Unbalance measuring device, machining device and method for calibrating machining device, in particular unbalance measuring device

Abstract

The invention relates to an imbalance measuring device (U), comprising: two workpiece receiving devices (1, 2) spaced apart from each other for rotatably receiving a workpiece (W) whose imbalance is to be measured; and at least one sensor (3) for detecting vibrations of the workpiece (W) during rotation, the workpiece receiving devices (1, 2) each having a connector device (11, 21) for stationary fastening and a workpiece receiving part (13, 23) for rotatably receiving a workpiece part, a spring device (12, 22) is arranged between each of the connector devices (11, 21) and the workpiece receiving part (13, 23), said spring device comprising a lever section (121a) and a first receiving part (121b) and a second receiving part (121c), the lever section (121a) being clamped in each case in the end face of the first receiving part (121b) and the second receiving part (121c), and / or the unbalance measuring device is equipped with an angular position sensor device (3a), the device comprises an angular position sensor (33a) for determining a position angle of the workpiece (W) on the workpiece receiving part (13), and the angular position sensor (33a) is connected with the workpiece receiving part (13). The invention further comprises a machining device for a workpiece (W), comprising a machining receptacle (5) for receiving the workpiece (W), comprising a first holding device (51), a second holding device (53) and a drive device (52), which is designed to place the workpiece (W) in rotation, at least one machining tool (6) for machining the workpiece (W), and an imbalance measuring device (U), the holding means (51, 53) are provided for mounting a workpiece (W), and the drive means comprise a drive roller (52a) or a belt drive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an unbalance measuring device according to the preambles of claims 1 and 4, a machining device according to the preambles of claims 8 and 11, and a method for calibrating a machining device, in particular an unbalance measuring device, according to the preamble of claim 13. Background Art

[0002] Machining devices for machining rotationally symmetrical workpieces are known. Machining processes, in particular material-removing processes such as grinding, turning, etc., are carried out on the workpieces using such machining devices.

[0003] For example, rotors for electrical machines, in particular electric motors, can be machined on such machining devices.

[0004] One problem in the case of rotors for electric motors is that performance improves as speed increases, but the requirements on balancing quality and operating characteristics become more stringent as a result.

[0005] To this end, for example, DE 10 2017 12 5 889 A1 discloses a method and device for balancing a workpiece. Specifically, a method for balancing a workpiece is proposed, wherein the workpiece is rotated about a rotation axis, forces and / or moments and / or vibrations generated by the workpiece's imbalance during the rotation are measured, and material is removed from the workpiece to reduce the imbalance. The method is characterized in that material is removed from the rotating workpiece during the measurement, or the workpiece is continuously rotated between the measurement and the removal. Furthermore, a device for balancing a workpiece is proposed, comprising a clamping device for the workpiece and a rotary drive for rotating the workpiece about the rotation axis, at least one sensor for measuring forces and / or moments and / or vibrations generated by the workpiece's imbalance during the rotation, and at least one machining tool for removing material from the workpiece by rotating the workpiece. The device is characterized in that the machining tool can be controlled based on signals from the sensor so that material can be removed during the rotation of the workpiece to reduce the imbalance.

[0006] Furthermore, an improved unbalance measuring device or processing device is known from DE 10 2021 208 139 or PCT / EP 2022 / 071127, which were not yet published at the time of filing the present application. The contents of these applications are fully incorporated into the subject matter of the present application.

[0007] Although a feasible unbalance measurement device is proposed here, there is still a need for improvement, especially in simplifying the unbalance measurement device. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an improved unbalance measuring device, in particular an unbalance measuring device that can be constructed more simply.

[0009] According to the present invention, this object is achieved by an unbalance measuring device having the features of claim 1. Because the spring device comprises a rod segment and a first receptacle and a second receptacle, wherein the rod segment is clamped in the end faces of the first receptacle and the second receptacle, respectively, a simplified spring device and, therefore, a simplified unbalance measuring device can be provided. The rod segment can be designed, for example, as a simple elastic rod without requiring its own connecting device. The rod segment can be attached to a connector device or a workpiece receptacle via a respective suitable receptacle.

[0010] Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention can be derived in particular from the features of the dependent claims. The subject matter or features of the individual claims can in principle be combined with one another in any desired manner.

[0011] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, provision can be made for the first receiving portion to be connected to the connector device and for the second receiving portion to be connected to the workpiece receiving portion, in particular by screw fastening.

[0012] In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, provision can be made for the rod segments to be designed as rod-shaped profiles.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved unbalance measuring device, in particular to provide an unbalance measuring device that can better detect the position angle of a workpiece.

[0014] According to the invention, this object is achieved by an unbalance measuring device having the features of claim 4. Since the unbalance measuring device is equipped with an angular position sensor arrangement comprising an angular position sensor for determining the position angle of the workpiece on the workpiece receiving portion, wherein the angular position sensor is connected to the workpiece receiving portion, the position angle of the workpiece can be measured more accurately with less interference because the angular position sensor vibrates together with the workpiece receiving portion. A smaller distance from the workpiece can also be achieved.

[0015] Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention can be derived in particular from the features of the dependent claims. The subject matter or features of the individual claims can in principle be combined with one another in any desired manner.

[0016] In one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the angular position sensor arrangement may include a holder, a connector for the angular position sensor, and the angular position sensor received by the connector. The connector provided for the angular position sensor ensures that the sensor can be replaced, for example, in the event of repair. For example, the holder may be adapted to the shape of the workpiece to enable a small distance between the sensor and the workpiece.

[0017] In another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the support can be provided with a circular arc shape. Due to the circular arc shape, the sensor can be brought closer to the workpiece, which is usually a rotationally symmetrical component, in particular a rotor or rotor shaft of an electric motor.

[0018] In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the bracket may have a slot for a connector for pivotally fastening to the workpiece receiving portion and for fastening a connector for the angular position sensor, wherein the connector for the angular position sensor is fastened to the bracket by a screw inserted through the slot. This allows for highly customized adjustment of the position of the angular position sensor along the slot. The angular position sensor or its housing may be designed so that it can be fastened directly to or within the slot. Since the slot is typically provided in the bracket, the connector, and therefore the angular position sensor, can be displaced along the bracket and fixed in a suitable position. This further improves the adaptability of the angular position sensor to the workpiece.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved machining device for a workpiece, in particular to provide a machining device having an improved drive device for setting the workpiece in rotation.

[0020] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a processing device having the features of claim 8 or 11. Since the drive device comprises a drive roller that can come into contact with the workpiece to be driven, a drive device can be provided that can set the workpiece into rotation, keep the workpiece in rotation or decelerate the workpiece, but can also allow alternating movements of the workpiece or the workpiece receiving part (thus allowing vibrations) and / or can ensure protection against lifting of the workpiece. The drive device (in this case the drive roller) should ideally be designed to engage in the center of the workpiece and perpendicular to the axis of rotation, in principle at the center of gravity of the workpiece. The sliding of the drive roller relative to the workpiece can be influenced or adjusted by the force exerted by the drive roller when pressing on the workpiece. When accelerating or decelerating the workpiece, the contact force or contact pressure can generally be greater than the contact force or contact pressure during measurement. During measurement, the force applied to the workpiece should be as small as possible, in particular to avoid any influence on vibrations, measurement and / or damping.

[0021] Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention can be derived in particular from the features of the dependent claims. The subject matter or features of the individual claims can in principle be combined with one another in any desired manner.

[0022] In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, provision can be made for the drive roller to be provided with a friction coating. The friction coating or a correspondingly designed friction coating contributes to enabling a defined sliding movement between the drive roller and the workpiece.

