Welding equipment for temperature control element of thin film heater

Abstract

The invention relates to welding equipment for a temperature control element of a thin film heater, which is applied to the technical field of temperature control element welding and comprises a resistance welding machine provided with an upper electrode and a lower electrode and a welding aid mechanism, the welding aid mechanism comprises a supporting plate, and the bottom end of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with a lower connecting cylinder matched with the lower electrode; the outer wall of the lower connecting cylinder is movably sleeved with a conducting ring matched with the lower connecting cylinder, the outer wall of the conducting ring is fixedly connected with a C-shaped conducting rod, the conducting rod is fixedly provided with a lower-generation level head, the lower-generation level head is located above the supporting plate, and the bottom end of the lower-generation level head abuts against the top end of the supporting plate; according to the welding equipment, the lead of the temperature control element can be welded to the heating circuit in the film heater in an electric resistance welding mode, compared with tin soldering and electric resistance welding, higher welding strength and better high temperature resistance are achieved, the problem that a welding spot is softened and fails due to high temperature can be effectively solved, and the welding quality is improved. And the reliability of the temperature control system can be obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a welding device, in particular to a welding device for a temperature control element of a thin film heater applied in the technical field of temperature control element welding. Background Art

[0002] Thin-film heaters are widely used as an active thermal control method in spacecraft thermal control systems. Traditional thermal control implementations typically require separate temperature control elements and precise temperature control via a temperature controller. However, this approach has several drawbacks in practice. First, separate temperature control elements significantly reduce thermal control efficiency and can negatively impact subsequent workflows. Second, the size and weight of the temperature controller consume valuable space within the spacecraft and limited payload resources.

[0003] Integrating temperature control components into the thin-film heater circuit not only enables automatic temperature control but also effectively prevents heater failure due to overheating, thereby improving product reliability. Furthermore, this integration eliminates the need for additional temperature measurement and control components, thereby improving the efficiency of thermal control implementation.

[0004] When integrating a temperature control element into the circuit of a thin-film heater, welding equipment is required to connect the element's leads to the heater circuit within the thin-film heater. Traditionally, soldering is used, as exemplified by Chinese Patent Publication No. CN118437999B, which discloses a welding device for circuit board production, and CN116130B, which discloses a component soldering device for flexible circuit boards. However, after solidifying, solder can easily melt if exposed to excessively high temperatures. When the operating temperature of a thin-film heater approaches the melting point of the solder, this can cause the solder joints to soften and fail, severely impacting the reliability of the temperature control system. Therefore, we propose a soldering device for thin-film heater temperature control elements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned existing technologies, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that traditional circuit welding mostly uses tin soldering, but tin soldering is easy to melt if it encounters too high a temperature after solidification. When the operating temperature of the thin film heater is close to the melting point of tin soldering, it is easy to cause the solder joint to soften and fail, seriously affecting the reliability of the temperature control system.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a welding device for a temperature control element of a thin film heater, comprising a resistance welding machine provided with an upper electrode and a lower electrode and a welding mechanism, wherein the lower electrode is located directly below the upper electrode, and the welding mechanism comprises a support plate, the bottom end of the support plate is fixedly connected to a lower connecting tube matching the lower electrode, the lower connecting tube is sleeved on the top end of the lower electrode and fixedly connected to the lower electrode, a conductive ring matching the lower connecting tube is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the lower connecting tube, a C-shaped conductive rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the conductive ring, a lower-generation head is fixedly installed on the conductive rod, the lower-generation head is located above the support plate and the bottom end of the lower-generation head is against the top end of the support plate, and the material of the lower connecting tube, the conductive ring, the conductive rod and the lower-generation head are all the same as that of the lower electrode;

[0007] The limited rotation plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the conductive ring away from the conductive rod, and the limited rotation rod is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the support plate. The limited rotation rod passes through the limited rotation plate and is slidably connected to it. A pressure spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the limited rotation rod. The pressure spring is located above the limited rotation rod, and the two ends of the pressure spring are fixedly connected to the support plate and the limited rotation rod respectively. The support plate, limited rotation plate and limited rotation rod are all made of insulating material.

