Multi-band antenna

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-band antenna comprising an antenna substrate which is provided with a matching debugging circuit and an SMA adapter mounting point; the antenna radiator is connected with the antenna substrate, and the antenna radiator comprises an antenna main body and a first antenna coupling body which are mutually coupled through a routing design; the SMA adapter is connected with the antenna substrate through an SMA adapter mounting point, 2G-5G full-band coverage is realized, meanwhile, the high-frequency performance and cost are balanced by using a standardized interface of the SMA adapter, the antenna is suitable for different use environments, the high-gain characteristic of the antenna is derived from routing optimization of the antenna main body and the coupling body, mutual interference among multiple bands can be inhibited, and the antenna can be applied to different use environments. Compared with a traditional scheme, radiation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a multi-band antenna. Background Art

[0002] As mobile communication technology evolves from 2G to 5G, terminal antenna design faces the triple challenges of multi-band compatibility, high integration, and optimized performance. Traditional FPC / LDS antennas, while mainstream in the 4G era, are limited by the high loss characteristics of the millimeter wave band (line loss of 2-4dB), making it difficult to meet the transmission requirements of 5G sub-6GHz and millimeter wave bands. Existing solutions such as AoC (antenna-on-chip) are only suitable for the terahertz band due to their high cost. While AiP (antenna-in-package) technology can reduce losses through chip-level integration, it struggles to provide coverage in lower frequency bands such as 2G / 3G / 4G. Current multi-band antenna designs generally have the following defects: 1. Insufficient frequency band coverage: Ultra-wideband antennas can support 2G to 5G frequency bands through slot and corner design, but their gain performance is limited by the impedance mismatch caused by the merging of resonant modes. 2. High integration complexity: The co-aperture design of sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave antennas requires the introduction of additional filtering circuits, resulting in a bloated structure and difficult debugging. 3. Connector performance bottleneck: Connectors are prone to high-order mode interference in frequency bands above 6 GHz, affecting signal integrity. The disclosure of the above background technology content is only used to assist in understanding the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention. It does not necessarily belong to the prior art of this patent application, nor does it necessarily provide technical guidance; there is no clear evidence to show the novelty and creativity of the above application. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the technical problems of insufficient frequency band coverage, high integration complexity and connector performance bottleneck in the current multi-band antenna design, the present invention proposes a multi-band antenna to achieve full frequency band coverage from 2G to 5G. At the same time, it uses the standardized interface of the SMA adapter to balance high-frequency performance and cost, and is suitable for different usage environments. Its high-gain characteristics are derived from the optimized routing of the antenna body and the coupler, which can suppress mutual interference between multiple frequency bands and improve radiation efficiency compared with traditional solutions. In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In one aspect, the present invention provides a multi-band antenna, comprising: An antenna substrate, on which a matching debugging circuit and an SMA adapter mounting point are provided; an antenna radiator connected to the antenna substrate, the antenna radiator comprising an antenna main body and a first antenna coupler that are mutually coupled through a routing design; An SMA adapter is connected to the antenna substrate via an SMA adapter mounting point. The present invention proposes a multi-band antenna that achieves full frequency band coverage from 2G to 5G. At the same time, it uses the standardized interface of the SMA adapter to balance high-frequency performance and cost, making it suitable for different usage environments. Its high-gain characteristics are derived from the optimized routing of the antenna body and the coupler, which can suppress mutual interference between multiple frequency bands and improve radiation efficiency compared with traditional solutions. As a preferred technical solution, the antenna radiator is connected to the antenna substrate via a pad, and the first antenna coupler and the antenna body form a coupling structure through a directional routing design thereon. As a preferred technical solution, a reference ground is provided on the antenna substrate, and a ground feeder and a signal feeder are arranged along the width direction of the reference ground on the antenna substrate. The ground feeder is connected to the first antenna coupler through a solder pad, and the signal feeder is connected to the antenna body through a solder pad. As a preferred technical solution, the signal feeder extends a coupling body branch parallel to the width direction of the reference ground. As a preferred technical solution, a second antenna coupler is provided on the antenna substrate, and the second antenna coupler has an "L"-shaped coupling structure that forms spatial coupling with the coupler branch. As a preferred technical solution, the matching and debugging circuit is arranged on a straight path between the signal feeder and the SMA adapter installation point. As a preferred technical solution, the asymmetric routing path formed by the antenna main body routing along the edge of the antenna radiator includes: a first long side routing path, a first short side routing path and a second long side routing path; the first long side routing path and the second long side routing path have different length designs; The first antenna coupler wiring has a cross-sectional wiring structure that gradually changes along the width direction of the antenna radiator. As a preferred technical solution, the length L1 of the first long side routing path and the length L2 of the second long side routing path satisfy L1<L2. As a preferred technical solution, in the width direction of the antenna radiator, the first long side routing path and the second long side routing path are provided with mutually matching concave and convex routing structures, and the first convex routing structure of the first long side routing path is provided with a second convex routing structure facing the direction of the first short side routing path. As an optimal technical solution, the SMA adapter can be connected to different machines by changing the male and female heads. The multi-band antenna provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) The multi-band antenna provided by the present invention achieves full-band coverage from 2G to 5G, while utilizing the standardized interface of the SMA adapter to balance high-frequency performance and cost, making it suitable for different usage environments. Its high-gain characteristic is derived from the optimized routing of the antenna body and the coupler, which can suppress mutual interference between multiple frequency bands and improve radiation efficiency compared to traditional solutions. 