Endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device and method based on negative feedback regulation mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses an endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device and method based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism, and the device comprises an endoscope insertion part, the front end of the endoscope insertion part is provided with a protection window, the rear end of the endoscope insertion part is provided with a light transmitting bundle interface, and the light transmitting bundle interface is connected with a light transmitting bundle of a cold light source. Comprising an illumination optical fiber and a heating optical fiber which receive light energy output by the light transmitting bundle of the cold light source; the heat conduction ring is located at the front end of the endoscope insertion part, makes contact with the tail end of the heating optical fiber and converts light energy transmitted by the heating optical fiber into heat energy; an endoscope temperature quantitative compensation mechanism comprises a temperature control telescopic block, a pressing rod and a light shading piece. The temperature control telescopic block is located at the front end of the endoscope insertion part and expands or contracts after being heated. The pressing rod is connected with the temperature control telescopic block and the shading piece. The anti-dazzling screen is located in a light path of the heating optical fiber. According to the invention, the difference value between the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion part and the ambient temperature can be stabilized at the designed temperature difference.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of endoscopes, and specifically relates to a temperature quantitative compensation device and method for an endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism. The temperature compensation device and method based on the negative feedback regulation mechanism can maintain a constant temperature difference between the front end temperature of the endoscope body and the ambient temperature, thereby avoiding fogging of the lens due to condensation of water vapor. Background Art

[0002] An endoscope primarily consists of a light source, a specialized light guide, an endoscope system, and a photoelectric conversion and image processing system. Its operating principle is as follows: The light source enters the body through a natural cavity or surgical opening. Light from the light source passes through the light guide and the illumination fiber on the endoscope, exiting at the front end of the illumination fiber to illuminate the surgical area. Light reflected from human tissue is received by the endoscope system, converted by the photoelectric conversion system, and then processed by the image processing system to produce an image of the surgical area. High-definition images can help surgeons identify features such as the shape of the lesion area, distinguishing it from normal, healthy tissue, and achieving precise treatment.

[0003] However, the outer tube and main structure of a rigid optical endoscope are generally made of stainless steel. After an ordinary optical endoscope enters the human abdominal cavity, the temperature of the front end of the lens is much lower than the abdominal cavity temperature. Since metal itself has good thermal conductivity, the temperature of the abdominal endoscope cannot be increased by heat conduction in the body cavity alone. Under normal conditions, there is a small amount of liquid in the human abdominal cavity that lubricates intestinal peristalsis. The high humidity in the body cavity causes a large amount of water vapor to condense into liquid on the lens protective window, causing the lens protective window to fog and the image received by the image sensor to become blurred. Usually, warm water is prepared when performing abdominal surgery. Before and during the operation, the front end of the abdominal endoscope needs to be immersed in warm water several times to keep the temperature of the front end of the lens higher than the abdominal cavity temperature to prevent the lens protective window from fogging and affecting the operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device and method based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism to solve the problem of fogging of the endoscope lens due to water vapor condensation.

[0005] In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism, the device comprising an endoscope insertion portion, a protective window provided at the front end of the endoscope insertion portion, a light guide interface provided at the rear end of the endoscope insertion portion, the light guide interface being connected to a light guide of a cold light source; the device further comprising: The light guide cone is located at the light guide interface and includes an illumination fiber and a heating fiber. The illumination fiber and the heating fiber receive light energy output by the light guide of the cold light source. a heat-conducting ring, located at the front end of the endoscope insertion portion and in contact with the end of the heating optical fiber, converting the light energy transmitted by the heating optical fiber into heat energy, thereby heating the front end of the endoscope insertion portion; An endoscope temperature quantitative compensation mechanism includes a temperature-controlled telescopic block, a pressure rod, and a light shielding plate, and is used to achieve endoscope temperature quantitative compensation based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism. The temperature-controlled telescopic block is located at the front end of the endoscope insertion portion and expands or contracts along the axial direction of the endoscope insertion portion when heated. The pressure rod connects the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the light shielding plate and is used to transmit the displacement generated by the temperature-controlled telescopic block to the light shielding plate to drive the light shielding plate to move. The light shielding plate is located in the optical path of the heating optical fiber and is used to adjust the area of ​​the heating optical fiber blocked by movement, thereby adjusting the area of ​​the heating optical fiber receiving light energy, and further adjusting the light energy entering the heating optical fiber. When the device is working, light energy is transmitted to the heat-conducting ring through the heating optical fiber, and the heat-conducting ring converts the light energy transmitted by the heating optical fiber into heat energy, thereby heating the front end of the endoscope insertion part; when the difference between the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion part and the ambient temperature is higher than the designed temperature difference, the temperature-controlled telescopic block expands or contracts along the axial direction of the endoscope insertion part after being heated, and drives the light-shielding plate to move through the pressure rod to increase the area blocked by the heating optical fiber, thereby reducing the area where the heating optical fiber receives light energy, and further reducing the light energy entering the heating optical fiber, thereby lowering the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion part; when the difference between the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion part and the ambient temperature is lower than the designed temperature difference, the temperature-controlled telescopic block moves in the opposite direction, and drives the light-shielding plate to move through the pressure rod to reduce the area blocked by the heating optical fiber, thereby increasing the area where the heating optical fiber receives light energy, and further increasing the light energy entering the heating optical fiber, thereby raising the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion part.

