Energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cables. The energy-saving cable sheath material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 30-50 parts of a plasticizer, 3-5 parts of a composite stabilizer, 20-40 parts of silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride, 0.5-2 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.3-1 part of nano cerium oxide and 0.5-1 part of a lubricant. The preparation method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing carbon nanotubes and nano cerium oxide through a pulverizer to obtain a composite dispersed filler; then adding PVC resin, a plasticizer, a composite stabilizer, a lubricant, silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride and a composite dispersed filler into the internal mixer in sequence, and carrying out internal mixing to obtain a PVC mixture; and finally, transferring the PVC mixture to an extruder, and carrying out extrusion molding under the assistance of an electric field to obtain the energy-saving cable sheath material. According to the cable sheath material provided by the invention, by adding CeO2, modified AIN and CNT, the heat dissipation performance and mechanical performance of a cable can be greatly improved, and the hardening damage speed of the material is slowed down, so that the service life of the cable is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of cables, and in particular relates to an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cable sheaths, a key structural layer of cables, are widely used in power transmission and communications. Their primary function is to protect the conductor and insulation layer within the cable from mechanical damage, chemical corrosion, and environmental impacts. Traditional cable sheath materials are mostly polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE).

[0003] While these materials possess excellent electrical insulation and mechanical properties, they suffer from shortcomings in energy efficiency and environmental performance. PVC production requires the addition of large amounts of plasticizers, which can migrate out, causing the material to harden and exacerbate dielectric loss. Its inherent thermal conductivity is extremely low (only 0.15–0.2 W / m·K), preventing the effective dissipation of heat from the conductor during cable operation. Heat accumulation leads to line losses as high as 5-8%. Improving heat dissipation performance through the addition of highly conductive fillers such as alumina can lead to reduced material flexibility, resulting in a dramatic drop in elongation at break exceeding 40%, making it difficult to meet the bending test requirements for flexible cable products. Consequently, the cable faces a dilemma of balancing flexibility with energy conservation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy, comprising the following preparation steps: S1: mixing carbon nanotubes and nano-cerium oxide through a grinder to obtain a composite dispersed filler; S2: adding PVC resin, plasticizer, composite stabilizer, lubricant, silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, and composite dispersed filler obtained in S1 to an internal mixer in sequence, and obtaining a PVC mixture after internal mixing; S3: The PVC mixture obtained in S2 is transferred to an extruder, and the energy-saving cable sheath material is obtained by electric field-assisted extrusion molding; wherein a pulsed electric field with a frequency of 0.8-1.2 kHz and a field strength of 6-10 kV / mm is applied to the die head of the extruder.

[0006] It should be noted that the present invention applies a high-frequency pulsed electric field at the extruder die head, utilizes the difference in dielectric constants between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the PVC matrix, excites a strong electric dipole moment under the pulse field gradient, and matches the CNT polarization relaxation characteristic frequency (1kHz) to achieve efficient orientation, so that the CNTs can be oriented along the cable axis during the extrusion process. This orientation helps to improve the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and thermal stability of the composite material.

[0007] In some embodiments, the silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride is prepared by the following steps: ball-milling aluminum nitride and a silane coupling agent in a solvent, and drying the resultant.

[0008] In some embodiments, the solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone; and the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH-550 and KH-792.

[0009] In some embodiments, the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 5-6:1, the ball milling speed is 600-1000 rpm, and the drying temperature is 50-70°C.

[0010] In some embodiments, the plasticizer is selected from at least one of DOTP and GPO; the composite stabilizer is a Ca / Zn composite stabilizer; and the lubricant is selected from at least one of PE wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, and stearyl alcohol.

[0011] In some embodiments, the crusher pressure is 0.7-0.9 MPa; the internal mixer temperature is: 110-130°C in the first stage, 130-150°C in the second stage, and 145-165°C in the third stage; the internal mixer time is 6-10 min; and the internal mixer rotor speed is 35-45 rpm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the extruder is a twin-screw extruder, and the temperature of the twin-screw extruder is: 150-170°C in the first zone, 155-175°C in the second zone, 160-180°C in the third zone, 155-175°C in the fourth zone, and 150-170°C in the fifth zone.

[0013] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy, which includes the following components by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 30-50 parts of plasticizer, 3-5 parts of composite stabilizer, 20-40 parts of silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride, 0.5-2 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.3-1 parts of nano-cerium oxide, and 0.5-1 parts of lubricant.

[0014] In some embodiments, the following components are included, by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 35-45 parts of plasticizer, 3.5-4.5 parts of composite stabilizer, 25-35 parts of silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride, 1-1.5 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.4-0.8 parts of nano-cerium oxide, and 0.6-0.9 parts of lubricant.

