Hydrogel and foam framework material composite interface evaporator and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photo-thermal interface evaporation, and discloses a hydrogel and foam framework material composite interface evaporator and a preparation method thereof, and the composite interface evaporator comprises an upper foam framework photo-thermal conversion layer and a lower water delivery thermal insulation layer formed by compounding closed-cell foam and hydrogel. Loading a photo-thermal conversion material on the surface of the metal oxide semiconductor with the foam skeleton structure in a magnetron sputtering manner; millimeter-scale array vertical holes are constructed in hydrophobic closed-cell foam, hydrophilic modification is conducted on the inner walls of the vertical holes and the upper surface and the lower surface of the closed-cell foam through hydrogel, the hydrogel and closed-cell foam composite water conveying and heat insulation layer of an integral structure is formed, and the hydrogel is prepared through a circulating freeze thawing method and a saline soaking method. The composite interface evaporator constructed by the invention has an assembled structure, is convenient to replace, provides a new method and a new idea for design and performance improvement of the photo-thermal interface evaporator, and has a certain application prospect in the field of seawater desalination.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of photothermal interface evaporation, and in particular relates to a hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, researchers have proposed using photothermal interfacial evaporation technology to localize the heat of photothermal conversion materials at the air-water interface. This not only increases the temperature of the photothermal interface, but also avoids the significant heat loss caused by bottom heating and volumetric heating, thereby increasing the evaporation rate of the interfacial evaporator. Therefore, photothermal interfacial evaporation is an environmentally friendly, efficient and clean method for desalination of seawater.

[0003] At present, existing technologies use semiconductors, plasma metals, carbon-based materials and polymer materials as photothermal conversion materials. To ensure that the interface evaporator floats on the water surface, lightweight foam is often used to achieve thermal insulation and self-floating effects, thereby achieving a thermal localization effect. For example, Chinese patent CN117585750A discloses a method for preparing a compound photothermal interface evaporator, which is composed of a nanotube deposition layer for upper light absorption and a concave soil composite hydrogel layer for lower water transmission. Homogeneous non-woven fabrics of different thicknesses are used as a three-dimensional network support for the nanotube deposition and concave soil hydrogel. 1000W / m 2 The evaporation rate under the light intensity of 2.92kg / m 2 However, existing technologies struggle to simultaneously address the thermal insulation, water transport, self-floating, and salt resistance performance of interfacial evaporators. For example, foam materials with excellent water transport properties have poor thermal insulation and struggle to ensure self-floating properties in practical applications. Nanoscale porous structures offer excellent water transport, but the tortuosity of the porous structure is difficult to control during preparation. The higher the tortuosity, the lower the water transport rate and the greater the likelihood of salt particle crystallization and blockage, making long-term stability impossible to guarantee. Some polymer materials offer excellent photothermal effects but are prone to microbial growth, which not only reduces the evaporation rate but also degrades water quality. These factors can reduce the performance and service life of interfacial evaporators.

[0004] Although existing technologies have made a series of advances in solar thermal conversion materials and interface evaporation structures, considering the actual usage scenarios of photothermal interface evaporators, in order to improve the evaporation rate and stability of the interface evaporator, it is necessary to take into account the performance of thermal insulation, water transport, self-floating, salt resistance, etc., and maximize the water production rate through multi-faceted balance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, take into account the requirements of heat insulation, water supply, self-floating, etc., and improve the salt resistance of the interface evaporator while increasing the evaporation rate.

[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solutions: A composite interface evaporator of hydrogel and foam skeleton material includes two parts: a foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer and a water transport and heat insulation layer. The water transport and heat insulation layer is composited by hydrogel and closed-cell foam. The closed-cell foam reduces the heat loss of the photothermal conversion layer to the water body, while achieving the self-floating effect of the composite interface evaporator. The closed-cell foam has an array of millimeter-level vertical channels, and its upper and lower surfaces and the inner surface of the channels all have a hydrogel structure to achieve surface hydrophilic modification, forming a hydrogel and closed-cell foam composite water transport and heat insulation layer. The constructed millimeter-level arrayed capillary water transport channels realize continuous water transport from bottom to top.

[0007] The foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer described in the present invention uses a metal oxide semiconductor as a matrix, and has a nanostructure containing silver and silicon on the surface. By compounding multiple inorganic photothermal materials to enhance the photothermal conversion effect, a foam skeleton layer with a micron-level porous structure is formed, which helps the photothermal conversion layer to fully transfer moisture by relying on its own capillary action, and at the same time facilitates the diffusion of steam outward through the pores, thereby increasing the evaporation rate of the interface evaporator.

