High-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device and using method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of organic hazardous waste treatment, and discloses a high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device and a using method.The combustion device comprises a reactor pressure-bearing shell and a reactor bottom end socket, and the reactor pressure-bearing shell and the reactor bottom end socket are combined to form an inner cavity; a combustion nozzle is arranged in the center of the top of the inner cavity, a combustion nozzle cooling chamber, a supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber, a temperature adjusting water distribution chamber and a desalting chamber are sequentially and coaxially arranged in the inner cavity from top to bottom, and flowing spaces are arranged on the coaxial outer sides of the four chambers in an isolated mode. The flowing space is communicated with the lower part of the desalting chamber, and the upper part of the flowing space is communicated with a reactant outlet formed in the top of the pressure-bearing shell of the reactor; a salt discharging opening is formed in the lower part of the desalting chamber; the lower curved surface of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber is narrowed to a cylindrical narrowing part, and a temperature adjusting water distribution chamber is arranged on the coaxial outer side of the narrowing part. By regulating and controlling the temperature of each stage of chamber, the phase change of the inorganic salt is uniformly and orderly matched with combustion, and finally the inorganic salt is removed and discharged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of organic hazardous waste treatment, and in particular to a high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of modern society and the economy, the amount of organic waste generated in various sectors has increased dramatically, making its treatment significantly more difficult. Conventional methods such as incineration, which often fail to completely degrade organic matter, also produce significant amounts of pollutants, causing secondary pollution. The treatment of organic waste has become a key issue for sustainable social development.

[0003] Supercritical hydrothermal combustion technology utilizes the unique properties of supercritical water (T ≥ 374.15°C and p ≥ 22.12 MPa) to dissolve organic waste and oxidants, leading to an oxidation reaction in a homogeneous environment. Because the supercritical water environment eliminates resistance to mass and heat transfer, organic waste can be completely degraded within seconds to minutes. Carbon is converted to CO2, nitrogen to substances such as N2 and N2O, and halogen elements such as S and Cl are converted to their corresponding inorganic salts. Therefore, supercritical water oxidation technology is considered a clean and efficient organic waste treatment technology.

[0004] Currently, most supercritical hydrothermal combustion reactors use thermal autoignition ignition. During the ignition process, high-salt fuels must be heated to a high temperature before entering the reactor. This increases the likelihood of inorganic salts precipitating from the fuel at the reactor inlet, potentially blocking the reactor and causing ignition failure. Furthermore, the high-temperature flame may adhere to critical walls or devices, causing them to burn. Inorganic salts crystallized from the supercritical fluid may deposit on the walls or clog the flow path, inducing under-deposit corrosion or reactor overpressure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the existing problems, the present invention aims to provide a forced ignition supercritical hydrothermal combustion device for high-salt materials and a method for use. A forced ignition device is used to trigger a supercritical hydrothermal flame, avoiding the risk of inorganic salts precipitating from high-salt materials and clogging pipelines; a combustion nozzle is arranged inside to rationally regulate the flow field so as to correctly organize the spatial distribution of the high-temperature flame; by regulating the temperature of each level of the chamber, the phase change of the inorganic salt is coordinated with the combustion to be uniform and orderly, and finally it is removed and discharged.

