A building carbon emission dynamic monitoring method and system based on BIM

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of carbon emission monitoring and calculation, and provides a building carbon emission dynamic monitoring method and system based on BIM, which comprises the following steps: predicting the load level of building equipment in different operation periods and the duration of different load levels in the operation period under the current working condition by combining the historical parameters of the building equipment in multiple historical operation periods under the same working condition with a load level-carbon emission factor database, and performing load switching fluctuation analysis to preliminarily determine whether carbon emission dynamic calculation based on carbon emission factors is performed; if yes, performing multiple comparisons between the carbon emission dynamic calculation result based on carbon emission factors and the carbon emission average calculation result, evaluating the stability of the difference offset of carbon emission factors, and establishing a carbon emission calculation mechanism that can meet the accurate calculation of carbon emission and eliminate the difference offset of carbon emission factors, thereby effectively eliminating the carbon emission calculation deviation caused by the difference of carbon emission factors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of carbon emission monitoring and calculation technology, specifically a BIM-based method and system for dynamic monitoring of building carbon emissions. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the calculation and management of carbon emissions in the construction industry has gradually gained attention. However, existing carbon emission calculation methods still have many limitations in practical applications and are difficult to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction as well as the need for precise management.

[0003] In existing technologies, BIM-based dynamic monitoring and calculation of carbon emissions from building equipment often lacks a refined load level classification based on actual equipment operating parameters and a corresponding carbon emission factor database. In most cases, calculations using uniform and somewhat crude carbon emission factors fail to accurately reflect the actual carbon emissions of building equipment under different load conditions. Traditional carbon emission calculation methods often employ averaging, calculating total carbon emissions based on the equipment's total energy consumption over a certain period and a uniform carbon emission factor. This ignores the dynamic changes in carbon emissions from building equipment under different load levels and fails to capture fluctuations in carbon emissions during load switching, resulting in incomplete and inaccurate monitoring, calculation, and assessment of carbon emissions.

[0004] In practical applications, the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting is not assessed, which may lead to a lack of consistency and comparability in the calculated carbon emission results, and thus fail to provide reliable support for the long-term carbon emission management and optimization of building equipment.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a method and system for dynamic monitoring of building carbon emissions based on BIM. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background art is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: a BIM-based method for dynamic monitoring of building carbon emissions, comprising the following processing steps:

[0008] Based on the core operating parameters of building equipment throughout its complete operating cycle, and combined with the K-means algorithm, a database of load levels and carbon emission factors for building equipment is constructed.

[0009] By using historical parameters of building equipment in multiple historical operating cycles under the same working conditions, and combining them with the load level-carbon emission factor database, the load level of building equipment in different operating periods and the duration of different load levels can be predicted in the current operating cycle.

[0010] Based on the load levels and historical parameters of building equipment during different operating periods under current conditions, load switching fluctuation analysis is conducted to preliminarily determine whether the dynamic calculation of carbon emissions is based on carbon emission factors.

[0011] If so, then within multiple historical operating cycles under the same working conditions, the duration of different load levels and the load level-carbon emission factor database are combined to conduct multiple comparisons between the dynamic carbon emission calculation results based on carbon emission factors and the average carbon emission calculation results, and to evaluate the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset.

[0012] Based on the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting, a carbon emission calculation mechanism is established that can both accurately calculate carbon emissions and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

[0013] Furthermore, the load level-carbon emission factor database is constructed as follows:

[0014] Obtain the core operating parameters of building equipment at different operating time points within the complete operation cycle, and integrate them into a core operating parameter sequence according to time sequence;

[0015] The K-means algorithm is used to cluster the core operating parameter sequence. The load level is divided according to the value range constructed by the median value of the cluster center, and the core operating parameter sequence is segmented according to the load level.

[0016] Based on the core operating parameter subsequences obtained after segmentation, the operating power of building equipment under different core operating parameters is obtained, and the average power is obtained by summing them.

[0017] By combining the average power and the regional power grid carbon emission factor, the carbon emission factor corresponding to the load level is calculated and aggregated to obtain the load level-carbon emission factor database.

[0018] Furthermore, the process for predicting the load level of the runtime segment is as follows:

[0019] The historical operating cycle is divided into several operating segments of equal duration. Historical parameters at different operating time points within each operating segment are obtained and averaged to obtain the average historical parameters of the operating segment.