[0006] In some embodiments, the endoscope temperature quantitative compensation mechanism also includes a pressure-controlled telescopic block; the pressure-controlled telescopic block is a flexible low thermal expansion coefficient material, located between the pressure rod and the light-shielding plate, and is used to drive the light-shielding plate to move under the push of the pressure rod, so as to convert the axial displacement of the pressure rod into the movement of the light-shielding plate, thereby realizing the change of displacement direction.

[0007] In some embodiments, a method for quantitatively compensating endoscope temperature includes: Determine the amount of expansion or contraction of the temperature-controlled telescopic block along the axial direction of the endoscope insertion portion after heating :

[0008] Where α is the thermal expansion coefficient, ∆t is the difference between the heated temperature of the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the ambient temperature, and L0 is the original length of the temperature-controlled telescopic block. Then the shading plate moving distance L3 satisfies:

[0009] Where S1 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure-controlled telescopic block, and S2 is the contact area between the pressure-controlled telescopic block and the light shielding sheet; Assuming that the heating optical fiber is annular or circular, and the light shield is an annular light shield and is located outside the heating optical fiber, then:

[0010] Where, L2 is the distance from the intersection of the light shield and the outer diameter of the heating fiber to the center of the light shield; L3 is the distance the light shield moves when the pressure-controlled telescopic block is driven; θ is the central angle of the light shield; R3 is the outer diameter of the heating fiber; The area of ​​the heating fiber blocked by a single light shielding sheet is for:

[0011] Where, R5 is the inner diameter of the light shielding plate; The light energy received by the heating fiber for:

[0012] Where Q1 is the light energy that the heating fiber can receive when it is completely unobstructed; n is the number of light shielding sheets; R2 is the inner diameter of the heating fiber; The temperature of the protective window is as follows:

[0013] Where C s is the specific heat capacity of the protective window; m s is the mass of the protective window; ∆t s is the difference between the protection window temperature and the ambient temperature; Q l is the energy dissipated in the form of light energy; Q e is the energy dissipated in the form of heat; C n is the specific heat capacity of the parts at the distal end of the endoscope insertion portion, m n is the mass of the parts at the tip of the endoscope insertion part, ∆t n It is the difference between the component temperature at the distal end of the endoscope insertion portion and the ambient temperature.

[0014] In some embodiments, the light guide cone further includes an illumination fiber sleeve, a heating fiber sleeve, and a connection seat, and the light guide cone includes, from the inside to the outside, an illumination fiber, an illumination fiber sleeve, a heating fiber, a heating fiber sleeve, and a connection seat; wherein, Lighting fiber, located in the center; An illumination optical fiber sleeve, wrapped around the outside of the illumination optical fiber; a heating optical fiber located outside the illumination optical fiber sleeve and inside the heating optical fiber sleeve; A heating optical fiber sleeve wrapped around the outside of the heating optical fiber; The connecting seat is located at the outermost side, in which a pressure-controlled telescopic block is arranged and a small opening is opened, through which the pressure-controlled telescopic block is connected to the light shielding sheet; The light energy output by the cold light source enters the light guide cone through the light guide, and the light energy at the light output end of the light guide cone enters the illumination optical fiber and the heating optical fiber respectively.

[0015] In some embodiments, the temperature-controlled telescopic block is made of a material with a high thermal expansion coefficient; the thermal conductive ring is made of a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency and a low thermal expansion coefficient; the pressure rod is made of a material with high hardness and a low thermal expansion coefficient; and the protective window is made of sapphire glass.

[0016] In some embodiments, the endoscope insertion portion includes an inner tube, a middle tube, and an outer tube from the inside out; the heating optical fiber is located between the inner tube and the middle tube, and the lighting optical fiber is located between the middle tube and the outer tube; The heat-conducting ring is located between the inner tube and the middle tube and contacts the end of the heating optical fiber; the temperature-control telescopic block and the pressure rod are arranged between the heating optical fibers, wherein the temperature-control telescopic block is connected to the heat-conducting ring, and the pressure rod is connected to the temperature-control telescopic block.

[0017] In some embodiments, the protective window is connected to the inner tube.

