Self-energizing-self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetic nonlinear energy trap

Abstract

The vibration absorber comprises a shell assembly, a magnet assembly and magnetic liquid, the shell assembly comprises a shell body and a guide rod, the guide rod is connected with the shell body, the magnet assembly comprises a movable magnet, and the movable magnet is connected with the magnetic liquid. The movable magnet is movably sleeved on the guide rod, the magnetic liquid is filled between the peripheral side wall of the movable magnet and the inner side wall of the shell body, the electromagnetic induction coil is wound on the shell body and is connected with the energy storage part, the vibration equipment generates vibration, the movable magnet moves relative to the electromagnetic induction coil, and the energy storage part is connected with the electromagnetic induction coil. The energy storage part is used for storing electric energy generated by the electromagnetic induction coil, the self-sensing mechanism is connected with the energy storage part, and the self-sensing mechanism is used for collecting displacement of the movable magnet and analyzing motion information of the vibration equipment according to collected data. The vibration absorber provided by the embodiment of the invention can perform vibration monitoring and vibration reduction at the same time, and has the advantages of simple structure and good vibration absorption effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical fields of vibration and noise control and vibration energy collection, and in particular relates to a self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on a magneto-nonlinear energy well. Background Art

[0002] Dynamic vibration absorbers typically consist of a mass, springs, and viscous dampers and are widely used in structures such as buildings and machinery. Traditional linear dynamic vibration absorbers have linear stiffness and a fixed resonant frequency, significantly suppressing structural vibration only at the resonant frequency. However, under variable external excitation loads, linear vibration absorbers have limited suppression effects on vibrations within the non-resonant frequency band, highlighting their narrow vibration reduction bandwidth. To overcome this scientific challenge, researchers have proposed nonlinear vibration reduction strategies to broaden the frequency band. Among these, the nonlinear energy sink (NES) is a widely studied nonlinear vibration reduction technique. It primarily consists of a nonlinear stiffness, a small additional mass, and damping. Due to its nonlinear stiffness, an NES lacks a specific resonant frequency, enabling multi-frequency energy capture with the primary system, achieving broadband vibration reduction. During the vibration reduction process, the primary system's vibration energy is irreversibly transferred to the NES, where it is then dissipated by the damping within the NES. This mechanism is known as targeted energy transfer (TET). In recent years, NES has been applied to various structures and achieved good vibration reduction effects.

[0003] Magnetic fluid is a long-lasting, stable colloid composed of a carrier fluid, micro- / nanoscale magnetic particles, and a surfactant coating the surface of the magnetic particles. The second-order suspension property of magnetic fluid means that the buoyancy of a magnet immersed in the fluid is greater than the Archimedean buoyancy. Therefore, the magnetic fluid can suspend a magnet with a specific gravity greater than that of the fluid. Magnetic fluid damping shock absorbers based on this second-order suspension property achieve damping and vibration reduction through friction and collision between the magnetic fluid and the housing, shear within the magnetic fluid, and frictional energy dissipation between the suspended object and the magnetic fluid.

[0004] With the rapid development of low-power electronic devices such as wireless sensors, wearable devices, and medical implants, the demand for long-term, stable, and environmentally adaptable energy supply is increasing. Traditional battery-powered systems are gradually unable to meet the needs of these devices due to issues such as lifespan limitations, difficulty in replacement, and environmental impacts. Harvesting vibration energy from the environment to power sensors and electronic devices has very broad application prospects. However, the vibration frequencies of vibration sources in the environment vary and the vibration amplitudes are usually small, which requires vibration energy harvesters to have broadband characteristics at lower amplitudes. Therefore, how to broaden the vibration suppression bandwidth of the vibration absorber and organically combine the vibration suppression effect of the mechanical system with the energy collection efficiency is an urgent problem that needs to be solved in the field of vibration energy harvesting technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0006] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on a magnetically nonlinear energy trap. The vibration absorber can simultaneously perform vibration monitoring and vibration reduction goals, and has the advantages of simple structure and good vibration absorption effect.

[0007] A self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on a magnetically nonlinear energy trap according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0008] A magnetically nonlinear energy trap mechanism includes a housing assembly, a magnet assembly, and a magnetic fluid. The housing assembly includes a housing body and a guide rod. The housing body is used to be mounted on a vibration device. The housing body has a cavity. The guide rod is connected to the housing body and is placed in the cavity. The extension direction of the guide rod is consistent with the extension direction of the housing body.