[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

[0007] The present invention provides a high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device, comprising a reactor pressure-bearing shell and a reactor bottom head, which are combined to form an internal cavity; a combustion nozzle is arranged at the top center of the internal cavity, and the internal cavity is coaxially arranged with a combustion nozzle cooling chamber, a supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber, a temperature-adjusting water distribution chamber and a desalination chamber in sequence from top to bottom, and a flow space is isolated and arranged on the coaxial outer sides of the four chambers; the flow space is connected to the lower part of the desalination chamber, and the upper part of the flow space is connected to the reactant outlet arranged at the top of the reactor pressure-bearing shell; a salt discharge port is arranged below the desalination chamber; the lower curved surface of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber is narrowed to a cylindrical narrowing portion, and a temperature-adjusting water distribution chamber is arranged on the coaxial outer side of the narrowing portion, and the temperature-adjusting water distribution chamber is connected to the narrowing portion through a first porous wall surface; a mechanical desalination device is arranged in the desalination chamber.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, a forced ignition device is provided in the center of the combustion nozzle; the combustion nozzle cooling chamber forms an isolation and surrounds the combustion nozzle over its entire length, and the combustion nozzle cooling chamber is narrowed at a corresponding position at the lower part of the combustion nozzle to form a nozzle portion.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, an organic material inlet and an oxidant inlet are provided on the top of the pressure-bearing shell of the reactor for introducing the organic material and the oxidant into the isolation space formed by the combustion nozzle cooling chamber for the combustion nozzle.

[0010] As a further improvement of the invention, the combustion nozzle cooling medium inlet arranged on the top of the reactor pressure shell is connected to the combustion nozzle cooling chamber; a second porous wall is arranged at the lower part of the combustion nozzle cooling chamber, and the second porous wall is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber is provided with a combustion chamber wall cooling device along its vertical wall; the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber is provided with a combustion chamber temperature regulating water inlet for connecting a pipeline to the combustion chamber temperature regulating water.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, the combustion chamber wall cooling device is provided with a combustion chamber wall cooling medium inlet and a combustion chamber wall cooling medium outlet for pipe access and discharge of cooling medium.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, a filter is provided at the lower part of the desalination chamber, and the filter is communicated with the flow space; and the mechanical desalination device is provided along the entire height of the desalination chamber.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the temperature-controlled water distribution chamber is provided with a desalination chamber temperature-controlled water inlet for pipe access to the temperature-controlled water.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, a pressure wall cooling device is provided on the pressure shell of the reactor and the bottom head of the reactor. The pressure wall cooling device is provided with a pressure wall cooling medium inlet and a pressure wall cooling medium outlet for connecting a pipeline to discharge the cooling medium.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for using a high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device, comprising the following steps: The combustion chamber wall cooling device maintains the combustion chamber wall temperature at 400-500℃ through the cooling medium; The combustion chamber temperature-adjusting water inlet introduces the combustion chamber temperature-adjusting water into the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber to maintain the fluid temperature in the combustion chamber within the inorganic salt melting temperature range of 700-900°C; The desalination chamber introduces temperature-adjusted water through the first porous wall surface to maintain the fluid temperature in the desalination chamber at the inorganic salt crystallization temperature of 400-500°C.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention divides the reactor into multiple functional chambers (combustion nozzle cooling chamber, supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber, temperature-controlled water distribution chamber and desalination chamber) and the outer flow space. This structural design enables the material to complete the combustion, temperature-controlled, desalination and other processes in different chambers in sequence, ensuring the realization of the overall function of the device. The coaxial arrangement of each chamber facilitates the orderly flow of materials and fluids, thereby improving the operating efficiency and stability of the device. The narrowing part cooperates with the temperature-controlled water distribution chamber to carry out refined temperature management for specific areas in the combustion chamber, meeting the strict temperature requirements of high-salt material combustion and subsequent treatment. The curved narrowing design changes the flow path of the fluid in the combustion chamber. diameter and velocity distribution; when the fluid passes through the narrowing part, the flow velocity will increase, forming a certain turbulent effect, which helps to enhance the mixing and mass transfer process inside the fluid; at the same time, the temperature-control water enters from the first porous wall, further disrupting the fluid flow, allowing the material, oxidant and combustion products to be more fully mixed, thereby improving the completeness of the combustion reaction; for the combustion process of high-salt materials, the design of the narrowing part can reduce the dead zone of the fluid in the combustion chamber and avoid the deposition of salt and other substances in local areas; the introduction of temperature-control water also helps to reduce the viscosity of the fluid, reduce the adhesion of salt on the wall, and prevent the normal operation and heat transfer efficiency of the combustion chamber from being affected by salt deposition.