[0008] Preferably, the foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer uses foam metal copper oxide as the photothermal layer substrate, which itself has excellent photothermal conversion effect and a pore density of 80~130PPI. If the pore density is too low, the diffusion rate in the water layer will be reduced. If the pore density is too high, the self-floating effect of the interface evaporator will be reduced.

[0009] The water-transport and heat-insulating layer of the present invention is constructed by constructing vertical through-holes in closed-cell foam and performing hydrophilic modification on the inner walls of the vertical holes and the upper and lower surfaces of the closed-cell foam to improve the capillary effect. The water-transport and heat-insulating layer includes three layers: the upper and lower layers are hydrogel layers with millimeter-level array small holes, the middle layer is a closed-cell foam layer with millimeter-level array large holes, the interior of the middle layer pores is a hydrogel hollow cylinder with array small holes, and forms an integral structure with the upper and lower layers of hydrogel, thereby constructing vertical capillary water-transport pores that pass through from top to bottom, realizing the transmission of water from bottom to top. The density of the capillary pores can be adjusted within a certain range, and by matching the pore density of the foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer, the evaporation rate of the composite interface evaporator can be improved.

[0010] Preferably, the water insulation layer uses polymethacrylimide (PMI) closed-cell foam as the insulation material, with a thickness of 5-20 mm and a density of 20-60 kg / m 3The thermal conductivity is 0.02~0.06W / m·K, the compressive strength is 0.2~3MPa, the inner diameter of the vertical channels arranged in the array in the PMI foam is 1.5~3mm, the channel length is the same as the thickness of the closed-cell foam, and the pore density is 100~500 pores / m 2 , which is conducive to achieving good self-floating and thermal insulation properties.

[0011] Preferably, the water transfer and heat insulation layer uses PVA hydrogel as the hydrophilic wall surface, the thickness of the upper and lower layers of PVA hydrogel are both 0.5~3mm, and it has millimeter-level vertical channels arranged in an array, the inner diameter of the channels is 0.5~1.5mm, and the arrangement method is the same as that of PMI closed-cell foam. The middle part is a PVA hydrogel hollow cylinder array, and the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder is the same as the channel of the upper and lower PVA hydrogel layers. The above three parts are an integral structure, thereby forming a hydrophilic wall structure on the upper and lower surfaces of the closed-cell foam and inside the channels.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the composite interface evaporator as described above, comprising the following steps: (1) Millimeter-scale vertical channels are arranged in an array inside the closed-cell foam through a punching die, and the channels vertically penetrate the upper and lower surfaces of the foam.

[0013] Preferably, the closed-cell foam is PMI foam, which is hydrophobic, has a thickness of 5 to 20 mm, and a density of 20 to 60 kg / m 3 , thermal conductivity is 0.02~0.06W / m·K, compressive strength is 0.2~3MPa, vertical channel inner diameter is 1.5~3mm, channel length is the same as closed cell foam thickness, pore density is 100~500 pores / m 2 .

[0014] (2) Add the hydrogel monomer into deionized water, heat and stir with a magnetic stirrer until it is completely dissolved, and let the obtained aqueous solution stand at room temperature for degassing to obtain a uniform and transparent solution.

[0015] Preferably, the hydrogel monomer is PVA powder with an alcoholysis degree of 98-99% (mol / mol), a polymerization degree of 1700, a mass ratio of PVA powder to deionized water of 1:9, a heating temperature of 95°C, and a 10 wt% PVA aqueous solution.

[0016] (3) The prepared aqueous solution is poured into a mold with an array cylindrical structure. The cylindrical array is the same as the closed-cell foam punching mold, and the outer diameter of the cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the closed-cell foam pore. The drilled closed-cell foam is placed in the mold, and the aqueous solution is poured from the bottom to the top of the closed-cell foam by pressing, thereby filling the upper and lower surfaces of the foam and its interior with the aqueous solution. The mold containing the aqueous solution and closed-cell foam is placed in a freezer and frozen for a period of time, then taken out and melted, and the aqueous solution is gelled by a cyclic freeze-thaw method. After demolding, it is immersed in a certain concentration of NaCl aqueous solution to improve the structural stability of the water-transporting and heat-insulating layer, thereby preparing a water-transporting and heat-insulating layer.

[0017] Preferably, the freezing temperature in the above-mentioned freeze-thaw cycle process is -50~-20°C, the freezing time is 12~24 hours, the thawing time at room temperature is 3~6 hours, and the freeze-thaw cycle is 3~4 times.

[0018] Preferably, the concentration of the NaCl aqueous solution is 3.5-20 wt %, and the soaking time is 0.5-2 h.