[0023] In an advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the drive roller is a grinding wheel, in particular a grinding wheel which is used for balancing or for removing material during balancing.

[0024] In another advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the drive device may include a pivoting device configured to selectively press the drive roller onto the workpiece or lift it off the workpiece. The pivoting device can be used to selectively position the drive roller onto the workpiece or remove it from the workpiece. The pivoting device is also suitable for allowing alternating movement of the workpiece or the workpiece receiving portion. The drive roller or the pivoting device can also prevent or inhibit the rotating workpiece from being lifted off the workpiece receiving portion.

[0025] According to claim 11 , in order to achieve the above object, it can alternatively be provided that the drive device comprises a belt drive, wherein the belt drive comprises a belt which can be pressed against the workpiece to be driven.

[0026] Belt drives can set a workpiece into rotation, keep it rotating, or decelerate it, but they can also allow alternating movement of the workpiece or the workpiece receiving element (thus allowing vibrations) and / or provide protection against lifting of the workpiece. The drive (in this case, the belt) should ideally be designed to engage the workpiece in the center and perpendicular to the axis of rotation, typically at its center of gravity. The slippage of the drive roller relative to the workpiece can be influenced or adjusted by the force with which the belt or belt drive is pressed against the workpiece. When accelerating or decelerating the workpiece, the contact force or pressure can generally be greater than during measurement. During measurement, the workpiece should be subjected to as few forces as possible, particularly to avoid any influence on vibration, measurement, and / or damping. Furthermore, the belt prevents the rotor shaft from lifting off the device or its rollers when measuring imbalance.

[0027] Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention can be derived in particular from the features of the dependent claims. The subject matter or features of the individual claims can in principle be combined with one another in any desired manner.

[0028] In one advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the belt drive can include a drive roller, two tensioning rollers, and the belt. The belt tension, and thus the contact force on the workpiece, can be adjusted, in particular via the tensioning rollers. For example, during the initial drive or acceleration of the workpiece, a high force can be exerted on the workpiece by the belt. Furthermore, during the measurement process or while maintaining speed, the contact force can be reduced, in particular by loosening the belt. A certain amount of slippage between the belt and the workpiece is permitted. In principle, the entire belt drive can also be lifted relative to the workpiece.

[0029] In an advantageous embodiment, provision can be made for the belt to be a sanding or grinding belt.

[0030] Another object of the present invention is to propose an advantageous method for calibrating a machining device, in particular an unbalance measuring device, which method is particularly intended to suppress or eliminate angular errors of a workpiece during clamping.

[0031] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method for calibrating a machining device, in particular an imbalance measuring device, having the features of claim 13. By means of the method steps specified in claim 13, angular errors of the workpiece during clamping can be suppressed or eliminated.

[0032] Further advantageous embodiments of the proposed invention can be derived in particular from the features of the dependent claims. The subject matter or features of the individual claims can in principle be combined with one another in any desired manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 The unbalance measuring device is shown in a side view;

[0035] Figure 2 The unbalance measuring device is shown in a top view;

[0036] Figure 3 The AA section of the unbalance measuring device is shown;

[0037] Figure 4 The BB section of the unbalance measuring device is shown;

[0038] Figure 5 A perspective view showing an unbalance measuring device;

[0039] Figure 6 A perspective view showing an unbalance measuring device;

[0040] Figure 7 The unbalance measuring device is shown in a side view with the direction of movement indicated;

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic diagram shows a processing device;

[0042] Figure 9 An example of a workpiece is shown, which is in particular a rotor shaft of an electric motor;

[0043] Figure 10 A simplified diagram shows method step I of a method for measuring imbalance and machining a workpiece;

[0044] Figure 11 Method step II of the method for measuring the imbalance and machining the workpiece is shown in a simplified diagram;

[0045] Figure 12 Method step III of the method for measuring the imbalance and machining the workpiece is shown in a simplified diagram;

[0046] Figure 13 Method step IV of the method for measuring imbalance and machining a workpiece is shown in a simplified diagram;

[0047] Figure 13a An alternative method step IV of the method for measuring the imbalance and machining the workpiece is shown in a simplified diagram;

[0048] Figure 13b An alternative method step IV of the method for measuring the imbalance and machining the workpiece is shown in a simplified diagram;

[0049] Figure 13c An alternative method step IV of the method for measuring the imbalance and machining the workpiece is shown in a simplified diagram;

[0050] Figure 14 A schematic diagram shows method step V of a method for measuring an imbalance and machining a workpiece;

[0051] Figure 15 An unbalance measuring device having a spring device comprising rod segments is shown in a front view;

[0052] Figure 15a A front view of an unbalance measuring device with an alternative design of a spring device comprising rod segments;

[0053] Figure 15b An unbalance measuring device with an alternative design of a spring device (including other spring designs) is shown in a front view;

[0054] Figure 16 A perspective view of an unbalance measuring device having a spring device comprising rod segments;

[0055] Figure 16a A perspective view of an unbalance measuring device with an alternative design of a spring device comprising rod segments;

[0056] Figure 17 A perspective view of an unbalance measuring device with an angle sensor arrangement;

[0057] Figure 18 A perspective view of an unbalance measuring device with an angle sensor arrangement;

[0058] Figure 18a A perspective view shows an unbalance measuring device having an angle sensor arrangement and a drive roller placed on a workpiece;

[0059] Figure 19 A detail of a machining device with an unbalance measuring device and a drive roller placed on a workpiece is shown in a front view;

[0060] Figure 20shows a detail of a machining device having an unbalance measuring device with a drive roller placed on a workpiece and a pivotable holder, in particular showing two marked positions of the drive roller;

[0061] Figure 21 Shows a detail of a machining device having an unbalance measuring device with a drive roller raised from the workpiece and a pivotable holder;

[0062] Figure 22 shows a detail of a machining device having an unbalance measuring device with a drive roller placed on a workpiece and a pivotable holder, in particular showing two marked positions of the drive roller;

[0063] Figure 22a An enlarged detail showing the drive roller on the workpiece in two positions;

[0064] Figure 23 A machining device is shown, which has an unbalance measuring device together with a belt drive placed on a workpiece;

[0065] Figure 24 A machining device is shown, which has an unbalance measuring device together with a belt drive placed on a workpiece;

[0066] Figure 25 A machining device is shown, which has an unbalance measuring device together with a belt drive placed on a workpiece;

[0067] Figure 26 A workpiece having two areas on one side (and another two areas on the other side) is shown on a machining device with an unbalance measuring device;

[0068] Figure 26a A workpiece having two areas on one side (and another two areas on the other side) is shown on a machining device with an unbalance measuring device;

[0069] Figure 27 A workpiece having a plurality of regions on one side (and another plurality of regions on the other side) is shown on a machining device having an unbalance measuring device;

[0070] Figure 28 The workpiece is shown on a machining device with an unbalance measuring device in order to emphasize the balancing of the workpiece, in particular by removing material at calculated locations.

