Heat-insulating flame-retardant coating and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating and a preparation method thereof. The heat-insulating and flame-retardant coating is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 60 parts of acrylic emulsion, 5 to 20 parts of silicon dioxide aerogel, 0.1 to 1 part of reinforced fiber, 5 to 20 parts of hollow glass beads, 2 to 5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.5 to 5 parts of flame retardant, 1 to 3 parts of coalescing agent, 0.5 to 2 parts of dispersing agent, 0.1 to 0.5 part of anti-settling agent, 0.1 to 0.5 part of defoaming agent, 0.1 to 2 parts of thickening agent and 30 to 60 parts of deionized water. According to the heat-insulating and flame-retardant coating, acrylic emulsion serves as a main film-forming base material, silicon dioxide aerogel and hollow glass beads with low heat conductivity coefficients serve as main heat-insulating materials, titanium dioxide serves as a reflecting material, and the purpose of efficient heat insulation is achieved through the synergistic effect of various functional auxiliaries; the flame retardant compounded by carborane and POSS is introduced, so that the flame retardance and high temperature resistance of the coating can be enhanced, and the coating can be ensured to have relatively good mechanical strength and wear resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal insulation coatings, and in particular to a thermal insulation flame retardant coating and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In shipbuilding, thermal insulation systems are crucial for ensuring cabin environmental stability, energy efficiency, and safe equipment operation. Internal bulkheads, decks, cold storage, and high-temperature piping require insulation materials to effectively block external heat. This prevents significant temperature fluctuations within the cabin due to environmental influences. Condensation accumulation caused by temperature fluctuations must also be prevented to extend the service life of the cabin structure and equipment.

[0003] Traditional ship insulation materials often use inorganic fiber products such as rock wool, glass wool, or mineral wool. Their thermal insulation performance relies on the material's inherent low thermal conductivity. However, these materials have significant limitations in practical applications: to meet insulation requirements, the coating thickness typically needs to reach 25 to 50 mm, significantly increasing system weight and contradicting the trend of lightweight ship design. Furthermore, traditional materials require anchoring during installation, which can easily form thermal bridges at joints, exacerbating the risk of condensation. Furthermore, the anchoring process is complex and inefficient.

[0004] To address these issues, inorganic fiber spraying technology has been gradually adopted for marine insulation applications. This technology forms a continuous insulation layer through on-site spraying, reducing thermal bridging and simplifying the construction process. However, its long curing cycle and high surface roughness make it difficult to meet the smoothness requirements of marine interiors, limiting its application in precision cabins and areas with high aesthetic requirements.

[0005] In recent years, thermal insulation coatings, as a new type of functional material, have provided new ideas for thermal insulation technology by changing the material form and construction method. This type of coating is sprayed or roller-coated on the surface of the substrate in liquid form. After curing, it forms a thin layer of thermal insulation structure with a thickness of only 2 to 8 mm, which significantly reduces the weight of the system and is particularly suitable for areas with confined space inside ships. Existing thermal insulation coatings mostly achieve the reflection of near-infrared radiation and the suppression of heat conduction by adding high-reflectivity fillers (such as titanium dioxide, glass beads, etc.) or low-thermal conductivity components. They have been applied in engineering applications in areas such as building exterior walls and roofs.

[0006] However, ship insulation scenarios have unique technical requirements: internal bulkheads need to resist both heat penetration from the external environment and thermal radiation from equipment inside the cabin, high-temperature pipes need to withstand high-temperature conditions for a long time, and materials need to meet the stringent standards of ship regulations for safety performance such as fire resistance, salt spray resistance, and low smoke toxicity. Existing thermal insulation coatings mostly focus on the reflective insulation mechanism in the construction field and have not yet fully adapted to the comprehensive performance requirements under the complex working conditions inside ship cabins. Therefore, the development of a new type of thermal insulation coating that takes into account high-efficiency thermal insulation, lightweight, easy construction and ship-specific safety performance is of great significance to promoting the upgrading of ship insulation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation flame retardant coating and a preparation method thereof. Through the synergistic effect of silica aerogel and hollow glass microspheres, a multi-level solid-state heat conduction blocking structure is constructed, which significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the coating and achieves efficient thermal insulation.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned and other related purposes, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0009] 20-60 parts of acrylic emulsion, 5-20 parts of silica aerogel, 0.1-1 part of reinforcing fiber, 5-20 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 2-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.5-5 parts of flame retardant, 1-3 parts of film-forming aid, 0.5-2 parts of dispersant, 0.1-0.5 parts of anti-settling agent, 0.1-0.5 parts of defoaming agent, 0.1-2 parts of thickener, and 30-60 parts of deionized water.