[0008] In the welding equipment of the above-mentioned thin film heater temperature control element, the leads of the temperature control element can be welded to the heating circuit in the thin film heater by resistance welding, thereby effectively avoiding the problem of solder joint softening failure caused by high temperature, and thus significantly improving the reliability of the temperature control system.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present application, welding equipment is used to weld the leads of the temperature control element to the heating circuit of the thin film heater. The thin film heater includes an upper polyimide film, a heating circuit, and a lower polyimide film. The heating circuit is located between the upper polyimide film and the lower polyimide film.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present application, a welding opening is provided on the upper polyimide film, and a welding pad is provided on the heating circuit, and the welding pad is located directly below the welding opening.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present application, the specific operation of welding the lead of the temperature control element to the heating circuit is as follows:

[0012] S1. Pull the conductive rod upward to form a gap between the next-generation head and the support plate that can accommodate the thin film heater;

[0013] S2. Place the thin film heater on the support plate and align the welding opening with the next-generation head. Release the conductive rod and make it fall, so that the next-generation head abuts against the welding pad.

[0014] S3, placing the lead of the temperature control element on the soldering pad through the soldering opening;

[0015] S4. Control the resistance welding machine to weld the lead wire.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present application, the welding mechanism also includes a welding assembly, which includes an upper connecting tube that is sleeved on the bottom end of the upper electrode and fixedly connected to the upper electrode. The bottom end of the upper connecting tube is fixedly connected to a conductive plate, and the bottom end of the conductive plate is fixedly connected to two upper-generation level heads. The materials of the upper connecting tube, the conductive plate, and the upper-generation level heads are all the same as those of the upper electrode.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present application, the fixed connection between the upper connecting tube and the upper electrode and the fixed connection between the lower connecting tube and the lower electrode are both detachable fixed connections.

[0018] As another improvement of the present application, the welding mechanism also includes a wire fixing assembly, which includes a linkage plate arranged above the conductive rod and a linkage pressure block fixedly connected to the upper connecting tube, the linkage pressure block is located directly above the linkage plate, and a support spring is fixedly connected between the linkage plate and the conductive rod, and a pair of support tubes are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the linkage plate, and a wire pressing spring is fixedly installed on the top inner wall of the support tube, and the bottom end of the wire pressing spring is fixedly connected to a sliding rod, which passes through the bottom outer wall of the support tube and is slidably connected thereto, and the bottom end of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to a wire fixing sleeve that matches the lead and is arranged in an inferior arc shape.

[0019] As another improvement supplement to the present application, a pair of support tubes are respectively located on the left and right sides of the conductive rod, and the two fixed wire sleeves are respectively located obliquely below the two upper-generation heads, and the distance between the two fixed wire sleeves is equal to the distance between the two upper-generation heads.

[0020] As another improvement supplement to the present application, a distance sensor facing the sliding rod is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top end of the support tube, and the fixed line assembly also includes a detection system, which includes a detection and analysis module and an audio-visual reminder module. The distance sensor is signal-connected to the detection and analysis module, and the detection and analysis module is signal-connected to the audio-visual reminder module and the control system of the resistance welding machine.

[0021] To sum up, through the setting of the soldering mechanism, the welding equipment in this application can weld the leads of the temperature control element to the heating circuit in the thin film heater by resistance welding. Compared with tin soldering, resistance welding has higher welding strength and better high temperature resistance, which can effectively avoid the problem of solder joint softening and failure caused by high temperature, thereby significantly improving the reliability of the temperature control system; through the setting of the same welding component, the welding equipment in this application can weld two leads at the same time, which not only improves the welding efficiency, but also improves the consistency of welding and makes the quality of solder joints more stable. Through the setting of the wire fixing component, the wire fixing component is not only conducive to the alignment between the lead and the previous generation head, but also can effectively fix the lead to prevent the lead from moving during the welding process. In addition, during welding, the wire fixing component can also detect whether the lead is correctly aligned with the previous generation head, and when it is detected that the lead is not aligned with the previous generation head, the wire fixing component will not only issue a reminder, but also cause the resistance welding machine to stop welding in time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a resistance welding machine in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the soldering mechanism in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a front view structural diagram of the support plate in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the second embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 6 For this application Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure at A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a side structural diagram of the linkage plate in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support tube in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of the verification system in the second embodiment of this application.

