A composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating particulate material flow and its usage method

Abstract

This application discloses a composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating particulate material flow and its usage method, relating to the field of geological engineering. It includes: a test chamber for providing test space and controlling test temperature; a drum rotatably disposed within the test chamber for containing particulate material; a rotation drive assembly for driving the drum to rotate along its axial direction; a terrain simulation module disposed on the drum for simulating the geological morphology of the particulate material's location; a sensing module for collecting flow parameters, temperature parameters, and mechanical parameters of the particulate material; and a control module. This application improves the efficiency of collecting parameters related to the behavior of particulate materials under complex conditions by facilitating the simulation and maintenance of the relative stability of the morphology of ice-rock mixed particles during the test, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of research on the behavior of particulate materials in complex environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of geological engineering, and in particular to a composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of rapid global climate change, geological hazards triggered by multiphase particulate mixtures in low-temperature environments are becoming increasingly prominent, such as glacial rockfalls, glacial lake outbursts, and glacial debris flows. These hazards not only seriously threaten human safety but also cause significant damage to the ecological environment. Statistics show that over the past 20 years, slope instability and large-scale rapid particulate movement in steep mountainous areas caused by glacial melting and permafrost degradation have occurred frequently, resulting in numerous casualties and property losses. Therefore, in-depth research into the behavior of particulate mixtures in extremely complex environments is of great significance for predicting and preventing geological hazards.

[0003] Currently, rotating drum testing devices are key experimental platforms for studying the flow characteristics of particulate materials and multiphase flow dynamics. Their core function is to simulate the behavior of particle flow in dynamic environments through controlled rotational motion, enabling long-term, high-precision observation and analysis of flow characteristics. However, traditional rotating drum testing devices struggle to meet the demands of complex environments. For example, in low-temperature environments, simulating ice-rock mixed particles in glacial gullies or tillite morphologies reduces the effectiveness of studying the behavior of particulate materials in complex environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the aforementioned related technologies, this application provides a composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating particulate material flow and its usage method. This application broadens the temperature range for simulating particulate material flow through the test chamber and expands the diversity of terrain for simulating particulate material flow through the terrain simulation module. In particular, it is beneficial for simulating the morphology of ice-rock mixed particles (glacial grooves, glacial moraines) under low-temperature environments, which helps maintain the relative stability of the morphology of ice-rock mixed particles during the experiment. The sensing and control modules detect and collect various parameters under the simulated complex environment. The overall device meets the needs of complex environments, improves the efficiency of collecting parameters related to the behavior of particulate materials under complex conditions, and enhances the effectiveness of research on the behavior of particulate materials in complex environments.

[0005] Firstly, the composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials includes:

[0007] The test chamber is used to provide a test space and control the test temperature;

[0008] A roller, rotatably mounted inside the test chamber, is used to contain particulate material;

[0009] A rotation drive assembly for driving the roller to rotate along its axial direction;

[0010] A terrain simulation module, mounted on the roller, is used to simulate the geological features of the granular material.

[0011] The sensing module is used to collect flow parameters, temperature parameters, and mechanical parameters of particulate materials;

[0012] The control module is connected to the rotation drive component, the terrain simulation module, and the sensing module via wired / wireless means. It is used to output signals to control the rotation drive component and the terrain simulation module and to receive and store the parameters output by the sensing module.

[0013] Preferably, the inner wall of the roller is provided with a plurality of clearance holes, and the terrain simulation module includes an elastic simulation cylinder coaxially disposed on the inner side of the roller, a sleeve coaxially disposed on the outer side of the roller, a push block embedded in the clearance holes, and a linear drive for driving the push block to move radially along the roller. The linear drive is disposed on the sleeve, and its working end passes through the roller and is connected to the push block.

[0014] Preferably, the array of multiple clearance holes is distributed on the inner wall of the roller.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of first magnetic attracting elements are embedded on the inner wall of the roller, and a second magnetic attracting element for connecting with the first magnetic attracting elements is embedded in the elastic simulation cylinder, and the first magnetic attracting elements and the clearance holes are arranged alternately.