[0009] The magnet assembly includes a moving magnet, which is sleeved on the guide rod and movable along the extension direction of the guide rod, and the magnetic liquid is filled between the peripheral side wall of the moving magnet and the inner side wall of the housing body;

[0010] a vibration energy collection mechanism, the vibration energy collection mechanism comprising an electromagnetic induction coil and an energy storage unit, the electromagnetic induction coil being arranged around the housing body, and the extension direction of the electromagnetic induction coil being consistent with the extension direction of the housing body, the electromagnetic induction coil being connected to the energy storage unit to cause the vibration device to vibrate, the moving magnet moving relative to the electromagnetic induction coil, and the energy storage unit being used to store the electrical energy generated by the electromagnetic induction coil;

[0011] A self-sensing mechanism is connected to the energy storage unit and is used to collect the displacement of the moving magnet and analyze the movement information of the vibration device based on the collected data.

[0012] In the self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on a magnetically nonlinear energy trap according to an embodiment of the present invention, a liquid friction environment is set between the moving magnet and the guide rod, so that there is no mechanical friction. This avoids the low-frequency and small-amplitude hysteresis response of the vibration absorber caused by the friction between the inertial mass block and the guide rail in the guide rail-type NES in the prior art, thereby improving the sensitivity of the vibration absorber. In addition, the vibration energy harvesting mechanism can be used to convert low-frequency vibration energy into more electrical energy, thereby achieving reliable and stable power supply to electrical equipment (self-sensing mechanism). By providing a self-sensing mechanism on the magnetic liquid vibration absorber, the goals of vibration monitoring and vibration reduction can be achieved simultaneously.

[0013] In some embodiments, the magnet assembly further includes a plurality of magnetic conductive parts, the number of the movable magnets is multiple, and the plurality of movable magnets are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guide rod, a magnetic conductive part is connected between two adjacent movable magnets, and among the two adjacent movable magnets, the magnetic pole of one movable magnet adjacent to the magnetic conductive part is the same as the magnetic pole of the other movable magnet adjacent to the magnetic conductive part.

[0014] In some embodiments, the magnet assembly also includes a fixed magnet, which is connected to the shell body and is relatively arranged on both sides of the movable magnet along the extension direction of the shell body. The magnetic pole of the fixed magnet adjacent to the movable magnet is opposite to the magnetic pole of the movable magnet adjacent to the fixed magnet.

[0015] In some embodiments, the magnetically nonlinear energy well mechanism further includes an extension portion, which is connected to the shell body, and the extension portion and the outer peripheral wall of the shell body define an annular groove, the opening of the annular groove is arranged toward the moving magnet, and the fixed magnet is adapted in the annular groove.

[0016] In some embodiments, the magnetically nonlinear energy well mechanism further includes an adjustment component, the adjustment component including an adjustment coil, the adjustment coil being wound on the guide rod, the adjustment coil having a power-on state, in which the adjustment coil is used to change the current to adjust the viscosity of the magnetic liquid, the adjustment coil being divided into a plurality of adjustment parts, and the plurality of adjustment parts corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of moving magnets.

[0017] In some embodiments, the vibration energy collection mechanism also includes an insulating member and a conductive member, the outer peripheral wall of the insulating member is connected to the inner peripheral wall of the shell body, and the insulator is arranged axially around the guide member, and the conductive member connects the insulating member and the energy storage part so that the magnetic liquid moves relative to the insulating member along the extension direction of the guide rod, and the conductive member guides the current generated on the insulating member to the energy storage part.

[0018] In some embodiments, there are a plurality of insulating members, and the plurality of insulating members are arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the guide rod.

[0019] In some embodiments, the guide rod includes a limiting section and an installation section connected in sequence, the limiting section is located at both ends of the installation section in the extension direction of the guide rod, the radial dimension of the limiting section is larger than the radial dimension of the installation section, and the movable magnet is mounted on the installation section.

[0020] In some embodiments, in a direction from the moving magnet to the end wall surface of the housing body, a cross-sectional area of ​​the cavity at an end away from the moving magnet gradually decreases.

[0021] In some embodiments, the self-sensing mechanism includes a Hall element and a signal acquisition module, the signal acquisition module is electrically connected to the Hall element, the Hall element is connected to the shell body and is located on the end wall of the shell, the center line of the Hall element coincides with the center line of the shell body in its extension direction, and the Hall element is electrically connected to the energy storage part so that the energy storage part provides the required electrical energy for the Hall element. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on a magnetically nonlinear energy well according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged schematic diagram of point A is shown in FIG.