[0019] (4) Silver is plated on the surface of the foamed metal oxide by magnetron sputtering and then heat treated, and then silicon is plated on the surface to obtain a foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer containing a variety of photothermal conversion materials.

[0020] Preferably, the foamed metal oxide has a pore density of 80-130 PPI and a thickness of 1-5 mm.

[0021] Preferably, in the above magnetron sputtering silver plating process, the sputtering power is 30-80 W, the working pressure is 0.2-1 Pa, the sputtering time is 5-30 min, the annealing temperature is 200-300° C., and the annealing time is 0.5-3 h.

[0022] Preferably, the sputtering power in the above magnetron sputtering silicon coating process is 100-160 W, the working gas pressure is 0.2-2 Pa, and the sputtering time is 30-120 min.

[0023] (5) The prepared foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer is immersed in a 3.5-20 wt% NaCl aqueous solution, taken out and placed on the surface of the water transport insulation layer with the surface containing the silver and silicon nanostructures facing upward, and assembled to form the composite interface evaporator.

[0024] The present invention also provides the application of the composite interface evaporator in water evaporation and seawater desalination.

[0025] The composite interface evaporator proposed in the present invention consists of a foam skeleton light-to-heat conversion layer and a hydrogel and closed-cell foam composite water-transport and heat-insulating layer. Compared with the existing technology, it has the following advantages: (1) The foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer of the present invention has a variety of inorganic photothermal conversion materials, which can broaden the absorption range of the solar spectrum, enhance light absorption and photothermal conversion performance, and thus increase the photothermal conversion temperature. In addition, the foam skeleton photothermal layer has a micron-level porous structure, which helps it to fully diffuse and transfer water by utilizing its own capillary action, and at the same time makes it easy for the steam generated by the photothermal layer to diffuse outward through the pores, thereby increasing the evaporation rate of the interface evaporator.

[0026] (2) The water transport and heat insulation functions of the composite water transport and heat insulation layer of hydrogel and closed-cell foam described in the present invention are separated. The closed-cell foam has a low thermal conductivity and is hydrophobic, which is beneficial to reducing the heat loss from the photothermal layer to the water body and realizing the self-floating of the interface evaporator at the same time. The closed-cell foam is hydrophilic modified by using hydrogel, and the capillary effect is achieved through the vertical channels arranged in an array, ensuring that water can be continuously transported from bottom to top to the photothermal conversion layer. The vertical channels have low tortuosity and can shorten the downward migration path of salt ions, allowing them to circulate smoothly inside the interface evaporator, preventing the local salt ion concentration from being too high, thereby inhibiting the crystallization of salt on the evaporation surface. In addition, since the water transport and heat insulation layer is pore-formed by a mold, the capillary water transport rate can be flexibly controlled by adjusting the pore distribution density, thereby increasing the evaporation rate.

[0027] (3) The hydrogel and closed-cell foam composite water-transporting and heat-insulating layer of the present invention is prepared by a cyclic freeze-thaw method and then immersed in a NaCl aqueous solution of a certain concentration. This can not only improve the structural stability and mechanical properties of the hydrogel, but also increase the evaporation rate of the interface evaporator in salt water, thereby enhancing the salt resistance effect.

[0028] (4) The composite interface evaporator constructed by the present invention has an assembled structure and is easy to replace. It provides a new method and new idea for the design and performance improvement of the photothermal interface evaporator and has certain application prospects in the field of seawater desalination. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process for preparing a composite interface evaporator of hydrogel and foam skeleton material according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the mold structure for preparing a hydrogel and closed-cell foam composite water-transport and heat-insulating layer in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the water transfer and heat insulation layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a physical image and structural schematic diagram of the composite photothermal interface evaporator prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer; 2 is a hydrogel top layer with an array of vertical channels; 3 is a hydrogel hollow cylindrical structure arranged in an array; 4 is a hydrogel bottom layer with an array of vertical channels; 5 is a closed-cell foam with an array of vertical channels. Figure 5 This is an optical micrograph of the foam skeleton light-to-heat conversion layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an electron micrograph of the foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is the XRD test result diagram of the foam skeleton light-to-heat conversion layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 Graph showing contact angle test results of PMI closed-cell foam (a) and PVA hydrogel (b) in the water-transporting and heat-insulating layer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a graph showing the evaporation rate of pure water under one sun intensity, according to Example 1 of the present invention, Comparative Examples 1-5, and pure water; Figure 10 This is a graph showing the change in the mass of pure water over time under one sun intensity, for Example 1 of the present invention, Comparative Examples 1-5, and pure water; Figure 11 This is a graph showing the evaporation rate results of Example 1 of the present invention in NaCl aqueous solutions of different concentrations under one solar illumination intensity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The technical solutions and implementation methods of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples. Obviously, the examples are part of the examples of the present invention and are only used to help understand the present invention, and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] This embodiment provides an interfacial evaporator assembled from a foam skeleton light-to-heat conversion layer and a hydrogel and closed-cell foam composite water-transport and heat-insulating layer, and a preparation method thereof. The specific steps are as follows: (1) A copper foam with a size of 25×25×2 mm and a pore density of 130 PPI was placed in a muffle furnace for air atmosphere thermal oxidation treatment at a heating rate of 10 K / min, heated from room temperature to 900°C and then cooled to room temperature to prepare foamed copper oxide.