[0010] Optionally, the silica aerogel has a size of 1 nm to 50 nm, a porosity of 80% to 99.8%, and a thermal conductivity of 0.013 W / (mk) to 0.03 W / (mk).

[0011] Optionally, the size of the hollow glass microspheres is between 10 μm and 120 μm, the thermal conductivity is between 0.04 W / (mk) and 0.1 W / (mk), and the density is between 0.15 g / cm 3 ~0.6g / cm 3 .

[0012] Optionally, the titanium dioxide is rutile and has a size between 50 nm and 200 nm.

[0013] Optionally, the film-forming aid is selected from propylene glycol, the dispersant is selected from nonionic dispersants, the anti-settling agent is selected from magnesium aluminum silicate, the defoamer is selected from polyether-modified silicone emulsion defoamer, and the thickener is selected from hydroxymethyl cellulose.

[0014] Optionally, the nonionic dispersant is selected from polyoxyethylene stearyl ether.

[0015] Optionally, the length of the reinforcing fiber is between 3 mm and 6 mm, and the reinforcing fiber is selected from one or more of ceramic fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, acrylonitrile fiber, PBO fiber and PIPD fiber.

[0016] Optionally, the method for preparing the flame retardant comprises the following steps:

[0017] After surface activation treatment of carborane and POSS using a plasma instrument, they were added to anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 5 to 30 minutes.

[0018] Add silane coupling agent, add hydrochloric acid dropwise, and stir the reaction at 30℃~90℃ for 5h~24h;

[0019] After filtering and drying, the flame retardant is obtained;

[0020] The mass ratio of the carborane, the POSS, the anhydrous ethanol, the silane coupling agent and the hydrochloric acid is (1-4): (1-5): (30-100): (2-20): (4-25).

[0021] Optionally, the silane coupling agent is selected from γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; and the POSS is selected from one or more of amino POSS, alkyl POSS, aryl POSS and carboxyl POSS.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following steps:

[0023] Deionized water, a dispersant, and a defoamer are added to a container and stirred to obtain a mixed material;

[0024] Slowly adding titanium dioxide, an anti-settling agent, a flame retardant, and reinforcing fibers to the mixture, stirring after ultrasonic vibration to obtain a uniformly dispersed first slurry;

[0025] adding silica aerogel, hollow glass microspheres and acrylic emulsion to the first slurry, stirring and dispersing, to obtain a second slurry;

[0026] After adding a defoaming agent and a film-forming aid to the second slurry, stirring, and adding a thickener to adjust the viscosity to 50KU to 300KU, a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating is obtained.

[0027] As described above, the heat-insulating flame-retardant coating and preparation method thereof of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating provided by the application adopts water-soluble formula, is nontoxic and harmless, and VOC emission is extremely low, meets green manufacturing and construction safety requirements, and is applicable to the environmentally friendly coating of confined spaces (such as ship cabins). By the compound of silica aerogel and hollow glass microspheres, by blocking solid heat conduction path and building " infinite path " effect, significantly reduce heat conduction system, realize the substantial reduction of heat conduction efficiency. Carborane after silane coupling agent modification and POSS composite material form dense Si-O / Si-C barrier layer, effectively isolate oxygen and heat transfer, delay molecular chain decomposition, suppress flame spread, and promote flame retardant performance; The hollow cage structure of POSS and the synergistic effect of carborane improve coating flexural strength and wear resistance.

[0029] The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating provided by the present invention not only has excellent heat-insulating effect, but also meets functional requirements such as safety, flame retardancy, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and can be widely used in the field of ship thermal insulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the microstructure of the thermal insulation and flame retardant coating prepared in the embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present application is further described below with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present application and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0032] The following describes the embodiments of the present application through specific examples. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present application from the disclosure herein. The present application may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application.

[0033] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials, solvents and reagents in the examples of this application were purchased from commercial sources or prepared in the laboratory.

[0034] The silica aerogel used in the following examples has a size ranging from 1 nm to 50 nm, a porosity of 80% to 99.8%, and a thermal conductivity of 0.013 W / (mk) to 0.03 W / (mk); the hollow glass microspheres have a size ranging from 10 μm to 120 μm, a thermal conductivity of 0.04 W / (mk) to 0.1 W / (mk), and a density of 0.15 g / cm 3 ~0.6g / cm 3 .

