the i-th layer, the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer is determined based on the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer, and the second temperature of the i-th layer is determined based on the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (m-2). Based on whether the ice in the mth layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer, the unit volume enthalpy is introduced to confirm the second temperature of the layer affected by the surface melting process of the ice in the multiple layers. The unit volume enthalpy can reflect the energy change of the surface melting process of the ice, and thus accurately reflect the impact of the surface melting process of the ice on the temperature of each layer of the preset water area, thereby more accurately determining the temperature of each layer of the preset water area.

[0224] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a water temperature determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 4 ,like Figure 5 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0225] S501. Constructing energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers, wherein the energy balance equations include heat fluxes corresponding to the multiple layers.

[0226] The energy balance equation may be referred to as the one-dimensional eddy-diffusion equation, the one-dimensional finite difference equation, or the fundamental governing equation.

[0227] In one implementation, for the p-th layer, an energy balance equation corresponding to the p-th layer is constructed with the first temperature as the prediction variable. The energy balance equation corresponding to the p-th layer includes the heat flux of the p-th layer, where p is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M.

[0228] The energy balance equation satisfies the following formula 5:

[0229]

[0230] in, Q p represents the heat flux of the pth layer, in W·m -2 , T p Indicates the first temperature of the pth layer in K, t is the current time in seconds, z p Indicates the depth of the pth layer from the preset water surface, in m, A p (z p ) represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the pth layer, in m -2 , d p represents the molecular diffusion coefficient of the pth layer, D p (z p ,t) represents the eddy diffusion coefficient of the pth layer, φ represents the shortwave radiation flux, the unit is W·m -2 , C p represents the specific heat capacity of the p-th layer.

[0231] When the pth layer is one of the top to mth layers, d p The value is 9.912×10-5m -2 ·s -1 , C p The value is 2.052×106J·m -3 ·K -1 .

[0232] When the pth layer is one of the (m+1)th to Mth layers, d p The value is 1.433×10-5m -2 ·s -1 , C p The value is 4.188×106J·m -3 ·K-1 .

[0233] D p (z p ,t) is determined according to the depth of the p-th layer and the current moment. For its specific implementation process, please refer to the existing technology and will not be repeated here.

[0234] In one implementation, constructing energy balance equations corresponding to multiple layers can be understood as constructing a first energy balance equation group corresponding to a preset water area, where the first energy balance equation group includes energy balance equations corresponding to M layers.

[0235] S502. Substitute preset boundary conditions into the energy balance equations corresponding to each of the multiple layers. The preset boundary conditions include: the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer, the condition of the ice-water mixed layer, and the heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the Mth layer.

[0236] The following describes the process of substituting the preset boundary conditions into the energy balance equations corresponding to each layer.

[0237] In one implementation,

[0238] Substitute the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer into the energy balance equation corresponding to the top layer;

[0239] Substitute the conditions of the ice-water mixed layer into the energy balance equation corresponding to the mth layer;

[0240] Substitute the heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the Mth layer into the energy balance equation corresponding to the Mth layer.

[0241] In one implementation, the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer is: the heat flux of the upper boundary of the top layer satisfies the following formula 4:

[0242] Q1=S n +L n -H s -LE+R p (Formula 4)

[0243] Where Q1 represents the heat flux at the upper boundary of the top layer, in W·m -2 , L n Represents the net longwave radiation flux in W·m -2 , H s Indicates sensible heat flux, unit is W·m -2 , LE represents the latent heat flux, the unit is W·m -2 , R p The heat flux carried by precipitation into the lake is expressed in W·m -2 .

[0244] Substituting the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer into the energy balance equation corresponding to the top layer can be understood as substituting Formula 4 into the energy balance equation corresponding to the top layer.

[0245] In one implementation, the condition of the ice-water mixed layer is: the first temperature of the mth layer is equal to the melting point temperature.

[0246] Substituting the conditions of the ice-water mixed layer into the energy balance equation corresponding to the mth layer can be understood as replacing the energy balance equation corresponding to the mth layer with T p =273.15K, at this time, p=m.

[0247] In one implementation, the heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the Mth layer is: the heat flux of the lower boundary of the Mth layer is equal to 0.

[0248] Substituting the heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the Mth layer into the energy balance equation corresponding to the Mth layer, it can be understood that Q p Substitute =0 into the energy balance equation corresponding to the Mth layer, now p=M.