[0071] The following reference numerals are used in the drawings:

[0072] U Unbalance Measuring Device

[0073] R Rotation axis

[0074] H1 vertical axis

[0075] H2 vertical axis

[0076] W workpiece, especially rotor shaft

[0077] Z-axis head / journal

[0078] B Laminated core

[0079] D thrust washer

[0080] DV data processing device

[0081] FR support

[0082] FA guiding force

[0083] EL Rod segment installation length / clamping length

[0084] S Dust protection device

[0085] E Debugging Tools

[0086] N Reference surface for material removal

[0087] B1 First area (first axial position)

[0088] B2 Additional area (first axial position)

[0089] B1′ first area (second axial position)

[0090] B2′ Additional area (second axial position)

[0091] M1 First Mass

[0092] M2 Second Mass

[0093] 1 First workpiece receiving device

[0094] 2 Second workpiece receiving device

[0095] 3 Sensors, especially accelerometers

[0096] 4 processing tables

[0097] 5 Processing and receiving department

[0098] 6 Processing tools

[0099] 7 Quick-release fasteners

[0100] 9 Stopper

[0101] 10 Adjustment portion of stopper 9

[0102] 11 Connector device

[0103] 12 Spring device

[0104] 13 Workpiece receiving unit

[0105] 21 Connector device

[0106] 22 Spring device

[0107] 23 Workpiece receiving unit

[0108] 24 Adjustment section of the spring device

[0109] 51 first holding device

[0110] 52 drive unit

[0111] 53 Second holding device

[0112] 71 bracket

[0113] 72 rollers

[0114] 121 Springs, especially leaf springs

[0115] 122 pivot arm

[0116] 123 Pivot Arm

[0117] 131 First Roller

[0118] 132 Second Roller

[0119] 221 Springs, especially leaf springs

[0120] 222 pivot arm

[0121] 223 Pivot Arm

[0122] 231 First Roller

[0123] 232 Second Roller

[0124] 3a Angular position sensor assembly

[0125] 31a Bracket

[0126] 32a connector

[0127] 33a Angular position sensor

[0128] 52a Drive roller

[0129] 52b belt drive

[0130] 311a connector

[0131] 312a slot

[0132] 313a Stopper

[0133] 121a Pole Section

[0134] 121b Receiving Unit

[0135] 121c Receiving Department

[0136] 121d Adjustment unit of receiving unit 121b 121e is used to adjust the scale of 121d

[0137] 121f;f' Electromechanical Adjustment Department

[0138] 221a Pole Section

[0139] 221b receiving unit

[0140] 221c Receiving Department

[0141] 221f, f' adjustment unit

[0142] 321a Spring element, coil spring

[0143] 321b receiving portion of the spring element 321a

[0144] 321c receiving portion of the spring element 321a

[0145] 321d is used for the adjustment part of 321a

[0146] 421a Spring element, yoke spring

[0147] 421c Receiving portion of spring element 321a

[0148] 421d is used for the adjustment part of 321a

[0149] 521a retainer

[0150] 522a Drives, especially hydraulic cylinders

[0151] 521b driving roller

[0152] 522b tension roller

[0153] 523b tension roller

[0154] 524b belt DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0155] It is clear that features and details described in the context of a method are also applicable in the context of the device according to the invention, and vice versa, so that in terms of the disclosure, reference can always be made to each other in various aspects of the invention. In addition, any described method according to the invention can be performed by the device according to the invention.

[0156] The terms used herein are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "one" and "the" are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, it is clear that when the terms "having" and / or "comprising" are used in this specification, it is indicated that there are the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but it is not excluded that there are or add one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, parts and / or their groups. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any element in the associated listed elements and all combinations of one or more thereof.

[0157] References below Figures 1 to 8 . Figures 1 to 8 An unbalance measuring device or a processing device as described in DE 10 2021 208 139 or PCT / EP2022 / 071127 is schematically shown.

[0158] The unbalance measuring device U includes a first workpiece receiving device 1 , a second workpiece receiving device 2 , and a sensor 3 for determining the unbalance of a rotating workpiece W.

[0159] The first workpiece receiving device 1 comprises a connector device 11 for releasably connecting to the machining table 4. Furthermore, the first workpiece receiving device 1 comprises a workpiece receiving portion 13. The workpiece receiving portion 13 is provided for receiving a part of a workpiece W in a rotatable manner.

[0160] The second workpiece receiving device 2 comprises a connector device 21 for releasably connecting to the machining table 4. Furthermore, the second workpiece receiving device 2 comprises a workpiece receiving portion 23. The workpiece receiving portion 23 is provided for receiving a portion of a workpiece W in a rotatable manner.

[0161] The workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 are arranged at a distance from one another so that a workpiece W can be placed between them. It is preferably provided that the end of the workpiece (in the present embodiment, the shaft stub Z of the rotor shaft) is received in the respective workpiece receiving portion 13, 23. In this respect, the workpiece receiving portion 13, 23 or the received workpiece W forms the axis of rotation R. Thus, the workpiece W can be received in the workpiece receiving portion 13, 23 between the two workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 so as to be rotated about the axis of rotation R. Preferably, by appropriately selecting the distance, the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 form an axial boundary, so that the workpiece W cannot be displaced, or can be displaced only slightly, between the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2.

[0162] In the figures, moreover, a vertical axis H1 or H2 , respectively, is used for orientation, which preferably extends perpendicularly from the machining table 4 through the axis of rotation R.

[0163] It can be seen that spring devices 12, 22 are respectively arranged between the corresponding connector devices 11, 21 and the corresponding workpiece receiving portions 13, 23. The spring devices are designed to enable the corresponding workpiece receiving portions 13, 23 to overcome the force of the corresponding springs 121, 221 and move relative to the corresponding connector devices 11, 21 in a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the rotation axis R. Preferably, the first workpiece receiving device 1 and / or the second workpiece receiving device 2 are equipped with spring devices 12, 22.

[0164] Accordingly, the spring device 12 in principle allows the corresponding workpiece receiving part 13, 23 to perform a predetermined deviation movement in its direction with respect to the corresponding connector device 11, 21 to which it is fixedly attached. Therefore, in principle, the vibration caused by the imbalance of the rotating workpiece W received by the imbalance measuring device U can be transmitted to the corresponding workpiece receiving part 13, 23. However, the corresponding workpiece receiving parts 13, 23 are not fixedly connected to the corresponding connector devices 11, 21, so they can form a certain vibration system together with the workpiece W. With the help of the knowledge of the dynamic characteristics of this system, the vibration of the workpiece W of actual interest can be calculated by the vibration of the entire system consisting of the workpiece W and the corresponding workpiece receiving parts 13, 23. For this purpose, it is provided that at least one workpiece receiving part, preferably two corresponding workpiece receiving parts 13, 23, are equipped with a corresponding sensor 3, in particular an acceleration sensor, which is in turn connected to the data processing device DV.

[0165] It is also preferably provided that the respective spring device 12, 22 has a respective leaf spring 121, 221. The leaf springs are preferably oriented in the direction of the vertical axes H1 and / or H2.

[0166] In the case of the unbalance measuring device U shown, the decoupling is preferably achieved by means of corresponding mechanical spring devices 12, 22. However, a corresponding spring effect can also be achieved by other measures, such as hydraulic or pneumatic components.

[0167] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the spring device comprises a first pivot arm 122, 123 and a second pivot arm 222, 223, respectively, between the respective connector device 11, 21 and the respective workpiece receptacle 13, 23, wherein the pivot arms are arranged so as to be articulated to the connector device and the workpiece receptacle. The articulation axes of the pivot arms 122, 123 or 222, 223 are preferably arranged parallel to the axis of rotation R. This arrangement results in a non-rotatable, planar, articulated gear mechanism-like connection. In this regard, the respective pivot arm 122, 123 or 222, 223 forces the respective workpiece receptacle 13, 23 to move along a nearly linear, in fact slightly circular, motion path. However, the linear motion component is primarily crucial. The respective spring device 12, 22, in particular the respective spring 121, 221, is arranged between the respective connector device 11, 21 and the respective workpiece receiving portion 13, 23 in such a way that the respective workpiece receiving portion 13, 23 is always moved back into a center position in which the respective pivot arm 122, 123 or 222, 223 is oriented perpendicular to the machining table or parallel to the vertical axis H1, H2, respectively. The respective spring 121, 221, in particular the leaf spring, is preferably oriented in line with the vertical axis, in particular parallel to the vertical axis H1, H2, respectively. The general direction of movement is indicated by the arrow, in particular in Figure 14 middle.