[0015] In some embodiments, the following components are included, by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 40 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of composite stabilizer, 30 parts of silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, 1.2 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.5 parts of nano-cerium oxide, and 0.8 parts of lubricant.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention creatively adds nano cerium oxide CeO2, silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride AIN and carbon nanotubes CNT into the energy-saving cable sheath material. 3+ 、Ce 4+ By accelerating electron transitions through redox pairs and reducing carrier scattering, Joule heating can be effectively reduced; modified AlN provides the main phonon heat conduction path, and CNT forms an electron-assisted heat dissipation channel, and the two complement and synergize to conduct heat. In addition, the chemical bonding between silanized AlN and the PVC matrix can enhance the interfacial binding energy, and the pulsed electric field makes the CNT axial-radial thermal conductivity ratio reach 8:1, greatly improving the heat dissipation performance of the material.

[0017] The energy-saving cable sheath material provided by the present invention has excellent heat dissipation, thermal conductivity and good mechanical properties. CeO2 catalyzes electron transitions and forms a quantum-level synergistic effect of AlN-CNT dual network thermal conductivity, which can effectively dissipate the conductor heat during cable operation, greatly reducing the cable line loss rate while effectively improving the charging efficiency of the cable; the chemical bonding interface formed by the silane coupling agent-modified AlN and the PVC polar group, and the pulsed electric field directionally aligning the CNTs, reduce the hardening caused by plasticizer migration, slow down the hardening damage rate of the material, and extend the service life of the cable. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0019] Example 1 The invention discloses an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC (SG-5) resin, 40 parts of plasticizer DOTP, 4 parts of Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, 30 parts of silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, 1.2 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.5 parts of nano-cerium oxide, and 0.8 parts of PE wax.

[0020] The silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride is prepared by the following steps: aluminum nitride and silane coupling agent KH-550 are placed in ethanol, ball milled, and dried; the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 5:1, the ball milling speed is 800 rpm; and the drying temperature is 60°C.

[0021] The above-mentioned energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy is prepared by the following steps: S1: adding carbon nanotubes and nano-cerium oxide into a high-speed airflow mill, and crushing and mixing them at a crushing pressure of 0.8 MPa to obtain a composite dispersed filler; S2: PVC resin, plasticizer DOTP, Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, PE wax, silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, and the composite dispersed filler obtained in S1 were sequentially added to an internal mixer and kneaded for 8 minutes to obtain a PVC mixture. The internal mixer temperature was 120°C in the first stage, 140°C in the second stage, and 155°C in the third stage. The rotor speed of the internal mixer was 40 rpm. S3: The PVC mixture obtained in S2 is transferred to a twin-screw extruder, and the energy-saving cable sheath material is obtained by electric field-assisted extrusion molding; wherein, a pulsed electric field with a frequency of 1 kHz and a field strength of 8 kV / mm is applied to the extruder die head; the temperatures of the twin-screw extruder are: 160°C in the first zone, 165°C in the second zone, 170°C in the third zone, 165°C in the fourth zone, and 160°C in the fifth zone.

[0022] Example 2 An energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy includes the following components, calculated by weight: 100 parts of PVC (SG-5) resin, 45 parts of plasticizer GPO, 4.5 parts of Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, 35 parts of silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, 1.5 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.8 parts of nano-cerium oxide, and 0.9 parts of oxidized polyethylene wax.

[0023] The silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride is prepared by the following steps: aluminum nitride and silane coupling agent KH-792 are placed in isopropyl alcohol, ball milled, and dried; the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 6:1, the ball milling speed is 900 rpm; and the drying temperature is 65°C.

[0024] The above-mentioned energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy is prepared by the following steps: S1: adding carbon nanotubes and nano-cerium oxide into a high-speed airflow mill, and crushing and mixing them at a crushing pressure of 0.85 MPa to obtain a composite dispersed filler; S2: PVC resin, plasticizer GPO, Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, oxidized polyethylene wax, silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, and the composite dispersed filler obtained in S1 were sequentially added to an internal mixer and kneaded for 9 minutes to obtain a PVC mixture. The internal mixer temperatures were: 125°C in the first stage, 145°C in the second stage, and 160°C in the third stage. The rotor speed of the internal mixer was 45 rpm. S3: The PVC mixture obtained in S2 is transferred to a twin-screw extruder, and the energy-saving cable sheath material is obtained by electric field-assisted extrusion molding; wherein, a pulsed electric field with a frequency of 1.2 kHz and a field strength of 9 kV / mm is applied to the extruder die head; the temperatures of the twin-screw extruder are: 165°C in the first zone, 170°C in the second zone, 175°C in the third zone, 170°C in the fourth zone, and 165°C in the fifth zone.