[0249] In one implementation, substituting the preset boundary conditions into the energy balance equations corresponding to each of the multiple layers can be understood as substituting the preset boundary conditions into the first energy balance equation group to obtain the second energy balance equation group, which includes the energy balance equations corresponding to each of the M layers after substituting the preset boundary conditions.

[0250] S503 , solving the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers after substituting the preset boundary conditions, and obtaining the first temperatures of the multiple layers.

[0251] In one implementation, the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers after substituting the preset boundary conditions are solved to obtain the first temperatures of the multiple layers. This can be understood as solving the second energy balance equation group to obtain the first temperatures of the multiple layers.

[0252] The following describes in detail the process of solving the second energy balance equations to obtain the first temperatures of each of the multiple layers.

[0253] In one implementation,

[0254] Using the Crank-Nicolson difference scheme, each energy balance equation in the second energy balance equation group is discretized to obtain the first discrete equation group;

[0255] The first discrete equation group is solved to obtain the first temperature of each of the M layers.

[0256] In the embodiment of the present application, the Crank-Nicolson difference format is used to discretize each energy balance equation in the second energy balance equation group, which can make the first temperature finally solved more accurate.

[0257] In one implementation, the first discrete equation group may be solved using a chasing method.

[0258] Optionally, the first discrete equation system is a tridiagonal equation system.

[0259] S504: Determine ice water thickness information of each of the multiple layers according to the first temperatures of each of the multiple layers.

[0260] The specific implementation process can be found in the prior art and will not be described here in detail.

[0261] S505: Execute S401 to S412, which will not be repeated here.

[0262] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: In the related art, the temperature profiles of the mixed layer and thermocline, as well as the linear profile of the ice layer, of a predetermined water area are determined based on formulas to determine the temperatures of each of the multiple layers. In this embodiment, energy balance equations corresponding to each of the multiple layers are constructed, including the corresponding heat fluxes of each layer. Preset boundary conditions are substituted into the energy balance equations corresponding to each of the multiple layers, including the heat flux condition at the upper boundary of the top layer, the condition of the ice-water mixed layer, and the heat flux condition at the lower boundary of the Mth layer. The energy balance equations corresponding to each of the multiple layers, after substituting the preset boundary conditions, are solved to obtain the first temperatures of each of the multiple layers. Based on the first temperatures of each of the multiple layers, ice-water thickness information of each of the multiple layers is determined. Compared to the related art, the embodiment of the present application constructs energy balance equations corresponding to each of the multiple layers, substitutes the preset boundary conditions, and solves them to obtain the first temperatures of each of the multiple layers. This reduces empirical dependence and improves the accuracy of first temperature determination. This provides strong support for determining the second temperatures of layers affected by the surface melting process of ice within the multiple layers, accurately reflects the impact of the surface melting process of ice on the temperatures of each layer in the predetermined water area, and more accurately determines the temperatures of each of the multiple layers in the predetermined water area. In addition, the related art only considers the mixed layer and thermocline of the preset water area, and does not consider the deep water layer of the preset water area, which will lead to inaccurate determination of the temperature of the bottom area of ​​the preset water area. The embodiment of the present application solves the energy balance equation corresponding to each layer of the preset water area to obtain the first temperature corresponding to the multiple layers, which can more accurately determine the temperature of each layer of the preset water area.

[0263] Figure 6 This is a comparison diagram of temperature profiles at different times and depths provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 6As shown, it includes a first temperature profile and a second temperature profile of a preset water area. The horizontal axis in the temperature profile represents time (for example, June 2002), the vertical axis represents depth (Depth), and the unit is meter. The color represents the magnitude of the temperature.

[0264] In the related art, the magnitude of the temperature can be obtained according to the temperature, and the higher the temperature, the higher the magnitude.

[0265] The first temperature profile is a temperature profile obtained by observing the temperatures of each layer of the preset water area at multiple moments.

[0266] The second temperature profile is a temperature profile obtained by measuring the second temperature of each layer of the preset water area at multiple moments, wherein the second temperature of each layer of the preset water area at each moment is obtained according to the method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0267] From the first temperature profile and the second temperature profile, it can be seen that the temperature change trends of each layer of the preset water area are consistent over time. In other words, the second temperature determined by the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is relatively accurate.

