Green planting method for increasing content of hesperidin in citrus

Abstract

The invention discloses a green planting method for increasing the content of hesperidin in citrus, and belongs to the technical field of green agriculture, according to the green planting method, enzyme spraying is conducted on citrus fruit trees in the citrus planting process with the proper spraying concentration, spraying time and spraying frequency, and the citrus quality is obviously improved: (1) the content of hesperidin in citrus is increased, the content of hesperidin in the fruits is increased from 879 mg / kg to 1156 mg / kg, and is increased by about 31.5%; (2) the contents of soluble sugar and soluble solids in the oranges are increased, so that the flavor substances of the oranges are richer, the fruits are palatable in sourness and sweetness, and the flavor is stronger; besides, the enzyme used in the invention is mainly prepared from agricultural wastes such as fruit and vegetable inferior-quality products as raw materials, and the cost of the enzyme is far lower than that of pesticides and chemical fertilizers used in common production, so that not only is the production cost reduced, but also the effective utilization of the agricultural wastes is realized, and the environmental pollution is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of green agriculture, and in particular to a green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus. Background Art

[0002] Hesperidin is a natural flavonoid glycoside with significant biological activity. It is primarily found in the peels of citrus plants of the Rutaceae family, with orange and lemon peels being the most abundant. Research has shown that hesperidin exhibits important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardiovascular protection, and metabolic regulation. Due to its exceptional biological activity, favorable safety profile, and natural origin, hesperidin has been widely used in functional foods, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical preparations, and high-end skincare products, making it a highly promising natural active ingredient in modern preventive medicine and the health industry. With further research, the application prospects of hesperidin in chronic disease prevention and health maintenance will continue to expand.

[0003] Increasing the hesperidin content in citrus fruits is key to resolving the current contradiction between insufficient hesperidin production and growing market demand. Hesperidin content in citrus fruits is influenced by a variety of factors, including variety, growing environment, climatic conditions, and agronomic practices. In practice, cultivation techniques are the most direct means of increasing hesperidin content in fruit. Currently, there are few reports on increasing hesperidin content in citrus fruits through cultivation practices. Xie Shuang proposed a cultivation method that involves adding an active nutrient composed of triacontanol and triethyl orthoformate to fertilizers to increase the hesperidin content in the traditional Chinese medicine Hua Tangerine Peel. Triacontanol is a plant growth regulator, and triethyl orthoformate is an organic chemical with acute toxicity and irritation. Neither substance is registered for use on citrus crops. Agricultural enzymes, fermented from agricultural waste such as fruit residues, rotten leaves, and straw, are a multi-faceted, complex ecosystem that integrates nutrients, active metabolites, and beneficial microorganisms. They have the potential to repel insects, fight diseases, and improve soil quality. Enzyme agriculture is an environmentally friendly agricultural production model and an important avenue for green agricultural development. Currently, there are no reports on using enzymes to improve the quality of citrus, especially the hesperidin content in citrus. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus to solve the above problems.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus, comprising spraying enzymes on the fruit trees during the citrus planting process.

[0007] The present invention uses agricultural enzymes to cultivate citrus, which not only improves the overall quality of citrus but also significantly increases the content of hesperidin in citrus. It is a green and efficient cultivation technology that improves the edible and medicinal value of citrus.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution, the enzyme includes basic agricultural enzymes and functional agricultural enzymes; wherein, the basic agricultural enzymes are made by fermenting agricultural waste as raw materials with sugar and water, and the functional agricultural enzymes are made by fermenting pine needles and cypress leaves as raw materials with sugar and water.

[0009] The agricultural waste can be selected from defective citrus fruits, fallen fruits, defective vegetables and the like.

[0010] The functional agricultural enzyme is mainly used to improve the immunity of fruit trees, reduce diseases and pests, and cooperate with basic agricultural enzymes to further increase the hesperidin content.

[0011] As a further preferred technical solution,

[0012] During the fermentation of the basic agricultural enzyme, the mass ratio of agricultural waste, sugar, and water is (2.5-3.5): (0.8-1.2): (8-12), the fermentation time is more than 3 months, and the fermentation temperature is room temperature;

[0013] When the functional agricultural enzyme is fermented, the mass ratio of pine needles and cypress leaves, sugar, and water is (2.5-3.5): (0.8-1.2): (8-12), the fermentation time is more than 3 months, and the fermentation temperature is room temperature.

[0014] As a further preferred technical solution, the sugar used is brown sugar. When the basic agricultural enzyme is fermented, the mass ratio of agricultural waste, brown sugar, and water is 3:1:10; when the functional agricultural enzyme is fermented, the mass ratio of pine needles and cypress leaves, brown sugar, and water is 3:1:10.