[0035] Specifically, the density of silica aerogel is 50 kg / m 3, thermal conductivity is 0.018W / m·k, particle size is 20nm; density of hollow glass microspheres is 200kg / m 3 , thermal conductivity is 0.04W / m·k, particle size is 50μm; density of water-based acrylic acid is 1000kg / m 3 , the thermal conductivity is 0.2W / m·k.

[0036] The titanium dioxide is rutile and has a particle size between 50 nm and 200 nm. The film-forming aid is propylene glycol; the dispersant is polyoxyethylene stearyl ether; the anti-settling agent is magnesium aluminum silicate; the thickener is hydroxymethyl cellulose; and the defoamer is a polyether-modified silicone emulsion defoamer. The reinforcing fibers are glass fibers, and the length of the reinforcing fibers is between 3 mm and 6 mm.

[0037] The flame retardant is prepared by the following method:

[0038] S1. Carborane and POSS are surface activated by a plasma instrument, and then the surface activated carborane and POSS are added to an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed for 5 min to 30 min;

[0039] S2. Add a silane coupling agent to the mixed solution obtained in step S1, and dropwise add a small amount of hydrochloric acid, and stir the mixture at 30° C. to 90° C. for 5 h to 24 h;

[0040] S3, filtering and drying to obtain a flame retardant;

[0041] The mass ratio of carborane, POSS, anhydrous ethanol, silane coupling agent, and hydrochloric acid is (1-4): (1-5): (30-100): (2-20): (4-25);

[0042] The silane coupling agent is selected from γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; and the POSS is selected from one or more of amino POSS, alkyl POSS, aryl POSS and carboxyl POSS.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] This embodiment provides a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0045] 40 parts of acrylic emulsion, 5 parts of silica aerogel, 0.1 parts of reinforcing fiber, 5 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 1 part of flame retardant, 1 part of film-forming aid, 0.5 parts of dispersant, 0.2 parts of anti-settling agent, 0.2 parts of defoaming agent, 0.5 parts of thickener, and 35 parts of deionized water.

[0046] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Add 35 parts of deionized water, 0.5 parts of dispersant, and 0.1 parts of defoamer into a container, and stir at 400 r / min for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0048] Step 2: Slowly add 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.2 parts of anti-settling agent, 1 part of flame retardant, and 0.1 parts of reinforcing fiber to the mixture obtained in step 1, ultrasonically vibrate for 30 minutes, and stir at 1700 r / min for 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed first slurry;

[0049] Step 3: Add 5 parts of silica aerogel, 5 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 40 parts of acrylic emulsion to the first slurry obtained in step 2, and stir and disperse at 300 r / min for 15 minutes to obtain a second slurry;

[0050] Step 4: Add 0.1 parts of defoaming agent and 1 part of film-forming aid to the second slurry obtained in step 3, stir for 10 minutes, add 0.5 parts of thickener to adjust the viscosity, and obtain a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This embodiment provides a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0053] 50 parts of acrylic emulsion, 10 parts of silica aerogel, 0.2 parts of reinforcing fiber, 10 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 5 parts of titanium dioxide, 2 parts of flame retardant, 2 parts of film-forming aid, 1 part of dispersant, 0.3 parts of anti-settling agent, 0.2 parts of defoaming agent, 1 part of thickener, and 50 parts of deionized water.

[0054] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Add 50 parts of deionized water, 1 part of dispersant, and 0.1 part of defoamer into a container, and stir at 500 r / min for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0056] Step 2: Slowly add 5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.3 parts of anti-settling agent, 2 parts of flame retardant, and 0.2 parts of reinforcing fiber to the mixture obtained in step 1, ultrasonically vibrate for 30 minutes, and stir at 2000 r / min for 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed first slurry;

[0057] Step 3: Add 10 parts of silica aerogel, 10 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 50 parts of acrylic emulsion to the first slurry obtained in step 2, and stir and disperse at 300 r / min for 20 minutes to obtain a second slurry;

[0058] Step 4: Add 0.1 parts of defoaming agent and 2 parts of film-forming aid to the second slurry obtained in step 3, stir for 20 minutes, add 1 part of thickener to adjust the viscosity, and obtain a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] This embodiment provides a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0061] 60 parts of acrylic emulsion, 15 parts of silica aerogel, 0.5 parts of reinforcing fiber, 15 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 5 parts of titanium dioxide, 3 parts of flame retardant, 2 parts of film-forming aid, 1 part of dispersant, 0.5 parts of anti-settling agent, 0.4 parts of defoaming agent, 2 parts of thickener, and 50 parts of deionized water.