2) The present invention provides a multi-band antenna. The antenna body and coupling element form a multi-branch resonant structure through routing control. Each branch corresponds to a different frequency band, achieving 2G to 5G broadband coverage and suppressing mutual interference. The matching and debugging circuit further optimizes the impedance matching of each frequency band by adjusting the LC parameters, reducing reflection loss and improving radiation efficiency compared to traditional solutions. The SMA adapter standardizes the high-frequency interface and reduces millimeter-wave transmission loss. This enables the antenna to achieve full 2G to 5G frequency band coverage and suppress mutual interference between multiple frequency bands, improving radiation efficiency compared to traditional solutions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a multi-band antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the front structure of an antenna substrate in a multi-band antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the back structure of the antenna substrate in a multi-band antenna provided by the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the front structure of an antenna radiator in a multi-band antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the back structure of an antenna radiator in a multi-band antenna provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A standing wave diagram of a multi-band antenna provided in Example 1; Figure 7 A table diagram showing parameters of a multi-band antenna provided in Example 1; Among them, 1-antenna substrate; 2-antenna radiator; 3-matching and debugging circuit; 31-matching and debugging circuit C1; 32-matching and debugging circuit L1; 4-welding point with antenna radiator; 5-SMA adapter installation point; 6-antenna body; 7-first antenna coupler; 8-reference ground; 9-ground feeder; 10-signal feeder; 11-coupler branch; 12-second antenna coupler; 13-first long side routing path; 14-second long side routing path; 15-first short side routing path; 16-first raised routing structure; 17-second raised routing structure; 18-welding point with antenna substrate; 19-soldering pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the present invention provides a multi-band antenna, comprising: An antenna substrate 1 is provided with a matching and debugging circuit 3 and an SMA adapter mounting point 5; An antenna radiator 2 is connected to the antenna substrate 1 and includes an antenna main body 6 and a first antenna coupler 7 that are coupled to each other through a wiring design; An SMA adapter (not shown) is connected to the antenna substrate 1 via an SMA adapter mounting point 5 . The present invention proposes a multi-band antenna that achieves full frequency band coverage from 2G to 5G. At the same time, it uses the standardized interface of the SMA adapter to balance high-frequency performance and cost, making it suitable for different usage environments. Its high-gain characteristics are derived from the optimized routing of the antenna body and the coupler, which can suppress mutual interference between multiple frequency bands and improve radiation efficiency compared with traditional solutions. Matching and debugging circuit 3 dynamically optimizes impedance matching in each frequency band by adjusting LC parameters (inductance / capacitance values), significantly reducing signal return loss (controllable within -30dB), solving the broadband impedance mismatch problem from 2G (low frequency) to 5G millimeter wave (high frequency), and improving radiation efficiency; The SMA adapter mounting point 5 provides a standardized interface to ensure precise alignment (tolerance ±0.005mm) between the SMA adapter (not shown) and the antenna substrate 1. It also serves as an electrical connection hub between the ground layer and the radiator, creating a low-impedance return path, suppressing multi-band mutual interference, and enhancing environmental stability. Antenna Radiator 2: The multi-band collaborative radiation core, with the antenna body 6 serving as the main resonant structure, extends the current path through the routing to cover low-frequency band (700MHz to 2700MHz) signal radiation, improve gain, and solve the pain points of low low-frequency efficiency and large size of traditional monopole antennas; The first antenna coupler 7 forms electromagnetic coupling with the antenna body 6, excites high-frequency resonance (3000MHz~5500MHz) through routing design, and expands the bandwidth with the edge field effect to achieve efficient coverage of the 5G NR frequency band and suppress signal collapse at the frequency band junction. SMA adapter (not shown): A high-frequency signal transmission bridge, supporting full-band signal transmission, supporting broadband coverage from DC to 18 GHz (some models reach 26.5 GHz), adapting to lossless transmission of 2G to 5G full-band signals, and eliminating the high-frequency bottleneck of traditional IPEX connectors (>6 GHz, attenuation increases dramatically). Preferably, if Figure 1As shown, the antenna radiator 2 is connected to the antenna substrate 1 through the pad 19, and the first antenna coupler 7 and the antenna body 6 form a coupling structure through the directional routing design thereon; the directional routing is designed through a geometric structure to form an electromagnetic field with a specific phase difference between the first antenna coupler 7 and the antenna body 6, thereby exciting complementary resonance and covering the entire Sub-6GHz frequency band; the directional routing acts as a distributed matching network to adjust the coupling strength to balance the high and low frequency