[0015] The brown sugar can be raw sugar made from sugarcane through the process of juice extraction, clarification, boiling and lime process.

[0016] As a further preferred technical solution, the basic agricultural enzyme is diluted with clean water when spraying, and the mass ratio of the basic agricultural enzyme to clean water is 1: (250-350);

[0017] The functional agricultural enzyme is diluted with clean water when spraying, and the mass ratio of the functional agricultural enzyme to clean water is 1: (100-150).

[0018] As a further preferred technical solution, the basic agricultural enzyme is sprayed on citrus trees and the soil under the trees from March to September each year, with the spraying frequency being 4 to 6 times.

[0019] As a further preferred technical solution, the functional agricultural enzyme is sprayed on citrus trees from March to September each year, with a spraying frequency of 4 to 6 times. The two enzymes can be used alone or simultaneously.

[0020] The present invention provides an application of an enzyme for improving the hesperidin content in citrus and the overall quality of citrus during the citrus planting process.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: the present invention sprays citrus trees with enzymes at appropriate spraying concentrations, spraying times, and spraying frequencies during the citrus planting process, significantly improving the quality of citrus: (1) increasing the hesperidin content in citrus: taking Harumi as an example, the hesperidin content in the fruit increased from 879 mg / kg to 1156 mg / kg, an increase of about 31.5%; (2) at the same time, increasing the soluble sugar and soluble solid content in citrus, making the citrus flavor substances richer, the fruit sweet and sour, and the flavor stronger. In addition, the enzyme used in the present invention is mainly made from agricultural waste such as fruit and vegetable residues and defective products. The cost of the enzyme is much lower than the cost of pesticides and fertilizers used in ordinary production, which not only reduces production costs but also achieves the effective utilization of agricultural waste and reduces environmental pollution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The results of the hesperidin content and main quality indexes in the citrus samples obtained by the planting method of Example 1 are as follows;

[0023] Figure 2 This is the chromatogram of hesperidin in the enzyme citrus sample in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 3 This is the chromatogram of hesperidin in the common citrus sample in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0026] Example 1:

[0027] A green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus, wherein the specific method is to spray basic agricultural enzymes and functional agricultural enzymes on the fruit trees during the citrus planting process, wherein:

[0028] Experimental subjects: A field trial was conducted at an enzyme citrus production base in Xiange Village, Chaoyanghu Town, Pujiang County, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, using Sichuan key citrus variety Chunjian as the experimental subject.

[0029] The preparation method of basic agricultural enzyme is as follows: 30 kg of defective citrus fruits, 10 kg of brown sugar, and 100 kg of tap water are added to a fermentation barrel in sequence, the barrel is sealed, and fermentation is carried out at room temperature for 4 months. During the first 30 days, the barrel is degassed once a day to prepare basic agricultural enzyme liquid.

[0030] The preparation method of the functional agricultural enzyme is as follows: 15 kg of pine needles, 15 kg of cypress leaves, 10 kg of brown sugar, and 100 kg of tap water are added to a fermentation barrel in sequence, the barrel is sealed, and fermentation is carried out at room temperature for 5 months. During the first 30 days, the barrel is degassed once a day to obtain a functional agricultural enzyme liquid.

[0031] Application of basic agricultural enzyme: Take 1kg of basic agricultural enzyme liquid, add 300kg of tap water to dilute, and spray the citrus trees from March to September, 5 times, from the beginning of March to before bagging, spray once every 40 days;

[0032] Application of functional agricultural enzymes: Take 1 kg of basic agricultural enzyme liquid, add 100 kg of tap water to dilute it, and spray it on citrus trees from March to September, for 5 times, from the beginning of March to before bagging, spraying approximately once every 40 days.

[0033] The citrus obtained by the above treatment is referred to as "enzyme citrus".

[0034] Comparative Example 1

[0035] Blank comparison test:

[0036] Compared with Example 1, no enzyme was sprayed, and the remaining treatments were the same as in Example 1. The obtained citrus was referred to as "ordinary citrus".

[0037] Citrus quality testing with different treatment methods:

[0038] A total of 20 samples were picked during the fruit ripening period (around mid-January), including 10 samples of enzyme citrus (JS-1~10) and 10 samples of ordinary citrus (PT-1~10). The hesperidin content and quality indicators such as soluble sugar and soluble solids in the citrus samples were tested. The hesperidin content was determined according to the standard method (NY / T 2014-2011 Determination of hesperidin and naringin content in citrus fruits and their products); the soluble sugar and soluble solids were determined according to the standard methods (NY / T 2742-2015 Determination of soluble sugar in fruits and their products - 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid colorimetric method) and (NY / T 2637-2014 Determination of soluble solids content in fruits and vegetables - refractometer method), respectively; the titratable acid was determined according to the standard method (GB 12456-2021 National Food Safety Standard - Determination of total acid in foods); and the vitamin C content was determined according to the standard method (GB 5009.86-2016 National Food Safety Standard - Determination of ascorbic acid in foods).

