Belt-shaped ditch-pressing depth-control seeding method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of seeding, in particular to a strip-shaped ditch-pressing depth-control seeding method. Comprising the following steps; the method comprises the following steps: (1) forming a flat pressed land and downwards sunken pressed strip-shaped seeding grooves which are arranged on the pressed land at intervals in a pressed manner on the land subjected to rotary tillage; the method comprises the following steps of 1, sowing seeds in strip-shaped sowing grooves, 2, sowing the seeds into the strip-shaped sowing grooves, 3, covering the sown seeds with soil, 4, compacting and flattening the soil covered with the soil again, and 5, performing surface local loosening on the compacted and flattened land. The sowing method can effectively reduce macropores in the soil, greatly improves the soil moisture preservation capacity, and achieves the effect of a field seedling bed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sowing, in particular to a belt-shaped furrow pressure depth-controlled sowing method. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing use of agricultural mechanization, traditional seeding methods are no longer able to meet the demands of modern agricultural production. Mechanized seeding can improve seeding efficiency, reduce labor costs, and ensure uniformity and consistency in seeding. However, traditional seed drills, which primarily rely on furrowing, present numerous technical challenges, resulting in low seedling emergence rates.

[0003] Currently, trenching methods, such as trenching, create uneven furrows and poor soil moisture retention. This leads to inconsistent seeding depths, impacting final seedling emergence and subsequent field management. Therefore, a solution is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a belt-shaped furrow pressure-controlled depth sowing method, which can effectively reduce large pores in the soil, greatly improve the soil's moisture retention capacity, and achieve the effect of a field seedling bed. To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows: a belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method, characterized in that it includes the following steps: 1) Forming a flat pressed land and depressed pressed strip-shaped sowing troughs arranged at intervals on the pressed land by pressing the land after rotary tillage; 2) Sow the seeds into the strip sowing trough; 3) Cover the seeds with soil after sowing; 4) Compact and level the land after covering; 5) Locally loosen the surface of the compacted and leveled land.

[0005] Preferably, in step 1), the rotary tilled land refers to the land formed after tilling, fertilizing and leveling the land to be cultivated.

[0006] Preferably, the soil covering in step 3) means that after sowing is completed, the top soil on both sides of the strip-shaped sowing groove is crushed and the crushed soil is pushed into the strip-shaped sowing groove.

[0007] Preferably, the cross-section of the strip-shaped sowing groove is an inverted trapezoid.

[0008] Preferably, the depth of the inverted trapezoidal strip-shaped sowing groove is about 10-100 mm.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a pre-ditching step, which refers to pre-ditching the tilled land after turning over, fertilizing and leveling to form a pre-planting ditch, which is used for step 1) to suppress and form a strip-shaped sowing trough.

[0010] Preferably, the depth of the pre-planting groove is shallower than the depth of the strip sowing groove, and the width of the planting groove is narrower than the width of the pressing belt; so as to facilitate the pressing of the side and bottom surfaces of the strip sowing groove when the strip sowing groove is formed.

[0011] Preferably, in step 1), turning the soil after rotary tillage means first deep tillage and then shallow tillage, wherein the depth of the deep tillage is 50-100 cm; the depth of the shallow tillage is 30-50 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the step 5) of loosening the surface of the compacted land refers to forming an array of wounds on the surface of the compacted land, wherein the wounds are in the form of shallow pits, shallow grooves, shallow furrows or scratches on the loosened soil surface to destroy the compacted soil surface.

[0013] Preferably, the step 1) uses a first pressing roller to press, and the step 4) uses a second pressing roller to press again, the first pressing roller and the second pressing roller are arranged in front and behind along the sowing direction, and the bottom end of the first pressing roller is lower than the bottom end of the second pressing roller.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in: (1) The sowing method of the present invention is to compact the land after rotary tillage as a whole, and at the same time, compact the land to form a strip-shaped sowing trough for sowing. After the seeds are sown and covered with soil, the surface of the land is compacted again. This sowing method changes the upper structure of the soil, greatly improving the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, reducing water and fertilizer loss, and facilitating seed germination and growth. At the same time, this sowing method ensures consistent soil levelness and high seed landing uniformity and depth, which can ensure neat and uniform seedling emergence and facilitate later field management.