impedances; the antenna radiator 2 is preferably connected to the antenna substrate 1 through the pad 19, and the pad 19 provides high-precision positioning (tolerance ±0.05mm) to avoid performance drift caused by displacement at high frequencies. Preferably, if Figure 1-2 As shown, the antenna substrate 1 is provided with a reference ground 8, and the antenna substrate 1 is provided with a ground feeder 9 and a signal feeder 10 arranged along the width direction of the reference ground 8. The ground feeder 9 is connected to the first antenna coupler 7 via a solder pad 19, and the signal feeder 10 is connected to the antenna body 6 via a solder pad 19. This constitutes a dual-path independent feed-common ground system, the core function of which is to optimize multi-band performance through physical isolation and electromagnetic synergy. The ground feeder 9 provides a dedicated grounding channel for the first antenna coupler 7, allowing the surface current in the high-frequency band (3000MHz to 5500MHz) to be directly introduced into the reference ground 8 through the pad 19, forming a closed loop; reducing the detour path of high-frequency current, suppressing the ground inductance effect, and reducing the impedance fluctuation of the high-frequency resonance point; The signal feeder 10 is directly connected to the antenna body 6 through the pad 19, injecting energy into the main radiation patch to stimulate the low-frequency resonance of 700MHz to 2700MHz, avoiding the power shunting of the traditional series feed structure and improving the low-frequency gain; The reference ground 8 serves as a continuous metal layer to block the radiation interference of the circuit on the back of the antenna and absorb the high-frequency harmonics of the coupling body, with a shielding effectiveness of more than 35dB. Preferably, if Figure 1-2 As shown, the signal feeder 10 extends a coupling body branch 11 parallel to the width direction of the reference ground 8; utilizing the traveling wave characteristics of the parallel coupling body branch 11, high-frequency bandwidth expansion is achieved in a compact space, the radiation direction is focused to optimize multi-frequency coordinated coverage, and impedance matching is adaptive to improve radiation efficiency. At the same time, the parallel layout avoids additional matching circuits and saves substrate area. Preferably, if Figure 1-2 As shown, a second antenna coupler 12 is provided on the antenna substrate 1, and the second antenna coupler 12 has an "L"-shaped coupling structure that forms spatial coupling with the coupler branch 11; the spatial coupling structure formed by the "L"-shaped coupling structure of the second antenna coupler 12 and the coupler branch 11 has a core function of achieving high-frequency bandwidth expansion, polarization isolation enhancement and directional pattern stability optimization through three-dimensional orthogonal electromagnetic field control. Preferably, as Figure 1-2 shown, the matching and debugging circuit 3 is arranged on the straight-line path between the signal feeder 10 and the SMA adapter mounting point 5; when the antenna body impedance (such as 70-90 Ω in the high-frequency band) does not match the SMA adapter interface (50 Ω), signal reflection will occur. The matching and debugging circuit 3 dynamically converts the antenna impedance to 50 Ω through a Pi-type / T-type LC network, reducing the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and the reflected power by more than 90%, and the measured transmission efficiency is increased by 15% - 25% (compared with the case without the matching and debugging circuit). Preferably, as Figure 4 shown, the routing of the antenna body 6 forms an asymmetric routing path along the edge of the antenna radiator 2, including: the first long-side routing path 13, the first short-side routing path 15, and the second long-side routing path 14; the first long-side routing path 13 and the second long-side routing path 14 have a differential length design; The routing of the first antenna coupler 7 has a cross-sectional routing structure that gradually changes along the width direction of the antenna radiator 2; the differential length design realizes continuous coverage of three frequency bands and an increased bandwidth. The phase difference of the currents of the first long-side routing path 13 and the second long-side routing path 14 is °, forming a directional beam synthesis and enhancing the gain in the main radiation direction. Preferably, as Figure 4 shown, the length L1 of the first long-side routing path 13 and the length L2 of the second long-side routing path 14 satisfy L1 < L2; in high-speed circuit design, the core function of the length L1 of the first long-side routing path 13 being less than the length L2 of the second long-side routing path 14 (i.e., L1 < L2) is to optimize the signal timing synchronization and suppress electromagnetic interference (EMI). Preferably, as Figure 4 shown, in the width direction of the antenna radiator 2, the first long-side routing path 13 and the second long-side routing path 14 are provided with a matching concave-convex routing structure. On the first convex routing structure 16 of the first long-side routing path 13, there is a second convex routing structure 17 towards the first short-side routing path 15; The convex routing structure of the first long-side routing path 13 and the concave structure of the second long-side routing path 14 form a spatial coupling; The second convex routing structure 17 and the first short-side routing path 15 form a current guiding channel; The concave-convex structure is used to increase the antenna length in a specific frequency band; the convex routing structure of the first long-side routing path 13 and the concave structure of the second long-side routing path 14 form a complementary coupling, forcing the high-frequency current to flow along a preset path and avoiding the disorderly diffusion of the current at the edge of the radiator. This design extends the effective current path and enhances the radiation efficiency in the high-frequency band; The second raised wiring structure 17 extends toward the first short side wiring path 15 to form a low impedance channel, directing part of the long side current toward the short side, balancing the current density in different areas of the radiator, and reducing the radiation blind area caused by uneven current distribution. Preferably, if Figure 1 As shown, by changing the male and female ends of the SMA adapter to connect to different devices, the multi-band antenna can be used in different environments. Different devices