[0016] Preferably, the relief hole is stepped in the radial direction, and the inner diameter of the end of the relief hole near the elastic simulation cylinder is larger than the inner diameter of the other end. When the end of the push block away from the elastic simulation cylinder abuts against the stepped surface of the relief hole, the end of the push block near the elastic simulation cylinder is flush with the inner wall of the roller.

[0017] By adopting the above scheme, when terrain simulation is required, the linear drive component is controlled by the control module to drive the push blocks at different positions to move towards the elastic simulation cylinder according to the preset size. The elastic simulation cylinder undergoes elastic deformation due to the push of the push blocks. The array formed by multiple push blocks, combined with the attraction of the first and second magnetic components, jointly drives the elastic simulation cylinder to form an undulating shape. The specific degree of undulation can be simulated according to the actual glacial gullies, moraines, and other morphologies. Different displacement parameters of the push blocks at different positions are preset and input into the control module in advance, thereby realizing the simulation of different terrains and expanding the diversity of terrain for simulating the flow of granular materials.

[0018] Preferably, the rotation drive assembly includes a rotation drive component, a coupling, and a drive shaft connected in sequence on the test box. A connecting plate is coaxially fixed to one end of the roller near the drive shaft. One end of the drive shaft is fixed to the coupling, and the other end passes through the test box and is coaxially fixed to the connecting plate.

[0019] Preferably, a sealing plate is coaxially fixed to the end of the roller away from the connecting plate. Both the sealing plate and the connecting plate are provided with sealing rings that abut against the roller on their respective plate surfaces. A snap-fit ​​groove is opened at the end of the sealing ring near the roller. The ends of the roller and the elastic simulation cylinder are inserted into the snap-fit ​​groove.

[0020] Preferably, the sensing module includes a displacement sensor for detecting the thickness of the particulate material, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the particulate material, a high-speed camera for capturing the migration trajectory of the particulate material, a pressure sensor for detecting the normal stress on the inner wall of the drum, a shear load sensor for detecting the shear stress on the inner wall of the drum, and a pore water pressure sensor for detecting the pore water pressure of the particulate material. The displacement sensor, temperature sensor, and high-speed camera are fixed on the connecting plate, and the pressure sensor, shear load sensor, and pore water pressure sensor are fixed on the inner wall of the drum. The working end of the pore water pressure sensor extends through the elastic simulation cylinder into the particulate material.

[0021] Preferably, the test chamber includes a base plate, a housing covered on the base plate, a temperature control device, an air inlet pipe, and a return air pipe. The air inlet pipe connects the air outlet of the temperature control device and the housing, and the return air pipe connects the air inlet of the temperature control device and the housing.

[0022] Secondly, the method of using the composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0023] A method for using a composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials is characterized by the following steps: taking a particulate material sample, setting the target temperature of the test chamber, controlling the terrain simulation module to adjust the simulated terrain through the control module, controlling the rotation drive component to start the drum to idle, recording various parameters of the sensing module and verifying the signal stability of the sensing module, placing the sample in the drum, setting the drum speed gradient and the number of times each speed is continuously rotated through the control module, receiving and storing the output parameters of the sensing module through the control module, and stopping the experiment after the preset conditions are reached.

[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] This application expands the temperature range for simulating particulate material flow through the test chamber and broadens the diversity of terrain for simulating particulate material flow through the terrain simulation module. In particular, it is beneficial to maintain the relative stability of the morphology of ice-rock mixed particles (glacial grooves, glacial moraines) under low-temperature conditions. The sensing and control modules detect and collect various parameters under the simulated complex environment. The overall device meets the needs of complex environments, improves the efficiency of collecting parameters related to the behavior of particulate materials under complex conditions, and enhances the effectiveness of studying the behavior of particulate materials in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the box in Embodiment 1 of this application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of this application used to illustrate the internal structure of the sleeve;

[0029] Figure 4 This is an exploded view of Embodiment 1 of this application used to illustrate the internal structure of the sleeve;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of Embodiment 1 of this application used to illustrate the sensing module.