[0018] In some embodiments, the endoscope insertion portion further includes a shaping piece, which is connected to the inner tube and separates a gap between the heating optical fibers. A temperature-controlled telescopic block and a pressure rod are arranged in the gap. The heating optical fiber is separated from the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the pressure rod by the shaping piece, so that the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the pressure rod can move axially in the gap between the shaping pieces.

[0019] In some embodiments, the shaped piece, the inner tube, the middle tube and the outer tube are all made of stainless steel.

[0020] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a method for quantitatively compensating endoscope temperature based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism, which is applied to the device for quantitatively compensating endoscope temperature based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism described in any one of the first aspects, the method comprising: Connect the light guide of the cold light source to the light guide interface. The light energy output by the cold light source enters the light guide cone through the light guide. The light energy at the light outlet end of the light guide cone enters the illumination fiber and the heating fiber respectively. The heating optical fiber transmits light energy to the heat-conducting ring, and the heat-conducting ring converts the light energy transmitted by the heating optical fiber into heat energy, thereby heating the front end of the insertion portion of the endoscope; When the temperature difference between the front end of the endoscope insertion portion and the ambient temperature is higher than the designed temperature difference, the temperature-controlled telescopic block expands or contracts along the axial direction of the endoscope insertion portion after being heated, and drives the light shielding plate to move through the pressure rod to increase the area blocked by the heating optical fiber, thereby reducing the area where the heating optical fiber receives light energy, and further reducing the light energy entering the heating optical fiber, thereby lowering the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion portion; when the temperature difference between the front end of the endoscope insertion portion and the ambient temperature is lower than the designed temperature difference, the temperature-controlled telescopic block moves in the opposite direction, and drives the light shielding plate to move through the pressure rod to reduce the area blocked by the heating optical fiber, thereby increasing the area where the heating optical fiber receives light energy, and further increasing the light energy entering the heating optical fiber, thereby raising the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion portion; The reciprocating motion of the light shielding sheet stabilizes the difference between the temperature of the distal end of the endoscope insertion portion and the ambient temperature at a designed temperature difference.

[0021] In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art: The present invention mainly relies on the heating optical fiber, thermal conductive ring and endoscope temperature quantitative compensation mechanism in the light guide cone to achieve temperature quantitative control based on the negative feedback regulation mechanism. That is, after the light guide beam is connected to the cold light source, the light energy output by the cold light source enters the light guide cone through the light guide beam, and the light energy at the light outlet end of the light guide cone enters the illumination optical fiber and the heating optical fiber respectively. After receiving the light energy, the heating optical fiber transmits the light energy to the end of the optical fiber. Most of the light energy is converted into heat energy at the contact surface between the end of the heating optical fiber and the thermal conductive ring. After receiving the energy, the thermal conductive ring heats up and transmits the energy to the front end of the endoscope insertion part through heat conduction. The temperature of the protective window at the front end of the endoscope insertion part is higher than the ambient temperature after heating, so water vapor cannot condense into liquid on its surface. Among them, the temperature-controlled telescopic block expands or contracts after receiving the energy from the thermal conductive ring, and correspondingly extends or shortens along the axial direction, driving the pressure rod behind it to move, and the pressure rod in turn drives the light shielding plate to move. After the light shield moves, it partially blocks the heated optical fiber, reducing the area it receives light energy and the amount of light received. This reduces the amount of heat energy generated, which in turn reduces the temperature of the temperature-controlled telescopic block, causing it to reverse direction. This causes the pressure rod connected to it to also reverse direction, which in turn drives the light shield in reverse direction. This increases the area of ​​the heated optical fiber receiving light energy, increasing the amount of light received. This process repeats until the energy input from the light guide cone and the energy dissipated by the system reach a dynamic equilibrium, the negative feedback regulation of the temperature quantitative compensation mechanism stabilizes, and the protective window temperature stabilizes at the designed value.

[0022] Furthermore, the endoscope temperature quantitative compensation mechanism also includes a pressure-controlled telescopic block, which is made of a flexible low thermal expansion coefficient material and is located between the pressure rod and the shading plate. Through this flexible low thermal expansion coefficient material, the axial displacement of the pressure rod can be converted into the movement of the shading plate, thereby realizing the change of displacement direction.