[0031] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0032] 001, resistance welding machine; 101, upper electrode; 102, lower electrode; 002, welding mechanism; 201, support plate; 202, lower connecting tube; 203, conductive ring; 204, conductive rod; 205, lower generation stage head; 206, rotation limit plate; 207, rotation limit rod; 208, pressure spring; 301, upper connecting tube; 302, conductive plate; 303, upper generation stage head; 401, linkage plate; 402, joint pressure block; 403, support spring; 404, support tube; 405, wire pressing spring; 406, slide rod; 407, wire fixing sleeve; 408, distance sensor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Two implementation modes of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The first implementation method:

[0035] Figures 1-4 The figure shows a welding device for a thin film heater temperature control element, comprising a resistance welding machine 001 provided with an upper electrode 101 and a lower electrode 102, and a welding mechanism 002. The lower electrode 102 is located directly below the upper electrode 101. The welding mechanism 002 comprises a support plate 201. The bottom end of the support plate 201 is fixedly connected to a lower connecting tube 202 that matches the lower electrode 102. The lower connecting tube 202 is sleeved on the top of the lower electrode 102 and is fixedly connected to the lower electrode 102. A conductive ring 203 matching the connecting tube 202 is movably sleeved on its outer wall, a C-shaped conductive rod 204 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the conductive ring 203, a lower-generation head 205 is fixedly mounted on the conductive rod 204, and the lower-generation head 205 is located above the support plate 201 and the bottom end of the lower-generation head 205 is against the top end of the support plate 201. The material of the lower connecting tube 202, the conductive ring 203, the conductive rod 204, and the lower-generation head 205 is the same as that of the lower electrode 102;

[0036] A limited rotation plate 206 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the conductive ring 203 on the side away from the conductive rod 204, and a limited rotation rod 207 is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the support plate 201. The limited rotation rod 207 passes through the limited rotation plate 206 and is slidably connected to it. A pressure spring 208 is sleeved on the outer wall of the limited rotation rod 207. The pressure spring 208 is located above the limited rotation rod 207, and the two ends of the pressure spring 208 are respectively fixedly connected to the support plate 201 and the limited rotation rod 207. The support plate 201, the limited rotation plate 206, and the limited rotation rod 207 are all made of insulating material.

[0037] The welding equipment is used to weld the leads of the temperature control element to the heating circuit of the thin film heater. The thin film heater includes an upper polyimide film, a heating circuit, and a lower polyimide film. The heating circuit is located between the upper polyimide film and the lower polyimide film. A welding opening is opened on the upper polyimide film. A welding pad is provided on the heating circuit and is located directly below the welding opening.

[0038] The specific operation of welding the leads of the temperature control element to the heating circuit is as follows:

[0039] S1, pull the conductive rod 204 upward to form a gap between the next-generation head 205 and the support plate 201 that can accommodate the thin film heater;

[0040] S2. Place the thin film heater on the support plate 201 and align the welding opening with the next-generation head 205. Release the conductive rod 204 and make it fall, so that the next-generation head 205 abuts against the welding pad.

[0041] S3, placing the lead of the temperature control element on the soldering pad through the soldering opening;

[0042] S4. Control the resistance welding machine 001 to weld the lead wire.

[0043] Through the setting of the soldering mechanism 002, the welding equipment in this application can weld the leads of the temperature control element to the heating circuit in the thin film heater by resistance welding. Compared with tin soldering, resistance welding has higher welding strength and better high temperature resistance, which can effectively avoid the problem of solder joint softening and failure caused by high temperature, thereby significantly improving the reliability of the temperature control system.