[0031] Reference numerals: 1. Roller; 2. Control module; 3. Test chamber; 31. Base plate; 32. Chamber; 33. Temperature control device; 34. Air inlet duct; 35. Air return duct; 4. Rotation drive assembly; 41. Rotation drive component; 42. Reducer; 43. Coupling; 44. Drive shaft; 5. Operating door; 6. Observation window; 7. Mounting base; 8. Sensing module; 81. Displacement sensor; 82. High-speed camera; 83. Temperature sensor; 84. Pore water pressure sensor; 85. Pressure sensor; 86. Shear load sensor; 9. Terrain simulation module; 91. Elastic simulation cylinder; 92. Sleeve; 93. Push block; 94. Linear drive component; 10. Connecting plate; 11. Clearance hole; 12. Sealing plate; 13. Sealing ring; 14. First magnetic suction component; 15. Second magnetic suction component; 16. Support wheel; 17. Snap ring groove. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, specific conditions in the following embodiments were performed under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Unless otherwise specified, the methods used are conventional methods known in the art, and the consumables and reagents used are commercially available. Unless otherwise stated, the technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those familiar to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, any methods or materials similar to or equivalent to those described may also be used in this invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Embodiment 1 of this application provides a composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials.

[0035] A composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials, referring to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The system includes a test chamber 3 for providing test space and controlling test temperature, a roller 1 rotatably disposed inside the test chamber 3 for containing particulate material, a rotation drive assembly 4 for driving the roller 1 to rotate along its axial direction, a terrain simulation module 9 disposed on the roller 1 for simulating the geological features of the particulate material, a sensing module 8 for collecting flow parameters, temperature parameters and mechanical parameters of the particulate material, and a control module 2. The control module 2 is connected to the rotation drive assembly 4, the terrain simulation module 9 and the sensing module 8 via wired / wireless means, and is used to output signals to control the rotation drive assembly 4 and the terrain simulation module 9 and to receive and store the parameters output by the sensing module 8. The test chamber 3 includes a base plate 31, a housing 32 covered on the base plate 31, a temperature control device 33 fixed on the base plate 31, an air inlet duct 34, and a return air duct 35. In this embodiment, the housing 32 adopts a double-layer stainless steel structure with insulation cotton filling the interlayer. The temperature control device 33 is a commercially available ordinary air-cooled ultra-low temperature (-20°C) air cooler. The air cooler is electrically connected to the control module 2. The air inlet duct 34 connects the air cooler outlet to the bottom of the housing 32, and the return air duct 35 connects the air cooler inlet to the top of the housing 32. Both the air inlet duct 34 and the return air duct 35 are symmetrically arranged in twos. The cold air output by the air cooler is input from both sides of the top of the housing 32 and returns to the air cooler through the bottom return air duct 35, realizing air circulation temperature control inside the housing 32. In other embodiments, the temperature control device 33 can also be a hot air blower or a high-low temperature integrated machine, etc., for cooling and heating. On the side of the housing 32 away from the air cooler, there is also an operating door 5, which is equipped with an anti-condensation observation window 6 (through a double-layer glass design, with a transparent conductive film ITO embedded in the interlayer, and the surface temperature is adjusted by a PID temperature control module to eliminate the problem of frost formation on the observation window 6 in low-temperature environments).

[0036] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The roller 1 is rotatably disposed inside the housing 32. In this application, the diameter of the roller 1 is 1800mm and the width in the axial direction is 545mm. A mounting base 7 is fixed on the bottom plate 31 outside the housing 32. A rotation drive assembly 4 for driving the roller 1 to rotate along its axial direction is fixed on the mounting base 7. The rotation drive assembly 4 includes a rotation drive component 41, a reducer 42, a coupling 43 and a transmission shaft 44 connected in sequence. In this embodiment, the rotation drive component 41 is a 5.5kW servo motor (rated speed 3000r / min). The servo motor is fixed on the mounting base 7 and electrically connected to the control module 2. Its output end is connected to the reducer 42. The output shaft of the reducer 42 is coaxially fixed to the transmission shaft 44 through the coupling 43. A connecting plate 10 is coaxially fixed to one end of the roller 1 near the transmission shaft 44. One end of the transmission shaft 44 is fixed to the coupling 43, and the other end passes through the test housing 3 and is coaxially fixed to the connecting plate 10.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 Multiple clearance holes 11 are provided on the inner wall of the roller 1. The terrain simulation module 9 includes an elastic simulation cylinder 91 coaxially disposed on the inner side of the roller 1, a sleeve 92 coaxially disposed on the outer side of the roller 1, a push block 93 embedded in the clearance holes 11, and a linear drive component 94 for driving the push block 93 to move radially along the roller 1. The sleeve 92 is fixedly connected to the roller 1 through a connecting plate 10. The elastic simulation cylinder 91 is made of polyurethane material. In this embodiment, the linear drive component 94 is an electric push rod, which is fixed on the inner wall of the sleeve 92. Its built-in encoder feeds back position signals to the control module 2, and its working end passes through the roller 1 and is connected to the push block 93.