[0039] Table 1 Hesperidin content and main quality index test results in citrus samples

[0040]

[0041] The results of hesperidin content of each sample of "ordinary citrus" and "enzyme citrus" are shown in Figure 1 The HPLC test results of hesperidin in sample JS-10 are shown in the figure below. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the HPLC detection results of hesperidin in sample PT-10 are as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example used the same conditions as Example 1, except that the mass ratio of basic agricultural enzyme to water was 1:200 during the enzyme spraying phase. The average hesperidin content in citrus fruits was 1107 mg / kg. This demonstrates that excessively high concentrations of basic agricultural enzymes are detrimental to increasing hesperidin content.

[0044] Comparative Example 3

[0045] This comparative example, compared to Example 1, used the same conditions as Example 1 except that the mass ratio of basic agricultural enzyme to water was 1:400 during the enzyme spraying phase. The average hesperidin content in citrus fruits was 937 mg / kg. This demonstrates that spraying basic agricultural enzymes at too low a concentration is detrimental to hesperidin accumulation.

[0046] Comparative Example 4

[0047] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example sprayed the basic agricultural enzyme three times, approximately once every 70 days, with the same other applications as in Example 1. The average hesperidin content in the citrus fruits was 899 mg / kg. This demonstrates that too few sprays of the agricultural enzyme are not conducive to increasing the hesperidin content.

[0048] Comparative Example 5

[0049] Compared to Example 1, this comparative example sprayed the basic agricultural enzyme eight times, once every 25 days from March to September, with all other applications remaining the same as Example 1. The average hesperidin content in the citrus fruits was 1164 mg / kg. This demonstrates that further increasing the number of enzyme sprays has little effect on increasing hesperidin content.

[0050] Comparative Example 6

[0051] Compared with Example 1, this comparative example used 20 kg of defective citrus fruit, 10 kg of brown sugar, and 100 kg of tap water in the preparation of the basic agricultural enzyme, with all other ingredients being the same as in Example 1. The average hesperidin content in the citrus fruits was 1026 mg / kg. This demonstrates that the raw material ratio in the preparation of the basic agricultural enzyme has a significant impact on the hesperidin content.

[0052] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus, characterized in that: Enzymes are sprayed on fruit trees during citrus cultivation.

2. The green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzymes include basic agricultural enzymes and functional agricultural enzymes; wherein, the basic agricultural enzymes are made by fermenting agricultural waste as raw materials with sugar and water, and the functional agricultural enzymes are made by fermenting pine needles and cypress leaves as raw materials with sugar and water.

3. The green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus according to claim 2, characterized in that: During the fermentation of the basic agricultural enzyme, the mass ratio of agricultural waste, sugar, and water is (2.5-3.5): (0.8-1.2): (8-12), the fermentation time is more than 3 months, and the fermentation temperature is room temperature; When the functional agricultural enzyme is fermented, the mass ratio of pine needles and cypress leaves, sugar, and water is (2.5-3.5): (0.8-1.2): (8-12), the fermentation time is more than 3 months, and the fermentation temperature is room temperature.

4. The green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sugar used is brown sugar. When the basic agricultural enzyme is fermented, the mass ratio of agricultural waste, brown sugar and water is 3:1:10; when the functional agricultural enzyme is fermented, the mass ratio of pine needles and cypress leaves: brown sugar: water is 3:1:

10.

5. The green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The basic agricultural enzyme is diluted with clean water when spraying, and the mass ratio of the basic agricultural enzyme to clean water is 1: (250-350); The functional agricultural enzyme is diluted with clean water when spraying, and the mass ratio of the functional agricultural enzyme to clean water is 1: (100-150).

6. The green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The basic agricultural enzyme is sprayed on citrus trees and the soil under the trees from March to September every year, and the spraying frequency is 4 to 6 times.

7. The green planting method for increasing the hesperidin content in citrus according to claim 3, characterized in that: The functional agricultural enzyme is sprayed on citrus trees and the soil under the trees from March to September every year, and the spraying frequency is 4 to 6 times.

8. The application of enzymes to increase the hesperidin content in citrus during citrus cultivation.

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