[0033] (2) Place the above-mentioned copper oxide foam in the magnetron sputtering chamber, turn on the mechanical pump and molecular pump to evacuate the chamber, and wait until the vacuum reaches 7.5×10 -3 Pa, adjusted the sputtering power to 50 W, the working gas pressure to 0.2 Pa, the argon flow rate to 10 ml / min, the sputtering time to 5 min, silver was plated on the surface of the foamed copper oxide, and then annealed at 200 ° C for 1 h.

[0034] (3) Silicon is continuously plated on the surface of the above-mentioned silver-plated foam copper oxide, and the vacuum degree is 7.5×10-3 Pa, the sputtering power is 150W, the working gas pressure is 0.2Pa, the argon flow rate is 10ml / min, the sputtering time is 30min, and then the sputtering power and working gas pressure are adjusted to 100W and 2Pa respectively, and the sputtering is continued for 10min to prepare the above-mentioned foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer.

[0035] (4) Pressing and forming pores on PMI closed-cell foam through a mold with an array cylindrical structure. The PMI foam size is 25×25×10mm and the density is 50kg / m 3 , thermal conductivity of 0.028W / m·K, and compressive strength of 0.8MPa, thereby constructing a 5×5 matrix of vertical channels with a pore diameter of 2mm, a channel length of 10mm, and 25 channels in number.

[0036] (5) 10 g of PVA particles with an alcoholysis degree of 98% (mol / mol) and a degree of polymerization of 1700 were added to a beaker containing deionized water. The mass ratio of PVA particles to deionized water was 1:9. The mixture was heated to 95 °C using a magnetic stirrer and stirred continuously until the PVA particles were completely dissolved to obtain a 10 wt% PVA aqueous solution. The obtained PVA aqueous solution was allowed to stand at room temperature for 3 h for degassing to obtain a uniform transparent solution.

[0037] (6) The 10 wt% PVA solution was poured into a mold with an array cylindrical structure. The mold was assembled by a bottom plate and four side plates through a mortise and tenon structure. The bottom plate had vertical cylinders arranged in a 5×5 matrix, which was the same as the array arrangement of the PMI foam pore-forming mold. The cylinder diameter was 1 mm and the height was 13 mm. The internal structure size of the assembled mold was 25×25×13 mm. The drilled PMI foam was placed in the mold. The PVA aqueous solution was poured from the bottom to the top of the PMI foam by pressing, and a 2 mm and 1 mm thick PVA aqueous solution layer was formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the PMI foam, respectively. The mold containing the PVA aqueous solution and closed-cell foam was placed in a -50°C freezer and frozen for 21 hours. It was then taken out and thawed at room temperature for 3 hours. After three freeze-thaw cycles, it was demolded and then immersed in a 10 wt% NaCl aqueous solution for 1 hour to obtain a water-transporting insulation layer.

[0038] (7) The foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer prepared above was immersed in a 10 wt% NaCl aqueous solution for 10 min. After being taken out, the surface with the silver and silicon nanostructures was placed upward on the surface of the water transport insulation layer to obtain the composite interface evaporator.

[0039] The evaporation rate of pure water in the composite interface evaporator under one sun intensity for 2 hours is 2.28 kg / m 2When the concentration of NaCl aqueous solution is 3.5wt%, 10wt% and 20wt%, the evaporation rate of the brine under one sun intensity for 2h is 1.96kg / m 2 h, 2.09kg / m 2 h and 2.15kg / m 2 ·h.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] Foamed copper oxide was prepared by the method of Reference Example 1.

[0042] The above foamed copper oxide was immersed in pure water and placed under a sunlight intensity of one sun for evaporation test. The evaporation rate under pure water conditions for 2 hours was 0.81 kg / m 2 ·h.

[0043] Comparative Example 2

[0044] A foam skeleton light-to-heat conversion layer was prepared by the method of Reference Example 1.