[0038] Reference Figure 3 Furthermore, to balance the complexity of terrain simulation and the significance of terrain undulations, multiple clearance holes 11 are arrayed on the inner wall of the roller 1. In this embodiment, the clearance holes 11 are distributed in three groups along the axial direction of the roller 1 and eight groups along the circumference, that is, the corresponding push blocks 93 are distributed in a 3×8 array on the roller 1. The distance between adjacent push blocks 93 along the axial direction of the roller 1 is 136.25 mm, and the distance between adjacent push blocks 93 along the circumference of the roller 1 is 706.5 mm. Each push block 93 is independently adjustable by an electric push rod. Moreover, the end of the push block 93 near the elastic simulation cylinder 91 is arc-shaped, and its outer arc surface faces the elastic simulation cylinder 91. On the one hand, this improves the continuity of the contact position when multiple push blocks 93 simultaneously push the elastic simulation cylinder 91 to deform, and on the other hand, it reduces the stress when the push block 93 abuts against the elastic simulation cylinder 91 to avoid damage to the elastic simulation cylinder 91.

[0039] Reference Figure 3Furthermore, the clearance hole 11 is stepped along its radial direction, with the inner diameter of the end of the clearance hole 11 near the elastic simulation cylinder 91 being larger than the inner diameter of the other end. When the end of the push block 93 away from the elastic simulation cylinder 91 abuts against the stepped surface of the clearance hole 11, the end of the push block 93 near the elastic simulation cylinder 91 is flush with the inner wall of the roller 1. When simulating flat terrain, the push block 93 is driven to retract into the clearance hole 11, with one end abutting against the stepped surface and the other end flush with the inner wall of the roller 1, to prevent deformation of the elastic simulation cylinder 91.

[0040] Reference Figure 3 To facilitate fixing the elastic simulation cylinder 91 to the roller 1, multiple first magnetic suction elements 14 are embedded in the inner wall of the roller 1. The elastic simulation cylinder 91 is also embedded with second magnetic suction elements 15 for connection with the first magnetic suction elements 14. The first magnetic suction elements 14 and the clearance holes 11 are arranged alternately. In this embodiment, both the first magnetic suction elements 14 and the second magnetic suction elements 15 are magnetic pieces, connected by the attraction of opposite poles of the magnets. Furthermore, to balance the deformation amplitude of the elastic simulation cylinder 91 and the attraction force of the magnetic pieces, the higher the magnetism of the magnetic pieces, the better. The displacement range of the electric push rod driving the push block 93 is controlled within 0-30mm. This improves the stability of the connection between the elastic simulation cylinder 91 and the roller 1 when simulating terrain, and also minimizes the risk of excessive deformation of the elastic simulation cylinder 91 leading to loosening or even breakage.

[0041] When simulating uneven terrain, electric push rods drive push blocks 93 at different positions to move toward the elastic simulation cylinder 91 according to preset dimensions. The elastic simulation cylinder 91 undergoes elastic deformation due to the push of the push blocks 93. The array formed by multiple push blocks 93, combined with the attraction of the first magnetic suction component 14 and the second magnetic suction component 15, drives the elastic simulation cylinder 91 to form an undulating shape. The specific degree of undulation can be simulated according to the actual glacial gullies, moraines, and other morphologies. The shape of gullies, ridges, and steps can be simulated. Different displacement parameters of push blocks 93 at different positions are preset and input into the control module 2 in advance, thereby realizing the simulation of different terrains and expanding the diversity of terrain for simulating the flow of granular materials.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4 A sealing plate 12 is coaxially fixed to the end of the roller 1 away from the connecting plate 10. Sealing rings 13 that abut against the roller 1 are provided on the surfaces of the sealing plate 12 and the connecting plate 10 that are close to each other. A snap-fit ​​groove 17 is provided at the end of the sealing ring 13 closest to the roller 1. The ends of the roller 1 and the elastic simulation cylinder 91 are inserted into the snap-fit ​​groove 17. The roller 1, the connecting plate 10, and the sealing plate 12 are fixed together by bolts.