[0044] By setting the rotation limit plate 206, the rotation limit rod 207 and the pressure spring 208, on the one hand, the conductive rod 204 can be prevented from accidentally rotating and affecting the welding process. On the other hand, when the conductive rod 204 is pulled upward, the pressure spring 208 will be compressed. After the conductive rod 204 is released and dropped, the pressure spring 208 cannot fully rebound due to the thin film heater placed between the next-generation head 205 and the support plate 201. Under the action of the elastic force of the pressure spring 208, the next-generation head 205 will apply a certain amount of pressure to the thin film heater, thereby fixing the thin film heater.

[0045] The welding mechanism 002 also includes a welding component, which includes an upper connecting tube 301 that is sleeved on the bottom end of the upper electrode 101 and fixedly connected to the upper electrode 101. The bottom end of the upper connecting tube 301 is fixedly connected to a conductive plate 302, and the bottom end of the conductive plate 302 is fixedly connected to two upper-generation heads 303. The materials of the upper connecting tube 301, the conductive plate 302, and the upper-generation head 303 are the same as those of the upper electrode 101. During welding, the two leads of the temperature control element can be placed directly below the two upper-generation heads 303. In this way, the two leads can be welded at the same time, which not only improves the welding efficiency, but also improves the consistency of the welding, making the quality of the weld more stable.

[0046] The fixed connection between the upper connecting tube 301 and the upper electrode 101 and the fixed connection between the lower connecting tube 202 and the lower electrode 102 are both detachable fixed connections, so that the welding mechanism 002 can be removed from the resistance welding machine 001. On the one hand, it is convenient for maintenance of the welding mechanism 002. On the other hand, after removing the welding mechanism 002, the resistance welding machine 001 can be used for welding other workpieces, products, etc., which can improve equipment utilization.

[0047] The second implementation method:

[0048] Figure 5-Figure 9 The figure shows a welding device for a thin film heater temperature control element. Unlike the first embodiment, the soldering mechanism 002 also includes a fixed line component, which includes a linkage plate 401 arranged above the conductive rod 204 and a coupling pressure block 402 fixedly connected to the upper connecting cylinder 301. The coupling pressure block 402 is located directly above the linkage plate 401. A support spring 403 is fixedly connected between the linkage plate 401 and the conductive rod 204. The bottom end of the linkage plate 401 is fixedly connected to a pair of support cylinders 404. The inner wall of the top end of the support cylinder 404 is fixedly connected to the support cylinder 404. A wire pressing spring 405 is fixedly installed, and the bottom end of the wire pressing spring 405 is fixedly connected to a slide rod 406, which passes through the bottom outer wall of the support tube 404 and is slidably connected thereto, and the bottom end of the slide rod 406 is fixedly connected to a wire fixing sleeve 407 which matches the lead and is arranged in an inferior arc shape. A pair of support tubes 404 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the conductive rod 204, and the two wire fixing sleeves 407 are respectively located obliquely below the two upper-generation heads 303, and the distance between the two wire fixing sleeves 407 is equal to the distance between the two upper-generation heads 303.

[0049] During welding, the two lead wires are extended to the bottom of the two fixed wire sleeves 407. On the one hand, the fixed wire sleeves 407 can play a positioning role, which is conducive to the alignment between the lead wires and the upper generation head 303. On the other hand, during the welding process, the driving mechanism in the resistance welding machine 001 will drive the upper electrode 101 to move downward, and the welding assembly and the joint pressure block 402 will also move downward together. During the downward movement of the joint pressure block 402, after the joint pressure block 402 and the linkage plate 401 are abutted, the continued movement of the joint pressure block 402 will drive the linkage plate 401, the support cylinder 404, the fixed wire sleeve 407, etc. to move downward together. After the fixed wire sleeve 407 and the lead wires are abutted, the continued movement of the joint pressure block 402 will compress the wire pressing spring 405, so that the fixed wire sleeve 407 can tightly press the lead wire, thereby effectively fixing the lead wire and preventing the lead wire from moving during the welding process, thereby improving welding accuracy and welding quality. After welding is completed, the excess lead wire can be cut off.