[0168] Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the respective workpiece receptacle 13, 23 of the unbalance measuring device U comprises a first rotatable roller 131, 231 and a second rotatable roller 132, 232, which form a receptacle between them for a portion of the workpiece W (e.g., the shaft stub of a rotor shaft). The axes of rotation of the rollers 131, 132, 231, 232 are preferably oriented parallel to the axis of rotation R. Accordingly, it is provided that the workpiece end is received between the rollers 131 and 132 or 231 and 232, but with a roller spacing smaller than the diameter of the workpiece end to be received. Accordingly, the received workpiece end can be supported by both rollers.

[0169] In accordance with Figures 1 to 8 In the exemplary embodiment of , it is further provided that the unbalance measuring device U is equipped with two quick-release fasteners 7. As will be further explained below, the quick-release fasteners 7 can also be omitted or implemented by other measures.

[0170] The quick-release fastener 7 essentially comprises a pivotable bracket 71. The bracket 71 has an L-shaped design. The pivot axis is oriented parallel to the axis of rotation. In addition, the quick-release fastener comprises a rotatable roller 72. The axis of rotation of the roller is oriented parallel to the axis of rotation. The workpiece is already held in the corresponding workpiece receiving portion 13, 23 in the direction of gravity, in particular between the rollers 131, 132 or 231, 232, respectively. By the rollers 72 of the quick-release fastener 7 resting on the workpiece end from above, the receiving portion can be closed to a certain extent by the quick-release fastener 7. In this case, the workpiece end is surrounded by three rollers and can therefore no longer be disengaged. By pivoting or opening the quick-release fastener 7, the receiving portion can be released accordingly and the workpiece W can be removed. The activation of the quick-release fastener 7 can be performed in an automated manner, in particular hydraulically or pneumatically.

[0171] The processing device for a workpiece W mainly includes a processing receiving portion 5 for receiving the workpiece, the processing receiving portion including a first holding device 51, a second holding device 53, and a drive device 52, wherein the drive device 52 is configured to rotate the workpiece W, and the holding devices 51 and 53 are configured to mount the workpiece W. In addition, the processing device includes at least one processing tool 6 for processing the workpiece W and an unbalance measuring device U. The unbalance measuring device U is preferably the unbalance measuring device U described above.

[0172] The machining tool 6 can be, for example, a milling, turning, or grinding device. Other devices for machining, in particular removing material, in particular of metal workpieces are also conceivable. In particular, the direction of actuation of the selected machining tool 6 toward the workpiece W can vary depending on the selected machining tool 6.

[0173] The processing receiving part 5 is preferably connected to the processing table 4 or attached to the processing table 4. For example, the processing table 4 is attached so as to be fixed and stationary. However, the processing table 4 can also be designed to be displaceable, so that the unbalance measuring device U attached to the processing table 4, in particular the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2, can be moved relative to the processing receiving part 5, in particular relative to the holding devices 51, 53 or the workpiece W. Therefore, the unbalance measuring device U can also be transported to the workpiece W and / or the processing receiving part 5, in particular the holding devices 51, 53, or the received workpiece W can be transported to the unbalance measuring device U. For example, the processing table 4 can also be designed to be multi-part, in particular so that the first part of the processing table 4 forms the holding devices 51, 53 and the drive device 52, and the other part of the processing table 4 supports the unbalance measuring device U, in particular the unbalance measuring machine.

[0174] In principle, forces and moments can be dissipated into the machining table 4. The machining receiver 5 can be directly connected to the machining table. The respective workpiece receiver 13, 23 is indirectly connected to the machining table 4 via the respective spring device 12, 22. The stopper 9 limits the deflection of the respective workpiece receiver 13, 23 or the respective spring device 12, 22 and can be adjusted or adapted via the adjustment part 10.

[0175] The holding devices 51, 53 are designed in principle to establish a releasable, in particular quickly releasable, connection with the workpiece W. The holding device 51 is provided for mounting, in particular for mounting for machining by the machining tool 6. The holding devices 51, 53 are connected to a transport mechanism (not shown here), via which the held workpiece can be transferred or positioned, for example, placed on or removed from the unbalance measuring device U (in particular, the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2).

[0176] Suitable retaining devices 51, 53 are, for example, Oldham couplings with corresponding cones or truncated cones, which can engage, for example, in the hollow cylindrical shaft end of a workpiece, in particular a rotor shaft, or they can include such components. Retaining devices 51, 53 can also be corresponding form-fitting elements or they can include such components, which can releasably establish a form-fitting connection with the workpiece W, in particular with the shaft stub Z, according to the lock-and-key principle.

[0177] The drive device 52 may be, for example, an electric motor or a stepper motor, by means of which the workpiece W can be set in rotation, or by means of which a predetermined angular position of the workpiece W can be actuated. Further alternative drive devices will be described.

[0178] Further details of the invention can be gathered in particular from the exemplary description of the method according to the invention.

[0179] The following describes a basic method for balancing and / or machining a workpiece, in particular a rotor shaft, using a machining device, in particular an unbalance measuring device. It should be understood that only selected method steps are shown here to facilitate understanding of the method according to the present invention. The method may include other steps or intermediate steps known to those skilled in the art.

[0180] Conceivable workpieces are rotationally symmetrical workpieces W, such as the rotor shaft of an electric motor. Figure 9 Such a rotor shaft is shown in . In particular, the rotor shaft W is shown with the end journal Z, the laminated core B is shown in dashed lines, and the thrust washer D is shown in dotted lines.

[0181] Figure 10The rotor shaft W is schematically shown as being received by the workpiece receiving portion 5, in particular by the holding devices 51, 53. The workpiece W has not yet been respectively inserted into the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 of the unbalance measuring device U or has not yet been received by them.

[0182] First, the workpiece W is subjected to conventional machining by the machining tool 6 , such as grinding or turning to remove material from the workpiece W. However, this machining is not for balancing the workpiece W, but for conventional machining.

[0183] Figure 11 The machining of a workpiece W, in particular a bearing point on a rotor shaft, is schematically illustrated. Furthermore, defined reference surfaces or reference contours are formed, from which material is removed during balancing. Because these surfaces or geometric structures are formed during clamping at the bearing point, they are very precisely coaxial with the bearing point L. For this purpose, a machining tool 6, such as a grinding device, is used. Supports or the like may also be used to absorb and / or support the grinding forces. The dashed lines illustrate different machining situations or different tools.

[0184] Preferably, the drive device 52 sets the workpiece W in rotation during this machining process.

[0185] Figure 12 The figure schematically shows the support point L of the workpiece W after grinding. Furthermore, it shows how the machining tool 6 is no longer in use or has been removed. The machined, at least partially machined, workpiece W has been moved toward the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 of the unbalance measuring device U by means of machining receivers, in particular holding devices 51, 53, and placed on the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 (in particular, on the workpiece receiving devices 13, 23). Alternatively or additionally, it can also be provided that the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 of the unbalance measuring device U are moved toward the partially machined workpiece, that is, the unbalance measuring device U is moved toward the workpiece W. The holding devices 51, 53 are separated from the workpiece W, or alternatively, only one holding device is separated from the workpiece W, preferably the holding device 53 arranged on the opposite side of the drive 52. However, the drive 52 is connected to the workpiece W. In particular, radial and axial guidance of the workpiece W is provided by the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2. For example, the workpiece W can be axially guided in the unbalance measuring device U by means of a spring-loaded element. The spring-loaded element can, for example, exert an axial force Fa, guide the workpiece into an axial position, and guide it when the drive or holding device 52, 53 is decoupled from the workpiece W. Preferably, the spring-loaded element has a friction-reducing coating or rollers or the like. In particular, the spring-loaded element loads and guides the workpiece W in the axial direction and, for example, engages on the edge of the workpiece W. The force exerted by the workpiece receiving device 1, 2 on the workpiece is Figure 13 This is schematically illustrated by way of example with thicker arrows, wherein in particular the radial supporting force Fr and the axial guiding force Fa are shown.