[0043] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5The sensing module 8 includes a displacement sensor 81 for detecting the thickness of the particulate material, a temperature sensor 83 for detecting the temperature of the particulate material, a high-speed camera 82 for capturing the migration trajectory of the particulate material, a pressure sensor 85 for detecting the normal stress on the inner wall of the roller 1, a shear load sensor 86 for detecting the shear stress on the inner wall of the roller 1, and a pore water pressure sensor 84 for detecting the pore water pressure of the particulate material. Displacement sensor 81, temperature sensor 83, and high-speed camera 82 are fixed on connecting plate 10. Displacement sensor 81 is a laser displacement sensor, and two are provided, symmetrically distributed radially along connecting plate 10. The working end of temperature sensor 83 extends into the granular material. Pressure sensor 85, shear load sensor 86, and pore water pressure sensor 84 are fixed on the inner wall of roller 1. Pressure sensor 85 and shear load sensor 86 measure the normal and shear stress distribution of the granular material on the elastic simulation cylinder 91, reflecting the dynamic changes in interfacial friction characteristics. The working end of pore water pressure sensor 84 extends into the granular material through the elastic simulation cylinder 91, directly contacting the intergranular gaps via its miniature probe structure (diameter ≤3mm) to monitor the dynamic changes in pore water pressure in the granular material in real time. The signals acquired by the above sensors and high-speed camera 82 are transmitted to control module 2 for storage. Through modular layout and collaborative measurement mechanism, the experimental functionality expandability and data acquisition reliability are improved.

[0044] Reference Figure 2 To improve the stability of the roller 1, two support wheels 16 are rotatably connected to the bottom plate 31 inside the housing 32. The two support wheels 16 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the roller 1. The rotation axis of the support wheel 16 is parallel to the axis of the roller 1, and its peripheral wall abuts against the outer wall of the sleeve 92, thereby supporting the roller 1 through the sleeve 92, the connecting plate 10 and the sealing plate 12.

[0045] The specific implementation principle of the composite temperature-controlled rotary drum test device for simulating the flow of particulate materials in Embodiment 1 of this application is as follows: Take a particulate material sample, set the target temperature, control module 2 controls the start of the cooling fan, and according to the target terrain, control module 2 controls each electric push rod to push the corresponding push block 93 to move the required displacement parameters, controls the start of the servo motor, drives the drum 1 to rotate idling, records the parameters of the sensing module 8 and verifies the signal stability of the sensing module 8, places the sample in the drum 1, sets the speed gradient of the drum 1 and the number of times each group of speeds is continuously rotated through the control module 2, and starts the servo motor according to the set speed gradient of the drum 1 and the number of times each group of speeds is continuously rotated when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 83 reaches the target temperature. During this period, the control module 2 receives and stores the output parameters of the sensing module 8, and stops the experiment after the preset conditions are reached.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Embodiment 2 of this application provides a method for using a composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials, including the following steps:

[0048] Sample preparation: Mix the particulate materials uniformly according to the target gradation, weigh a certain mass of particulate materials according to the test requirements, and pre-wet and let stand for 24 hours to obtain the sample; to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test results, control the maximum particle size to be less than 1 / 10 of the maximum flow height to avoid size effect interference;

[0049] Idle calibration: Set a flat terrain through control module 2, that is, control module 2 controls the electric push rod to drive the push block 93 to move into the clearance hole 11, start the servo motor, and idle the roller 1 for two to three revolutions at 5 rpm, record the average idle torque, and verify the stability of each sensor signal to eliminate mechanical vibration interference.