[0020] The historical parameter averages of the runtime segment under multiple identical operating conditions are obtained, and then averaged again to obtain the second average of the historical parameters of the runtime segment.

[0021] The load level of the operating period is determined by matching the quadratic mean of the historical parameters of the operating period with the load levels contained in the load level-carbon emission factor database.

[0022] The prediction process for the duration of the different load levels is as follows:

[0023] The number of runtime segments corresponding to the load level is counted, and the result is multiplied by the duration of the runtime segments to obtain the duration of the load level.

[0024] Furthermore, the process of performing load switching fluctuation analysis is as follows:

[0025] Based on the load level of different operating segments within the operating cycle;

[0026] If the load levels of adjacent operating segments are inconsistent, it indicates that a load level switch has occurred between adjacent operating segments.

[0027] Based on load level switching, the load level switching frequency value and load switching degree value are obtained;

[0028] The load switching frequency value and the load switching degree value are multiplied together to obtain the load switching fluctuation value.

[0029] If the load switching fluctuation value is greater than or equal to the load switching fluctuation threshold, it is preliminarily determined that dynamic carbon emission calculation based on carbon emission factors is required.

[0030] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the load level switching frequency value is as follows:

[0031] The number of load level switching events occurring within an operating cycle is counted, and the ratio is calculated with a switching frequency threshold to obtain the load level switching frequency value.

[0032] The maximum number of load level switching events is specified as: number of running segments - 1.

[0033] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the load switching degree value is as follows:

[0034] The absolute difference of the second-order average of the historical parameters corresponding to adjacent operating periods during load level switching is processed to obtain the load switching parameter value.

[0035] All load switching parameter values ​​are averaged and then the ratio of these values ​​to the maximum load switching parameter value is calculated to obtain the load switching degree value.

[0036] The maximum load switching parameter value is the absolute difference between the second mean of the maximum historical parameters and the second mean of the minimum historical parameters corresponding to the operating period.

[0037] Furthermore, the process for assessing the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting is as follows:

[0038] Based on the load level-carbon emission factor database, the load level and duration of different operating periods within the historical operating cycle are determined, and the dynamic calculation results of carbon emissions for the historical operating cycle are obtained through calculation and processing.

[0039] The deviation between the average carbon emission calculation result and the dynamic carbon emission calculation result is calculated to obtain the carbon emission calculation error;

[0040] If the carbon emission calculation error is within the preset error range, the historical operating cycle will be marked as the difference offset cycle.

[0041] If the carbon emission calculation error is not within the preset error range, the historical operating cycle will be marked as a non-difference offset cycle.

[0042] Based on the difference offset period and the non-difference offset period, the carbon emission difference offset frequency value and the carbon emission difference offset degree value are obtained;

[0043] The difference between the carbon emission difference offset frequency value and the carbon emission difference offset degree value is calculated to obtain the difference offset stability value;

[0044] If the stability value of the difference offset is greater than or equal to the stability threshold of the difference offset, it indicates that the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset is high; otherwise, the stability is low.

[0045] Furthermore, the carbon emission difference offset frequency value and the carbon emission difference offset degree value are obtained in the following way:

[0046] The carbon emission difference offset frequency value is obtained by calculating the proportion of the number of cycles in the historical operating cycle of the difference offset cycle.

[0047] The carbon emission calculation errors of all non-differential offsetting periods are processed by absolute value and then averaged to obtain the average absolute error of carbon emission calculation. The deviation ratio is then calculated with the maximum endpoint value of the preset error range to obtain the carbon emission difference offsetting degree value.

[0048] Furthermore, the process for establishing the carbon emission calculation mechanism is as follows:

[0049] If the stability is high, the carbon emission average calculation method is maintained over the operating cycle;

[0050] If the stability is low, the average carbon emission calculation method will be changed during the operating cycle, and a dynamic carbon emission calculation method will be adopted.

[0051] A BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for building carbon emissions includes the following processing modules:

[0052] Carbon emission database construction module: Based on the core operating parameters of building equipment during its complete operating cycle, and combined with the K-means algorithm, a database of load levels and carbon emission factors for building equipment is constructed.

[0053] Load forecasting module: By using historical parameters of building equipment in multiple historical operating cycles under the same operating conditions, and combining them with the load level-carbon emission factor database, the module predicts the load level and duration of different operating segments of building equipment in the current operating cycle.