[0025] Example 3 The invention discloses an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC (SG-5) resin, 35 parts of plasticizer DOTP, 3.5 parts of Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, 25 parts of silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, 1 part of carbon nanotubes, 0.4 parts of nano-cerium oxide, and 0.6 parts of stearyl alcohol.

[0026] The silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride is prepared by the following steps: aluminum nitride and silane coupling agent KH-550 are placed in acetone and ball milled, and then dried; the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 5:1, the ball milling speed is 700 rpm; and the drying temperature is 55°C.

[0027] The above-mentioned energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy is prepared by the following steps: S1: adding carbon nanotubes and nano-cerium oxide into a high-speed airflow mill, and crushing and mixing them at a crushing pressure of 0.7-0.9 MPa to obtain a composite dispersed filler; S2: PVC resin, plasticizer DOTP, Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, stearyl alcohol, silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, and the composite dispersed filler obtained in S1 were sequentially added to an internal mixer and kneaded for 7 minutes to obtain a PVC mixture. The internal mixer temperature was 115°C in the first stage, 135°C in the second stage, and 150°C in the third stage. The rotor speed of the internal mixer was 35 rpm. S3: The PVC mixture obtained in S2 is transferred to a twin-screw extruder, and the energy-saving cable sheath material is obtained by electric field-assisted extrusion molding; wherein, a pulsed electric field with a frequency of 0.9 kHz and a field strength of 7 kV / mm is applied to the extruder die head; the temperatures of the twin-screw extruder are: 155°C in the first zone, 160°C in the second zone, 165°C in the third zone, 160°C in the fourth zone, and 155°C in the fifth zone.

[0028] Example 4 The invention discloses an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC (SG-5) resin, 30 parts of plasticizer DOTP, 3 parts of Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, 20 parts of silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, 0.5 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.3 parts of nano-cerium oxide, and 0.5 parts of PE wax.

[0029] The silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride is prepared by the following steps: aluminum nitride and silane coupling agent KH-550 are placed in ethanol and ball milled, and then dried; the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 5:1, the ball milling speed is 600 rpm; and the drying temperature is 50°C.

[0030] The above-mentioned energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy is prepared by the following steps: S1: adding carbon nanotubes and nano-cerium oxide into a high-speed airflow mill, and crushing and mixing them at a crushing pressure of 0.7 MPa to obtain a composite dispersed filler; S2: PVC resin, plasticizer DOTP, Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, PE wax, silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, and the composite dispersed filler obtained in S1 were sequentially added to an internal mixer and kneaded for 6 minutes to obtain a PVC mixture. The internal mixer temperature was 110°C in the first stage, 130°C in the second stage, and 145°C in the third stage. The rotor speed of the internal mixer was 35 rpm. S3: The PVC mixture obtained in S2 is transferred to a twin-screw extruder, and the energy-saving cable sheath material is obtained by electric field-assisted extrusion molding; wherein, a pulsed electric field with a frequency of 0.8 kHz and a field strength of 6 kV / mm is applied to the extruder die head; the temperatures of the twin-screw extruder are: 150°C in the first zone, 155°C in the second zone, 160°C in the third zone, 155°C in the fourth zone, and 150°C in the fifth zone.

[0031] Example 5 The invention discloses an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC (SG-5) resin, 50 parts of plasticizer DOTP, 5 parts of Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, 40 parts of silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride, 2 parts of carbon nanotubes, 1 part of nano-cerium oxide, and 1 part of PE wax.

[0032] The silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride is prepared by the following steps: aluminum nitride and silane coupling agent KH-550 are placed in ethanol and ball milled, and then dried; the ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 6:1, the ball milling speed is 1000 rpm; and the drying temperature is 70°C.

[0033] The above-mentioned energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy is prepared by the following steps: S1: adding carbon nanotubes and nano-cerium oxide into a high-speed airflow mill, and crushing and mixing them at a crushing pressure of 0.9 MPa to obtain a composite dispersed filler; S2: PVC resin, plasticizer DOTP, Ca / Zn composite stabilizer, PE wax, silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, and the composite dispersed filler obtained in S1 were sequentially added to an internal mixer and kneaded for 10 min to obtain a PVC mixture. The internal mixer temperature was 130°C in the first stage, 150°C in the second stage, and 165°C in the third stage. The rotor speed of the internal mixer was 45 rpm. S3: The PVC mixture obtained in S2 is transferred to a twin-screw extruder, and the energy-saving cable sheath material is obtained by electric field-assisted extrusion molding; wherein, a pulsed electric field with a frequency of 1.2 kHz and a field strength of 10 kV / mm is applied to the extruder die head; the temperatures of the twin-screw extruder are: 170°C in the first zone, 175°C in the second zone, 180°C in the third zone, 175°C in the fourth zone, and 170°C in the fifth zone.