[0045] The foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer is immersed in pure water, and the evaporation rate of pure water after 2 hours of irradiation under the intensity of one sun is 0.85kg / m 2 ·h.

[0046] Comparative Example 3

[0047] The foamed copper oxide was prepared by the method of Example 1. The foamed copper oxide was placed in a container with a size of 25×25×25 mm and a density of 34 kg / m 3 An interfacial evaporator was prepared on a melamine sponge.

[0048] The evaporation rate of pure water in the above interface evaporator under the illumination intensity of one sun for 2 hours is 1.74 kg / m 2 ·h.

[0049] Comparative Example 4

[0050] The copper oxide foam and the water supply and heat insulation layer were prepared by the method of Reference Example 1. The copper oxide foam was placed on the water supply and heat insulation layer to prepare an interface evaporator.

[0051] The evaporation rate of pure water in the interface evaporator under the illumination intensity of one sun for 2 hours is 1.77 kg / m 2 ·h.

[0052] Comparative Example 5

[0053] The foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer was prepared by referring to the method of Example 1. The foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer was placed on a plate with a size of 25×25×25 mm and a density of 34 kg / m 3An interfacial evaporator was prepared on a melamine sponge.

[0054] The evaporation rate of pure water in the interface evaporator under the illumination intensity of one sun for 2 hours is 1.77 kg / m 2 ·h.

[0055] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator, characterized in that: The composite photothermal interface evaporator includes two parts: a photothermal conversion layer and a water transfer and heat insulation layer; the photothermal conversion layer has a foam skeleton structure and is loaded with photothermal conversion material on its surface; the water transfer and heat insulation layer is an integral structure formed by a hydrogel composited on the upper and lower surfaces of a closed-cell foam having an array-arranged millimeter-scale vertical pore structure and the inner surface of the vertical pores; the water transfer and heat insulation layer has an array-arranged millimeter-scale vertical capillary pores that penetrate the upper and lower surfaces.

2. The hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the millimeter-scale vertical pores of the closed-cell foam is 1.5-3 mm, and the pore density is 100-500 pores / m 2 .

3. The hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the hydrogel on the upper and lower surfaces of the closed-cell foam is 0.5-3 mm, and the thickness of the hydrogel on the inner wall of the vertical pores of the closed-cell foam is 0.5-1.5 mm.

4. The hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the water transmission and heat insulation layer specifically comprises the following steps: S1. A millimeter-scale array of pores is constructed inside the closed-cell foam by drilling a die with an array cylindrical structure, the pores running vertically through the upper and lower surfaces of the closed-cell foam; S2. Pour the hydrogel monomer aqueous solution into a mold having an array of cylindrical structures. The cylindrical array matches the closed-cell foam pore array. The outer diameter of the cylinder is smaller than the inner diameter of the closed-cell foam pores. The drilled closed-cell foam is placed in the mold. Pressing is performed to cause the hydrogel monomer aqueous solution to pour from the bottom to the top of the closed-cell foam, filling the upper and lower surfaces of the closed-cell foam and the inner walls of the pores. S3. Place the mold containing the hydrogel monomer aqueous solution and closed-cell foam in a -50 to -20°C freezer and freeze for 12 to 24 hours. Then take it out and thaw it at room temperature for 3 to 6 hours. Repeat the freeze-thaw cycle 3 to 4 times and demold it to obtain a water-transporting insulation layer.

5. The hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The closed-cell foam described in step S1 is hydrophobic, has a thickness of 5 to 20 mm, and a density of 20 to 60 kg / m 3 , thermal conductivity is 0.02~0.06W / m·K, and compressive strength is 0.2~3MPa.

6. The hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photothermal conversion layer is based on a metal oxide semiconductor with a foam skeleton structure, with a pore density of 80-130 PPI. Nanostructures containing silver and silicon are introduced by magnetron sputtering, and the foam skeleton photothermal conversion layer formed has a micron-scale porous structure.

7. The hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The metal oxide semiconductor with a foam skeleton structure is foamed copper oxide, and its pore density is 80-130 PPI.

8. The hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for preparing the light-heat conversion layer comprises the following steps: silver is plated on the surface of the foamed metal oxide by magnetron sputtering, followed by heat treatment, and silicon is plated on the surface to prepare the foam skeleton light-heat conversion layer.

9. The hydrogel and foam skeleton material composite interface evaporator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photothermal conversion layer and the water transport insulation layer were respectively placed in a 3.5-20wt% NaCl aqueous solution and soaked for 0.5-2h, and then the photothermal conversion layer was assembled on the surface of the water transport insulation layer to obtain a composite interface evaporator.

10. Use of the composite evaporator according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in water evaporation and seawater desalination.

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