[0050] Sample loading and pre-shearing: The sample is evenly loaded into the drum 1, and the maximum loading height is less than 1 / 2 of the radial thickness of the drum 1 cavity to avoid particle overflow; after the sample is installed, rotate it at a low speed of 1 rpm for 2 revolutions to allow the particles to accumulate naturally and evenly cover the elastic simulation cylinder 91, and check for abnormal sensor response at the same time.

[0051] Experimental setup and data acquisition: Set the rotational speed gradient of the rotating drum 1 and the number of times the target is continuously rotated at each speed. Start the servo motor. The laser displacement sensor 81 monitors the change in particle flow thickness in real time. The pressure sensor 85 and the shear load sensor 86 record the distribution of normal stress and shear stress. The high-speed camera 82, in conjunction with the lateral LED light source, captures the particle migration trajectory and simultaneously records the data from the pore water pressure sensor 84.

[0052] Experiment completion and data analysis: After the preset conditions are met, the servo motor is turned off, and the sample is quickly removed for moisture content calibration; combined with sensor and image data, the flow behavior of wet particle flow is analyzed.

[0053] The specific implementation principle of the method of using the roller 1 test device for simulating the flow of granular materials in Embodiment 2 of this application is as follows: the control module 2 controls the electric push rod to drive the push block 93 to move into the clearance hole 11 to simulate flat terrain, and to detect and analyze various parameters in the flow of wet granular materials.

[0054] Example 3

[0055] Embodiment 3 of this application provides a method for using a composite temperature-controlled rotary drum testing device for simulating the flow of particulate materials, including the following steps:

[0056] Sample preparation: Ice particles of the designed size and rock fragments were mixed at the target volume ratio and placed in a -20℃ freezer for 4 hours to ensure stable cementation at the ice-rock interface, thus obtaining the sample.

[0057] Low-temperature environment construction: Set the target temperature (-20℃) and start the air cooler; monitor the internal temperature of the drum 1 cavity in real time through temperature sensor 83, and maintain the low-temperature environment continuously for ≥30 minutes after the preset temperature level is reached to avoid temperature fluctuations;

[0058] Idle calibration: The glacier trough terrain is set by the control module 2, that is, the control module 2 controls the electric push rod to drive the push block 93 to move until the elastic simulation cylinder 91 is deformed to simulate the undulating shape of the glacier trough. The servo motor is started and the roller 1 is idled at 5 rpm for two to three revolutions. The average idle torque is recorded and the stability of each sensor signal is verified to eliminate mechanical vibration interference.

[0059] Sample loading and pre-shearing: The sample is evenly loaded into the drum 1, and the maximum loading height is less than 1 / 2 of the radial thickness of the drum 1 cavity to avoid particle overflow; after the sample is installed, rotate it at a low speed of 1 rpm for 2 revolutions to allow the particles to accumulate naturally and evenly cover the elastic simulation cylinder 91, and check for abnormal sensor response at the same time.

[0060] Experimental setup and data acquisition: The rotational speed gradient of the rotating drum 1 and the number of times the target is continuously rotated at each speed are set. When the temperature sensor 83 detects that the temperature reaches -20℃, the servo motor is started. The laser displacement sensor 81 monitors the change in particle flow thickness in real time. The pressure sensor 85 and the shear load sensor 86 record the distribution of normal stress and shear stress. The high-speed camera 82, in conjunction with the lateral LED light source, captures the particle migration trajectory and simultaneously records the data from the pore water pressure sensor 84.

[0061] Experiment completion and data analysis: After the preset conditions are met, the servo motor and air cooler are turned off, and samples are quickly collected for particle analysis; combined with sensor and image data, the flow behavior of ice-rock mixture in glacial trough environment is analyzed.

[0062] The specific implementation principle of the method of using a composite temperature-controlled rotary drum test device for simulating the flow of particulate materials in Embodiment 3 of this application is as follows: the control module 2 sets the glacial groove terrain, that is, the control module 2 controls the electric push rod to drive the push block 93 to move until the elastic simulation cylinder 91 deforms, so as to simulate the undulating shape of the glacial groove, and detect and analyze various parameters in the flow of ice-rock mixture under the complex environmental conditions of glacial groove terrain and -20℃.