[0186] It can be provided that the workpiece W is additionally secured against falling out by a quick-release fastener 7 on the workpiece receiving device or the workpiece receiving portion.

[0187] The drive device 52 drives the workpiece W to a speed, specifically a balancing speed. The balancing speed is understood to be the speed of the workpiece W at which the imbalance measurement is to be performed. This balancing speed depends, among other things, on the component to be balanced and its subsequent operating speed. To receive the workpiece W at a precise angle, the angular position of the workpiece W is preferably determined by a sensor and a reference formed or attached to the workpiece W.

[0188] Figure 13 The diagram schematically illustrates how the drive 52 is decoupled after reaching the equilibrium speed. The drive remains engaged with the workpiece. This means that the workpiece W rotates freely in the unbalance measuring device U, particularly in the workpiece receiving device 13, 23. Decoupling all machine components (such as the headstock, support, tailstock, tool, etc.) is beneficial for the measurement process. This ensures that the measurement is not influenced by other rotating bodies, their masses, or their vibration characteristics. The reception of the workpiece W in the workpiece receiving device 1, 2 can overlap with the decoupling of the drive 52 or the holding device 51.

[0189] Figure 13a An alternative embodiment is schematically shown in the figure, in which the workpiece W is still engaged with the drive device 52, but the holding devices 51, 53 are decoupled or separated. This means that the workpiece W rotates freely in the unbalance measuring device U, in particular in the workpiece receiving part 13, 23, and can still be maintained at the desired speed or be set to the desired speed. The drive device 52 is advantageously engaged with the workpiece W by means of a cross-slider coupling, whereby the driving influence on the workpiece W can be minimized. The decoupling of machine components (such as the spindle box, support, tailstock, tool, etc.) is beneficial to the measuring process. Therefore, it is preferable to ensure that the measurement is not affected by other rotating bodies and their mass or their vibration characteristics. The reception of the workpiece W on the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 can overlap with the decoupling of the drive device 52 or the holding device 51.

[0190] The workpiece W rotates at a desired speed, in particular a balance speed. The imbalance is measured using one or more sensors 3. During the measurement, the speed may decrease or pass through a predetermined speed range. The measurement results are transmitted to a data processing device DV. The data processing device DV calculates measures to eliminate or at least reduce the imbalance to a technically acceptable level. The data processing device DV then controls the machining tool 6.

[0191] Figure 13bAn alternative embodiment is schematically illustrated in which the workpiece W is not engaged with the drive device 52, and the holding devices 51, 53 are also decoupled or separated. Consequently, the workpiece W rotates freely in the unbalance measuring device U, particularly in the workpiece receiving devices 13, 23, and can be maintained at a desired speed or brought to a desired speed (accelerated or decelerated) by a drive device (including, for example, a drive wheel 52a or a drive belt 52b). Advantageously, only the drive device 52 engages with the workpiece W, thereby minimizing any drive effects on the workpiece W. The drive wheel 52a or drive belt 52b preferably engages at the center of gravity of the workpiece W. Other or additional drives or engagement points are shown in dashed lines. Decoupling machine components (such as the headstock, support, tailstock, tool, etc.) is beneficial for the measurement process. Therefore, it is preferable to ensure that the measurement is not, or only minimally, affected by other rotating bodies, their masses, or their vibrational properties. The reception of the workpiece W in the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 can overlap with the decoupling of the drive device 52 or holding device 51.

[0192] Figure 13c Schematically depicts an alternative embodiment in which the workpiece W is not engaged with the drive device 52, and the holding devices 51, 53 are also decoupled or separated. Consequently, the workpiece W rotates freely in the unbalance measuring device U, particularly in the workpiece receiving portion 13, 23, and can be maintained at a desired speed or brought to a desired speed (accelerated or decelerated) by the drive device (including, for example, a drive wheel 52a, particularly a processing tool 6). The processing tool 6 can be, for example, a grinding wheel 6 for generating the unbalance. Here, the workpiece W is advantageously held by the holding devices 51, 53, thereby reliably absorbing the forces generated. The drive wheel 52a or the grinding wheel 6 preferably engages at the center of gravity of the workpiece W. However, other or additional engagement points are also shown with dashed lines. These engagement points may result, for example, from previous machining of the workpiece. The grinding wheel 6 rotates the workpiece W to the desired speed, and then the holding devices 51, 53 are separated from the workpiece, and the workpiece is guided solely by the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2, and the unbalance measurement is performed. The reception of the workpiece W in the workpiece receiving devices 1 , 2 and the decoupling of the holding devices 51 , 53 can overlap.

[0193] To machine the support point L and the reference surface for balancing, the grinding wheel is already in contact with the workpiece W. If, as in this embodiment, the grinding wheel then drives the workpiece W to the desired speed, the cycle time for machining and balancing the workpiece W can be reduced. Furthermore, decoupling machine components (such as the headstock, support, tailstock, tool, etc.) is advantageous for the measurement process. Therefore, it is preferable to ensure that the measurement is not, or only minimally, influenced by other rotating bodies, their masses, or their vibration characteristics. The reception of the workpiece W on the workpiece receiving devices 1, 2 can overlap with the decoupling of the drive device 52 or the holding device 51.

[0194] In any case, the workpiece W rotates at a desired speed, a speed ramp, and in particular, a balanced speed. The imbalance is measured using one or more sensors 3. During the measurement, the speed may decrease or pass through a predetermined speed range. The measurement results are transmitted to a data processing device DV. The data processing device DV calculates measures to eliminate or at least reduce the imbalance to a technically acceptable level. The data processing device DV then controls the machining tool 6.

[0195] Figure 14 , it is schematically shown how the measures calculated by the data processing device DV are carried out, in particular how material is removed at predetermined positions of the workpiece W. Preferably, these predetermined positions are reference surfaces N, which are formed with high precision, in particular with small coaxiality errors relative to the support point L. These reference surfaces can be formed, for example, on the flange Z, the laminated core B, the shaft body of the workpiece W or the thrust washer D. For this purpose, the same machining tool 6 as for conventional machining can be used, or a special machining tool can be used. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the workpiece W is removed again from the unbalance measuring device U, in particular by means of a holding device 51. It can also be provided that the workpiece W is now coupled again to the drive device 52 and thereby set in rotation or actuated to a predetermined angular position. If the quick-release fastener 7 has been used before, it has already been opened again before this.

[0196] The material removed to influence the imbalance of the workpiece W, in particular to at least partially reduce the circumference, in particular to shape the circumference of the workpiece W, can be removed from the workpiece, for example, in such a way that a flat, free-form or circular cross-sectional surface is formed on the workpiece.

[0197] The unbalance measuring device U may also be separately equipped with a data processing device DV, a machining tool 6 for unbalance machining of the workpiece W, and a machining receiving portion 5 including holding devices 51 , 53 for holding the workpiece W and a drive device 52 for rotating the workpiece W.

[0198] Improvements to a machining device, in particular to an unbalance measuring device U, are proposed below.

[0199] References below Figure 15 、 Figure 15a 、 Figure 15b as well as Figure 16 、 Figure 16a .