[0015] (2) The sowing method of the present invention performs two pressing operations, and different pressing effects on the soil are achieved by changing the height difference of the pressing rollers used in the two pressing operations. The first pressing operation exerts a large pressure on the soil, on the one hand to form an overall flat pressed soil surface, and on the other hand to form a pressed strip-shaped sowing groove, so that the upper structure of the soil becomes significantly relatively "dense", thereby improving the soil's moisture retention capacity. The second pressing operation exerts a smaller pressure, mainly to compact the soil surface after the soil is covered again, so that the soil surface is flat, thereby maintaining the moisture retention capacity of the entire upper layer and surface of the soil.

[0016] (3) The sowing method of the present invention performs a surface loosening after the second compaction and leveling, mainly to form an array-type wound structure on the surface of the soil after compaction. The wound structure can be in the form of loose shallow pits, shallow grooves, shallow furrows or scratches to destroy the compacted surface of the soil. In this way, irrigation water or rainwater can better penetrate into the soil layer after sowing, and the array-type wound structure can better reduce the surface evaporation of water and maintain the water retention capacity.

[0017] (4) The sowing method of the present invention achieves mechanized sowing of crops by sequentially arranging a suppression mechanism, a soil covering mechanism, and a surface loosening mechanism on a seeder. The sowing process is highly automated, and the entire sowing process is completed in one go, resulting in high sowing efficiency. This sowing method is particularly suitable for sandy soils, significantly improving moisture conservation, achieving a high germination rate, strong seedling roots, and significantly reducing the rate of broken ridges. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a bar chart comparing the ridge breaking rates of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a morphological diagram of wheat seedlings sown 15 days after Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a morphological diagram of wheat seedlings sown 15 days after Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a diagram of the root development of wheat seedlings on the 6th day of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a diagram of the root system development of wheat seedlings on the 6th day of Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the strip-shaped sowing trough of the present invention before and after sowing; Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the rotary tillage mechanism and the sowing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic structural diagram of the crushing roller of the seeding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the first pressing roller of the sowing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a wheat seedling growth diagram according to Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a wheat seedling growth diagram of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a top view of the actual object of the strip-shaped sowing groove in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a real picture of the strip sowing trough after sowing in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0019] Reference numerals and descriptions, A. Seeds; B1. First loose soil layer; B2. Second loose soil layer; B3. Third soil layer; 10. Rotary tillage mechanism; 11. Front rotary tillage blade shaft; 12. Rear rotary tillage blade shaft; 13. Fertilizer box; 14. Scraper; 15. Scraper teeth; 20. Sowing mechanism; 21. First pressing roller; 211. Furrow pressing wheel; 22. Second pressing roller; 23. Breaker plate drive roller; 24. Breaker plate gear; 25. Seed box; 26. Crushing roller; 261. Crushing wheel; 27. Covering plate; 28. Covering teeth; 31. Strip sowing trough; 32. Trapezoidal ridge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 The present invention provides a belt-shaped furrow pressure depth-controlled sowing method, which comprises the following steps: 1) The land to be sown is compacted to form a flat compacted land and downwardly concave strip-shaped sowing grooves 31 arranged at intervals on the compacted land by compacting the land after rotary tillage, so that the land to be sown forms a compacted seedbed; 2) sowing seeds A into the strip-shaped sowing trough 31; 3) Covering the sown seeds A with soil; 4) Compact and level the land after covering; 5) Locally loosen the surface of the compacted land.

[0022] Before sowing, make the following preparations: Ensure that the land, equipment, fertilizers and seeds to be sown are fully prepared; assemble the rotary tillage mechanism 10 and the sowing mechanism 20 on the sowing equipment.

[0023] The rotary tillage mechanism 10 in this embodiment can be implemented by an existing rotary tiller or by the rotary tillage mechanism 10 of this embodiment. The structures of the rotary tillage mechanism 10 and the sowing mechanism 20 of this embodiment can be implemented as follows: Figure 7 The structure shown.

[0024] The rotary tillage mechanism 10 includes a front rotary tillage blade shaft 11 , a rear rotary tillage blade shaft 12 , a fertilizer box 13 , and a scraper 14 .

[0025] The sowing mechanism 20 includes a first pressing roller 21 , a second pressing roller 22 , a breaking plate driving roller 23 and a seed box 25 .

[0026] During specific use, the sowing amount of the seed box 25 and the fertilizer amount of the fertilizer box 13 are adjusted according to the planting needs.

[0027] Seed treatment: Select high-quality wheat / soybean seeds waiting to be sown, screen them, remove impurities, damaged seeds and shriveled grains; then disinfect the seeds and mix them with appropriate pesticides to prevent the invasion of pests and diseases, and improve the germination rate of seeds and the disease resistance of seedlings.