[0023] Furthermore, the endoscope insertion part also includes a shaping piece, which separates the heating optical fiber from the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the pressure rod, so that the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the pressure rod can move axially in the gap between the shaping pieces, thereby preventing the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the pressure rod from being unable to transmit the displacement to the shading piece. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 A flowchart of a quantitative temperature compensation device for an endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A structural diagram of a temperature compensation endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the objective end of a 0° temperature-compensated endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the objective lens end of a 30° temperature-compensated endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 A cross-sectional view of the insertion portion of a temperature-compensated endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a temperature-compensated endoscope light guide interface based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 A contact plane diagram of a light guide cone and an optical fiber provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 A diagram showing the working principle of a light shield provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] In the figure: 1-endoscope insertion part, 2-light guide interface, 3-protective window, 4-inner tube, 5-heating optical fiber, 6-thermal conductive ring, 7-temperature controlled telescopic block, 8-pressure rod, 9-shaping piece, 10-pressure controlled telescopic block, 11-light shielding piece, 12-middle tube, 13-illumination optical fiber, 14-outer tube, 15-heating optical fiber channel, 16-illumination optical fiber channel, 17-light cone, 18-connecting seat, 19-heating optical fiber sleeve, 20-illumination optical fiber sleeve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Based on the embodiments provided in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Obviously, the drawings described below are merely examples or embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art can, without inventive effort, apply the present application to other similar scenarios based on these drawings. Furthermore, it is also understood that, although the effort involved in such a development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this application, changes in design, manufacturing, or production based on the technical content disclosed in this application are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as an insufficiency of the content disclosed in this application.

[0028] References to "embodiments" in this application mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to independent or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments unless there is a conflict.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by a person of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The words "one", "a", "the" and the like used in this application do not indicate a limit on quantity and may indicate the singular or plural. The terms "include", "comprise", "have" and any variations thereof used in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions; for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units that are not listed, or may also include other steps or units that are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices. The words "connect", "connected", "coupled" and the like used in this application are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The word "multiple" used in this application refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. involved in this application are only used to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order for the objects.

[0030] The present application provides an endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device and method based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism. The temperature compensation structure can keep the difference between the temperature at the front end of the lens and the abdominal cavity temperature at a designed value. During surgery, the protective window at the front end of the endoscope is not affected by water mist. The endoscope system maintains clear images and stable imaging of the surgical area during abdominal surgery, ensuring the safety and stability of the surgery.

[0031] The present invention's quantitative endoscope temperature compensation method, based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism, enables the thermal ring, temperature-controlled telescopic block, pressure rod, pressure-controlled telescopic block, light shield, heating fiber, other structures at the objective end, and the external environment of the objective end to form a complete negative feedback temperature regulation system. Energy is transferred in the system in the form of light energy and heat energy. The reciprocating motion of the light shield changes the effective working area of ​​the heating fiber, so the energy input to the system constantly changes. Ultimately, the energy input to the system and the energy output from the system achieve a dynamic balance, and the sapphire protective window at the front end of the endoscope maintains a stable temperature difference with the ambient temperature. Due to the introduction of the negative feedback regulation mechanism, when the external ambient temperature changes, the temperature compensation system will re-enter a new steady state, maintaining a fixed temperature difference with the surrounding environment.

[0032] The temperature control achieved in this application mainly relies on the temperature regulation system. That is, after the light guide is connected to the cold light source, the light energy output by the cold light source enters the light guide cone through the light guide. The light energy at the light outlet of the light guide cone enters the illumination fiber and the heating fiber respectively. After receiving the light energy, the heating fiber transmits the light energy to the end of the fiber. Most of the light energy is converted into heat energy at the contact surface between the end of the heating fiber and the thermal conductive ring. After receiving the energy, the thermal conductive ring heats up and transmits the energy to the sapphire protective window through heat conduction. The temperature of the sapphire protective window after heating is higher than the ambient temperature, so water vapor cannot condense into liquid on its surface. Among them, the temperature-controlled telescopic block heats up and expands after receiving the energy from the thermal conductive ring, and stretches axially, driving the pressure rod behind it to move. The pressure rod in turn drives the pressure-controlled telescopic block to move, and the pressure-controlled telescopic block drives the light shielding plate to move. After the shading plate moves, it blocks part of the heated optical fiber, reducing the area that receives light energy and the amount of energy received. Then, the temperature of the temperature-controlled telescopic block will decrease and it will shorten along the axial direction. Therefore, the pressure rod connected to the rear of the block will also retract. The pressure rod drives the pressure-controlled telescopic block and the shading plate to retract. As a result, the area of ​​the heated optical fiber that receives light energy increases and the amount of energy received increases. The above process is then repeated until the energy input into the temperature compensation system by the light guide cone and the energy dissipated by the system reach a dynamic balance. After the negative feedback adjustment of the temperature compensation system is stabilized, the temperature of the sapphire protective window will also stabilize at the design value.

[0033] Assuming that the design temperature difference of the endoscope temperature compensation system is 5°C, when it is used in an environment of 37°C, the temperature of the sapphire protective window is 42°C; when it is used in an environment of 25°C, the temperature of the sapphire protective window is 30°C.