[0200] Here, an alternative embodiment of the spring device 12 is specifically shown. The spring device comprises a rod segment 121a and a first receptacle 121b and a second receptacle 121c. The rod segment 121a is clamped into the ends of the first receptacle 121b and the second receptacle 121c, respectively. The first receptacle 121b is correspondingly connected to the connector device 11, and the second receptacle 121c is connected to the workpiece receptacle 13, in particular by screws. The rod segment 121a is designed as a rod-shaped profile. It has elastic properties, in particular bending elastic properties, comparable to those of a leaf spring, but is much easier to produce. The rod segment can be bent accordingly. The rod segments or receptacles on the other side are designated by the reference numerals 221a, 221b, and 221c, respectively. For example, the rod segment is received in such a manner that it has an installation length EL or an effective bending length.

[0201] Figure 15a As shown in FIG, the effective bending length EL or installation length EL can be variable. To this end, for example, the receiving portion 121b can be relatively tightened axially along the rod element 121 by means of an adjustment portion 121d (such as a slot or a separate threaded hole). The changed bending length or installation length changes the elastic spring characteristics of the rod element 121a. By means of adaptable or variable spring characteristics, the device can be adapted to different imbalances and workpieces W. The stopper 9 prevents overloading of the spring device 12, 121a, 221a. With the help of the adjustment portion 10, the stopper 9 can also be adapted to different conditions. The scales 121e, 221e facilitate the correct adjustment of the receiving portions 121b, 221b on both sides of the device U, 1. The spring characteristics of the rod element can be influenced or changed by the material and geometric structure.

[0202] Figure 15b , another design embodiment is shown in which the effective bending length EL or installation length EL is variable, for example, using an electromechanical actuator 121f. Different installation lengths EL or different effective bending lengths are schematically indicated here by dashed lines. The electromechanical actuator 121f can, for example, comprise a linear drive and vary the support or fastening of the spring device or the rod element 121a, 221a.

[0203] Figure 15c An alternative design embodiment is shown in FIG, in which the spring device 12 comprises a horizontally oriented spring, for example a helical spring 321a, in particular a helical spring with progressive characteristics. In the case of the helical spring 321a, the spring characteristics can be adapted or changed by means of a variable preload, in particular by means of an adjuster 321d. In addition, Figure 15c In the example, a torsion spring or helical torsion spring 421a is shown. The spring characteristics of such a helical torsion spring can also be influenced by preload, for example by means of an adjuster 421d.

[0204] Figure 16a, an alternative embodiment of an unbalance measuring device is shown in perspective, which has an alternative embodiment of a spring device comprising a rod segment. The deflection of the workpiece receiving portion 23 can be limited by means of a stop 9. The stop 9 can be adjusted by means of an adjustment element 10. The adjustment element 221f enables the spring characteristics of the spring device, in particular the rod segment 221a, to be adjusted to the expected vibrations of the workpiece receiving portion 23 or the unbalance of the workpiece W that may occur during the measurement. In addition, the expected or adjustable vibrations of the workpiece receiving portion 23 or the unbalance of the workpiece W can be adjusted by means of the adjustment element 221f.

[0205] References below Figure 17 and Figure 18 .

[0206] In particular, an angular position sensor device 3 a is shown here for determining the position angle of a workpiece on a workpiece receiving portion 13 .

[0207] The angular position sensor device 3a mainly comprises a bracket 31a and a connector 32a for an angular position sensor 33a.

[0208] The bracket 31a itself preferably has the shape of a circular arc segment and is accordingly curved. Furthermore, the bracket 31a includes a connector 311a for pivotally fastening to the workpiece receiving portion 13 and a slot 312a for fastening the connector 32a of the angular position sensor 33a. The connector 311a for pivotally fastening to the workpiece receiving portion 13 can be designed, for example, as a screw that is inserted through a corresponding opening in the bracket 31a. The pivot axis of the bracket 31a extends parallel to the rotation axis R of the workpiece. The angular position sensor device 3a, and in particular the bracket 31a, can also be equipped with a stopper 313a for limiting the pivot angle of the bracket 31a.

[0209] Connector 32a for angular position sensor 33a can be fastened to bracket 31a using screws that can be inserted through slots 312a. In this way, connector 32a can be displaced along bracket 31a and fixedly positioned. Thus, connector 32a can be moved approximately along a partial circular path and fixedly positioned.

[0210] This allows for improved guidance of the angular position sensor, in particular for determining the angular position of a workpiece. Another advantage is that the angular position sensor 33a can be positioned or displaced relative to and along the axis of rotation. Advantageously, this results in a smaller distance from the workpiece, less interference, and more precise measurements. The angular position sensor 33a can also vibrate together with the workpiece receiving portion 13.

[0211] Figure 17 The angular position sensor arrangement 3a, in particular the connector 32a, is shown without the angular position sensor 33a inserted therein. Figure 18The angular position sensor arrangement 3a, in particular the connector 32a, is shown plugged into the angular position sensor 33a.

[0212] Then, refer to Figures 19 to 22a as well as Figures 23 to 25 .

[0213] An alternative drive (drive roller 52 a , belt drive 52 b ) which is provided for setting the workpiece in rotation is given below.

[0214] The drive advantageously rotates the workpiece and provides protection against lifting. Regarding the functions of the drive, acceleration, deceleration, and speed maintenance must also be mentioned. Preferably, an embodiment of the drive is provided in which the workpiece is driven by friction.

[0215] Ideally, the drive should be set so that it engages the center of the workpiece and is perpendicular to the axis of rotation, in principle at the center of gravity of the workpiece.

[0216] Ideally, the drive should also be configured to allow alternating movements of the rotor shaft, in particular vibrations of the workpiece receiving portion 13. As little force as possible should be applied to the workpiece, in particular to avoid influences on vibrations, measurement and / or damping.

[0217] Figures 19 to 22a A first embodiment of a drive device is schematically shown in FIG. The drive device here comprises a drive roller 52 a. The drive roller 52 a is pressed against the workpiece W by the weight of the drive roller or a drive device (not shown) driving the drive roller. The drive roller 52 a is preferably provided with a friction coating that preferably enables a defined slip.

[0218] Figure 20 and Figure 21 , a pivoting device for or with a drive roller is shown. The drive device comprises a pivoting device configured to selectively press the drive roller 52a against the workpiece W or to lift the drive roller from the workpiece. The pivoting device comprises a pivotable holder 521a for the drive roller 52a and a corresponding drive 522a, such as a hydraulic cylinder, for pivoting the pivoting device. Figure 20 and Figure 21 In FIG, the pivoting movement about the pivot axis is indicated by a semicircular arrow. The slip between the workpiece W and the drive roller 52a can be adjusted or influenced by the contact force or pressure of the drive roller 52a on the workpiece W. If the drive roller 52a is lifted from the workpiece W and thus no longer in contact with it when measuring the imbalance of the rotor shaft or workpiece W, it can secure the workpiece W when it is lifted and removed from the workpiece receiving portion 11, 13. In this case, the supports 7, 71 can be omitted.

[0219] Figure 20 and Figure 21 It is shown how the drive roller acts on the central part of the workpiece designed as the rotor shaft. It is also conceivable that the drive roller acts on other parts of the rotor shaft, such as the flange Z or the thrust washer D.

[0220] It is also preferably provided that the drive device (in particular the drive roller 52a) is designed to allow for a superimposed movement and additional drive of the workpiece. This means that the drive roller 52a preferably allows for alternating left-right oscillation of the workpiece receiving portion 13, 23 or the workpiece W. To achieve this, the drive roller 52a must be able to be pushed back radially by the workpiece W so as to maintain contact, so to speak, on both sides of the maximum elevation of the workpiece W (deflection of the drive roller 52a). If this is not possible, the drive roller 52a will impair or prevent the oscillation and, therefore, the measurement.