[0028] In step 1) of this embodiment, the rotary tilled land refers to the land to be sown after turning over the soil, applying fertilizer and leveling the land to be cultivated.

[0029] When tilling the soil, the front tillage blade 11 of the rotary tillage mechanism 10 is used to deep till the soil to be sown by 50-100 cm, and then the rear tillage blade 12 of the rotary tillage mechanism 10 is used to shallowly till the soil to be sown by 30-50 cm. The soil to be planted after shallow tillage is then leveled by the scraper 14. When fertilizing, fertilizer is sprinkled into the soil after deep tillage, and the fertilizer is buried in the soil during shallow tillage.

[0030] This not only makes the soil of the land to be sown loose and fine, reaching a state suitable for sowing, but also allows for the reasonable application of base fertilizer according to the soil fertility to ensure the nutrients required for the growth of wheat seedlings.

[0031] As a preferred solution, in order to better achieve the compression and formation of the strip-shaped sowing groove 31 , the scraper teeth 15 of the scraper 14 can be used to dig a pre-planting groove on the leveled surface of the land to be sown.

[0032] In order to better suppress the pressure belt, the depth of the pre-planting groove is shallower than the depth of the strip sowing groove 31, and the width of the pre-planting groove is narrower than the width of the strip sowing groove 31; so as to suppress the side and bottom of the strip sowing groove 31 when the strip sowing groove 31 is formed. Figure 12 shown.

[0033] The soil covering in step 3) of this embodiment means that after sowing, the top soil on both sides of the strip-shaped sowing groove 31 is crushed by the crushing wheel 261 of the crushing roller 26, and the crushed soil is pushed into the pressing belt by the covering teeth 28 of the covering plate 27.

[0034] In addition, the crushing roller 26 in this embodiment can be added to the sowing equipment, and the specific structure is as follows: Figure 8 As shown; In this embodiment, the strip-shaped sowing groove 31 can be formed by adding a first pressing roller 21 to the sowing equipment. The first pressing roller 21 is provided with a groove pressing wheel 211 for pressing the soil to form the strip-shaped sowing groove 31. The specific structure is as follows: Figure 9 shown.

[0035] The strip sowing groove 31 in this embodiment is preferably in an inverted trapezoidal shape. In specific implementation, the width ratio of the bottom surface to the top surface of the inverted trapezoidal pressing belt is about 7:13, the depth is about 10-100 mm, and the spacing between the strip sowing grooves 31 is 5-30 cm.

[0036] The physical picture of the strip sowing groove 31 after sowing is finally completed in Example 1 is as follows: Figure 13 As shown; Figure 6 As shown, in the strip-shaped sowing trough 31 finally formed in Example 1, two soils of varying densities form above the seeds A: Vertically along the strip-shaped sowing trough 31, there is a second loose soil layer B2 above the seeds A, and a first loose soil layer B1 above the second loose soil layer B2. The second loose soil layer B2 has a greater porosity than the first loose soil layer B1. The trapezoidal ridges 32 on either side of the seeds A form a third soil layer B3, and the first loose soil layer B1 has a greater porosity than the third soil layer B3.

[0037] Through such a setting, seed A can grow freely in the second loose soil layer B2, and loose soil is formed around it, which will not affect the growth of seed A. At the same time, the third soil layer B3 and the first loose soil layer B1 can effectively reduce the evaporation rate of water in the strip sowing trough 31. The soil on both sides and at the bottom of the strip sowing trough 31 is dense, that is, the third soil layer B3 is dense, and the entropy retention effect is good, thereby effectively improving the germination rate of seed A in the strip sowing trough 31.

[0038] In step 5 of this embodiment, loosening the surface of the compacted land refers to forming an array of wounds on the surface of the compacted land. The wounds are in the form of shallow pits, shallow grooves, shallow furrows or scratches on the surface to destroy the compacted soil surface.

[0039] The surface loosening of step 5) of this embodiment can be achieved by adding a plate-breaking transmission roller 23 to the seeding equipment. The plate-breaking transmission roller 23 is provided with a plate-breaking gear 24 that destroys the surface of the soil. The specific structure is as follows Figure 9 As shown, In this embodiment, step 1) pressing uses the first pressing roller 21, and step 4) pressing again uses the second pressing roller 22, wherein the first pressing roller 21 and the second pressing roller 22 are arranged in front and behind along the sowing direction, and the bottom end of the first pressing roller 21 is lower than the bottom end of the second pressing roller 22.