[0034] When a laparoscopic endoscope designed according to this method is used in the human abdominal cavity, the temperature of its protective window is higher than that of the human abdominal cavity. Water vapor in the abdominal cavity cannot condense into liquid on the protective window, thus preventing the lens from fogging and ensuring that the image sensor receives a stable and clear image during surgery. In addition, the negative feedback regulation mechanism makes the endoscope suitable for use in different body parts and individuals with large body temperature differences. Its temperature always maintains a fixed difference with the ambient temperature, preventing the objective lens from overheating and causing burns to the human body, or from overheating and causing the anti-fog function to fail.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a workflow diagram of an endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present application. The dotted box is the cyclic process of negative feedback regulation, "+" represents positive input, and "-" represents reverse feedback.

[0036] The temperature-compensated endoscope, based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism, described in this application, is connected to a cold light source via a light guide. The light energy output by the cold light source enters a light guide cone (Q1) via the light guide. The light energy at the light outlet of the light guide cone enters an illumination fiber (Q3) and a heating fiber (Q2), respectively. Some of the light is reflected by metal components or converted into heat (Q4). The heating fiber receives the light energy and transmits it to the end of the fiber. Most of the light energy is converted into heat (Q5) at the contact surface between the heating fiber end and the thermal conductive ring, while some of it is still reflected as light energy by structural components (Q6). The thermal conductive ring receives the energy and heats up, transferring it to structural components such as the sapphire protective window, the temperature-controlled telescopic block (Q7), and the inner tube through heat conduction. The heated sapphire protective window is higher than the ambient temperature, preventing water vapor from condensing into liquid on its surface.

[0037] After receiving energy from the heat-conducting ring, the temperature-controlled telescopic block heats up and expands, extending axially, driving the pressure rod behind it to move. The pressure rod in turn drives the pressure-controlled telescopic block to move, which in turn drives the light-shielding plate to move. After the light-shielding plate moves, it blocks part of the heated optical fiber, reducing the area it receives light energy and the amount of energy it receives. As a result, Q2, Q6, Q5, and Q7 mentioned above decrease. The decrease in Q7 lowers the temperature of the temperature-controlled telescopic block and shortens it axially, causing the pressure rod connected to the rear of the block to retract. The pressure rod drives the pressure-controlled telescopic block and light-shielding plate to retract, increasing the area of ​​the heated optical fiber receiving light energy and the amount of energy received. The above process is then repeated until the energy input from the light guide cone to the temperature compensation system and the energy dissipated by the system reach a dynamic equilibrium. Once the negative feedback regulation of the temperature compensation system stabilizes, the temperature of the sapphire protective window will also stabilize at the design value.

[0038] like Figure 2As shown, the front end of the endoscope insertion portion 1 is provided with a protective window 3, which protects the internal lens assembly and forms a sealed environment with the inner tube to prevent contamination of internal components. The rear end of the endoscope insertion portion 1 is provided with a light guide interface 2, which is used to connect to the light guide of the cold light source. The slender insertion portion of the endoscope insertion portion 1 enters the surgical field through a natural body cavity or surgical site.

[0039] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the inner tube 4, the middle tube 12 and the outer tube 14 are made of stainless steel, which plays the role of protecting the lens assembly and shaping the optical fiber. The material of the illumination optical fiber 13 is optical glass, which receives the light energy from the light-emitting end of the light-guiding cone and transmits it to the objective end of the endoscope. The light is irradiated from the light-emitting surface of the illumination optical fiber 13 to the surgical area, providing lighting for the surgical process. The material of the protective window 3 is sapphire glass, which has high hardness and low thermal expansion coefficient. The material of the heat-conducting ring 6 is a material with high photothermal conversion efficiency and low thermal expansion coefficient. After receiving the light energy of the heating optical fiber 5, the heat-conducting ring 6 converts most of the light energy into heat energy, and a small part of the energy is reflected in the form of light. The temperature-controlled telescopic block 7 is made of a material with a high thermal expansion coefficient. After receiving heat energy, its length extends axially. The pressure rod 8 is made of a material with high hardness and low thermal expansion coefficient, and its length remains unchanged after being heated.

[0040] The protective window 3 is connected to the inner tube 4 to protect the internal lens group from external contamination such as humidity and dust. Since the surface of the protective window 4 is the light-transmitting area, if it becomes foggy, the image received by the image sensor will also become blurred, so it is necessary to keep its surface clean.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the shaping piece 9 is made of four pieces of stainless steel, which are connected to the inner tube 4 to separate the heating optical fiber 5, the pressure rod 8, and the temperature-controlled telescopic block 7, so that the pressure rod 8 and the temperature-controlled telescopic block 7 can move axially between the shaping piece 9.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown, the pressure-controlled telescopic block 10 is made of a flexible, low-thermal-expansion material, enabling diverted displacement transmission. The pressure rod 8 is constructed of a high-hardness, low-thermal-expansion material. The illumination fiber channel 16 is filled with an illumination fiber 13, while the heating fiber channel 15 is filled with a heating fiber 5. The light shield 11 is made of an opaque, low-thermal-expansion material. The light guide cone is filled with optical fibers, transferring light energy from the light guide end of the light cone 17 to the illumination fiber channel 16 and the heating fiber channel 15.

