A single-port multidimensional measurement system and method based on optical fiber

Abstract

This invention discloses a single-port multidimensional measurement system and method based on optical fiber, comprising: an optical fiber interface for injecting optical signals into a multidimensional topology, the multidimensional topology including: an optical splitter's main channel end optically coupled to the optical fiber port; a multi-wavelength excitation signal end connected to the first branch end of the optical splitter, configured to output excitation signals of multiple wavelengths; and a multi-channel detection component connected to the second branch end of the optical splitter, configured to detect and process the multidimensional physical quantity signals reflected after the interaction between the optical signals and the excitation signals. A controller is configured to coordinate the output optical signals from the external detection fiber, the output excitation signals from the multi-wavelength excitation signal end, and the detection and analysis of the physical parameters of the original optical signal by the multi-channel detection component. This system enables the testing of multiple physical parameters of optical signals within the optical fiber without manually switching the optical link, effectively improving testing efficiency and accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication measurement technology, and in particular to a single-port multidimensional measurement system and method based on optical fiber. Background Technology

[0002] Optical fiber communication is a communication method that uses light waves to transmit information through optical fibers. Because lasers possess significant advantages such as high directionality, high coherence, and high monochromaticity, the light waves used in optical fiber communication are primarily lasers, hence the name laser-optical fiber communication. The principle of optical fiber communication is as follows: at the transmitting end, the information to be transmitted (such as voice) is first converted into an electrical signal, then modulated onto a laser beam emitted by a laser, causing the light intensity to vary with the amplitude (frequency) of the electrical signal, and then transmitted through the optical fiber. At the receiving end, the detector receives the optical signal, converts it back into an electrical signal, and after demodulation, recovers the original information. Optical fiber communication has become the main transmission method in modern communication networks.

[0003] Traditional fiber optic sensing systems typically require different fiber optic links to connect to the system when measuring different physical quantities (Rayleigh scattering, Fresnel reflection, Raman, Brillouin, interference light, single photons, etc.). If multiple optical signals need to be measured simultaneously, they need to be tested separately, which introduces measurement errors and reduces test accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a single-port multidimensional measurement system and method based on optical fiber, which can test various physical parameters of optical signals in optical fiber without manually switching optical links, effectively improving testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application proposes a single-port multidimensional measurement system based on optical fiber, comprising:

[0006] The fiber optic interface is a fiber optic port for connecting to an external detection fiber optic cable, configured to transmit optical signals;

[0007] Multidimensional topology, including:

[0008] An optical splitter, wherein the main channel end is optically coupled to the fiber optic port; a multi-wavelength excitation signal end, connected to the first branch end of the optical splitter, is configured to output excitation signals of multiple wavelengths; a multi-channel detection component, connected to the second branch end of the optical splitter, is configured to detect and process multi-dimensional physical quantity signals reflected after the interaction of the optical signal and the excitation signal; wherein the multi-dimensional physical quantity signals include at least two of Rayleigh scattering signals, Brillouin scattering signals, Raman scattering signals, interference signals, and single-photon signals;

[0009] The controller is configured to coordinate the physical parameters of the external detection fiber outputting the optical signal, the multi-wavelength excitation signal outputting the excitation signal, and the multi-channel detection component detecting and resolving the original optical signal.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the multidimensional topology includes:

[0011] A dual-channel topology with one input and two outputs includes:

[0012] The first-stage beam splitter has its forward input port connected to the optical fiber port and its reverse input port connected to the multi-wavelength excitation signal port; the second-stage beam splitter has its forward input port connected to the forward output port of the first-stage beam splitter; the multi-channel detection component includes a first detection channel and a second detection channel, and the two output ports of the second-stage beam splitter are respectively connected to the first detection channel and the second detection channel.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment, the multidimensional topology includes:

[0014] A dual-channel topology with 2 inputs and 1 output includes:

[0015] The first-stage optical splitter has its forward input port connected to the optical fiber interface and its forward output port connected to the multi-channel detection component; the second-stage optical splitter has its reverse output port connected to the reverse input port of the first-stage optical splitter; the multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal includes a first wavelength excitation signal terminal and a second wavelength excitation signal terminal, and the two reverse input ports of the second-stage optical splitter are respectively connected to the first wavelength excitation signal terminal and the second wavelength excitation signal terminal.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment, the multi-channel detection component is configured to measure time-domain signals or frequency-domain signals.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the multidimensional topology includes:

[0018] An n-in, n-out dual-channel topology, where n is a positive integer and n≥2, includes:

[0019] The first wave demultiplexer has its common port connected to the optical fiber interface and its reverse output connected to the first detection channel; the first beam splitter has its forward input connected to the forward output of the first wave demultiplexer; the second wave demultiplexer has its forward input connected to the first forward output of the first beam splitter, its second forward output connected to the second detection channel, and its two reverse inputs connected to the first wavelength excitation signal and the second wavelength excitation signal, respectively.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, the first wavelength division multiplexer is a TAP wavelength division multiplexer, configured to realize signal splitting monitoring and power distribution, while simultaneously completing the separation of wavelength channels.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment, the multidimensional topology includes:

[0022] Cascaded adjustable topologies include:

[0023] The system comprises at least three cascaded beam splitters, with the input port of the first-stage beam splitter connected to the fiber optic interface, and the reverse output of each beam splitter connected to a wavelength excitation signal. A polarization controller, with its input port connected to the output of the final-stage beam splitter, includes at least the same number of independently adjustable polarization channels as the number of cascaded beam splitters, with one polarization channel corresponding to a detection channel of the multi-channel detection assembly.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment, the polarization controller includes a digital control unit configured to adjust the optical power distribution ratio of each polarization detection channel in real time.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment, the optical splitting device includes a beam splitter, a circulator, and a wavelength division multiplexer, configured to achieve parallel transmission with wavelength isolation >30dB.

[0026] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a single-port multidimensional measurement method based on optical fiber, using the single-port multidimensional optical fiber measurement system provided in the first aspect for measurement, including:

[0027] Control the injection of optical signals through the fiber optic interface and the injection of laser signals through the multi-wavelength excitation signal end;

[0028] By utilizing a multidimensional topological structure, the interaction and reflection of optical and laser signals are realized to output multidimensional physical quantity signals.

[0029] The multi-channel detection component is controlled to detect and analyze the multi-dimensional physical quantity signal to obtain the physical parameters of the original optical signal.

[0030] In summary, the fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application injects optical signals into a multidimensional topology using a single-port fiber optic interface. The multidimensional topology includes: an optical splitter's main channel end optically coupled to the fiber optic port; a multi-wavelength excitation signal end connected to the first branch end of the optical splitter, configured to output excitation signals of multiple wavelengths; and a multi-channel detection component connected to the second branch end of the optical splitter, configured to detect and process the multidimensional physical quantity signals reflected after the interaction between the optical signal and the excitation signal. The controller is configured to coordinate the output optical signal from the external detection fiber, the output excitation signal from the multi-wavelength excitation signal end, and the detection and analysis of the physical parameters of the original optical signal by the multi-channel detection component. This system enables the testing of multiple physical parameters of the optical signal within the fiber without manually switching the optical link, effectively improving testing efficiency and accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of a single-port multidimensional measurement system based on optical fiber provided in this application;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application.

[0036] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a measurement method for a single-port multidimensional measurement system based on optical fiber, provided in this application.

[0037] In the attached diagram:

[0038] 1. Fiber optic interface; 2. Multidimensional topology; 3. Optical splitter; 4. Multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal;

[0039] 5. Multi-channel detection assembly; 31. First-stage beam splitter; 32. Second-stage beam splitter; 33. First-wavelength demultiplexer; 34. First beam splitter; 35. Second-wavelength demultiplexer; 41. First wavelength excitation signal terminal;

[0040] 42. Second wavelength excitation signal terminal; 51. First detection channel; 52. Second detection channel; 6. Polarization controller. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts relevant to the present application are shown in the drawings, not the entire structure. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from its spirit or scope, which will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present application is intended to cover modifications and variations falling within the scope of the corresponding claims (the claimed technical solutions) and their equivalents. It should be noted that the implementation methods provided in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without contradiction.