[0024] Reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Shell assembly, 11. Shell body, 12. Guide rod, 121. Limiting section, 122. Mounting section, 13. Magnet assembly, 131. Moving magnet, 132. Magnetic conductive member, 133. Fixed magnet, 14. Magnetic fluid, 15. Extension, 16. Adjustment assembly, 161. Adjustment coil, 17. Support base,

[0026] 21. Electromagnetic induction coil, 22. Insulation,

[0027] 3. Self-sensing mechanism, 31. Hall element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on the magnetically nonlinear energy well of the embodiment of the present invention includes: a magnetically nonlinear energy well mechanism, a vibration energy collection mechanism and a self-sensing mechanism 3.

[0030] The magnetic nonlinear energy trap mechanism includes a shell assembly 1, a magnet assembly 13 and a magnetic liquid 14. The shell assembly 1 includes a shell body 11 and a guide rod 12. The shell body 11 is used to be installed on the vibration device. The shell body 11 has a cavity. The guide rod 12 is connected to the shell body 11 and is placed in the cavity. The extension direction of the guide rod 12 (such as Figure 1 The left and right directions) are consistent with the extension direction of the shell body 11, the magnet assembly 13 includes a movable magnet 131, the movable magnet 131 is mounted on the guide rod 12 and is movable along the extension direction of the guide rod 12, and the magnetic liquid 14 is filled between the peripheral side wall of the movable magnet 131 and the inner side wall of the shell body 11.

[0031] Specifically, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a support base 17 for fixing is installed at the bottom of the shell body 11, and a threaded hole is provided on the support base 17 so that the support base 17 can be fixedly connected to the vibration device by bolts or the like. The left and right ends of the guide rod 12 are fixedly connected to the end caps at both ends of the shell body 11 by bolts or the like, and the guide rod 12 is located at the center of the shell body 11 to ensure that the overall structural distribution of the device is more balanced. The movable magnet 131 is annular and is mounted on the guide rod 12 to ensure that there is a gap between the inner peripheral wall of the movable magnet 131 and the wall surface of the guide rod 12, so that the movable magnet 131 can move left and right on the guide rod 12. There is a gap between the outer peripheral wall of the movable magnet 131 and the inner wall surface of the shell body 11 to facilitate the subsequent filling of the magnetic liquid 14.

[0032] It is understandable that the moving magnet 131 is a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, and the magnetic liquid 14 is filled between the moving magnet 131 and the side wall of the shell body 11, so that the moving magnet 131 can be subjected to a radial suspension force and suspended on the guide rod 12, so that liquid friction is formed between the moving magnet 131 and the shell body 11. Optionally, the magnetic liquid 14 can also be filled in the gap between the moving magnet 131 and the guide rod 12, so that liquid friction is also formed between the moving magnet 131 and the guide rod 12. Among them, the guide rod 12 can be made of non-magnetic material, such as non-magnetic metal (such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, etc.), engineering material, ceramic material, etc.

[0033] Thus, the suspension characteristics of the magnetic liquid 14 are utilized to suspend the moving magnet 131 on the guide rod 12, thereby reducing the friction coefficient between the moving magnet 131 and the wall surface of the shell body 11 and improving the vibration sensitivity of the vibration absorber.

[0034] The vibration energy collection mechanism includes an electromagnetic induction coil 21 and an energy storage unit. The electromagnetic induction coil 21 is arranged around the shell body 11, and the extension direction of the electromagnetic induction coil 21 is consistent with the extension direction of the shell body 11. The electromagnetic induction coil 21 is connected to the energy storage unit to enable the vibration device to vibrate. The moving magnet 131 moves relative to the electromagnetic induction coil 21, and the energy storage unit is used to store the electrical energy generated by the electromagnetic induction coil 21.

[0035] It is understood that the electromagnetic induction coil 21 and the energy storage unit form a closed circuit. That is, when the vibration device vibrates, the movable magnet 131 moves left and right. Under the action of inertia, the movable magnet 131 cuts the magnetic flux lines relative to the electromagnetic induction coil 21, thereby changing the magnetic flux passing through the closed circuit and generating an induced current within the circuit, thereby realizing the power generation function of the vibration energy collection mechanism. Furthermore, the generated induced current can be transmitted to the energy storage unit via a wire, realizing the collection of electrical energy for subsequent use in electrical devices.