[0018] Preferably, a forced ignition device is provided in the inner center of the combustion nozzle to ensure that the high-salt material and the oxidant can be reliably ignited and burned under supercritical hydrothermal conditions, thereby solving the problem of difficulty in igniting the high-salt material in a supercritical hydrothermal environment; the combustion nozzle cooling chamber isolates and surrounds the entire length of the combustion nozzle, and the curved surface is narrowed at the corresponding position at the bottom to form a nozzle portion, which can effectively cool the combustion nozzle to prevent it from being damaged by high temperature, and ensure that the material and the oxidant form a suitable flow pattern in the nozzle portion, which is conducive to the combustion reaction.

[0019] Preferably, an organic material inlet and an oxidant inlet are arranged on the top of the reactor pressure shell to facilitate the accurate introduction of the organic material and the oxidant into the isolation space formed by the combustion nozzle cooling chamber for the combustion nozzle, ensuring that the material and the oxidant can enter the combustion area according to the designed path, thereby improving the controllability and efficiency of the combustion reaction.

[0020] Preferably, the combustion nozzle cooling medium inlet arranged at the top of the reactor pressure shell is connected to the combustion nozzle cooling chamber, so that the cooling medium can be replenished to the cooling chamber in time to ensure the cooling effect of the cooling chamber on the combustion nozzle; the second porous wall surface arranged at the lower part of the combustion nozzle cooling chamber is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber, so that the material and oxidant cooled by the cooling chamber can evenly enter the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber, which is conducive to the full progress of the combustion reaction.

[0021] Preferably, a combustion chamber wall cooling device is provided along the vertical wall of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber, which can effectively control the temperature of the combustion chamber wall, prevent the wall from being damaged due to high temperature, and extend the service life of the device; at the same time, the combustion chamber temperature regulating water is introduced into the combustion chamber through the combustion chamber temperature regulating water inlet, which can adjust the temperature of the fluid in the combustion chamber, provide a suitable temperature environment for the supercritical hydrothermal combustion reaction, and improve the combustion efficiency and reaction stability.

[0022] Preferably, the combustion chamber wall cooling device is provided with a combustion chamber wall cooling medium inlet and outlet, which facilitates the entry and discharge of the cooling medium, can continuously cool the combustion chamber wall, ensure that the wall temperature is always within a safe range, and ensure the safe operation of the device.

[0023] Preferably, a filter is provided at the lower part of the desalination chamber, which can further filter the fluid treated by the mechanical desalination device, improve the desalination effect, and reduce the residual salt in the fluid; the mechanical desalination device is arranged along the entire height of the desalination chamber, which increases the contact area and time between the salt and the desalination device, improves the desalination efficiency, and ensures the purity of the product.

[0024] Preferably, the desalination chamber temperature regulating water inlet provided in the temperature regulating water distribution chamber can conveniently connect the temperature regulating water to the temperature regulating water distribution chamber. The temperature regulating water can evenly enter the desalination chamber through the first porous wall between the temperature regulating water distribution chamber and the narrowing part of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber, and adjust the fluid temperature in the desalination chamber, so that the inorganic salt exists in the combustion chamber and the desalination chamber in a molten state and a solid state respectively, which is conducive to the crystallization and separation of the salt.

[0025] Preferably, a pressure wall cooling device is provided on the pressure shell of the reactor and the bottom head of the reactor, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the pressure wall, prevent the strength of the pressure wall from decreasing due to high temperature, and ensure the safe operation of the device under high pressure environment; the pressure wall cooling device is provided with a pressure wall cooling medium inlet and outlet, which facilitates the recycling of the cooling medium and improves the cooling efficiency.