[0040] The sowing equipment used in the sowing method of this embodiment can be realized by setting corresponding structural parts on the existing tillage sowing machine, and can also be realized by the structural parts shown in this embodiment. When using the structural parts shown in this embodiment, each structural part is set as one body or two separate parts through the frame. When set as separate parts, one of them is the rotary tillage mechanism 10 and the other is the sowing mechanism 20. The rotary tillage mechanism 10 is set in the front and the sowing mechanism 20 is set in the back. The power of each mechanism is realized by the existing tillage sowing machine, that is, it is realized by existing technical means and will not be described again in this embodiment.

[0041] The advantages of the sowing method according to the embodiment of the present invention are further analyzed by comparing specific comparative examples.

[0042] Comparative Example 1 Traditional drill seeding method, specific steps: Land preparation: Level the land to be planted and prepare traditional sowing equipment and seeds.

[0043] The treated wheat seeds are loaded into the seed box of a traditional seed drill, and the furrow opener and seed meter of the seed drill are adjusted according to the set sowing depth and row spacing.

[0044] Start the seed drill and carry out sowing operations on the planned plot at a uniform speed. When the seed drill is moving, the furrow opener opens a sowing furrow. There is no pressing action in the planting furrow. The seed meter sows the seeds evenly into the furrow. Then the covering device covers the seeds with soil. After covering the seeds, it only compacts the top of the furrow. The soil at the bottom and both sides of the entire planting furrow is loose, with large pores and poor moisture retention capacity.

[0045] The sowing plots in this comparative example are the same, the fertilizer application amount and the sowing amount are the same, the sowing seeds are all from the same batch, and the field management after sowing is the same.

[0046] Compared with Example 1 of the present invention, Figure 8 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention is a compaction belt, which has high compactness of the ditch wall, reduces soil pores, and significantly improves the moisture retention capacity. Figure 6 、 7 By comparison, Figure 6 It can be seen that the soil layer of the wheat seedlings randomly selected from comparative example 1 is relatively loose, and the wheat seedlings have fewer roots. Figure 7 It can be seen that the soil layers where the wheat seedlings randomly selected from Example 1 grew were all relatively dense, and the wheat seedlings had more root systems.

[0047] Figure 2-5 The growth status of wheat seedlings 6-15 days after sowing in the embodiment of the present invention and the comparative example is shown in FIG. Figure 2 、 4 It can be seen that the root system of the wheat seedlings in comparative example 1 is weaker, and there are wheat seedlings of different sizes and yellow leaves; Figure 3 、5 It can be seen that the wheat seedlings in Example 1 of the present invention have more developed root systems, are similar in size, and have no yellowing of leaves.

[0048] It can be seen from this that in Example 1, the conventional drill seeding machine sowing: the seed depth is inconsistent and the emergence of seedlings is uneven (e.g. Figure 2 The wheat seedlings shown have a messy shape), which increases the difficulty of later management.

[0049] Example 1 of the present invention adopts the trapezoidal planting furrow with uniform pressure to sow seeds, ensuring the uniform seed depth and uniform seedling emergence (such as Figure 3 The wheat seedlings shown have uniform morphology), which facilitates mechanized field management.

[0050] On the 6th day after sowing, the root development of wheat seedlings sown by traditional seed drill and furrow press was observed. The root length, root number and root distribution of wheat seedlings were observed. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the wheat seedlings sown in Example 1 of the present invention have better root development than the wheat seedlings sown by the traditional seed drill in Example 1 of the comparative example. The root length of the wheat seedlings in Example 1 of the present invention is almost the same, the development is uniform, the number of roots is large, and the growth is good; Figure 4 The wheat seedlings sown by the traditional seed drill in the ratio 1 are of different lengths, unevenly distributed, sparse in number, and have unsatisfactory growth.

[0051] Furthermore, soil observation revealed that the soil in Example 1 of the present invention was essentially extruded and formed in situ, with minimal disturbance. This, to a certain extent, protected the microbial habitat and reduced its impact on microorganisms. This better preserved the original physical properties of the soil, such as aeration and water permeability, and provided better soil moisture. Consequently, under this sowing method, the wheat seedlings developed better root systems, had more stable roots, and were more evenly distributed.

[0052] In contrast, in Example 1, the traditional seed drill directly digs the soil to form a ditch when digging, and the excavated soil needs to be piled on the edge of the ditch, which causes the soil to be turned over in large quantities. Its physical properties will change significantly due to exposure and accumulation, thereby destroying the original layers and pore structure of the soil, causing the soil moisture to be destroyed and affecting the growth of wheat seedlings.