[0054] Carbon emission dynamic calculation and analysis module: Based on the load level and historical parameters of building equipment during different operating periods in the current operating cycle, load switching fluctuation analysis is performed to preliminarily determine whether carbon emission dynamic calculation is based on carbon emission factors.

[0055] Difference offsetting stability analysis module: If so, then in the historical operating cycles under multiple identical working conditions, combined with the duration of different load levels and the load level-carbon emission factor database, the dynamic carbon emission calculation results based on carbon emission factors and the average carbon emission calculation results are compared multiple times to evaluate the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

[0056] Carbon emission calculation mechanism establishment module: Based on the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting, establish a carbon emission calculation mechanism that can both accurately calculate carbon emissions and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

[0057] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: A load level-carbon emission factor database for building equipment is constructed based on the core operating parameters of the building equipment throughout its complete operating cycle and combined with the K-means algorithm; by using historical parameters of the building equipment in multiple historical operating cycles under the same operating conditions, and combining this with the load level-carbon emission factor database, the load level and duration of different operating segments within the current operating cycle of the building equipment are predicted; load switching fluctuation analysis is performed based on the load level and historical parameters of different operating segments within the current operating cycle of the building equipment, to preliminarily determine whether the dynamic carbon emission calculation is based on carbon emission factors; if so, the calculation is further performed by combining the duration of different load levels and... This invention utilizes a load level-carbon emission factor database to perform multiple comparisons between dynamic carbon emission calculations based on carbon emission factors and average carbon emission calculations, assessing the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting. Based on the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting, a carbon emission calculation mechanism is established that can both accurately calculate carbon emissions and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting. This invention achieves dynamic and refined calculation of carbon emissions from building equipment, overcoming the limitations of average calculations. By predicting load levels and durations and assessing the stability of difference offsetting, it effectively eliminates carbon emission calculation bias caused by carbon emission factor differences, establishing a carbon emission calculation mechanism that can both accurately calculate carbon emissions and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting, thus improving the accuracy and efficiency of carbon emission calculation. Attached Figure Description

[0058] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a BIM-based dynamic monitoring method for building carbon emissions according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 2 This is a logic diagram of a BIM-based dynamic monitoring method for building carbon emissions as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for building carbon emissions, as described in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0063] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-2 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a BIM-based method for dynamic monitoring of building carbon emissions includes:

[0064] Step 1: Based on the core operating parameters of building equipment during its complete operating cycle, and combined with the K-means algorithm, construct a database of load levels and carbon emission factors for building equipment;

[0065] In step one, the complete work cycle refers to the typical work cycle duration of a construction equipment in an actual construction scenario, which includes "start-run-stop" or "alternating multiple working conditions". It must be able to cover all possible operating states of the equipment (such as low load, high load, no load, etc.) to ensure that the monitoring data can reflect the actual working pattern of the equipment.

[0066] In step one, the core operating parameters of the building equipment during the complete operation cycle include, but are not limited to, electrical power, current, and fuel consumption rate.

[0067] For example, the core operating parameters can be determined in the following ways:

[0068] Method 1:

[0069] Electrical equipment (such as welding machines, concrete vibrators, and handheld drills): The core parameters are "rated power percentage" or "current value" (power and current are positively correlated, and either can be chosen). For example, a welding machine has a rated power of 30kW, but the actual power fluctuates between 5-28kW.

[0070] Method 2:

[0071] Fuel / gas-fired equipment (such as diesel generators and gas-fired cutting machines): The core parameters are "rated load percentage" or "fuel consumption rate (L / h)". For example, a small diesel generator with a rated load of 10kW and an actual load fluctuation of 3-10kW corresponds to a fuel consumption rate of 1.2-3.0L / h.

[0072] In step one, the construction method for the building equipment load level-carbon emission factor database is as follows:

[0073] Obtain the core operating parameters Xh of the building equipment at different operating time points within the complete operation cycle, and integrate them into a core operating parameter sequence according to time sequence. For example, the current data of the welding machine is [80A, 150A, 50A, 200A, ...].

[0074] The K-means algorithm was used to cluster the core operating parameter sequence. The number of clusters was selected as K=3. After clustering, three cluster center values ​​were obtained, namely the first cluster center value, the second cluster center value, and the third cluster center value.

[0075] Among them, the value of the first cluster center is less than the value of the second cluster center, which is less than the value of the third cluster center.