[0026] The temperature range of 400-500°C disclosed in the present invention can ensure that the combustion chamber wall will not be damaged by high temperature, and can also prevent the combustion reaction from being affected by too low temperature, thereby improving the safety and stability of the device; the temperature range of 700-900°C is conducive to the full combustion of high-salt materials under supercritical hydrothermal conditions, while keeping the inorganic salt in a molten state, facilitating subsequent desalination operations, and improving combustion efficiency and desalination effects; the temperature range of 400-500°C can cause the molten inorganic salt to crystallize rapidly, facilitating the desalination operations of a mechanical desalination device and a filter, and improving the desalination efficiency and product purity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the drawings are merely schematic and are used to facilitate understanding of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a forced ignition supercritical hydrothermal combustion device for high-salt materials in the first embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a method for using a high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device in the first embodiment; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a high-salt material forced ignition supercritical hydrothermal combustion device in the second embodiment.

[0028] Among them, 1. Reactor pressure shell; 2. Reactor bottom head; 3. Inorganic salt discharge port; 4. Forced ignition device; 5. Pressure wall cooling device; 6. Combustion chamber wall cooling device; 7. First porous wall; 8. Mechanical desalination device; 9. Filter; 10. Second porous wall; 11. Combustion nozzle; N1. Pressure wall cooling medium inlet; N2. Pressure wall cooling medium outlet; N3. Combustion chamber wall cooling medium outlet; N4. Combustion chamber wall cooling medium inlet; N5. Combustion chamber temperature control water inlet; N6. Combustion nozzle cooling medium inlet; N7. Organic material inlet; N8. Oxidant inlet; N9. Desalination chamber temperature control water inlet; N10. Reactant outlet; A1. Combustion nozzle cooling chamber; A2. Supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber; A3. Temperature control water distribution chamber; A4. Desalination chamber; A5. Flow space. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an element centered thereon. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an element centered thereon. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one skilled in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms used in this specification of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] Example 1 like Figure 1As shown, a high-salt material forced ignition supercritical hydrothermal combustion device includes a reactor pressure shell 1 and a reactor bottom head 2, which are combined to form an internal cavity. A combustion nozzle 11 is set at the top center of the internal cavity, and the internal cavity is coaxially arranged with a combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1, a supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2, a temperature-controlled water distribution chamber A3 and a desalination chamber A4 from top to bottom. A flow space A5 is isolated and set on the coaxial outer side of the four chambers. During operation, the reaction materials undergo a supercritical hydrothermal combustion reaction in the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2, flow through the desalination chamber A4 and further flow into the flow space A5.

[0033] Specifically, the pressure shell of the reactor and the bottom head 2 of the reactor can be made of nickel-based alloy, preferably Inconel625. This alloy material has a yield strength of more than 550MPa, high-temperature oxidation resistance of more than 900°C, and chloride ion corrosion resistance, making it suitable for supercritical water environments. Optionally, the outside of the reactor pressure shell 1 and the bottom head 2 of the reactor can also be sprayed with a ceramic-grade Al2O3-TiO2 composite coating with a thickness ranging from 0.3 to 0.5mm. A dense layer is formed by a plasma spraying process to further block the penetration of corrosive media. Optionally, annular corrugated reinforcement ribs are added to the connecting flange of the reactor pressure shell 1 and the bottom head 2 of the reactor to disperse thermal stress concentration.

[0034] A forced ignition device 4 is centrally located within the combustion nozzle 11. A combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1 isolates and surrounds the entire length of the combustion nozzle 11, and the combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1 curves and narrows at a corresponding position below the combustion nozzle 11 to form a nozzle portion. Specifically, the heat-generating portion of the forced ignition device 4 accounts for 10-100% of the total length of the ignition device and is located entirely within the combustion nozzle 11, not extending into the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2. This heat-generating portion forms a high-temperature hot surface for igniting organic matter and oxidants with relatively low ignition points. The combustion nozzle 11 can rationally control the flow field to correctly organize the spatial distribution of the high-temperature flame. The forced ignition device 4 triggers the supercritical hydrothermal flame, avoiding the risk of inorganic salt precipitation and pipeline clogging in high-salt materials. The cooling medium flows into the combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1 through the combustion nozzle cooling medium inlet N6. The combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1 is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2 via the second porous wall 10, and the cooling medium ultimately permeates the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2.