[0036] The self-sensing mechanism 3 is connected to the energy storage unit. The self-sensing mechanism 3 is used to collect the displacement of the moving magnet 131 and analyze the motion information of the vibration device based on the collected data.

[0037] It is understood that the energy storage unit is connected to the self-sensing mechanism 3 via a conductive circuit, so that the energy storage unit can provide the self-sensing mechanism 3 with the required electrical energy, thereby achieving a self-powered function. The self-sensing mechanism 3 can be a combination of one or more sensors, including piezoelectric materials and sensors, fiber Bragg grating sensors, strain gauges and resistive sensors, electromagnetic sensors, inertial sensors, Hall sensors, etc.

[0038] It should be noted that the vibration energy collection mechanism also includes an AC / DC conversion module, an energy storage module, a dynamic path management module, an output power control module, and a battery monitoring and protection module. In other words, by utilizing the synergistic effect of the above-mentioned multiple modules, it is possible to convert the input AC power (such as the power grid, photovoltaic inverter output) into stable DC power to power subsequent modules. And according to the input power status (such as power grid interruption, renewable energy fluctuation) and load demand, the energy source (grid / battery / hybrid power supply) is automatically switched to ensure power supply continuity. In addition, the output current / voltage can also be adjusted to match different load requirements (such as constant voltage, constant current, pulse load). Real-time monitoring of battery voltage, temperature, and health status (SOH) to prevent overcharging, over-discharge, and short circuit, thereby extending the life of the battery (energy storage unit).

[0039] In other words, the self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on the magnetically nonlinear energy trap in the embodiment of the present invention sets a liquid friction environment between the moving magnet 131 and the guide rod 12, so that there is no mechanical friction, thereby avoiding the low-frequency and small-amplitude hysteresis response of the vibration absorber caused by the friction between the inertial mass block and the guide rail in the guide rail type NES in the prior art, thereby improving the sensitivity of the vibration absorber. In addition, the vibration energy collection mechanism can be used to convert low-frequency vibration energy into more electrical energy, thereby achieving reliable and stable power supply to electrical equipment (self-sensing mechanism 3), and by setting the self-sensing mechanism 3 on the magnetic liquid 14 vibration absorber, the goals of vibration monitoring and vibration reduction can be achieved simultaneously.

[0040] In some embodiments, the magnet assembly 13 also includes a plurality of magnetic conductive parts 132, and there are multiple movable magnets 131. The plurality of movable magnets 131 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guide rod 12. A magnetic conductive part 132 is connected between two adjacent movable magnets 131, and in two adjacent movable magnets 131, the magnetic pole of one movable magnet 131 adjacent to the magnetic conductive part 132 is the same as the magnetic pole of the other movable magnet 131 adjacent to the magnetic conductive part 132.

[0041] Specifically, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, multiple moving magnets 131 and multiple magnetic conductive members 132 are arranged alternately at intervals, so that the magnetic fields of the moving magnets 131 are superimposed, and the local magnetic field is enhanced. In other words, the magnetic conductive members 132 (such as soft magnetic materials) serve as low-resistance paths for magnetic flux lines, guiding the magnetic fields of adjacent like-pole magnetic poles into the magnetic conductive members 132, forming a closed magnetic circuit. This causes the magnetic conductive members 132 to concentrate the magnetic flux lines, increasing the magnetic field strength near the magnetic poles.

[0042] It is understood that the inherent repulsive force between the like poles of adjacent magnets acts together to cause the overall structure composed of movable magnet 131 and magnetic permeable member 132 to exhibit nonlinear force-displacement characteristics similar to a spring, further making it suitable for buffering or vibration control. Furthermore, under external disturbances, the magnetic force of movable magnet 131 and the restraint of magnetic permeable member 132 form a restoring force, which tends to return the overall structure to an equilibrium position.

[0043] In some embodiments, the magnet assembly 13 also includes a fixed magnet 133, which is connected to the shell body 11 and is relatively arranged on both sides of the movable magnet 131 along the extension direction of the shell body 11. The magnetic pole of the fixed magnet 133 on the side adjacent to the movable magnet 131 is opposite to the magnetic pole of the side adjacent to the movable magnet 131 of the movable magnet 131.