[0076] Calculate boundary values: the boundary between low load and medium load is the median value Xy of the first and second cluster centers; the boundary between medium load and high load is the median value Xr of the second and third cluster centers. The load level is determined by the value range constructed based on the median values ​​of the first and second cluster centers and the median values ​​of the second and third cluster centers.

[0077] Specifically, (0≤Xh≤Xy) corresponds to low load, (Xy<Xh≤Xr) corresponds to medium load, and (Xr<Xh) corresponds to high load.

[0078] For example, if the first cluster center value, the second cluster center value, and the third cluster center value are 1.5L / h, 2.2L / h, and 2.8L / h (fuel consumption rate), respectively.

[0079] Calculate boundary values;

[0080] The boundary between low and medium load: take the median value between the first and second cluster centers, i.e. (1.5+2.2) / 2=1.85L / h;

[0081] The boundary between medium and high load: take the median value between the second and third cluster centers, i.e. (2.2+2.8) / 2=2.5L / h;

[0082] The load levels are classified as follows:

[0083] Low load: ≤1.85L / h (corresponding to cluster 1, center 1.5L / h);

[0084] Medium load: 1.85-2.5L / h (corresponding to cluster 2, center 2.2L / h);

[0085] High load: >2.5L / h (corresponding to cluster 3, center 2.8L / h);

[0086] The core operating parameter sequence is divided according to the load level to obtain the core operating parameter sub-sequences corresponding to different load levels;

[0087] For example, in the core operating parameter subsequence corresponding to the low load level (≤1.85L / h), all core parameters are less than or equal to ≤1.85L / h;

[0088] Based on any load level;

[0089] Based on the core operating parameter subsequences corresponding to the load level, the operating power of building equipment under different core operating parameters is obtained, and the average power is obtained by summing them.

[0090] For example, a diesel generator operates at a power of 3kW with a fuel consumption rate of 1.2L / h.

[0091] By combining the average power and the regional power grid carbon emission factor, the carbon emission factor corresponding to the load level is calculated. The carbon emission factors corresponding to different load levels are then aggregated to obtain a load level-carbon emission factor database.

[0092] The carbon emission factor (kgCO2 / h) corresponding to the load level is calculated as: average load level power (kW) * regional power grid carbon emission factor (kgCO2 / kWh). The regional power grid carbon emission factor is based on the local power grid average carbon emission factor (e.g., approximately 0.6 kgCO2 / kWh in North China and approximately 0.55 kgCO2 / kWh in East China, which can be obtained from the "Guidelines for the Compilation of Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories").

[0093] Step 2: By using historical parameters of building equipment in multiple historical operating cycles under the same working conditions, and combining them with the load level-carbon emission factor database, predict the load level and duration of different operating segments of the building equipment in the current operating cycle.

[0094] In step two, the historical parameters within the historical operating cycle are the same as the core operating parameters of the building equipment;

[0095] In step two, the load level prediction process for the operating segment is as follows:

[0096] The historical operating cycle is divided into several operating segments of equal duration. Historical parameters at different operating time points within each operating segment are obtained and averaged to obtain the average historical parameters of the operating segment.

[0097] Based on any runtime segment, obtain the historical parameter average of the runtime segment under multiple identical operating conditions, and then perform mean-averaging again to obtain the second mean of the historical parameters of the runtime segment.

[0098] The load level of the operating period is determined by matching the quadratic mean of the historical parameters of the operating period with the load levels contained in the load level-carbon emission factor database.

[0099] For example, if the historical average of the operating segment's parameters is 1.8L / h, and 1.8L / h ≤ 1.85L / h, then the operating segment is at a low load level.

[0100] In step two, the prediction process for the duration of different load levels is as follows:

[0101] Based on any load level, count the number of runtime segments corresponding to the load level, and multiply the number of runtime segments by the runtime segment duration to obtain the duration of the load level.

[0102] Step 3: Based on the load levels and historical parameters of the building equipment during different operating periods in the current operating cycle, conduct load switching fluctuation analysis to preliminarily determine whether to perform dynamic carbon emission calculation based on carbon emission factors.

[0103] In step three, the process of performing load switching fluctuation analysis is as follows:

[0104] Based on the load levels of different operating segments within the operating cycle, compare the load levels of adjacent operating segments;

[0105] If the load levels of adjacent operating segments are inconsistent, it indicates that a load level switch has occurred between adjacent operating segments.