[0035] The design of the narrowed curved surface changes the flow path and velocity distribution of the fluid in the combustion chamber; when the fluid passes through the narrowed portion, the flow velocity will increase, forming a certain turbulent effect, which helps to enhance the mixing and mass transfer process inside the fluid; at the same time, the temperature-controlled water enters from the first porous wall 7, further disrupting the fluid flow, allowing the material, oxidant and combustion products to be more fully mixed, thereby improving the completeness of the combustion reaction; for the combustion process of high-salt materials, the design of the narrowed portion can reduce the dead zone of the fluid in the combustion chamber, and avoid the deposition of substances such as salt in local areas.

[0036] Optionally, the combustion nozzle 11 adopts a Rafael nozzle, which consists of a contraction section and an expansion section. The inlet diameter gradually decreases to the throat and then expands to the outlet. This design allows the fluid to reach the speed of sound in the throat and accelerate to supersonic speed in the expansion section. The Rafael nozzle can efficiently convert thermal energy into kinetic energy, and the outlet flow rate can be close to or exceed the speed of sound, with less energy loss. It can ensure that the material and oxidant form a suitable flow pattern in the nozzle, which is conducive to the combustion reaction. The use of the Rafael nozzle form accelerates the local flow field, and the high-temperature flame generated by the combustion is stable downstream of the nozzle, preventing the high-temperature flame from adhering to the forced ignition device 4 and burning the device.

[0037] The combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1 isolates and surrounds the combustion nozzle 11. The instantaneous ignition of the combustion nozzle 11 generates a burst of intense energy. To prevent the nozzle from deforming, burning, or corroding under repeated high-temperature conditions, it must be cooled. Cooling along the entire length of the nozzle helps alleviate localized thermal fatigue and concentrated thermal stress caused by uneven heat dissipation. Specifically, deionized water, mineral oil, or synthetic ester can be introduced into the combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1 through the cooling medium inlet. For oil-based cooling media, a screw or plunger pump can be used to accommodate high-temperature environments.

[0038] The flow space A5 is connected to the lower part of the desalting chamber A4, and the upper part of the flow space A5 is connected to the reactant outlet N10 set at the top of the reactor pressure shell 1; during operation, the reaction materials undergo supercritical hydrothermal combustion reaction in the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2, flow through the desalting chamber A4 and further flow into the flow space A5, and finally flow out from the reactant outlet N10.

[0039] A mechanical desalination device 8 is installed within the desalination chamber A4. Specifically, the mechanical desalination device 8 can be a scraper made of super-hard alloy (WC-Co) coated steel and driven by a corrosion-resistant reduction motor. An inorganic salt discharge port 3 is located below the desalination chamber A4. During operation, inorganic salts sink to the bottom end cap 2 of the reactor and flow out of the discharge port 3 to the outside.

[0040] The lower curved surface of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2 narrows into a cylindrical constriction. A tempered water distribution chamber A3 is located coaxially outside the constriction and communicates with the constriction via a first porous wall 7. Specifically, the lower curved surface of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2 and the inner wall of the cylindrical constriction can be lined with silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic to withstand the impact of explosive high-temperature airflow and the abrasion of salt crystals. Specifically, the first porous wall 7 is constructed of 316L sintered stainless steel felt, ensuring uniform flow of tempered water while preventing clogging by large salt particles. A desalination chamber tempered water inlet N9, located in the tempered water distribution chamber A3, facilitates the introduction of tempered water into the desalination chamber A3. Through the first porous wall 7 between the tempered water distribution chamber A3 and the constriction of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2, the tempered water evenly enters the desalination chamber A4, regulating the fluid temperature within the desalination chamber A4 and facilitating salt crystallization and separation.