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application. (Reference) Figure 1 The fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application includes a fiber optic interface 1, a multidimensional topology 2, and a controller (not shown in the figure). The fiber optic interface 1 is the fiber optic port connecting to an external detection fiber and is the generation end of the system. It is configured to transmit optical signals. The multidimensional topology 2 includes an optical splitter 3, a multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal 4, and a multi-channel detection component 5. The main channel end of the optical splitter 3 is optically coupled to the fiber optic port 1. The multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal 4 is connected to the first branch end of the optical splitter 3 and is configured to output multiple wavelength excitation signals. The multi-channel detection component 5 is connected to the second branch end of the optical splitter 3 and is configured to detect and process the multidimensional physical quantity signal after the interaction between the optical signal and the excitation signal. The controller is configured to coordinate the output of the optical signal from the external detection fiber, the output of the excitation signal from the multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal, and the detection and analysis of the physical parameters of the original optical signal by the multi-channel detection component.

[0043] Among them, the multidimensional physical quantity signal includes at least two of Rayleigh scattering signal, Brillouin scattering signal, Raman scattering signal, interference signal and single photon signal.

[0044] The controller can be a host computer, such as an integrated circuit (IC), processor, or microprocessor. In this embodiment, the optical signal output of the external detection fiber, the laser control at the multi-wavelength excitation signal end, and the detection and analysis of the multi-channel detection components are all implemented based on host computer software, eliminating the need for manual knob settings.

[0045] In this embodiment, the optical splitter 3 splits the optical signal input from the fiber optic port 1 into at least two paths. The first branch is a laser signal input, and the second branch is connected to the output of a multidimensional physical quantity signal resulting from the interaction between the optical signal and the excitation signal. The multi-wavelength excitation signal end 4 is a laser emitter connected to the first branch of the optical splitter 3, capable of outputting multiple excitation signals of different wavelengths. Each wavelength excitation signal is used for measuring a physical quantity signal, thus achieving the measurement of at least two parameters of the optical signal. The multi-channel detection component 5 is a receiver connected to the second branch of the optical splitter 3. The multi-channel detection component 5 includes multiple detection channels, each capable of detecting and processing at least one physical quantity signal. The detection method can be direct detection and / or coherent detection, etc., and this embodiment does not impose any limitations.

[0046] During the measurement process, the optical signal input at fiber port 1 interacts with the laser signal output at multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal 4 and is reflected to output a multi-dimensional physical quantity signal. This signal is split by optical splitter 3 and enters the detection channel of multi-channel detection component 5. After analysis and processing, the physical parameters of the original optical signal are obtained.

[0047] The single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application embodiment can perform multiple parameter tests on signals within the optical fiber without manually switching optical links, which helps to improve testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0048] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application is shown below. Figure 2 The fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application includes a fiber optic interface 1 and a multidimensional topology 2, which is a 1-in-2-out dual-channel topology. Specifically, the 1-in-2-out dual-channel topology includes a first-stage beam splitter 31 and a second-stage beam splitter 32. The forward input of the first-stage beam splitter 31 is connected to the fiber optic port 1, and the reverse input is connected to a multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal 4. The multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal 4 can detect at least two two-dimensional physical quantity signals, such as Rayleigh scattering signals, Brillouin scattering signals, Raman scattering signals, interference signals, and single-photon signals. The forward input of the second-stage beam splitter 32 is connected to the forward output port of the first-stage beam splitter 31. The multi-channel detection component 5 includes a first detection channel 51 and a second detection channel 52, and the two output ports of the second-stage beam splitter 32 are respectively connected to the first detection channel 51 and the second detection channel 52.