have different male and female connectors for their RF ports. By changing the male and female ends of the SMA adapter, it can seamlessly adapt to various device interfaces, eliminating physical connection barriers. This is suitable for scenarios such as in-vehicle mobile communications and field monitoring where frequent device changes are required. Connections can be quickly switched without having to replace the antenna itself, reducing deployment costs. Example 1 like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, embodiment 1 provides a multi-band antenna, including: An antenna substrate 1 is provided with a matching and debugging circuit 3 and an SMA adapter mounting point 5. The antenna substrate 1 is provided with a reference ground 8. A ground feeder 9 and a signal feeder 10 are arranged along the width direction of the reference ground 8. The ground feeder 9 is connected to the first antenna coupler 7 via a solder pad 19. The signal feeder 10 is connected to the antenna body 6 via a solder pad 19. The signal feeder 10 extends a coupler branch 11 parallel to the width direction of the reference ground 8. The antenna substrate 1 is provided with a second antenna coupler 12. The second antenna coupler 12 has an "L"-shaped coupling structure that forms a spatial coupling with the coupler branch 11. The matching and debugging circuit 3 is arranged on a straight path between the signal feeder 10 and the SMA adapter mounting point 5. Antenna radiator 2, the antenna radiator 2 is connected to the antenna substrate 1, the antenna radiator 2 includes an antenna body 6 and a first antenna coupler 7 that are mutually coupled by a routing design, the antenna radiator 2 is connected to the antenna substrate 1 through a pad 19, the first antenna coupler 7 and the antenna body 6 form a coupling structure through a directional routing design thereon, and the antenna body 6 routing forms an asymmetric routing path along the edge of the antenna radiator 2, including: a first long side routing path 13, a first short side routing path 15 and a second long side routing path 14; the first long side routing path 13 and the second long side routing path 14 have a differentiated length design; the first antenna coupler 7 routing is provided with a first long side routing path 13 along the antenna radiator 2; the first short side routing path 15 and the second long side routing path 14 have a differentiated length design; the first antenna coupler 7 routing is provided with a first long side routing path 13 along the antenna radiator 2; the first short side routing path 15 and the second long side routing path 14 have a differentiated length design; the first antenna coupler 7 routing is provided with a first long side routing path 13 along the antenna radiator 2; the first antenna coupler 7 routing is provided with a first short side routing path 15 ... A cross-sectional routing structure with a gradient in the width direction of the radiator 2; the length L1 of the first long side routing path 13 and the length L2 of the second long side routing path 14 satisfy L1 < L2; in the width direction of the antenna radiator 2, the first long side routing path 13 and the second long side routing path 14 are provided with matching concave and convex routing structures, and the first convex routing structure 16 of the first long side routing path 13 is provided with a second convex routing structure 17 facing the direction of the first short side routing path 15; the convex routing structure of the first long side routing path 13 and the concave structure of the second long side routing path 14 form a spatial coupling; the second convex routing structure 17 and the first short side routing path 15 form a current guiding channel; An SMA adapter (not shown) is connected to the antenna substrate 1 via the SMA adapter mounting point 5. By changing the male and female connectors of the SMA adapter to connect to different devices, the multi-band antenna can be used in different environments. The supported frequency bands and antenna efficiency of the multi-band antenna provided in Example 1 are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1 Supported frequency bands and antenna efficiency of multi-band antennas The matching debugging circuit includes: a matching debugging circuit C1 and a matching debugging circuit L1. The parameters of the matching debugging circuit C1 and the matching debugging circuit L1 are shown in Table 2 below: Table 2 Parameters of matching debug circuit C1 and matching debug circuit L1 Circuit symbols size describe Matching debug circuit L1 0402 10nH Matching debugging circuit C1 0402 4.7pF From Table 1, we can see that the 0402 package size achieves antenna high-frequency stability (>3GHz), suppresses pad impedance mutations, reduces parasitic effects, matches the debugging circuit L110nH inductance value, achieves antenna Sub-6GHz frequency band adaptation, ensures 5G high-frequency resonance efficiency, and matches the debugging circuit C14.7pF capacitance value, achieves low antenna loss impedance, and balances ESR (internal equivalent resistance of the capacitor) loss with bandwidth continuity. From Table 1 and Figures 6-7As shown, we can observe that the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the multi-band antenna is ≤4.0, the efficiency is ≥42.7%, and it supports frequency bands of 698-960 MHz, 1700-2700 MHz, 3300-3800 MHz, and 3800-5000 MHz. Therefore, the multi-band antenna provided in Example 1 achieves full frequency band coverage of 2G-5G, can suppress mutual interference between multiple frequency bands, and improves radiation efficiency compared with traditional antennas. It will be appreciated that the present invention is described through some embodiments, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes or equivalent substitutions may be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are subject to various changes or equivalent substitutions. In addition, under the teachings of the present invention, these features and embodiments may be modified to adapt to specific circumstances and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the scope protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-band antenna, characterized in that: include: An antenna substrate, on which a matching debugging circuit and an SMA adapter mounting point are provided; an antenna radiator connected to the antenna substrate, the antenna radiator comprising an antenna main body and a first antenna coupler that are mutually coupled through a routing design; An SMA adapter is connected to the antenna substrate via an SMA adapter mounting point.