[0044] Specifically, if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the fixed magnet 133 is annular in shape and is mounted on the outer circumferential wall of the housing body 11. Two fixed magnets 133 are provided, one at each end of the housing body 11. The distance between the two fixed magnets 133 defines the maximum displacement of the movable magnet 131. This means that the spacing between the fixed magnets 133 can be varied according to actual operating conditions, thereby correspondingly increasing the number or size of the movable magnets 131 to achieve vibration absorber structures with varying nonlinear characteristics.

[0045] It is understood that when there is no external vibration, the moving magnet 131 is constrained to the center of the housing body 11 by the interaction of the attractive forces of the fixed magnets 133 at its ends. When external vibration occurs, the moving magnet 131, under the action of inertia, moves axially relative to the housing body 11. During this movement, the viscous damping force of the magnetic fluid 14 dissipates vibration energy, thereby achieving the purpose of vibration reduction.

[0046] Optionally, the fixed magnet 133 may be made of a strong magnetic material such as neodymium iron boron (NdFeB).

[0047] In some embodiments, the magneto-nonlinear energy well mechanism further includes an extension portion 15, which is connected to the shell body 11, and the extension portion 15 and the outer peripheral wall of the shell body 11 define an annular groove, the opening of the annular groove is arranged toward the movable magnet 131, and the fixed magnet 133 is adapted in the annular groove.

[0048] Specifically, if Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the extension portion 15 is annular in shape, one end of the extension portion 15 is connected to the end of the shell body 11, and the extension portion 15 extends toward the center of the shell body 11. An annular groove arranged around the shell body 11 is formed between the extension portion 15 and the side wall of the shell body 11 to facilitate the installation of the fixed magnet 133 in the annular groove.

[0049] It is understood that the extension direction of the extension portion 15 is adapted to the overall size of the fixed magnet 133, so that the fixed magnet 133 can be fixed in the annular groove, thereby ensuring that the fixed magnet 133 can be stably fixed to the housing body 11. In addition, in the radial direction of the housing body 11, the extension portion 15 can also serve as a protective structure for the fixed magnet 133, preventing the fixed magnet 133 from being damaged during use and causing equipment monitoring failures.

[0050] In some embodiments, the magneto-nonlinear energy well mechanism further includes an adjustment component 16, which includes an adjustment coil 161. The adjustment coil 161 is wound around the guide rod 12, and the adjustment coil 161 has a power-on state. In the power-on state, the adjustment coil 161 is used to change the current to adjust the viscosity of the magnetic liquid 14. The adjustment coil 161 is divided into multiple adjustment parts, and the multiple adjustment parts correspond one-to-one to the multiple moving magnets 131.

[0051] It is understood that the adjustment coil 161 is wound around the guide rod 12 and energized by an external power source, so that the adjustment coil 161 is in an energized state. The viscosity of the magnetic fluid 14 is controlled by changing the current in the adjustment coil 161, thereby controlling the damping force of the vibration absorbing device of the magnetic fluid 14.

[0052] That is, when the current of the regulating coil 161 increases, the viscosity of the magnetic liquid 14 increases, and thus during the vibration process, more vibration energy is consumed by the viscous damping force of the magnetic liquid 14, and the vibration absorption effect is better.

[0053] In some embodiments, the vibration energy collection mechanism also includes an insulating part 22 and a conductive part. The outer peripheral wall of the insulating part 22 is connected to the inner peripheral wall of the shell body 11, and the insulator is arranged axially around the guide part. The conductive part connects the insulating part 22 and the energy storage part so that the magnetic liquid 14 moves relative to the insulating part 22 along the extension direction of the guide rod 12, and the conductive part guides the current generated on the insulating part 22 to the energy storage part.

[0054] It is understood that the inner wall of the housing body 11 uses a conductive member to fix the insulating member 22. During the reciprocating motion of the moving magnet 131 and the magnetic fluid 14, the electrostatic equilibrium between the insulating member 22 and the magnetic fluid 14 is disrupted, triggering a redistribution of positive and negative charges in the electrodes. The movement of positive and negative charges causes an imbalance in charge density between the two electrodes, thereby generating current.

[0055] Optionally, the insulating member 22 may be a PTFE film, and the conductive member may be a double-sided conductive copper tape, so as to facilitate adhering the insulating member 22 to the side wall of the housing body 11 .

[0056] Preferably, there are multiple insulating members 22, and the multiple insulating members 22 are spaced apart in the extension direction of the guide rod 12. It is understood that the insulating member 22 is an annular member, and the multiple insulating members 22 are spaced apart in the left-right direction to ensure that the moving magnet 131 has stable friction with the insulator during movement.