[0049] Specifically, fiber optic interface 1 serves as the optical signal transmitter, capable of both inputting and outputting optical signals. The excitation signal output from the multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal 4 enters the first-stage beam splitter 31 from the inverting input terminal. The excitation signal interacts with the optical signal, reflecting and outputting a multi-dimensional physical quantity signal. This signal is split by the first-stage beam splitter 31 and received by the first detection channel 51 and the second detection channel 52, respectively. After detection and analysis processing, the physical parameters of the original optical signal are obtained. This achieves spatial separation measurement of the multi-dimensional physical quantity signal.

[0050] For example, refer to Figure 2 Both the first-stage beam splitter 31 and the second-stage beam splitter 32 are 1x2 beam splitters with a splitting ratio ranging from 50:50 to 90:10. The first detection channel 51 detects the Rayleigh scattering signal, and the second detection channel 52 detects the Brillouin scattering signal.

[0051] Based on the above embodiments, the channel detection component 5 is configured to measure time-domain signals or frequency-domain signals. The time-domain signal directly reflects how information changes over time and is carried by characteristics such as laser intensity, phase, frequency, or polarization. The frequency-domain signal converts the time-domain signal into frequency components through Fourier transform, revealing the signal's spectral characteristics.

[0052] Figure 3 This application provides a schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system, which, based on the above embodiments, refers to... Figure 3The fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application includes a fiber optic interface 1 and a multidimensional topology 2, which is a 2-input, 1-output dual-channel topology. Specifically, the dual-channel topology includes a first-stage beam splitter 31 and a second-stage beam splitter 32. The forward input port of the first-stage beam splitter 31 is connected to the fiber optic interface 1, and the forward output port is connected to the multi-channel detection component 5. The reverse output port of the second-stage beam splitter 32 is connected to the reverse input port of the first-stage beam splitter 31. The multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal 4 includes a first-wavelength excitation signal terminal 41 and a second-wavelength excitation signal terminal 42. The two reverse input ports of the second-stage beam splitter 32 are respectively connected to the first-wavelength excitation signal terminal 41 and the second-wavelength excitation signal terminal 42.

[0053] Specifically, fiber optic interface 1 serves as the optical signal transmitter, capable of both inputting and outputting optical signals. The first wavelength excitation signal terminal 41 and the second wavelength excitation signal terminal 42 output first and second excitation signals of different wavelengths, respectively. These two excitation signals are coupled from the reverse input terminal into the second-stage beam splitter 32, and then into the first-stage beam splitter 31. After interacting with the first and second excitation signals, the optical signals are reflected to output multidimensional physical quantity signals. These signals are transmitted through the forward output port of the first-stage beam splitter 31 to the multi-channel detection component 5. After detection and demodulation, the physical parameters of the original optical signal are recovered, thus achieving time-division measurement of multidimensional physical quantity signals.

[0054] For example, optical splitters include, but are not limited to, fiber optic splitting devices such as splitters, circulators, and wavelength division multiplexers, forming a single-port multidimensional measurement system capable of measuring various physical parameters of optical signals. Among these, the wavelength division multiplexer can be CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) or FWDM (Filter Wavelength Division Multiplexer). CWDM is a device based on sparse wavelength division multiplexing technology, which significantly increases fiber capacity by multiplexing multiple wavelengths (typically spaced 20nm apart) into a single optical fiber. Its core characteristics are low cost and low power consumption, making it suitable for short-to-medium distance communication (such as metropolitan area networks and enterprise networks). FWDM is a three-port wavelength division multiplexing device based on thin-film filter (TFF) technology, mainly used to achieve multiplexing and demultiplexing of multiple wavelengths in a single optical fiber, which is beneficial for improving the transmission efficiency of optical fiber communication.