[0106] If the load levels of adjacent operating segments are the same, it means that no load level switching has occurred between adjacent operating segments;

[0107] It should be noted that consistent load levels indicate that adjacent operating periods are all under low, medium, or high load, while inconsistent load levels indicate different load levels.

[0108] The number of load level switching events occurring within an operating cycle is counted, and the ratio is calculated with a switching frequency threshold to obtain the load level switching frequency value.

[0109] The maximum number of load level switching events that occur, specifically the switching count threshold, is: number of running segments - 1.

[0110] Based on any single load level switch;

[0111] The absolute difference of the second-order average of the historical parameters corresponding to adjacent operating periods during load level switching is processed to obtain the load switching parameter value.

[0112] It is understandable that the load switching parameter values ​​reflect the changes in operating parameters when switching load levels between adjacent operating periods;

[0113] All load switching parameter values ​​are averaged and then the ratio of these values ​​to the maximum load switching parameter value is calculated to obtain the load switching degree value.

[0114] Among them, the maximum load switching parameter value is the absolute difference between the second mean of the maximum historical parameter and the second mean of the minimum historical parameter corresponding to the running segment;

[0115] The load switching frequency value and the load switching degree value are multiplied together to obtain the load switching fluctuation value.

[0116] It is understandable that the physical meaning reflected by the load switching fluctuation value is as follows:

[0117] The load switching fluctuation value is calculated by the load level switching frequency value and the load switching degree value. The load level switching frequency value reflects the frequency of load level switching of building equipment during the operating cycle. The higher the switching frequency, the greater the load switching fluctuation of the building equipment. The load switching degree value reflects the change of operating parameters of building equipment when the load level is switched, that is, it reflects the degree of load switching during the load level switch. The higher the degree of load switching, the greater the load switching fluctuation of the building equipment.

[0118] It is understandable that the purpose of obtaining load switching fluctuation values ​​is:

[0119] By acquiring load switching fluctuation values, we can understand the frequency and extent of load switching of building equipment during its operating cycle. If the switching fluctuations are large, the carbon emission monitoring calculations are often performed using the average carbon emission factor, but the impact of load switching fluctuations on the accuracy of the average carbon emission factor is not considered, resulting in low accuracy of carbon emission monitoring calculations. Therefore, by understanding the frequency and extent of load switching of building equipment during its operating cycle through load switching fluctuation values, we can adopt optimized strategies for dynamic carbon emission calculation based on the load switching fluctuations, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission monitoring calculations.

[0120] In some embodiments, the load switching fluctuation value is compared with the load switching fluctuation threshold;

[0121] If the load switching fluctuation value is greater than or equal to the load switching fluctuation threshold, it indicates that the load switching fluctuation of building equipment is large during the operating cycle. Therefore, it is initially determined that dynamic carbon emission calculation based on carbon emission factors is required.

[0122] If the load switching fluctuation value is less than the load switching fluctuation threshold, it means that the load switching fluctuation of building equipment is small during the operating cycle, and it is determined that carbon emission dynamic calculation should not be performed based on carbon emission factors.

[0123] Step 4: If so, then within multiple historical operating cycles under the same working conditions, combine the duration of different load levels and the load level-carbon emission factor database, and conduct multiple comparisons between the dynamic carbon emission calculation results based on carbon emission factors and the average carbon emission calculation results to evaluate the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

[0124] It should be noted that the historical operating cycles under the same working conditions are the same as the operating conditions of the current operating cycle.

[0125] In step four, the process for assessing the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting is as follows:

[0126] Based on any historical operating cycle;

[0127] Based on the carbon emission monitoring and analysis report of the historical operating cycle, obtain the average carbon emission calculation result of the historical operating cycle, where the average carbon emission calculation result = historical operating cycle duration * average carbon emission factor;

[0128] The load level of different operating periods within the historical operating cycle is determined by comparing the second-order average of historical parameters for different operating periods with the load level-carbon emission factor database.

[0129] The duration of different load levels is determined based on the load levels of different operating periods within the historical operating cycle.

[0130] Based on the load level-carbon emission factor database, the duration of different load levels is multiplied by the carbon emission factor corresponding to different load levels and then summed to obtain the dynamic calculation results of carbon emissions for the historical operating cycle.

[0131] The dynamic calculation result of carbon emissions is calculated as follows: = Σ (duration of load level × carbon emission factor of load level).