[0034] Comparative Example 1 The method is basically the same as Example 1, with the only difference being that the extruder die does not apply a pulse electric field.

[0035] Comparative Example 2 The method is basically the same as Example 1, with the only difference being that nano-cerium oxide is not added and the amount of nano-cerium oxide used is superimposed on the carbon nanotubes.

[0036] Comparative Example 3 The process is basically the same as Example 1, except that the silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride is replaced with the same amount of spherical silicon oxide.

[0037] To demonstrate the excellent heat dissipation and thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and ability to slow cable aging of the energy-saving cable sheath material provided by the present invention, performance tests were conducted on the cable sheath material provided by the present invention. Table 1 shows the performance test results of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3; Table 2 shows the relationship between tensile strength and aging time.

[0038] Tensile strength test method: refer to national standard GB / T 1040.1-2018.

[0039] Bending performance test method: refer to national standard GB / T 9341-2008.

[0040] Thermal conductivity test method: refer to national standard GB / T 3399-1982.

[0041] Charging efficiency test method: The energy-saving cable sheath material provided by the present invention is coated on a simulated wire core, and the charging efficiency is tested under the conditions of a 120kW DC fast charging pile, a working current of 200A, and an ambient temperature of -40℃~125℃.

[0042] Table 1 Table 2 Combining Tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the energy-saving cable sheath material provided by the present invention has excellent thermal conductivity, can accelerate the heat dissipation of the conductor, thereby slowing the aging of the cable. In addition, the fast heat dissipation can also indirectly improve the charging efficiency of the cable. In Comparative Example 1, since the pulsed electric field was not applied, the CNTs could not be oriented, thereby reducing the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity and heat dissipation capabilities of the cable sheath material, further reducing the charging efficiency of the cable; Comparative Example 2 did not add CeO2, and Comparative Example 3 replaced the modified AIN with silicon oxide, which could not form a synergistic heat dissipation network with the CNTs. As a result, the cable sheath materials prepared in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 performed poorly in terms of thermal conductivity and heat dissipation, thereby accelerating the aging of the cable.

[0043] The above are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: S1: mixing carbon nanotubes and nano-cerium oxide through a grinder to obtain a composite dispersed filler; S2: adding PVC resin, plasticizer, composite stabilizer, lubricant, silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, and composite dispersed filler obtained in S1 to an internal mixer in sequence, and obtaining a PVC mixture after internal mixing; S3: The PVC mixture obtained in S2 is transferred to an extruder, and the energy-saving cable sheath material is obtained by electric field-assisted extrusion molding; wherein a pulsed electric field with a frequency of 0.8-1.2 kHz and a field strength of 6-10 kV / mm is applied to the die head of the extruder.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride is prepared by the following steps: aluminum nitride and a silane coupling agent are placed in a solvent, ball-milled, and dried.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that The solvent is selected from at least one of ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone; and the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of KH-550 and KH-792.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that The ball-to-material ratio during ball milling is 5-6:1, the ball milling speed is 600-1000 rpm, and the drying temperature is 50-70°C.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plasticizer is selected from at least one of DOTP and GPO; the composite stabilizer is a Ca / Zn composite stabilizer; and the lubricant is selected from at least one of PE wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, and stearyl alcohol.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The crusher pressure is 0.7-0.9 MPa; the mixer temperature is: 110-130°C in the first stage, 130-150°C in the second stage, and 145-165°C in the third stage; the mixer time is 6-10 minutes; and the mixer rotor speed is 35-45 rpm.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The extruder is a twin-screw extruder, and the temperature of the twin-screw extruder is: 150-170°C in the first zone, 155-175°C in the second zone, 160-180°C in the third zone, 155-175°C in the fourth zone, and 150-170°C in the fifth zone.

8. An energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 30-50 parts of plasticizer, 3-5 parts of composite stabilizer, 20-40 parts of silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride, 0.5-2 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.3-1 parts of nano cerium oxide and 0.5-1 parts of lubricant.

9. The energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy according to claim 8, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 35-45 parts of plasticizer, 3.5-4.5 parts of composite stabilizer, 25-35 parts of silane coupling agent modified aluminum nitride, 1-1.5 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.4-0.8 parts of nano cerium oxide and 0.6-0.9 parts of lubricant.

10. The energy-saving cable sheath material based on catalytic synergy according to claim 9, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of PVC resin, 40 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of composite stabilizer, 30 parts of silane coupling agent-modified aluminum nitride, 1.2 parts of carbon nanotubes, 0.5 parts of nano-cerium oxide, and 0.8 parts of lubricant.

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