[0055] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application is shown below. Figure 4The fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application includes a fiber optic interface 1 and a multidimensional topology 2, which is an n-in, n-out dual-channel topology. n is a positive integer, n≥2. Taking n=2 as an example, the n-in, n-out dual-channel topology includes a first wave demultiplexer 33, a first beam splitter 34, and a second wave demultiplexer 35. The common port of the first wave demultiplexer 33 is connected to the fiber optic interface 1, and its reverse output is connected to the first detection channel 51. The forward input of the first beam splitter 34 is connected to the forward output of the first wave demultiplexer 33. The multi-channel detection component 5 includes a first detection channel 51 and a second detection channel 52. The multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal 4 includes a first wavelength excitation signal terminal 41 and a second wavelength excitation signal terminal 42. The forward input of the second wave demultiplexer 35 is connected to the first forward output of the first beam splitter 34, and the second forward output is connected to the second detection channel 52. The two reverse inputs are respectively connected to the first wavelength excitation signal terminal 41 and the second wavelength excitation signal terminal 42.

[0056] Specifically, fiber optic interface 1 serves as the transmitter of optical signals, capable of both inputting and outputting optical signals. The first wavelength excitation signal terminal 41 and the second wavelength excitation signal terminal 42 output first and second excitation signals of different wavelengths, respectively. The two excitation signals are coupled from the reverse input terminal into the second wavelength division multiplexer 35, the first beam splitter 34, and the first wavelength division multiplexer 33. The optical signal input to fiber optic interface 1 interacts with the first and second excitation signals, reflecting and outputting a multidimensional physical quantity signal. This signal is split by the first wavelength division multiplexer 33; a portion is received by the first detection channel 51, and after detection and demodulation, one dimension of the original optical signal's physical parameters is obtained. Another portion is split by the first beam splitter 34 to the second detection channel 52, and after detection and demodulation, another dimension of the original optical signal's physical parameters are obtained, thus achieving wavelength separation measurement of the multidimensional physical quantity signal.

[0057] This application adopts a dual-channel topology with 2 inputs and 2 outputs, and uses wavelength division multiplexing devices to enable two physical quantities of different wavelengths to enter and exit the optical fiber interface simultaneously without interfering with each other, and can simultaneously measure at least two physical parameters.

[0058] Based on the above embodiments, the first wavelength division multiplexer 33 is a TAP wavelength division multiplexer, configured to realize signal demultiplexing monitoring and power distribution, while simultaneously completing wavelength channel separation. A TAP wavelength division multiplexer (TAP-PD WDM) is a highly integrated optical communication device that integrates optical power monitoring (TAP-PD) and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) functions. It can monitor optical signal power in real time while achieving multi-wavelength multiplexing / demultiplexing, improving network controllability and reliability.

[0059] Specifically, the first wave demultiplexer 33 can achieve crosstalk between channels <-40dB and has advantages such as temperature compensation mechanism to maintain wavelength stability.

[0060] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of another fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application is shown below. Figure 5 The fiber-optic-based single-port multidimensional measurement system provided in this application includes a fiber optic interface 1 and a multidimensional topology 2, which is a cascaded adjustable topology. The multidimensional topology 2 includes at least three cascaded beam splitters. The input port of the first-stage beam splitter is connected to the fiber optic interface 1, and the reverse output of each beam splitter is connected to a wavelength excitation signal. The input port of the polarization controller 6 is connected to the output of the last-stage beam splitter, and it includes at least the same number of independently adjustable polarization channels as the number of cascaded beam splitters. One polarization channel is correspondingly connected to a detection channel of the multi-channel detection component 5.

[0061] For example, n 1x2 optical splitters are cascaded. The cascade input port of the first-stage optical splitter 31 is connected to fiber optic interface 1, the forward output of the first-stage optical splitter 31 is connected to the second-stage optical splitter 32, and the reverse input / output is connected to the first wavelength excitation signal terminal 41. The forward output of the second-stage optical splitter 32 is connected to the third-stage optical splitter (…). Figure 5 The input port (not shown) of the second-stage beam splitter 32 is connected to the second wavelength excitation signal terminal 42. The forward output terminal of the nth-stage beam splitter 3n is connected to the polarization controller 6, and the reverse output terminal of the second-stage beam splitter 32 is connected to the nth wavelength excitation signal terminal 4n.