[0132] The deviation between the average carbon emission calculation result and the dynamic carbon emission calculation result is calculated to obtain the carbon emission calculation error;

[0133] If the carbon emission calculation error is within the preset error range, it means that there is a carbon emission factor difference offset when calculating carbon emissions of building equipment in the historical operating cycle, and the historical operating cycle is marked as the difference offset cycle.

[0134] If the carbon emission calculation error is not within the preset error range, it means that there is no carbon emission factor difference offset when calculating carbon emissions of building equipment in the historical operating cycle, and the historical operating cycle will be marked as a non-difference offset cycle.

[0135] The carbon emission difference offset frequency value is obtained by calculating the proportion of the number of cycles in the historical operating cycle of the difference offset cycle.

[0136] The carbon emission calculation errors of all non-differential offsetting periods are processed by absolute value and then averaged to obtain the average absolute error of carbon emission calculation. The deviation ratio is calculated with the maximum endpoint value of the preset error range to obtain the carbon emission difference offsetting degree value.

[0137] Specifically, the deviation ratio calculation is: (average absolute error of carbon emission calculation - maximum endpoint value of preset error range) / maximum endpoint value of preset error range;

[0138] The difference between the carbon emission difference offset frequency value and the carbon emission difference offset degree value is calculated to obtain the difference offset stability value;

[0139] It is understandable that the physical meaning reflected by the difference offsetting stability value is:

[0140] The stability value of carbon emission offset is calculated by the carbon emission offset frequency value and the carbon emission offset degree value. The carbon emission offset frequency value reflects the proportion of historical operating cycles with carbon emission factor offset. The higher the proportion, the stronger the stability of carbon emission factor offset. Similarly, the carbon emission offset degree value reflects the degree of deviation between the carbon emission calculation error and the preset error range for all non-offset cycles. The smaller the deviation, the stronger the stability of carbon emission factor offset.

[0141] It is understandable that the purpose of obtaining the difference offsetting stability value is:

[0142] Obtaining the stability value of the difference offset can determine the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset. Subsequently, based on the stability of the emission factor difference offset, an appropriate carbon emission calculation mechanism can be selected when using BIM to monitor and calculate carbon emissions from building equipment. Specifically, if the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset is high, the carbon emission averaging calculation method can remain unchanged. If the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset is low, in order to improve the accuracy of carbon emission calculation, it is necessary to change the carbon emission averaging calculation method and adopt a dynamic carbon emission calculation method, thereby achieving accurate carbon emission calculation while eliminating the problem of carbon emission factor difference offset.

[0143] In some embodiments, the difference-offset stability value is compared with the difference-offset stability threshold;

[0144] If the stability value of the difference offset is greater than or equal to the stability threshold of the difference offset, it indicates that the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset is high.

[0145] If the stability value of the difference offset is less than the stability threshold of the difference offset, it indicates that the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset is low.

[0146] Step 5: Based on the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting, establish a carbon emission calculation mechanism that can both accurately calculate carbon emissions and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

[0147] In step five, the process of establishing the carbon emission calculation mechanism is as follows:

[0148] If the stability is high, the carbon emission average calculation method is maintained over the operating cycle;

[0149] If the stability is low, the average carbon emission calculation method will be changed during the operating cycle, and a dynamic carbon emission calculation method will be adopted.

[0150] For example, a dynamic method for calculating carbon emissions can be:

[0151] By using the API interface, carbon emission factors from the load level-carbon emission factor database are integrated into the BIM model, replacing the original calculation method of operating cycle duration * average carbon emission factor in the model, and changing it to: Σ(duration of load level × carbon emission factor of load level).

[0152] The technical solution of this invention is as follows: Based on the core operating parameters of building equipment within a complete operating cycle, and combined with the K-means algorithm, a load level-carbon emission factor database for building equipment is constructed; through historical parameters of building equipment in multiple historical operating cycles under the same operating conditions, and combined with the load level-carbon emission factor database, the load level and duration of different operating segments of the building equipment in the current operating cycle are predicted; based on the load level and historical parameters of different operating segments of the building equipment in the current operating cycle, load switching fluctuation analysis is performed to preliminarily determine whether the carbon emission dynamic calculation is based on carbon emission factors;

[0153] If so, then within multiple historical operating cycles under the same working conditions, combining the duration of different load levels and the load level-carbon emission factor database, the dynamic carbon emission calculation results based on carbon emission factors are compared multiple times with the average carbon emission calculation results to evaluate the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting. Based on the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting, a carbon emission calculation mechanism that can both meet the requirements of accurate carbon emission calculation and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting is established. This invention realizes dynamic and refined calculation of carbon emissions from building equipment, overcoming the limitations of average calculation. By predicting load levels and duration and evaluating the stability of difference offsetting, the carbon emission calculation deviation caused by carbon emission factor differences is effectively eliminated, and a carbon emission calculation mechanism that can both meet the requirements of accurate carbon emission calculation and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting is established, improving the accuracy and efficiency of carbon emission calculation.