2. The multi-band antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna radiator is connected to the antenna substrate via a solder pad, and the first antenna coupler and the antenna body form a coupling structure through a directional routing design thereon.

3. The multi-band antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna substrate is provided with a reference ground, and a ground feeder and a signal feeder arranged along the width direction of the reference ground are provided on the antenna substrate. The ground feeder is connected to the first antenna coupler through a pad, and the signal feeder is connected to the antenna body through a pad.

4. The multi-band antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The signal feeding element extends a coupling body branch parallel to the width direction of the reference ground.

5. The multi-band antenna according to claim 4, wherein: A second antenna coupling body is provided on the antenna substrate, and the second antenna coupling body has an "L"-shaped coupling structure that forms spatial coupling with the coupling body branch.

6. The multi-band antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The matching debugging circuit is arranged on a straight path between the signal feeder and the SMA adapter installation point.

7. The multi-band antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna main body routing is formed along the edge of the antenna radiator, forming an asymmetric routing path, including: a first long side routing path, a first short side routing path, and a second long side routing path; the first long side routing path and the second long side routing path have different length designs; The first antenna coupler wiring has a cross-sectional wiring structure that gradually changes along the width direction of the antenna radiator.

8. The multi-band antenna according to claim 7, wherein: The length L1 of the first long side routing path and the length L2 of the second long side routing path satisfy L1<L2.

9. The multi-band antenna according to claim 7, wherein: In the width direction of the antenna radiator, the first long side routing path and the second long side routing path are provided with mutually matching concave and convex routing structures, and the first convex routing structure of the first long side routing path is provided with a second convex routing structure facing the direction of the first short side routing path.

10. The multi-band antenna according to claim 1, wherein: Connect to different devices by changing the male and female ends of the SMA adapter.

Images