[0043] The heat-conducting ring 6 at the end of the heating fiber 5 receives light energy and heats up. This heat is then transferred to surrounding components, such as the tube wall, protective glass, and temperature-controlled expansion joint 7. After absorbing the heat, the expansion joint 7 expands and elongates axially, pushing the rear pressure rod 8 to move axially. The end of the pressure rod 8 is a stainless steel tube filled with a flexible low-thermal expansion material (i.e., the pressure-controlled expansion joint 10). The pressure rod compresses the flexible low-thermal expansion material, causing it to move along the tube. A small opening is provided at the end of the stainless steel tube, through which the flexible low-thermal expansion material connects to a light shield 11. The compressed flexible material extends from the opening, pushing the light shield 11 to move.

[0044] If the light shielding plate 11 moves and blocks more of the heating fiber 5, the light energy received by the heat-conducting ring 6 at the front end of the lens decreases, causing the temperature to drop. The temperature-controlled telescopic block 7 decreases in temperature and shortens, driving the pressure rod 8 to retract. This in turn causes the flexible material in the pressure-controlled telescopic block 10 to retract. The flexible material at the end of the pressure-controlled telescopic block 10 retracts into the small hole in the stainless steel tube, and the light shielding plate 11 retracts as well. At this point, the working area of ​​the optical fiber increases, increasing the light energy entering the system and causing the end of the lens to heat up.

[0045] The above process is repeated until the energy input into the temperature compensation system by the light guide cone and the energy dissipated by the system reach a dynamic balance. After the negative feedback adjustment of the temperature compensation system is stabilized, the temperature of the sapphire protective window will also stabilize at the design value, realizing continuous and stable heating of the front end of the mirror body.

[0046] like Figure 7 As shown, the light guide cone connecting seat 18 is made of stainless steel; the heating fiber sleeve 19 is made of stainless steel and filled with the heating fiber 5; the lighting fiber sleeve 20 is made of stainless steel and filled with the lighting fiber 13.

[0047] It should be noted that in the above embodiment, the temperature-controlled telescopic block 7 is made of a material with a high thermal expansion coefficient and expands when heated. Of course, the temperature-controlled telescopic block 7 can also be made of a material with a negative thermal expansion coefficient, that is, it contracts when heated and expands when cooled, and the resulting displacement is then converted into movement of the light shielding plate 11. It is important to note that when the temperature-controlled telescopic block 7 is heated, the light shielding plate 11 should increase the area shielded by the heating optical fiber 5.

[0048] This application also provides an endoscope temperature compensation method based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism. This method uses a temperature compensation structure composed of a heating optical fiber, a thermal ring, a temperature-controlled telescopic block, a pressure rod, a pressure-controlled telescopic block, and a light shield to achieve negative feedback regulation of the temperature of the sapphire protective window at the end of the endoscope objective lens. When the system's energy input and energy output reach a dynamic equilibrium, the sapphire protective window temperature is maintained at the designed value. The temperature compensation structure maintains the lens protective window temperature at 37°C to 41°C within the human abdominal cavity, preventing water vapor condensation from fogging the lens.

[0049] The following is the working principle of the temperature compensation structure and the design method of the light shielding sheet and temperature control shrink block: The elongation of the temperature-controlled telescopic block after heating is:

[0050] Where α is the thermal expansion coefficient; ∆t is the difference between the heated temperature of the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the ambient temperature; and L0 is the original length of the temperature-controlled telescopic block.

[0051]

[0052] Where S1 is the cross-sectional area of ​​the pressure-controlled telescopic block (horizontal section); S2 is the contact area between the pressure-controlled telescopic block and the shading sheet; and L3 is the distance that the pressure-controlled telescopic block pushes the shading sheet to move.

[0053] When the light shield moves under the control of the voltage-controlled telescopic block, the area of ​​the heating fiber blocked will also change, thereby controlling the energy entering the heating fiber. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a ring-shaped light shield is used as an example. The working principle of the light shield is:

[0054] Where L2 is the distance from the intersection of the light shield and the outer diameter of the heating fiber to the center of the temperature-controlled telescopic block; L3 is the distance the light shield moves when the pressure-controlled telescopic block pushes the light shield; θ is the central angle corresponding to the light shield; R1 is the outer diameter of the illumination fiber; R2 is the inner diameter of the heating fiber; R3 is the outer diameter of the heating fiber; R5 is the inner diameter of the light shield; and R6 is the outer diameter of the light shield.