[0154] Example 2: Please refer to Figure 3 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for building carbon emissions includes:

[0155] Carbon emission database construction module: Based on the core operating parameters of building equipment during its complete operating cycle, and combined with the K-means algorithm, a database of load levels and carbon emission factors for building equipment is constructed.

[0156] Load forecasting module: By using historical parameters of building equipment in multiple historical operating cycles under the same operating conditions, and combining them with the load level-carbon emission factor database, the module predicts the load level and duration of different operating segments of building equipment in the current operating cycle.

[0157] Carbon emission dynamic calculation and analysis module: Based on the load level and historical parameters of building equipment during different operating periods in the current operating cycle, load switching fluctuation analysis is performed to preliminarily determine whether the carbon emission dynamic calculation is based on carbon emission factors.

[0158] Difference offsetting stability analysis module: If so, then in the historical operating cycles under multiple identical working conditions, combined with the duration of different load levels and the load level-carbon emission factor database, the dynamic carbon emission calculation results based on carbon emission factors and the average carbon emission calculation results are compared multiple times to evaluate the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

[0159] Carbon emission calculation mechanism establishment module: Based on the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting, establish a carbon emission calculation mechanism that can both accurately calculate carbon emissions and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

[0160] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A BIM-based method for dynamic monitoring of building carbon emissions, characterized in that: The following processing steps are included: Based on the core operating parameters of building equipment throughout its complete operating cycle, and combined with the K-means algorithm, a database of load levels and carbon emission factors for building equipment is constructed. By using historical parameters of building equipment in multiple historical operating cycles under the same working conditions, and combining them with the load level-carbon emission factor database, the load level of building equipment in different operating periods and the duration of different load levels can be predicted in the current operating cycle. Based on the load levels and historical parameters of building equipment during different operating periods under current operating conditions, load switching fluctuation analysis is conducted to preliminarily determine whether dynamic carbon emission calculation is based on carbon emission factors. The process of performing load switching fluctuation analysis is as follows: Based on the load level of different operating segments within the operating cycle; If the load levels of adjacent operating segments are inconsistent, it indicates that a load level switch has occurred between adjacent operating segments. Based on load level switching, the load level switching frequency value and load switching degree value are obtained; The load switching frequency value and the load switching degree value are multiplied together to obtain the load switching fluctuation value. If the load switching fluctuation value is greater than or equal to the load switching fluctuation threshold, it is preliminarily determined that dynamic carbon emission calculation based on carbon emission factors is required. If so, then within multiple historical operating cycles under the same working conditions, the duration of different load levels and the load level-carbon emission factor database are combined to conduct multiple comparisons between the dynamic carbon emission calculation results based on carbon emission factors and the average carbon emission calculation results, and to evaluate the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset. The process for assessing the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting is as follows: Based on the load level-carbon emission factor database, the load level and duration of different operating periods within the historical operating cycle are determined, and the dynamic calculation results of carbon emissions for the historical operating cycle are obtained through calculation and processing. The deviation between the average carbon emission calculation result and the dynamic carbon emission calculation result is calculated to obtain the carbon emission calculation error; If the carbon emission calculation error is within the preset error range, the historical operating cycle will be marked as the difference offset cycle. If the carbon emission calculation error is not within the preset error range, the historical operating cycle will be marked as a non-difference offset cycle. Based on the difference offset period and the non-difference offset period, the carbon emission difference offset frequency value and the carbon emission difference offset degree value are obtained; The difference between the carbon emission difference offset frequency value and the carbon emission difference offset degree value is calculated to obtain the difference offset stability value; If the stability value of the difference offset is greater than or equal to the stability threshold of the difference offset, it indicates that the stability of the carbon emission factor difference offset is high, and vice versa. The carbon emission difference offset frequency value and the carbon emission difference offset degree value are obtained as follows: The carbon emission difference offset frequency value is obtained by calculating the proportion of the number of cycles in the historical operating cycle of the difference offset cycle. The carbon emission calculation errors of all non-differential offsetting periods are processed by absolute value and then averaged to obtain the average absolute error of carbon emission calculation. The deviation ratio is calculated with the maximum endpoint value of the preset error range to obtain the carbon emission difference offsetting degree value. Based on the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting, a carbon emission calculation mechanism is established that can both accurately calculate carbon emissions and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

2. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring method for building carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The load level-carbon emission factor database is constructed as follows: Obtain the core operating parameters of building equipment at different operating time points within the complete operation cycle, and integrate them into a core operating parameter sequence according to time sequence; The K-means algorithm is used to cluster the core operating parameter sequence. The load level is divided according to the value range constructed by the median value of the cluster center, and the core operating parameter sequence is segmented according to the load level. Based on the core operating parameter subsequences obtained after segmentation, the operating power of building equipment under different core operating parameters is obtained, and the average power is obtained by summing them. By combining the average power and the regional power grid carbon emission factor, the carbon emission factor corresponding to the load level is calculated and aggregated to obtain the load level-carbon emission factor database.

3. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring method for building carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process for predicting the load level of the aforementioned runtime segment is as follows: The historical operating cycle is divided into several operating segments of equal duration. Historical parameters at different operating time points within each operating segment are obtained and averaged to obtain the average historical parameters of the operating segment. The historical parameter averages of the runtime segment under multiple identical operating conditions are obtained, and then averaged again to obtain the second average of the historical parameters of the runtime segment. The load level of the operating period is determined by matching the quadratic mean of the historical parameters of the operating period with the load levels contained in the load level-carbon emission factor database. The prediction process for the duration of the different load levels is as follows: The number of runtime segments corresponding to the load level is counted, and the result is multiplied by the duration of the runtime segments to obtain the duration of the load level.

4. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring method for building carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the load level switching frequency value is as follows: The number of load level switching events occurring within an operating cycle is counted, and the ratio is calculated with a switching frequency threshold to obtain the load level switching frequency value. The maximum number of load level switching events is specified as: number of running segments - 1.

5. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring method for building carbon emissions according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for obtaining the load switching degree value is as follows: The absolute difference of the historical parameters corresponding to adjacent operating periods during load level switching is processed to obtain the load switching parameter value. All load switching parameter values ​​are averaged and then the ratio of these values ​​to the maximum load switching parameter value is calculated to obtain the load switching degree value. The maximum load switching parameter value is the absolute difference between the second mean of the maximum historical parameters and the second mean of the minimum historical parameters corresponding to the operating period.

6. The BIM-based dynamic monitoring method for building carbon emissions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of establishing the carbon emission calculation mechanism is as follows: If the stability is high, the carbon emission average calculation method is maintained over the operating cycle; If the stability is low, the average carbon emission calculation method will be changed during the operating cycle, and a dynamic carbon emission calculation method will be adopted.

7. A BIM-based dynamic monitoring system for building carbon emissions, characterized in that: The system is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-6, and includes the following processing modules: Carbon emission database construction module: Based on the core operating parameters of building equipment during its complete operating cycle, and combined with the K-means algorithm, a database of load levels and carbon emission factors for building equipment is constructed. Load forecasting module: By using historical parameters of building equipment in multiple historical operating cycles under the same operating conditions, and combining them with the load level-carbon emission factor database, the module predicts the load level and duration of different operating segments of building equipment in the current operating cycle. Carbon emission dynamic calculation and analysis module: Based on the load level and historical parameters of building equipment during different operating periods in the current operating cycle, load switching fluctuation analysis is performed to preliminarily determine whether carbon emission dynamic calculation is based on carbon emission factors. Difference offsetting stability analysis module: If so, then in the historical operating cycles under multiple identical working conditions, combined with the duration of different load levels and the load level-carbon emission factor database, the dynamic carbon emission calculation results based on carbon emission factors and the average carbon emission calculation results are compared multiple times to evaluate the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting. Carbon emission calculation mechanism establishment module: Based on the stability of carbon emission factor difference offsetting, establish a carbon emission calculation mechanism that can both accurately calculate carbon emissions and eliminate carbon emission factor difference offsetting.

Images