[0050] A distance sensor 408 facing the slide rod 406 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the top end of the support tube 404. The fixed line component also includes a detection system, which includes a detection and analysis module and an audio-visual reminder module. The distance sensor 408 is signal-connected to the detection and analysis module, and the detection and analysis module is signal-connected to the audio-visual reminder module and the control system of the resistance welding machine 001.

[0051] The distance sensor 408 is used to monitor the distance between it and the slide bar 406, and the distance monitored by the distance sensor 408 will be transmitted to the detection and analysis module. A distance threshold is preset in the detection and analysis module. Under normal circumstances, that is, when the fixed wire sleeve 407 is correctly aligned with the lead, when the upper-generation head 303 is against the lead, the distance between the distance sensor 408 and the slide bar 406 is equal to the distance threshold. If the fixed wire sleeve 407 is not correctly aligned with the lead, the distance between the distance sensor 408 and the slide bar 406 will not match the distance threshold during welding. For example, the fixed wire sleeve 407 and the lead are completely staggered, which will cause the fixed wire sleeve 407 to be against the thin film heater (if the fixed wire sleeve 407 and the lead are completely aligned, the fixed wire sleeve 407 cannot be against the thin film heater due to the limitation of the lead). Finally, the distance between the distance sensor 408 and the slide bar 406 will be If the distance is greater than the distance threshold and the wire fixing sleeve 407 is not correctly aligned with the lead, it means that the previous generation head 303 is also not correctly aligned with the lead, so that the detection and analysis module can find that the lead is not correctly aligned with the previous generation head 303 by analyzing the distance data monitored by the distance sensor 408. At this time, the detection and analysis module will control the sound and light reminder module to issue a sound and light reminder, and send a signal to the control system of the resistance welding machine 001 to stop welding in time. Therefore, through the setting of the wire fixing component, the wire fixing component is not only conducive to the alignment between the lead and the previous generation head 303, but also can effectively fix the lead to prevent the lead from moving during the welding process. In addition, during welding, the wire fixing component can also detect whether the lead is correctly aligned with the previous generation head 303, and when it is detected that the lead is not aligned with the previous generation head 303, the wire fixing component will not only issue a reminder, but also cause the resistance welding machine 001 to stop welding in time.

[0052] In view of current actual needs, the protection scope of the above-mentioned implementation mode adopted in this application is not limited to this. Various changes made within the knowledge scope of technical personnel in this field without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding device for a thin film heater temperature control element, comprising a resistance welding machine (001) provided with an upper electrode (101) and a lower electrode (102), wherein the lower electrode (102) is located directly below the upper electrode (101), characterized in that: The invention also includes a soldering mechanism (002), wherein the soldering mechanism (002) includes a support plate (201), the bottom end of the support plate (201) is fixedly connected to a lower connecting tube (202) matching the lower electrode (102), the lower connecting tube (202) is sleeved on the top end of the lower electrode (102) and fixedly connected to the lower electrode (102), and a conductive ring (203) matching the lower connecting tube (202) is movably sleeved on the outer wall of the lower connecting tube (202), and the conductive ring ( A C-shaped conductive rod (204) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the support plate (203), a lower-generation head (205) is fixedly installed on the conductive rod (204), the lower-generation head (205) is located above the support plate (201), and the bottom end of the lower-generation head (205) is against the top end of the support plate (201), and the material of the lower connecting tube (202), the conductive ring (203), the conductive rod (204), and the lower-generation head (205) is the same as that of the lower electrode (102); A limited rotation plate (206) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the conductive ring (203) on the side away from the conductive rod (204); a limited rotation rod (207) is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the support plate (201); the limited rotation rod (207) passes through the limited rotation plate (206) and is slidably connected thereto; a pressure piece spring (208) is sleeved on the outer wall of the limited rotation rod (207); the pressure piece spring (208) is located above the limited rotation rod (207), and two ends of the pressure piece spring (208) are respectively fixedly connected to the support plate (201) and the limited rotation rod (207); the support plate (201), the limited rotation plate (206), and the limited rotation rod (207) are all made of insulating materials.