[0268] The following is a comparison of the error statistics of the second temperature obtained by the method provided in the embodiment of the present application and the error statistics of the temperature obtained by using the related technology (Flake model) in conjunction with Table 1.

[0269] Table 1 Comparison of temperature error statistics

[0270] Correlation coefficient Root mean square error (℃) Embodiments of the present application 0.98 2.37 Related technologies 0.97 5.08

[0271] As can be seen from Table 1, the correlation coefficient of the second temperature obtained using the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is 0.98, and the correlation coefficient of the temperature obtained using the related art is 0.97. The root mean square error of the second temperature obtained using the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is 2.37°C, and the root mean square error of the temperature obtained using the related art is 5.08°C, indicating that the second temperature obtained using the method provided in the embodiment of the present application has a high correlation with the observed temperature, and the error between the second temperature obtained using the method provided in the embodiment of the present application and the observed temperature is smaller. In other words, the second temperature obtained using the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is more accurate.

[0272] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a water temperature determination device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 7 As shown, the water temperature determining device 70 includes an acquisition module 701 and a processing module 702 .

[0273] An acquisition module 701 is configured to acquire first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of multiple layers of a preset water area; wherein the multiple layers are obtained by stratifying the preset water area in a vertical direction;

[0274] Processing module 702 is configured to determine, when a top layer of the multiple layers melts, whether ice in the mth layer has crossed over to an upper layer based on ice-water thickness information of the top layer and ice-water thickness information of the mth layer; wherein the top layer is a layer in the multiple layers connected to the atmosphere, the mth layer is an ice-water mixed layer in the multiple layers, m is an integer greater than 1 or less than M, and M is the total number of the multiple layers;

[0275] The processing module 702 is further configured to determine a second temperature for each of the multiple layers based on the first temperatures of the multiple layers and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer if the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer;

[0276] The processing module 702 is also used to determine the second temperature of each of the multiple layers if the ice in the m-th layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer, based on the first temperature of each of the top to (m-1)-th layers, the first temperature of each of the (m+1)-th layers, the ice and water thickness information of each of the top to (m-2)-th layers, and the ice and water thickness information of the m-th layer.

[0277] The water temperature determination device 70 provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0278] In one implementation, the processing module 702 is specifically configured to:

[0279] determining whether the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is less than the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer;

[0280] If the water thickness is less than the ice thickness, it is determined that the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer;

[0281] If the water thickness is greater than or equal to the ice thickness, it is determined that the ice in the m-th layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer.

[0282] The water temperature determination device 70 provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0283] In one implementation, the processing module 702 is specifically configured to:

[0284] Determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the m-th layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer;

[0285] The first temperatures of the m-th layer to the M-th layer are determined as the second temperatures of the m-th layer to the M-th layer.

[0286] In one implementation, the processing module 702 is specifically configured to:

[0287] Determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer;

[0288] determining a second temperature of the (m-1)th layer;

[0289] determining a second temperature of the mth layer according to the ice water thickness information of the mth layer;

[0290] The first temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer are determined as the second temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer.

[0291] The water temperature determination device 70 provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0292] In one implementation, the processing module 702 is specifically configured to:

[0293] Determine the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer according to the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer;

[0294] A second temperature of the i-th layer is determined according to the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer.

[0295] In one implementation, the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, and the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 1:

[0296]

[0297] Among them, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, ρ l represents the density of water, Δz i,ice represents the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer, Δz irepresents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, c ice is the specific heat capacity of ice, T i represents the first temperature of the i-th layer, T f Indicates the melting point temperature, T i+1 represents the first temperature of the (i+1)th layer, L il Represents the phase change heat of water.

[0298] In one implementation, the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer and the second temperature of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 2:

[0299]

[0300] Among them, T i,ice represents the second temperature of the i-th layer, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, ρ l Indicates the density of water, L il represents the phase change heat of water, c ice is the specific heat capacity of ice, T f Represents the melting point temperature.

[0301] In one implementation, the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer and the second temperature of the m-th layer satisfy the following formula 3:

[0302]

[0303] Among them, T m,lid represents the second temperature of the mth layer, Δz m,lid represents the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, Δz m represents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer, ρ l represents the density of water, c lid represents the specific heat capacity of water, T f Represents the melting point temperature.