[0062] For example, the polarization controller 6 employs a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems Polarization Mirror), a miniature optical device that dynamically controls the polarization state of a light beam using microelectromechanical technology. The MEMS polarization controller includes a digital control unit configured to adjust the optical power distribution ratio of each polarization detection channel in real time.

[0063] Fiber optic interface 1 serves as the optical signal transmitter, capable of both inputting and outputting optical signals. Excitation signals of different wavelengths, from the first wavelength excitation signal terminal 41 to the nth wavelength excitation signal terminal 4n, are output respectively. These signals interact with the optical signal in the main optical path after being coupled from the reverse input terminals of each stage of the beam splitter, and are reflected back to output multidimensional physical quantity signals to the polarization controller 6. After polarization processing, these signals are sent to the first detection channel 51, the second detection channel 52, ..., the nth detection channel 5n, and the 5th (n+1)th detection channel 5(n+1). Each detection channel performs time-division demodulation to obtain at least n physical parameters of the original optical signal, thus achieving polarization separation measurement of multidimensional physical quantity signals.

[0064] For example, the splitting ratio of n cascaded 1x2 beam splitters can be the same, or the splitting ratio from the first-stage beam splitter to the last-stage beam splitter can vary from 10:90 to 50:50. Here, 90 refers to the power proportion of the main optical path.

[0065] This application uses cascaded beam splitters in conjunction with MEMS polarizing mirrors to split the beam into different fiber optic links. Different splitting ratios can be used to adjust the intensity of each excitation signal. The beam is then sent through the MEMS polarizing mirrors to the detection channel system corresponding to each physical parameter, which helps to reduce the number of optical components and increase the stability and reliability of the test.

[0066] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a single-port multidimensional measurement method based on optical fiber, which uses the single-port multidimensional optical fiber measurement system provided in the above embodiments for measurement. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a single-port multidimensional measurement method based on optical fiber provided in an embodiment of this application. Based on the above embodiment, refer to... Figure 6 The measurement methods include:

[0067] S101, the controller controls the injection of optical signals through the fiber optic interface and the injection of laser signals through the multi-wavelength excitation signal end.

[0068] S102. Utilizing a multidimensional topological structure, the interaction and reflection of optical signals and laser signals are used to output multidimensional physical quantity signals.

[0069] S103, the controller controls the multi-channel detection component to detect and analyze multi-dimensional physical quantity signals to obtain the physical parameters of the original optical signal.

[0070] Specifically, the multidimensional topological structure performs spatiotemporal separation of the multidimensional physical quantity signals output from the interaction reflection, and each detection channel performs detection. Spatiotemporal separation includes spatial separation, temporal separation, and polarization separation. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the spatial separation configuration utilizes a beam splitter to separate channels of different physical quantities, obtaining multiple physical parameters of the original optical signal. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the time separation configuration uses pulse coding to distinguish the return signals at different time periods, obtaining multiple physical parameters of the original optical signal. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the wavelength separation configuration uses wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) devices to distinguish return signals of different wavelengths, obtaining multiple physical parameters of the original optical signal. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the polarization separation configuration involves adjusting the polarization state of the beam using a MEMS polarization mirror, detecting signals with different polarization states through a detection channel to achieve orthogonal signal decoupling, and obtaining multiple physical parameters of the original optical signal.