[0053] like Figure 1 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, seven samples (S1-S7) were selected under the same growth conditions as Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The growth of wheat seedlings in these seven samples was observed for more than one month, and the ridge-breaking rate of the wheat seedlings in the samples was compared. It was found that in each sample, the ridge-breaking rate of wheat seedlings planted using Comparative Example 1 (a traditional seed drill) was greater than the ridge-breaking rate of wheat seedlings planted using Example 1 (a precision-controlled seedbed compound seed drill). This indicates that the emergence rate of wheat seedlings using the sowing method of Comparative Example 1 was lower than that of wheat seedlings using the sowing method of Comparative Example 1.

[0054] In summary, the method provided in the present application compresses the soil to be planted into a trapezoidal strip-shaped sowing trough 31 that is narrow at the bottom and wide at the top. The strip-shaped sowing trough 31 has a very significant effect on suppressing the soil, effectively reducing the large pores in the soil, greatly improving the soil's ability to retain moisture, and effectively improving the soil's fertility and water retention capacity, providing a good foundation for the growth of crops. When the strip-shaped sowing trough 31 is formed, the soil pressed has a high and consistent horizontality, and the seeds land evenly and at a high depth, which can make the seedlings more neat and uniform than traditional seed drills, and make the seedlings grow uniformly, which is convenient for later field management.

[0055] At the same time, by crushing the soil on the top of the trapezoidal ridges 32 on both sides of the strip sowing trough 31, not only the soil crushing and covering effect is good, but also the looseness and air permeability of the soil can be ensured, creating an ideal environment for seed germination and growth. In addition, while pressing the ditch and sowing, the equipment is used to quickly crush the soil and cover the soil, achieving "one-time completion", which greatly saves time and cost compared to the traditional planting method that requires additional soil covering.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) forming a flat pressed land and a downwardly concave strip-shaped sowing groove (31) arranged at intervals on the pressed land by pressing the land after rotary tillage; 2) sowing seeds (A) into the strip sowing trough (31); 3) Cover the seeds (A) with soil after sowing; 4) Compact and level the land after covering; 5) Locally loosen the surface of the compacted and leveled land.

2. A belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step 1), the land after rotary tillage refers to the land formed after the land to be cultivated is turned over, fertilized and leveled.

3. A belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method according to claim 2, characterized in that The soil covering in step 3) means that after sowing is completed, the top soil on both sides of the strip sowing groove (31) is crushed and the crushed soil is pushed into the strip sowing groove (31).

4. A belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that The cross section of the strip-shaped sowing groove (31) is an inverted trapezoid.

5. A belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method according to claim 4, characterized in that The depth of the inverted trapezoidal strip-shaped sowing groove (31) is about 10-100 mm.

6. A belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method according to claim 4, characterized in that , also includes a pre-ditching step, wherein the pre-ditching step refers to pre-ditching the rotary tilled land after turning over the soil, fertilizing, and leveling to form a pre-planting ditch, and the planting ditch is used in step 1) to suppress and form a strip-shaped sowing groove (31).

7. A belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method according to claim 6, characterized in that The depth of the pre-planting groove is shallower than the depth of the strip-shaped sowing groove (31), and the width of the planting groove is narrower than the width of the pressing belt; so as to facilitate the pressing of the side and bottom surfaces of the strip-shaped sowing groove (31) when the strip-shaped sowing groove (31) is formed.

8. The belt-shaped furrow pressure depth control sowing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 1), turning the soil after rotary tillage means first deep tillage and then shallow tillage, wherein the depth of deep tillage is 50-100 cm; the depth of shallow tillage is 30-50 cm.

9. A belt-shaped furrow pressure depth-controlled sowing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step 5) loosening the surface of the compacted land refers to forming an array of wounds on the surface of the compacted land. The wounds are in the form of shallow pits, shallow grooves, shallow furrows or scratches on the loosened soil surface to destroy the compacted soil surface.

10. The belt-shaped furrow pressure depth-controlled sowing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step 1) uses a first pressing roller (21) for pressing, and the step 4) uses a second pressing roller (22) for pressing again. The first pressing roller (21) and the second pressing roller (22) are arranged front and back along the sowing direction, and the bottom end of the first pressing roller (21) is lower than the bottom end of the second pressing roller (22).

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