[0304] The water temperature determination device 70 provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0305] In one implementation, the acquisition module 701 is specifically configured to:

[0306] Constructing an energy balance equation corresponding to each of the multiple layers, wherein the energy balance equation includes a heat flux corresponding to each of the multiple layers;

[0307] Substituting preset boundary conditions into the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers, the preset boundary conditions include: the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer, the condition of the ice-water mixed layer, and the heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the Mth layer;

[0308] Solving the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers after substituting preset boundary conditions to obtain the first temperatures of the multiple layers;

[0309] According to the first temperatures of the multiple layers, ice and water thickness information of the multiple layers is determined.

[0310] In one implementation, the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer is that the heat flux of the upper boundary of the top layer satisfies the following formula 4:

[0311] Q1=S n +L n -H s -LE+R p (Formula 4)

[0312] Where Q1 represents the heat flux at the upper boundary of the top layer, L n represents the net longwave radiation flux, H s represents sensible heat flux, LE represents latent heat flux, R p represents the heat flux carried by precipitation into the lake;

[0313] The condition of the ice-water mixed layer is that the first temperature of the mth layer is equal to the melting point temperature;

[0314] The heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the M-th layer is that the heat flux of the lower boundary of the M-th layer is equal to 0.

[0315] The water temperature determination device 70 provided in the embodiment of the present application can execute the technical solution shown in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0316] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device 80 includes a processor 801 and a memory 802. The processor 801 is in communication with the memory 802, and the memory 802 is used to store computer-executable instructions. The processor 801 is configured to execute the technical solution of any of the aforementioned method embodiments by executing the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 802.

[0317] Optionally, the memory 802 may be independent or integrated with the processor 801. Optionally, when the memory 802 is a device independent of the processor 801, the electronic device 800 may further include a bus 803 for connecting the above devices.

[0318] The electronic device is used to execute the technical solution in any of the aforementioned method embodiments, and its implementation principles and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0319] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the technical solution provided by any of the aforementioned method embodiments.

[0320] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which is used to implement the technical solution provided by the aforementioned method embodiment when executed by a processor.

[0321] It should be noted that for the aforementioned method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that this application is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to this application, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in this specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by this application.

[0322] It should be further noted that, although the various steps in the flowchart are shown in sequence as indicated by the arrows, these steps are not necessarily performed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless otherwise specified herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and these steps may be performed in other orders. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in the flowchart may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, and these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily to be performed in sequence, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0323] It should be understood that the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and the device of the present application may also be implemented in other ways. For example, the division of units / modules in the above-described embodiments is merely a logical functional division, and actual implementations may employ other division methods. For example, multiple units, modules, or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted or not implemented.

[0324] In addition, unless otherwise specified, the functional units / modules in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single unit / module, each unit / module may exist physically separately, or two or more units / modules may be integrated together. The aforementioned integrated units / modules may be implemented in the form of hardware or software program modules.

[0325] If the integrated unit / module is implemented in hardware, the hardware may be digital circuits, analog circuits, etc. The physical implementation of the hardware structure includes, but is not limited to, transistors, memristors, etc. Unless otherwise specified, the processor may be any appropriate hardware processor, such as a CPU, GPU, FPGA, DSP, and ASIC. Unless otherwise specified, the storage unit may be any appropriate magnetic storage medium or magneto-optical storage medium, such as resistive random access memory (RRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), enhanced dynamic random access memory (EDRAM), high-bandwidth memory (HBM), hybrid memory cube (HMC), etc.

[0326] If the integrated unit / module is implemented in the form of a software program module and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable memory. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a memory and includes a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned memory includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a mobile hard disk, a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0327] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant description of other embodiments. The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0328] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present application that follow the general principles of the present application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of the present application are indicated by the following claims.