[0071] In summary, the embodiments of this application utilize a multidimensional topology to achieve spatiotemporal separation of multidimensional physical quantity signals output by the interaction and reflection of optical and laser signals. This eliminates the need for manual switching of optical links and enables the testing of at least two physical parameters among Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, Raman scattering, interference, and single-photon signals, thereby improving testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0072] Note that the above are merely preferred embodiments and technical principles of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and the features of various embodiments of this application can be partially or wholly coupled or combined with each other, and can cooperate and be technically driven in various ways. Various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, although this application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, this application is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of this application, and the scope of this application is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A single port multi-dimensional measurement system based on optical fiber, characterized in that, include: The fiber optic interface is a fiber optic port for connecting to an external detection fiber optic cable, configured to transmit optical signals; Multidimensional topology, including: An optical splitter, wherein the main channel end is optically coupled to the fiber optic port; a multi-wavelength excitation signal end, connected to the first branch end of the optical splitter, is configured to output excitation signals of multiple wavelengths; a multi-channel detection component, connected to the second branch end of the optical splitter, is configured to detect and process multi-dimensional physical quantity signals reflected after the interaction of the optical signal and the excitation signal; wherein the multi-dimensional physical quantity signals include at least two of Rayleigh scattering signals, Brillouin scattering signals, Raman scattering signals, interference signals, and single-photon signals; The controller is configured to coordinate the physical parameters of the external detection fiber outputting the optical signal, the multi-wavelength excitation signal outputting the excitation signal, and the multi-channel detection component detecting and analyzing the original optical signal. The multidimensional topology includes: a cascaded adjustable topology, including: At least three cascaded beam splitters, with the input port of the first-stage beam splitter connected to the optical fiber interface, and the reverse output of each beam splitter connected to a wavelength excitation signal terminal; a polarization controller, with its input port connected to the output of the last-stage beam splitter, including at least the same number of independently adjustable polarization channels as the number of cascaded beam splitters, and one of the polarization channels correspondingly connected to a detection channel of the multi-channel detection component; The polarization controller includes a digital control unit configured to adjust the optical power distribution ratio of each polarization detection channel in real time. The polarization controller includes a MEMS polarizing mirror.

2. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein, The multidimensional topology includes: A dual-channel topology with one input and two outputs includes: The first-stage beam splitter has its forward input port connected to the optical fiber port and its reverse input port connected to the multi-wavelength excitation signal port; the second-stage beam splitter has its forward input port connected to the forward output port of the first-stage beam splitter; the multi-channel detection component includes a first detection channel and a second detection channel, and the two output ports of the second-stage beam splitter are respectively connected to the first detection channel and the second detection channel.

3. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein, The multidimensional topology includes: A dual-channel topology with 2 inputs and 1 output includes: The first-stage optical splitter has its forward input port connected to the optical fiber interface and its forward output port connected to the multi-channel detection component; the second-stage optical splitter has its reverse output port connected to the reverse input port of the first-stage optical splitter; the multi-wavelength excitation signal terminal includes a first wavelength excitation signal terminal and a second wavelength excitation signal terminal, and the two reverse input ports of the second-stage optical splitter are respectively connected to the first wavelength excitation signal terminal and the second wavelength excitation signal terminal.

4. The measurement system of claim 1, wherein, The multi-channel detection component is configured to measure time-domain signals or frequency-domain signals.

5. The measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multidimensional topology includes: An n-in, n-out dual-channel topology, where n is a positive integer and n≥2, includes: The first wave demultiplexer has its common port connected to the optical fiber interface and its reverse output connected to the first detection channel; the first beam splitter has its forward input connected to the forward output of the first wave demultiplexer; the second wave demultiplexer has its forward input connected to the first forward output of the first beam splitter, its second forward output connected to the second detection channel, and its two reverse inputs connected to the first wavelength excitation signal and the second wavelength excitation signal, respectively.

6. The measurement system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first wavelength division multiplexer is a TAP wavelength division multiplexer, configured to realize signal splitting monitoring and power distribution, while also completing the separation of wavelength channels.

7. The measurement system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical splitter includes a beam splitter, a circulator, and a wavelength division multiplexer, configured to achieve parallel transmission with wavelength isolation >30dB.

8. A single-port multidimensional measurement method based on optical fiber, wherein the measurement is performed using the single-port multidimensional measurement system based on optical fiber as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, include: Control the injection of optical signals through the fiber optic interface and the injection of laser signals through the multi-wavelength excitation signal end; By utilizing a multidimensional topological structure, the interaction and reflection of optical and laser signals are realized to output multidimensional physical quantity signals. The multi-channel detection component is controlled to detect and analyze the multi-dimensional physical quantity signal to obtain the physical parameters of the original optical signal.

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