[0057] Preferably, the inner wall of the shell body 11 is processed with a surface rectangular groove texture structure, and the insulator can be installed in conjunction with the structure to facilitate fixed installation of the insulator on the inner wall of the shell body 11.

[0058] It can be understood that the movable magnet 131 and the fixed magnet 133 are axially magnetized to form a bistable structure with each other, forming a magnetic spring mechanism (i.e., a bistable permanent magnetic spring), which provides the required bistable nonlinear stiffness for the nonlinear energy well. The new magnetic liquid 14NES that uses a bistable permanent magnetic spring instead of a traditional spring to provide a restoring force can make the stiffness of the vibration absorber alternate between pure nonlinearity and weak nonlinearity according to a certain rule, so that the device can produce the characteristics of targeted energy transfer with the main structure. This transfer has the characteristics of fast transfer speed and unidirectional (irreversible).

[0059] In addition, the moving magnet 131 and the guide rod 12 are in a liquid friction environment, and there is no mechanical friction, which avoids the hysteresis response of the vibration absorber to low frequency and small amplitude caused by the friction between the existing guide rail type NES inertial mass block and the guide rail, thereby improving the sensitivity of the vibration absorber. In addition, the bistability of the structure enables the system to have rich nonlinear dynamic phenomena such as inter-well transition and potential well escape, which helps to improve the energy collection capability of the device within a wide bandwidth.

[0060] In some embodiments, the guide rod 12 includes a limiting section 121 and an installation section 122 connected in sequence. The limiting section 121 is located at both ends of the installation section 122 in the extension direction of the guide rod 12. The radial dimension of the limiting section 121 is larger than the radial dimension of the installation section 122, and the movable magnet 131 is mounted on the installation section 122.

[0061] It is understandable that if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the limiting section 121 is located at both ends of the mounting section 122. The radial dimension of the limiting section 121 is larger than the radial dimension of the mounting section 122, which can limit the distance that the moving magnet 131 moves on the guide rod 12, thereby preventing the moving magnet 131 from moving a large distance on the guide rod 12 and ensuring the recovery effect of the moving magnet 131.

[0062] In some embodiments, in a direction from the moving magnet 131 to the end wall surface of the housing body 11 , the cross-sectional area of ​​the cavity at one end away from the moving magnet 131 gradually decreases.

[0063] It is understandable that if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the left and right ends of the cavity adopt a conical or inclined structure, forming a "restoring force inclination angle." When the movable magnet 131 deviates from its equilibrium position due to vibration, it moves toward the two ends of the cavity, causing the magnetic field gradient between the movable magnet 131 and the housing body 11 to increase. This magnetic field gradient change generates a nonlinear magnetic force, pushing the magnet back to its original position. At the same time, the structural inclination angle is reset by mechanical constraints.

[0064] That is to say, the inclination design at both ends of the cavity of the shell body 11 integrates magnetic nonlinearity and mechanical constraints, which not only significantly improves the vibration energy absorption efficiency, but also has high reliability and compactness.

[0065] In some embodiments, the self-sensing mechanism 3 includes a Hall element 31 and a signal acquisition module. The signal acquisition module is electrically connected to the Hall element 31. The Hall element 31 is connected to the shell body 11 and is located on the end wall of the shell. The center line of the Hall element 31 coincides with the center line of the shell body 11 in its extension direction. The Hall element 31 is electrically connected to the energy storage part so that the energy storage part provides the required electrical energy for the Hall element 31.

[0066] It is understandable that if Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, Hall element 31 is attached to the left end cap of the housing. The center position of Hall element 31 corresponds to the initial position of the permanent magnet inertial mass, representing the voltage position of Hall element 310. Any change in position would result in inaccurate sensor detection. The signal acquisition module is connected to Hall element 31 via circuitry, receiving the Hall voltage signal in real time for amplification, filtering, and digitization.

[0067] That is to say, the Hall element 31 acts as a sensitive element to sense the vibration signal of the moving magnet 131. When the external acceleration excitation is generated, the moving magnet 131 is displaced by the inertial force. The change in the strength of the magnetic field at the position can directly affect the change in the Hall voltage. The Hall voltage change data is collected in real time through the data acquisition module, and the data is analyzed and processed by Labview software to obtain the acceleration value and movement direction of the measured structure.