[0221] Figure 22 and Figure 22a FIG. 4 shows how the workpiece receiving portion oscillates left and right (indicated by the double-headed arrows) while the drive roller 52 a is stationary relative to it because, for example, the drive roller is fastened to the connector device 11 or the machine bed 4 by means of a retainer. The contact point between the drive roller 52 a and the workpiece W shifts or alternates (indicated by the double-headed arrows). Figure 22a The three diagrams of the workpiece W and its center relative to the drive roller 52a are intended to indicate the maximum leftward deflection ALmax or the maximum rightward deflection ARmax of the workpiece W. In the A0 position, the workpiece W or the workpiece receiving portion 13, 23 is not deflected. Figure 22a As shown, the drive roller 52a is alternately moved more to the left or more to the right against the workpiece W. The drive roller 52a can be retracted upward, thereby allowing the workpiece W to vibrate or move alternately. In addition, W-ALmax shows the workpiece at its maximum deflection ALmax to the left, and W-ARmax shows the workpiece at its maximum deflection ARmax to the right. For clarity, Figure 22 In the embodiment of the present invention, the drive roller 52a is fixed and the workpiece W "yields," although the workpiece W in the machine primarily performs the aforementioned left-right alternating vibration, while the drive roller 52a can perform the aforementioned yielding or vertical yielding motion. Furthermore, for clarity, in other figures, the drive roller 52a is shown on the left and right sides of the workpiece, although the aforementioned motion occurs relative to each other.

[0222] During the initial drive or acceleration of the workpiece, the drive roller may exert significant force on the workpiece or be pressed against it. During the measurement process, the contact force typically or preferably decreases. Slippage relative to the workpiece may occur. This preferably has minimal or no effect on the measurement or vibrations of the device.

[0223] The drive roller preferably rests on the workpiece due to its weight. This allows the workpiece to be moved laterally. This allows the workpiece to maintain its speed. The drive roller provides a safeguard against the workpiece lifting off.

[0224] References below Figures 23 to 25 .

[0225] Figures 23 to 25 Another embodiment of the drive device is schematically shown in FIG.

[0226] The drive device here comprises a belt drive 52b.

[0227] The belt drive essentially consists of a drive roller 521b, two tensioning rollers 522b, 523b, and a belt 524b. The belt is shown in dashed lines in the figures. The belt partially wraps around the workpiece. It is preferably provided that the drive, in particular the belt drive 52b, allows for an oscillating movement of the workpiece receiving portion 13 (indicated by a double-headed arrow).

[0228] The drive is preferably also carried out by means of friction using sliding. For example, the belt 524b can also comprise an abrasive belt. Figure 23 shows the maximum deviation of the workpiece to the left, while Figure 24 The maximum deflection of the workpiece W or the workpiece receiving portion 13 to the right is shown in FIG.

[0229] One advantage of belt drives in particular is that the contact force can be adjusted via the belt tension. For example, Figure 25 The arrangement of a belt drive with relatively low belt tension is shown in FIG.

[0230] During initial driving or acceleration of the workpiece, the belt may exert significant force on the workpiece or be pressed against the workpiece.

[0231] During the measurement or while maintaining the speed, the contact force is preferably reduced, in particular the tension of the belt is reduced. Preferably, there will be slippage relative to the workpiece.

[0232] The device preferably vibrates, as lateral movement of the workpiece can occur. The speed of the workpiece can be maintained. The workpiece can be prevented from lifting off the device.

[0233] Figure 19 A slight or reduced pressing force on the belt, or a raised belt drive, is schematically shown.

[0234] As an alternative or in addition to the drive 52, it is also conceivable that a machining tool 6, in particular in the form of a rotating grinding wheel, is used to accelerate the workpiece, in particular the rotor shaft. However, the actual imbalance measurement is again performed without the machining tool 6 as a drive, i.e., the measurement is performed without contact with the grinding wheel.

[0235] References below Figures 26 to 28 .

[0236] The following will be combined Figures 26 to 28 The method according to the present invention will be described in more detail. It will be appreciated that only selected method steps are shown here to aid in understanding the method according to the present invention. The method may include other steps or intermediate steps known to those skilled in the art.

[0237] The focus is primarily on the process of eliminating angular errors during clamping. Ideally, the axis of rotation of the workpiece to be balanced is 100% parallel to the theoretical axis of rotation, as would be the case with an ideal workpiece receptacle 13, 23. In practice, however, angular deviations, particularly with respect to the axis of rotation of the received workpiece, are often caused by deviations that are not directly due to the workpiece's imbalance but rather due to positional errors. A method is described below that allows these angular deviations to be eliminated or at least reduced during imbalance measurement.

[0238] In a first method step, a setting workpiece E is produced for a first balancing measurement. The setting workpiece E is essentially a workpiece that is subsequently balanced or machined in series production, and is therefore in particular a rotor shaft.

[0239] The first region B1 is produced on the surface of the conditioning workpiece E. This first region can be produced by removing material or applying material. In the case of removing material, for example, a flat area is formed. In the case of applying material, for example, there is a material accumulation.

[0240] In the next method step, a first imbalance measurement is carried out using the setting workpiece E designed in this way. In the measurement, the “artificial” imbalance caused by the area B1 can be detected.

[0241] In the next method step, an additional region B2 is applied to the conditioned workpiece E. If the first region is positioned at 0° relative to the workpiece circumference, the second region would be positioned at 90°, for example. However, it is desirable to position these regions at as precise an angle as possible relative to one another. The material removal or application in both regions should also be as identical as possible. However, the additional region B2 is positioned at the same axial position on the workpiece as the first region.

[0242] In the next method step, another imbalance measurement is performed, this time using a setting workpiece with a first region B1 and a second region B2 offset by 90°. Using the previously known regions B1 and B2 with a defined angular spacing and mass or mass reduction, the imbalance generated by the setting workpiece during its rotation is detectable during the imbalance measurement, particularly with respect to a predetermined angular offset (here, 90°). The angular offset measured by the additional imbalance measurement is typically different from 90°. This difference allows the angular deviation caused by the imbalance measurement device to be inferred and can be taken into account when performing the imbalance measurement on the workpiece to be balanced (i.e., a mass-produced workpiece). Specifically, this correction can be incorporated into the control of the machining device (particularly the imbalance measurement device) or taken into account when calculating the mass to be removed. This calibrates the machining device, particularly the imbalance measurement device.

[0243] If necessary, the method can be modified or extended, in particular by performing these steps on the other side of the workpiece (in this case, the side axially opposite the one described). Regions B1′ and B2′ are indicated here as an example. However, these additional regions B′ are also located at the same axial position. These regions can also be applied simultaneously to both sides of the workpiece, in particular at the same or different angular positions.

[0244] It is also conceivable that the above steps can be performed multiple times individually or as a whole, for example when there are more areas, in particular the third area B3, B4, etc., up to, for example, the 24th area (if the division angle is, for example, 15°, of course other division methods are also conceivable).

[0245] A different design embodiment of the method is described below. Areas B are formed which are preferably distributed circumferentially around the adjustment workpiece E. In the case of a 90° angular offset, this means at least 4 areas B1 to B4. To ensure that the influence on the adjustment workpiece E is small, on the other side of the adjustment workpiece E, preferably at the same angular position, areas B1' to B4' are produced on the surface of the adjustment workpiece E by removing material. When removing material, for example, a flat part is created. The resulting flat part should have no influence on the imbalance of the adjustment workpiece E or have as little influence as possible. Therefore, the flat part should be formed uniformly. However, the flat part is advantageous because in a subsequent step, a defined balancing mass or reference mass M is fixed or applied at different angular positions and thus at a selected flat part. In order to ensure that the flat parts have little influence on the imbalance, for example, they should have the same depth, in particular 0.3 mm.