[0041] An organic material inlet N7 and an oxidant inlet N8 are provided at the top of the reactor's pressure-bearing shell 1, for introducing the organic material and oxidant into the isolated space formed by the burner cooling chamber A1 and the burner 11. During operation, the organic material and oxidant flow into the burner 11 through the organic material inlet N7 and the oxidant inlet N8, respectively.

[0042] The cooling medium inlet of the combustion nozzle 11, located at the top of the reactor pressure shell 1, is connected to the combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1; a second porous wall 10 is provided at the bottom of the combustion nozzle cooling chamber A1, and the second porous wall 10 is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2. During operation, a combustion chamber wall cooling device 6 is provided on the wall of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2; combustion chamber temperature-regulating water flows into the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2 through the combustion chamber temperature-regulating water inlet N5. After the cooling medium penetrates the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2, a subcritical temperature water film is formed on the wall surface facing the fire, preventing the wall surface from overheating while dissolving inorganic salts near the wall surface; the salt-containing fluid continuously flows toward the high-temperature flame zone.

[0043] The supercritical water thermal combustion chamber A2 is provided with a combustion chamber wall cooling device 6 along its vertical wall; the supercritical water thermal combustion chamber A2 is provided with a combustion chamber temperature regulating water inlet N5 for connecting a pipeline to the combustion chamber temperature regulating water.

[0044] The combustion chamber wall cooling device 6 is provided with a combustion chamber wall cooling medium inlet N4 and a combustion chamber wall cooling medium outlet N3 for pipes to connect and discharge cooling medium. During operation, cooling medium flows into or out of the combustion chamber wall cooling device 6 through the combustion chamber wall cooling medium inlet N4 or the combustion chamber wall cooling medium outlet N3.

[0045] A filter 9 is installed at the bottom of the desalination chamber A4 and communicates with the flow space A5. The mechanical desalination device 8 extends along the entire height of the desalination chamber A4, covering the entire wall surface of the desalination chamber A4, including the filter 9. The installation of the filter 9 at the bottom of the desalination chamber A4 further filters the fluid processed by the mechanical desalination device 8, improving the desalination effect and reducing residual salt in the fluid. The mechanical desalination device 8 extends the entire height of the desalination chamber A4, increasing the contact area and time between the salt and the desalination device, improving desalination efficiency, and ensuring product purity.

[0046] The temperature-controlled water distribution chamber A3 is provided with a desalination chamber temperature-controlled water inlet N9 for piped temperature-controlled water. During operation, the temperature-controlled water flows into the temperature-controlled water distribution chamber A3 through the desalination chamber temperature-controlled water inlet N9, and the warm water distribution chamber A3 is connected to the desalination chamber A4 through the first porous wall 7.

[0047] The pressure-bearing wall cooling device 5 is provided on the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the reactor and the bottom head 2 of the reactor. The pressure-bearing wall cooling device 5 is provided with a pressure-bearing wall cooling medium inlet N1 and a pressure-bearing wall cooling medium outlet N2, which are used for connecting a pipeline to discharge the cooling medium. Specifically, the pressure-bearing wall cooling device 5 can be in the form of a spiral water-cooled wall, a jacket, a spiral coil, etc. The pressure-bearing wall cooling device 5 is provided on the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the reactor and the bottom head 2 of the reactor, which can effectively reduce the temperature of the pressure wall, prevent the pressure wall strength from decreasing due to high temperature, and ensure the safe operation of the device under high pressure environment; the pressure-bearing wall cooling medium inlet N1 and outlet provided on the pressure-bearing wall cooling device 5 facilitate the recycling of the cooling medium and improve the cooling efficiency.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, this example provides a method for using a high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: The combustion chamber wall cooling device 6 maintains the combustion chamber wall temperature at 400-500°C through the cooling medium; The combustion chamber temperature-adjusting water inlet N5 passes the combustion chamber temperature-adjusting water into the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2 to maintain the fluid temperature in the combustion chamber within the inorganic salt melting temperature range of 700-900°C; Temperature-adjusted water is introduced into the desalination chamber A4 through the first porous wall 7 to maintain the fluid temperature in the desalination chamber A4 at the inorganic salt crystallization temperature of 400-500°C.