[0062] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following steps:

[0063] Step 1: Add 50 parts of deionized water, 1 part of dispersant, and 0.2 parts of defoamer into a container, and stir at 500 r / min for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0064] Step 2: Slowly add 5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.5 parts of anti-settling agent, 3 parts of flame retardant, and 0.5 parts of reinforcing fiber to the mixture obtained in step 1, ultrasonically vibrate for 30 minutes, and stir at 2200 r / min for 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed first slurry;

[0065] Step 3: Add 15 parts of silica aerogel, 15 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 60 parts of acrylic emulsion to the first slurry obtained in step 2, and stir and disperse at 300 r / min for 30 minutes to obtain a second slurry;

[0066] Step 4: Add 0.2 parts of defoaming agent and 2 parts of film-forming aid to the second slurry obtained in step 3, stir for 20 minutes, add 2 parts of thickener to adjust the viscosity, and obtain a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating.

[0067] The microstructure of the heat-insulating flame-retardant coatings prepared in Examples 1 to 3 is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0068] The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating prepared by the embodiment of the present invention uses acrylic emulsion as the main film-forming substrate, uses silica aerogel and hollow glass microspheres with low thermal conductivity as the main thermal insulation material, uses titanium dioxide as the reflective material, and realizes the purpose of efficient heat insulation through the synergistic effect of various functional additives. By introducing the flame retardant compounded by carborane and POSS, not only the flame retardancy and high temperature resistance of the coating can be enhanced, but also the coating can be ensured to have good mechanical strength and wear resistance. Meanwhile, the heat-insulating flame-retardant coating preparation method provided by the embodiment of the present application is simple and environmentally friendly, and can be widely used in the field of thermal insulation.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] This comparative example provides a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0071] 40 parts of acrylic emulsion, 5 parts of silica aerogel, 0.1 parts of reinforcing fiber, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 1 part of flame retardant, 1 part of film-forming aid, 0.5 parts of dispersant, 0.2 parts of anti-settling agent, 0.2 parts of defoaming agent, 0.5 parts of thickener, and 35 parts of deionized water.

[0072] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following steps:

[0073] Step 1: Add 35 parts of deionized water, 0.5 parts of dispersant, and 0.1 parts of defoamer into a container, and stir at 400 r / min for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0074] Step 2: Slowly add 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.2 parts of anti-settling agent, 1 part of flame retardant, and 0.1 parts of reinforcing fiber to the mixture obtained in step 1, ultrasonically vibrate for 30 minutes, and stir at 1700 r / min for 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed first slurry;

[0075] Step 3: Add 5 parts of silica aerogel and 40 parts of acrylic emulsion to the first slurry obtained in step 2, and stir and disperse at 300 r / min for 15 minutes to obtain a second slurry;

[0076] Step 4: Add 0.1 parts of defoaming agent and 1 part of film-forming aid to the second slurry obtained in step 3, stir for 10 minutes, add 0.5 parts of thickener to adjust the viscosity, and obtain a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating.

[0077] Comparative Example 2

[0078] This embodiment provides a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following components in parts by weight:

[0079] 40 parts of acrylic emulsion, 0.1 parts of reinforcing fiber, 5 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 1 part of flame retardant, 1 part of film-forming aid, 0.5 parts of dispersant, 0.2 parts of anti-settling agent, 0.2 parts of defoaming agent, 0.5 parts of thickener, and 35 parts of deionized water.

[0080] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, comprising the following steps:

[0081] Step 1: Add 35 parts of deionized water, 0.5 parts of dispersant, and 0.1 parts of defoamer into a container, and stir at 400 r / min for 10 minutes to obtain a mixed material;

[0082] Step 2: Slowly add 3 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.2 parts of anti-settling agent, 1 part of flame retardant, and 0.1 parts of reinforcing fiber to the mixture obtained in step 1, ultrasonically vibrate for 30 minutes, and stir at 1700 r / min for 60 minutes to obtain a uniformly dispersed first slurry;

[0083] Step 3: Add 5 parts of hollow glass microspheres and 40 parts of acrylic emulsion to the first slurry obtained in step 2, and stir and disperse at 300 r / min for 15 minutes to obtain a second slurry;

[0084] Step 4: Add 0.1 parts of defoaming agent and 1 part of film-forming aid to the second slurry obtained in step 3, stir for 10 minutes, add 0.5 parts of thickener to adjust the viscosity, and obtain a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating.

[0085] Finite element analysis was performed using simulation methods on the thermal insulation flame-retardant coatings prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 to predict their effective thermal conductivity. Theoretical calculations were also performed using a mathematical model to verify the accuracy of the numerical analysis. The numerically simulated and theoretically calculated thermal conductivities of the thermal insulation flame-retardant coatings are shown in Table 1.