[0246] After forming at least regions B1 to B4 (preferably also B1′ to B4′), in the next process step, a defined mass is applied to a flat area or region B. If it is assumed that the first region is at 0° relative to the workpiece circumference, then, for example, the first mass M1 is applied at 0°.

[0247] In the next process step, an unbalance measurement is now performed using the adjustment workpiece E. Subsequently, another mass M2 can be positioned in the second region B2, for example at 90°. This also serves to perform another unbalance measurement, this time using the adjustment workpiece E.

[0248] Using previously known regions B1 and B2 with defined angular spacing and mass or mass reduction, the imbalance generated during the rotation of the adjustment workpiece can be identified during the imbalance measurement, particularly with respect to a predetermined angular offset (here, 90°). The angular offset measured by another imbalance measurement is typically different from 90°. This difference allows the angular deviation caused by the imbalance measurement device to be inferred and taken into account when performing the imbalance measurement on the workpiece W to be balanced (i.e., a mass-produced workpiece). Specifically, this correction can be incorporated into the control of the machining device (particularly the imbalance measurement device) or taken into account when calculating the mass to be removed. This allows the machining device, particularly the imbalance measurement device, to be calibrated.

[0249] This measurement of the balancing device is also called calibration. Using a calibrated device, you can create a high-precision reference surface and perform more accurate balancing, or more precisely remove material during balancing. Calibration is beneficial, for example, when rebuilding the device or changing tools or clamping devices.

[0250] In another embodiment of the balancing method described above, after balancing, the machined workpiece W (i.e., the rotor shaft) is inspected or verified. During this inspection, the material removal performed during balancing is checked. This means that the actual material removal can be checked optically and / or tactilely. For example, the shape (edge ​​accuracy) and / or radial and / or axial position of the material removal performed can be verified and evaluated. The material to be removed (weight and position) is stored in a data processing system. By comparing target and actual values, the actual material removed (and hence the weight) can be inferred. This makes it possible, for example, to inspect the device, tools, etc. and detect wear and incorrect settings. It is also preferred to measure a qualified shaft (i.e., a shaft whose balancing result is within the expected parameters). Knowledge of the positional or shape errors of the mass removal, or of the mass or mass difference calculated and incorrectly removed, can improve the balancing quality of future balanced workpieces W. This comparison and information is preferably processed in a data processing system and / or by a computer program and used to control the device. The workpiece measurements described above can be performed according to a test plan, for example, always or based on the number of balanced workpieces.

[0251] Figure 28 A balanced workpiece is shown, wherein for balancing material has been removed by a grinding wheel 6 , resulting in a flattened area AF and a region AC running concentrically to the support point.

[0252] The spring device 12 shown in the figure, in particular its adjustment portion, can be protected by a guard S to avoid the influence of grinding chips and the like.

Claims

1. An unbalance measuring device (U), comprising: - two workpiece receiving devices (1, 2) spaced apart from one another for rotatably receiving a workpiece (W) whose unbalance is to be measured, and - at least one sensor (3) for detecting vibrations of the workpiece (W) during rotation, wherein - the workpiece receiving devices (1, 2) each have a connector device (respectively 11, 21) for positionally fixed fastening and a workpiece receiving portion (respectively 13, 23) for rotatably receiving a workpiece part, - a spring device (respectively 12, 22) is arranged between the connector device (respectively 11, 21) and the workpiece receiving portion (respectively 13, 23), The invention is characterized in that the spring device comprises a rod section (121a) and a first receiving portion (121b) and a second receiving portion (121c), wherein the rod section (121a) is clamped in the end sides of the first receiving portion (121b) and the second receiving portion (121c).

2. The unbalance measuring device (U) according to claim 1, characterized in that The first receiving portion (121b) is connected to the connector device (11), and the second receiving portion (121c) is connected to the workpiece receiving portion (13), in particular by screw fastening.

3. The unbalance measuring device (U) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The rod segment (121a) is designed as a rod-shaped profile.

4. The unbalance measuring device according to at least one of the preceding claims or according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that The unbalance measuring device is equipped with an angular position sensor device (3a) comprising an angular position sensor (33a) for determining a position angle of a workpiece (W) on a workpiece receiving portion (13), wherein the angular position sensor (33a) is connected to the workpiece receiving portion (13).

5. The unbalance measuring device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The angular position sensor device (3a) includes a bracket (31a), a connector (32a) for an angular position sensor (33a), and the angular position sensor (33a) received by the connector (32a).

6. The unbalance measuring device according to at least one of claims 4 to 5, characterized in that The support (31a) has a shape of a circular arc segment.

7. The unbalance measuring device according to at least one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that The bracket (31a) includes a connector (311a) for pivotally fastening to a workpiece receiving portion (13) and a slot (312a) for fastening a connector (32a) for an angular position sensor (33a), the connector (32a) for the angular position sensor (33a) being fastened to the bracket (31a) by a screw inserted through the slot (312a).

8. A processing device for a workpiece (W), comprising: a processing receiving portion (5) for receiving a workpiece (W), the processing receiving portion comprising a first holding device (51), a second holding device (53) and a drive device (52), the drive device (52) being configured to place the workpiece (W) in rotation, the holding devices (51, 53) being configured to mount the workpiece (W), - at least one machining tool (6) for machining the workpiece (W), and - an unbalance measuring device (U) according to at least one of the preceding claims or according to the preamble of claim 1, Characterized in that the driving device comprises a driving roller (52a).

9. The processing device according to claim 8, characterized in that The drive roller (52a) is provided with a friction coating.

10. The processing device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The drive device comprises a pivot device (521a, 522a) configured to selectively press the drive roller (52a) onto a workpiece (W) or to lift the drive roller from the workpiece (W).

11. A processing device for a workpiece (W), comprising: - a processing receiving portion (5) for receiving the workpiece (W), the processing receiving portion comprising a first holding device (51), a second holding device (53) and a driving device (52), the driving device (52) being configured to place the workpiece (W) in rotation, the holding devices (51, 53) being configured to mount the workpiece (W), - at least one machining tool (6) for machining the workpiece (W), and - an unbalance measuring device (U) according to at least one of the preceding claims, Characterized in that the driving device comprises a belt transmission device (52b).

12. The processing device according to claim 11, characterized in that The belt transmission device (52b) includes a driving roller (521b), two tensioning rollers and a belt.

13. Method for calibrating an unbalance measuring device, in particular an unbalance measuring device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: - applying the first region (B1) to the conditioning workpiece (E); - performing a first unbalance measurement on the unbalance measuring device (U) to be calibrated using the adjustment workpiece (E); - applying a second region (B2) to the conditioning workpiece (E), the second region (B2) being arranged at a specific angle offset, in particular at an angle of 90°, relative to the first region (B1); - performing a second unbalance measurement on the unbalance measuring device (U) to be calibrated using the adjustment workpiece (E) and determining the measured angular offset between the first area (B1) and the second area (B2); - calibrating the unbalance measuring device (U) taking into account the deviation between the angular spacing measured by the second unbalance measurement and the predetermined angular spacing.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The regions ( B1 , B2 ) are designed as depressions, in particular flat areas, or as material accumulations.

15. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Two or more areas (B1, B2, B3, B4, ...) are arranged on the adjustment workpiece (E) and are arranged at a predetermined angle offset from each other.

16. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The regions are arranged on a first axial end of the adjustment workpiece (E), or the further regions are arranged on another axial end of the adjustment workpiece (E), wherein the regions (respectively B1, B2; B1′, B2′) are arranged at a common axial position on one axial end.

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