[0049] Maintaining the combustion chamber wall in the temperature range of 400-500°C can not only ensure that the combustion chamber wall will not be damaged by high temperature, but also prevent the combustion reaction from being affected by too low temperature, thereby improving the safety and stability of the device; maintaining the fluid in the temperature range of 700-900°C is conducive to the full combustion of high-salt materials under supercritical hydrothermal conditions, while keeping the inorganic salt in a molten state, facilitating subsequent desalination operations, and improving combustion efficiency and desalination effects; maintaining the fluid temperature in the desalination chamber A4 in the temperature range of 400-500°C can enable the molten inorganic salt to crystallize rapidly, facilitating the desalination operations of the mechanical desalination device 8 and the filter 9, and improving the desalination efficiency and product purity. This method overcomes the technical bottleneck of inorganic salt deposition on the combustion chamber wall by regulating the temperature of each chamber so that the inorganic salt exists in a molten state in the combustion chamber and flows into the desalination chamber A4.

[0050] Example 2 like Figure 3 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is: 1) The combustion chamber wall cooling device 6 is arranged in an annular shape around the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber A2; 2) The reactor pressure shell 1 is cylindrical with a variable cross-section; 3) The pressure wall cooling medium inlet N1, the pressure wall cooling medium outlet N2, the combustion chamber temperature control water inlet N5, and the combustion nozzle 11 cooling medium inlet are all connected to the cooling medium or temperature control water system outside the reactor pressure shell 1 through horizontal or oblique pipelines.

[0051] The annular setting can achieve uniform heat conduction to the combustion chamber wall. The continuous annular layout reduces cooling blind spots, allowing full cooling coverage of the combustion chamber surface to avoid the risk of local ablation. At the same time, the annular setting can suppress the concentration of pipeline expansion stress caused by temperature fluctuations and reduce local thermal failure.

[0052] The variable-section cylindrical shell adjusts the flow velocity distribution by changing the diameter gradient, converting the high-pressure kinetic energy of the high-speed fluid in the combustion nozzle 11 into a high-velocity heat flow, which enters the wider combustion chamber, is beneficial to reducing the impact and wear of the heat flow on the downstream combustion chamber and providing space for gas mixing and combustion.

[0053] Horizontal piping is inserted at a 45-60° angle, reducing localized velocity fluctuations compared to vertical connections, inhibiting cavitation erosion and vibration fatigue cracking. The stable flow rate provides timely cooling, reducing particle deposition rates. The angled connection enables a modular quick-disconnect design, allowing for independent removal of single-point piping using specialized fixtures during maintenance, reducing maintenance time.

[0054] In summary, the present invention discloses a forced ignition supercritical hydrothermal combustion device suitable for high-salt materials, which has the following characteristics: 1. Stable ignition of cold materials to avoid precipitation of inorganic salts: The forced ignition device 4 allows high-salt materials to enter the reactor at subcritical temperature, effectively preventing inorganic salt precipitation and blockage at the reactor inlet; the forced ignition device 4 ignites the supercritical hydrothermal flame with relatively low energy, significantly reducing ignition energy consumption.

[0055] 2. The combustion nozzle 11 regulates the flow field to prevent the burning of key parts: The reactor is equipped with a combustion nozzle 11 in the form of a Rafale nozzle to accelerate the flow field of important components such as the ignition device, push the high-temperature flame away from the key components, and prevent them from burning.