[0086] Table 1

[0087]

[0088] In Table 1, by comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it can be found that Example 1 uses two components, hollow glass microspheres and silica aerogel, while Comparative Example 1 uses only silica aerogel, and Comparative Example 2 uses only hollow glass microspheres. Numerical simulations and theoretical calculations of thermal conductivity demonstrate that the thermal conductivity of Example 1 is superior to those of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. A comparison of Examples 1 to 3 shows that the thermal conductivity gradually decreases with increasing mass fractions of each component used.

[0089] The thermal insulation and flame-retardant coating prepared in this embodiment of the present invention is water-soluble and meets safety and environmental protection requirements. The silica aerogel and hollow glass microspheres used in this coating have low thermal conductivity. By blocking or reducing solid heat conduction and creating an "infinite path" effect, they significantly reduce heat conduction efficiency, thereby achieving efficient thermal insulation.

[0090] In addition, the embodiment of the present invention uses a silane coupling agent to modify and compound carborane and POSS materials to form a flame retardant filler with dual functions of flame retardancy and high temperature resistance. The two can work together to produce a "shielding effect". The formed Si-O or Si-C dense structure barrier layer can effectively isolate the transfer of oxygen and heat, delay the decomposition of molecular chains and reduce the generation of smoke, thereby inhibiting the spread of flames and achieving a flame retardant effect.

[0091] The thermal insulation and flame retardant coating prepared in the embodiment of the present invention not only has excellent thermal insulation effect, but also meets functional requirements such as safety, flame retardancy, high temperature resistance and wear resistance, and can be widely used in the field of ship thermal insulation.

[0092] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, characterized in that: The composition comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of acrylic emulsion, 5-20 parts of silica aerogel, 0.1-1 part of reinforcing fiber, 5-20 parts of hollow glass microspheres, 2-5 parts of titanium dioxide, 0.5-5 parts of flame retardant, 1-3 parts of film-forming aid, 0.5-2 parts of dispersant, 0.1-0.5 parts of anti-settling agent, 0.1-0.5 parts of defoaming agent, 0.1-2 parts of thickener, and 30-60 parts of deionized water.

2. The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the silica aerogel is between 1nm~50nm, porosity is 80%~99.8%, and thermal conductivity is between 0.013W / (mk)~0.03W / (mk).

3. The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the hollow glass microspheres is between 10μm~120μm, thermal conductivity between 0.04W / (mk)~0.1W / (mk), density between 0.15g / cm 3 ~0.6g / cm 3 .

4. The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The titanium dioxide is rutile and has a size between 50 nm and 200 nm.

5. The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The film-forming aid is selected from propylene glycol, the dispersant is selected from nonionic dispersants, the anti-settling agent is selected from magnesium aluminum silicate, the defoamer is selected from polyether-modified silicone emulsion defoamer, and the thickener is selected from hydroxymethyl cellulose.

6. The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nonionic dispersant is selected from polyoxyethylene stearyl ether.

7. The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the reinforcing fibers is between 3 mm and 6mm, and the reinforcing fiber is selected from one or more of ceramic fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, acrylonitrile fiber, PBO fiber and PIPD fiber.

8. The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the flame retardant comprises the following steps: After surface activation of carborane and POSS by plasma instrument, they were added into anhydrous ethanol and ultrasonically dispersed. 5min~30min; Add silane coupling agent, add hydrochloric acid dropwise, and stir the reaction at 30℃~90℃ for 5h~24h; After filtering and drying, the flame retardant is obtained; The mass ratio of the carborane, the POSS, the anhydrous ethanol, the silane coupling agent and the hydrochloric acid is (1-4): (1-5): (30-100): (2-20): (4-25).

9. The heat-insulating flame-retardant coating according to claim 8, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent is selected from γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; the POSS is selected from one or more of amino POSS, alkyl POSS, aryl POSS and carboxyl POSS.

10. A method for preparing a heat-insulating flame-retardant coating, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Deionized water, a dispersant, and a defoamer are added to a container and stirred to obtain a mixed material; Slowly adding titanium dioxide, an anti-settling agent, a flame retardant, and reinforcing fibers to the mixture, and stirring after ultrasonic vibration to obtain a uniformly dispersed first slurry; adding silica aerogel, hollow glass microspheres and acrylic emulsion to the first slurry, stirring and dispersing, to obtain a second slurry; After adding defoamer and film-forming aid to the second slurry, stir and add thickener to adjust the viscosity to 50KU~ 300KU, to obtain heat-insulating flame-retardant coating.

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