[0055] In the formula, the area of ​​the optical fiber blocked by a single light-shielding sheet is as follows:

[0056] The energy received by the heated fiber is as follows:

[0057] Where Q1 is the energy that the heating fiber can receive when it is completely unobstructed; n is the number of light shielding sheets.

[0058] Sapphire protective window temperature:

[0059] Where C s is the specific heat capacity of sapphire glass; m s is the mass of sapphire glass; ∆t s is the difference between the sapphire stable temperature and the ambient temperature; Q l is the energy dissipated in the form of light energy; Q e is the energy dissipated in the form of heat; C nSpecific heat capacity of stainless steel, glass, optical fiber, metal structural parts and other parts at the objective end of the endoscope; m n is the quality of stainless steel, glass, optical fiber, metal structural parts and other parts at the endoscope objective end; ∆t n It is the difference between the stable temperature of stainless steel, glass, optical fiber, metal structural parts and other parts at the objective end of the endoscope and the ambient temperature.

[0060] After determining the actual required temperature difference between the protective window and the ambient temperature, the shapes of the temperature-controlled telescopic block, the pressure-controlled telescopic block and the light-shielding sheet can be designed using the above formula to achieve temperature control of the objective end of the endoscope and maintain the difference between the temperature and the ambient temperature at the designed value, avoiding burns caused by excessively high temperatures or fogging of the lens due to excessively low temperatures.

[0061] The heat conduction ring in the temperature compensation structure with negative feedback regulation converts the light energy at the end of the optical fiber into heat energy, and finally conducts the heat energy to the sapphire protective window through the tube in the endoscope, so that a certain temperature difference is maintained between the sapphire protective window and the human abdominal cavity. Therefore, even if the humidity in the abdominal cavity is high, water vapor cannot condense into water mist on the surface of the sapphire protective window, ensuring the normal operation of the light-transmitting area of ​​the protective window. However, ordinary endoscopes require the front end of the lens to be taken out of the abdominal cavity for heating many times during the operation, which not only affects the progress of the operation, but also increases the risk of infection. The present application can also be used to design endoscopes for different parts of the human body. Since the temperature and humidity of different parts of the human body are different, the required heating temperature difference is also different. According to the above design method, different structural materials and the shape and number of light-shielding sheets can be reasonably selected according to the required heating temperature difference to design heating endoscopes for various purposes.

[0062] In summary, the temperature compensation structure designed based on the negative feedback regulation mechanism of the present application maintains a constant temperature difference between the sapphire protective window and the human abdominal cavity, ensuring the normal operation of the light-transmitting area of ​​the protective window. The heat-conducting ring, temperature-controlled telescopic block, pressure rod, pressure-controlled telescopic block, light-shielding sheet, etc. in the temperature compensation structure can be replaced with structural parts of different materials but with the same functions. The present application realizes quantitative control of the temperature of the front end of the mirror body. According to the design concept of the present invention, the material, length, shape and number of the structural parts and the light-shielding sheet can be reasonably selected to design a heating endoscope for various purposes with different temperature differences. The present application separates the internal mirror group, heating optical fiber, and lighting optical fiber, which ensures the sealing of the lens group while improving the molding yield of the heating optical fiber and the lighting optical fiber. The structure of separating the heating optical fiber and the lighting optical fiber allows the endoscope to independently adjust the temperature and lighting, and the temperature of the front end of the mirror body can be adjusted by changing the light intensity entering the heating optical fiber without changing the light intensity.

[0063] Specifically, the temperature quantitative compensation device in this application heats the objective end of the endoscope to prevent the lens from fogging; the energy transfer in the endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on the negative feedback regulation mechanism will reach a dynamic balance with the movement of the light shielding plate, and finally stabilize the sapphire protective window at a certain temperature, playing a continuous anti-fogging role. Due to the introduction of the negative feedback regulation mechanism, when the external ambient temperature changes, the temperature quantitative compensation system will re-enter a new steady state and maintain a fixed temperature difference with the surrounding environment. This temperature customization method can customize the appropriate temperature endoscope according to different surgical sites and scenarios. While achieving heating and anti-fogging, it can also control the temperature of the head end to avoid injuries to the human body caused by excessive temperature.

[0064] It should be noted that the various technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined in any manner. To simplify the description, not all possible combinations of the various technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there are no contradictions in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. In addition, according to the needs of implementation, the various steps / components described in this application can be split into more steps / components, and two or more steps / components or partial operations of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of the present invention.

[0065] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make several variations and improvements without departing from the concept of the present application, and these variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be based on the appended claims.