2. The welding equipment for a thin film heater temperature control element according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding equipment is used to weld the leads of the temperature control element to the heating circuit of the thin film heater. The thin film heater includes an upper polyimide film, a heating circuit, and a lower polyimide film. The heating circuit is located between the upper polyimide film and the lower polyimide film.

3. The welding equipment for a thin film heater temperature control element according to claim 2, characterized in that: A welding opening is provided on the upper polyimide film, and a welding pad is provided on the heating circuit. The welding pad is located directly below the welding opening.

4. The welding equipment for a thin film heater temperature control element according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific operation of welding the leads of the temperature control element to the heating circuit is as follows: S1, pulling the conductive rod (204) upwards to form a gap between the next-generation head (205) and the support plate (201) that can accommodate the thin film heater; S2, placing the thin film heater on the support plate (201), aligning the welding opening with the next-generation head (205), loosening the conductive rod (204) to make it fall, so that the next-generation head (205) abuts against the welding pad; S3, placing the lead of the temperature control element on the soldering pad through the soldering opening; S4, controlling the resistance welding machine (001) to weld the lead wire.

5. The welding equipment for a thin film heater temperature control element according to claim 4, characterized in that: The welding mechanism (002) further includes a welding assembly, which includes an upper connecting tube (301) sleeved on the bottom end of the upper electrode (101) and fixedly connected to the upper electrode (101), the bottom end of the upper connecting tube (301) is fixedly connected to a conductive plate (302), the bottom end of the conductive plate (302) is fixedly connected to two upper-generation level heads (303), and the materials of the upper connecting tube (301), the conductive plate (302), and the upper-generation level heads (303) are all the same as those of the upper electrode (101).

6. The welding equipment for a thin film heater temperature control element according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fixed connection between the upper connecting tube (301) and the upper electrode (101) and the fixed connection between the lower connecting tube (202) and the lower electrode (102) are both detachable fixed connections.

7. The welding equipment for a thin film heater temperature control element according to claim 5, characterized in that: The soldering mechanism (002) further comprises a wire fixing assembly, comprising a linkage plate (401) arranged above the conductive rod (204) and a linkage pressure block (402) fixedly connected to the upper connecting tube (301), the linkage pressure block (402) being located directly above the linkage plate (401), a support spring (403) being fixedly connected between the linkage plate (401) and the conductive rod (204), a pair of support tubes (404) being fixedly connected at the bottom end of the linkage plate (401), a wire pressing spring (405) being fixedly mounted on the top inner wall of the support tube (404), a slide rod (406) being fixedly connected at the bottom end of the wire pressing spring (405), the slide rod (406) penetrating the bottom outer wall of the support tube (404) and being slidably connected thereto, and a wire fixing sleeve (407) being fixedly connected at the bottom end of the slide rod (406) and being matched with the lead and being arranged in an inferior arc shape.

8. The welding equipment for thin film heater temperature control element according to claim 7, characterized in that: A pair of support tubes (404) are respectively located on the left and right sides of the conductive rod (204), and the two fixed wire sleeves (407) are respectively located obliquely below the two upper-generation heads (303), and the distance between the two fixed wire sleeves (407) is equal to the distance between the two upper-generation heads (303).

9. The welding equipment for a thin film heater temperature control element according to claim 8, characterized in that: A distance sensor (408) facing the slide bar (406) is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the top end of the support tube (404). The line fixing assembly further comprises a detection and alignment system, the detection and alignment system comprising a detection and alignment analysis module and an audible and visual reminder module. The distance sensor (408) is signal-connected to the detection and alignment analysis module, and the detection and alignment analysis module is signal-connected to the audible and visual reminder module and the control system of the resistance welding machine (001).

Images