[0056] 3. Regulate the temperature of each chamber to effectively remove inorganic salts. Supercritical hydrothermal combustion temperatures typically exceed 700°C. This high temperature precludes the installation of a desalination device within the combustion chamber, and inorganic salts easily deposit on the walls. This present invention regulates the combustion chamber temperature to molten inorganic salts, which flow along with the fluid into desalination chamber A4. Within desalination chamber A4, the inorganic salts are cooled to a crystallization temperature and deposited as a solid into the inorganic salt buffer chamber.

[0057] The above embodiment is only one of the implementation methods that can realize the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited only to this embodiment, but also includes changes, replacements and other implementation methods that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with this technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A supercritical hydrothermal combustion device for forced ignition of high-salt materials, characterized in that: It includes a reactor pressure-bearing shell and a reactor bottom head, which are combined to form an internal cavity; a combustion nozzle is arranged at the top center of the internal cavity, and the internal cavity is coaxially arranged with a combustion nozzle cooling chamber, a supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber, a temperature-adjusting water distribution chamber and a desalination chamber from top to bottom, and a flow space is isolated and arranged on the coaxial outer sides of the four chambers; the flow space is connected with the lower part of the desalination chamber, and the upper part of the flow space is connected with the reactant outlet arranged at the top of the reactor pressure-bearing shell; a salt discharge port is arranged below the desalination chamber; the lower curved surface of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber is narrowed to a cylindrical narrowing portion, and a temperature-adjusting water distribution chamber is arranged on the coaxial outer side of the narrowing portion, and the temperature-adjusting water distribution chamber is connected with the narrowing portion through a first porous wall surface; a mechanical desalination device is arranged in the desalination chamber.

2. A high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A forced ignition device is arranged at the center of the combustion nozzle; the combustion nozzle cooling chamber forms an isolation and surrounds the combustion nozzle over its entire length, and the combustion nozzle cooling chamber is narrowed at a corresponding position at the lower part of the combustion nozzle to form a nozzle portion.

3. A high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: An organic material inlet and an oxidant inlet are arranged on the top of the pressure-bearing shell of the reactor, for introducing the organic material and the oxidant into the isolation space formed by the combustion nozzle cooling chamber for the combustion nozzle.

4. A high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion nozzle cooling medium inlet arranged on the top of the reactor pressure shell is connected to the combustion nozzle cooling chamber; the lower part of the combustion nozzle cooling chamber is provided with a second porous wall surface, which is connected to the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber.

5. The high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supercritical water thermal combustion chamber is provided with a combustion chamber wall cooling device along its vertical wall; the supercritical water thermal combustion chamber is provided with a combustion chamber temperature regulating water inlet for connecting a pipeline to the combustion chamber temperature regulating water.

6. A high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The combustion chamber wall cooling device is provided with a combustion chamber wall cooling medium inlet and a combustion chamber wall cooling medium outlet for pipe access and discharge of cooling medium.

7. The high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter is arranged at the lower part of the desalination chamber, and the filter is communicated with the flow space; and the mechanical desalination device is arranged along the full height of the desalination chamber.

8. The high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature-adjusted water distribution chamber is provided with a temperature-adjusted water inlet of the desalination chamber for pipe access to the temperature-adjusted water.

9. The high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor pressure shell and the bottom head of the reactor are both provided with a pressure wall cooling device, and the pressure wall cooling device is provided with a pressure wall cooling medium inlet and a pressure wall cooling medium outlet for connecting a pipeline to discharge the cooling medium.

10. A method for using a high-salt material forced ignition type supercritical hydrothermal combustion device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The combustion chamber wall cooling device maintains the combustion chamber wall temperature at 400-500℃ through the cooling medium; The combustion chamber temperature-adjusting water inlet introduces the combustion chamber temperature-adjusting water into the supercritical hydrothermal combustion chamber to maintain the fluid temperature in the combustion chamber within the inorganic salt melting temperature range of 700-900°C; The desalination chamber introduces temperature-adjusted water through the first porous wall surface to maintain the fluid temperature in the desalination chamber at the inorganic salt crystallization temperature of 400-500°C.

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