Claims

1. A device for quantitative temperature compensation of an endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism, the device comprising an endoscope insertion portion, a protective window provided at the front end of the endoscope insertion portion, a light guide interface provided at the rear end of the endoscope insertion portion, the light guide interface being connected to a light guide of a cold light source, characterized in that: The device also includes: The light guide cone is located at the light guide interface and includes an illumination fiber and a heating fiber. The illumination fiber and the heating fiber receive light energy output by the light guide of the cold light source. a heat-conducting ring, located at the front end of the insertion portion of the endoscope and in contact with the end of the heating optical fiber, converting the light energy transmitted by the heating optical fiber into heat energy; The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation mechanism includes a temperature-controlled telescopic block, a pressure rod and a light shielding plate; wherein the temperature-controlled telescopic block is located at the front end of the endoscope insertion part and expands or contracts when heated; the pressure rod connects the temperature-controlled telescopic block and the light shielding plate; the light shielding plate is located in the optical path of the heating optical fiber.

2. The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on negative feedback regulation mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation mechanism also includes a pressure-controlled telescopic block; the pressure-controlled telescopic block is made of a flexible low thermal expansion coefficient material and is connected to the pressure rod and the light shielding sheet.

3. The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on negative feedback regulation mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heating optical fiber is annular or circular, and the light shielding sheet is an annular light shielding sheet and is located on the periphery of the heating optical fiber.

4. The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on negative feedback regulation mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The light guide cone also includes an illumination fiber optic sleeve, a heating fiber optic sleeve and a connection seat; wherein, Lighting fiber, located in the center; An illumination optical fiber sleeve, wrapped around the outside of the illumination optical fiber; a heating optical fiber located outside the illumination optical fiber sleeve and inside the heating optical fiber sleeve; A heating optical fiber sleeve wrapped around the outside of the heating optical fiber; The connecting seat is located at the outermost side, in which a pressure-controlled telescopic block is arranged and a small opening is opened. The pressure-controlled telescopic block is connected to the light shielding sheet through the small opening.

5. The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on negative feedback regulation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature-controlled telescopic block is made of a material with a high thermal expansion coefficient; the thermal conductive ring is made of a material with high light-to-heat conversion efficiency and a low thermal expansion coefficient; the pressure rod is made of a material with high hardness and a low thermal expansion coefficient; and the protective window is made of sapphire glass.

6. The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on negative feedback regulation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The endoscope insertion portion includes an inner tube, a middle tube, and an outer tube from the inside to the outside; the heating optical fiber is located between the inner tube and the middle tube, and the lighting optical fiber is located between the middle tube and the outer tube; The heat-conducting ring is located between the inner tube and the middle tube and contacts the end of the heating optical fiber; the temperature-control telescopic block and the pressure rod are arranged between the heating optical fibers, wherein the temperature-control telescopic block is connected to the heat-conducting ring, and the pressure rod is connected to the temperature-control telescopic block.

7. The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on negative feedback regulation mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The protection window is connected to the inner tube.

8. The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on negative feedback regulation mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that: The endoscope insertion part also includes a shaping piece, which is connected to the inner tube and separates a gap between the shaping piece and the heating optical fiber. A temperature-controlled telescopic block and a pressure rod are arranged in the gap.

9. The endoscope temperature quantitative compensation device based on negative feedback regulation mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that: The forming piece, inner tube, middle tube and outer tube are all made of stainless steel.

10. A method for quantitative temperature compensation of an endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism, applied to the device for quantitative temperature compensation of an endoscope based on a negative feedback regulation mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method includes: Connect the light guide of the cold light source to the light guide interface, and the light output by the cold light source can enter the lighting optical fiber and the heating optical fiber; The heating optical fiber transfers light energy to the heat-conducting ring, and the heat-conducting ring converts the light energy transferred by the heating optical fiber into heat energy; When the temperature difference between the front end of the endoscope insertion portion and the ambient temperature is higher than the designed temperature difference, the temperature-controlled telescopic block expands or contracts after being heated, and drives the light shielding plate to move through the pressure rod to increase the area blocked by the heating fiber, thereby reducing the area where the heating fiber receives light energy, thereby reducing the light energy entering the heating fiber, thereby lowering the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion portion; When the temperature difference between the front end of the endoscope insertion portion and the ambient temperature is lower than the designed temperature difference, the temperature-controlled telescopic block moves in the opposite direction and drives the light shielding plate to move through the pressure rod to reduce the area blocked by the heating fiber, thereby increasing the area of ​​the heating fiber receiving light energy, thereby increasing the light energy entering the heating fiber, and thus increasing the temperature of the front end of the endoscope insertion portion; The reciprocating motion of the light shielding sheet stabilizes the difference between the temperature of the distal end of the endoscope insertion portion and the ambient temperature at a designed temperature difference.

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