[0068] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0069] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0070] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0071] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediary. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0072] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0073] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on a magnetically nonlinear energy trap, characterized in that: include: A magnetically nonlinear energy trap mechanism includes a housing assembly, a magnet assembly, and a magnetic fluid. The housing assembly includes a housing body and a guide rod. The housing body is used to be mounted on a vibration device. The housing body has a cavity. The guide rod is connected to the housing body and is placed in the cavity. The extension direction of the guide rod is consistent with the extension direction of the housing body. The magnet assembly includes a moving magnet, which is sleeved on the guide rod and movable along the extension direction of the guide rod, and the magnetic liquid is filled between the peripheral side wall of the moving magnet and the inner side wall of the housing body; a vibration energy collection mechanism, the vibration energy collection mechanism comprising an electromagnetic induction coil and an energy storage unit, the electromagnetic induction coil being arranged around the housing body, and the extension direction of the electromagnetic induction coil being consistent with the extension direction of the housing body, the electromagnetic induction coil being connected to the energy storage unit to cause the vibration device to vibrate, the moving magnet moving relative to the electromagnetic induction coil, and the energy storage unit being used to store the electrical energy generated by the electromagnetic induction coil; A self-sensing mechanism is connected to the energy storage unit and is used to collect the displacement of the moving magnet and analyze the movement information of the vibration device based on the collected data.

2. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically induced nonlinear energy trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnet assembly also includes a plurality of magnetic conductive parts, and there are a plurality of movable magnets, which are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the guide rod. A magnetic conductive part is connected between two adjacent movable magnets, and among the two adjacent movable magnets, the magnetic pole of one movable magnet adjacent to the magnetic conductive part is the same as the magnetic pole of the other movable magnet adjacent to the magnetic conductive part.

3. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically induced nonlinear energy trap according to claim 2, characterized in that: The magnet assembly also includes a fixed magnet, which is connected to the shell body and is relatively arranged on both sides of the moving magnet along the extension direction of the shell body. The magnetic pole of the fixed magnet adjacent to the moving magnet is opposite to the magnetic pole of the moving magnet adjacent to the fixed magnet.

4. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically induced nonlinear energy trap according to claim 3, characterized in that: The magnetically nonlinear energy trap mechanism also includes an extension portion, which is connected to the shell body, and the extension portion and the outer peripheral wall of the shell body define an annular groove, the opening of the annular groove is arranged toward the moving magnet, and the fixed magnet is adapted in the annular groove.

5. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically induced nonlinear energy trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetically nonlinear energy trap mechanism also includes an adjustment component, which includes an adjustment coil. The adjustment coil is wound on the guide rod and has an energized state. In the energized state, the adjustment coil is used to change the current to adjust the viscosity of the magnetic liquid. The adjustment coil is divided into multiple adjustment parts, and the multiple adjustment parts correspond one-to-one to the multiple moving magnets.

6. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically nonlinear energy trap according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vibration energy collection mechanism also includes an insulating part and a conductive part. The outer peripheral wall of the insulating part is connected to the inner peripheral wall of the shell body, and the insulator is arranged axially around the guide part. The conductive part connects the insulating part and the energy storage part so that the magnetic liquid moves relative to the insulating part along the extension direction of the guide rod. The conductive part guides the current generated on the insulating part to the energy storage part.

7. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically nonlinear energy trap according to claim 6, characterized in that: There are a plurality of insulating members, and the plurality of insulating members are arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the guide rod.

8. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically nonlinear energy trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide rod includes a limiting section and an installation section connected in sequence. The limiting sections are located at both ends of the installation section in the extension direction of the guide rod. The radial dimension of the limiting section is larger than the radial dimension of the installation section. The movable magnet is mounted on the installation section.

9. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically induced nonlinear energy trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: In a direction from the moving magnet to the end wall surface of the housing body, a cross-sectional area of ​​an end of the cavity away from the moving magnet gradually decreases.

10. The self-powered and self-sensing magnetic liquid vibration absorber based on magnetically nonlinear energy trap according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-sensing mechanism includes a Hall element and a signal acquisition module, the signal acquisition module is electrically connected to the Hall element, the Hall element is connected to the shell body and is located on the end wall of the shell, the center line of the Hall element coincides with the center line of the shell body in its extension direction, and the Hall element is electrically connected to the energy storage part so that the energy storage part provides the required electrical energy for the Hall element.

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