[0329] It should be understood that the present application is not limited to the exact structure described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining water temperature, characterized in that: The method comprises: Acquiring first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of multiple layers of a preset water area; wherein the multiple layers are obtained by stratifying the preset water area in a vertical direction; When a top layer in the multiple layers melts, determining whether ice in the mth layer has crossed over to an upper layer based on ice-water thickness information of the top layer and ice-water thickness information of the mth layer; wherein the top layer is a layer in the multiple layers connected to the atmosphere, the mth layer is an ice-water mixed layer in the multiple layers, m is an integer greater than 1 or less than M, and M is the total number of the multiple layers; If the ice in the m-th layer does not cross the boundary of the upper layer, determining the second temperature of each of the multiple layers according to the first temperature of each of the multiple layers and the ice and water thickness information of each of the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer; If the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer, the second temperature of each of the multiple layers is determined based on the first temperature of each of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer, the first temperature of each of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer, the ice and water thickness information of each of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer, and the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining, based on the ice-water thickness information of the top layer and the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, whether the ice in the mth layer crosses the boundary to the upper layer includes: determining whether the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the top layer is less than the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the m-th layer; If the water thickness is less than the ice thickness, it is determined that the ice in the mth layer has not crossed the boundary to the upper layer; If the water thickness is greater than or equal to the ice thickness, it is determined that the ice in the m-th layer has crossed the boundary to the upper layer.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The determining of the second temperatures of the multiple layers according to the first temperatures of the multiple layers and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer includes: Determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the m-th layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer; The first temperatures of the m-th layer to the M-th layer are determined as the second temperatures of the m-th layer to the M-th layer.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The determining of the second temperatures of the multiple layers according to the respective first temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer, the respective first temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer, the respective ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer, and the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer includes: Determining the second temperatures of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer according to the first temperatures of the top layer to the (m-1)th layer and the ice and water thickness information of the top layer to the (m-2)th layer; determining a second temperature of the (m-1)th layer; determining a second temperature of the mth layer according to the ice water thickness information of the mth layer; The first temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer are determined as the second temperatures of the (m+1)th layer to the Mth layer.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that For any i-th layer from the top layer to the (m-1)-th layer, or any i-th layer from the top layer to the (m-2)-th layer, determining the second temperature of the i-th layer according to the first temperature of the i-th layer and ice water thickness information, including: Determine the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer according to the first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, and the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer; A second temperature of the i-th layer is determined according to the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The first temperature of the i-th layer, the first temperature of the (i+1)-th layer, the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, and the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 1: Among them, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, ρ l represents the density of water, Δz i,ice represents the ice thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the i-th layer, Δz i represents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the i-th layer, c ice is the specific heat capacity of ice, T i represents the first temperature of the i-th layer, T f Indicates the melting point temperature, T i+1 represents the first temperature of the (i+1)th layer, L il Represents the phase change heat of water.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that The unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer and the second temperature of the i-th layer satisfy the following formula 2: Among them, T i,ice represents the second temperature of the i-th layer, h i.ice represents the unit volume enthalpy of the i-th layer, ρ l Indicates the density of water, L il represents the phase change heat of water, c ice is the specific heat capacity of ice, T f Represents the melting point temperature.

8. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that: The ice water thickness information of the mth layer and the second temperature of the mth layer satisfy the following formula 3: Among them, T m,lid represents the second temperature of the mth layer, Δz m,lid represents the water thickness in the ice-water thickness information of the mth layer, Δz m represents the total thickness of ice and water in the ice and water thickness information of the mth layer, ρ l represents the density of water, c lid represents the specific heat capacity of water, T f Represents the melting point temperature.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The obtaining of the first temperature and ice water thickness information of each of the multiple layers of the preset water area includes: Constructing an energy balance equation corresponding to each of the multiple layers, wherein the energy balance equation includes a heat flux corresponding to each of the multiple layers; Substituting preset boundary conditions into the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers, the preset boundary conditions include: the heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer, the condition of the ice-water mixed layer, and the heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the Mth layer; Solving the energy balance equations corresponding to the multiple layers after substituting preset boundary conditions to obtain the first temperatures of the multiple layers; According to the first temperatures of the multiple layers, ice and water thickness information of the multiple layers is determined.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The heat flux condition of the upper boundary of the top layer is that the heat flux of the upper boundary of the top layer satisfies the following formula 4: Q1=S n +L n -H s -LE+R p (Formula 4) Where Q1 represents the heat flux at the upper boundary of the top layer, L n represents the net longwave radiation flux, H s represents sensible heat flux, LE represents latent heat flux, R p represents the heat flux carried by precipitation into the lake; The condition of the ice-water mixed layer is that the first temperature of the mth layer is equal to the melting point temperature; The heat flux condition of the lower boundary of the M-th layer is that the heat flux of the lower boundary of the M-th layer is equal to 0.

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