[0063] The specific embodiments are merely explanations of this application and are not intended to limit it. Those skilled in the art can make modifications to these embodiments without contributing any inventive step after reading this specification, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A composite temperature-controlled rotating drum test apparatus for simulating the flow of particulate material, characterised in that: The utility model relates to a kind of test box and test device for testing the flow of granular material in the test box, comprising: Test box, for providing test space and controlling test temperature; Roller, rotationally disposed in the test box, for containing granular material; Rotary drive assembly for driving the roller to rotate along its axial direction; Terrain simulation module, disposed on the roller, for simulating the geological features of the granular material; Sensing module for collecting flow parameters, temperature parameters and mechanical parameters of the granular material; Control module, connected to the rotary drive assembly, the terrain simulation module and the sensing module through wired / wireless mode, for outputting signals to control the rotary drive assembly and the terrain simulation module and receiving and storing the parameters output by the sensing module; A plurality of clearance holes are formed on the inner wall of the roller, the terrain simulation module includes an elastic simulation cylinder coaxially disposed inside the roller, a sleeve coaxially disposed outside the roller, a push block embedded in the clearance hole, and a linear drive member for driving the push block to move radially along the roller, the linear drive member is disposed on the sleeve, and its working end penetrates the roller and is connected to the push block; A plurality of the clearance holes are arrayed on the inner wall of the roller, a plurality of first magnetic attraction members are embedded on the inner wall of the roller, and second magnetic attraction members for connecting the first magnetic attraction members are embedded in the elastic simulation cylinder, the first magnetic attraction members are staggered with the clearance holes.

2. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum test apparatus for simulating flow of particulate material according to claim 1, wherein: The clearance hole is stepped along its radial direction, the inner diameter of one end of the clearance hole close to the elastic simulation cylinder is larger than that of the other end, and when the one end of the push block away from the elastic simulation cylinder abuts against the stepped surface of the clearance hole, the one end of the push block close to the elastic simulation cylinder is flush with the inner wall of the roller.

3. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum test apparatus for simulating flow of particulate material of claim 1, wherein: The rotary drive assembly includes a rotary drive member, a speed reducer, a coupling and a transmission shaft connected in sequence on the test box, a connecting plate is coaxially fixed to one end of the roller close to the transmission shaft, one end of the transmission shaft is fixed to the coupling, and the other end penetrates the test box and is coaxially fixed to the connecting plate.

4. A composite temperature controlled rotating drum test apparatus for simulating the flow of particulate material according to claim 3, wherein: A sealing plate is coaxially fixed to one end of the roller away from the connecting plate, a sealing ring abutting against the roller is arranged on the plate surface of the sealing plate and the connecting plate close to each other, a clamping ring groove is formed on one end of the sealing ring close to the roller, and the end of the roller and the elastic simulation cylinder is inserted into the clamping ring groove.

5. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum test apparatus for simulating flow of particulate material of claim 3, wherein: The sensing module includes a displacement sensor for detecting the thickness of the granular material, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the granular material, a high-speed camera for capturing the migration track of the granular material, a pressure sensor for detecting the normal stress on the inner wall of the roller, a shear load sensor for detecting the shear stress on the inner wall of the roller, and a pore water pressure sensor for detecting the pore water pressure of the granular material, the displacement sensor, the temperature sensor and the high-speed camera are fixed on the connecting plate, the pressure sensor, the shear load sensor and the pore water pressure sensor are fixed on the inner wall of the roller, and the working end of the pore water pressure sensor extends into the granular material through the elastic simulation cylinder.

6. The composite temperature-controlled rotating drum test apparatus for simulating flow of particulate material of claim 1, wherein: The test box comprises a bottom plate, a box body covered on the bottom plate, a temperature adjusting device, an air inlet pipeline and an air return pipeline, the air inlet pipeline is communicated with an air outlet of the temperature adjusting device and the box body, and the air return pipeline is communicated with an air inlet of the temperature adjusting device and the box body.

7. A method of using a composite temperature controlled rotating drum test apparatus for simulating the flow of particulate material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised by: The method comprises the following steps: A sample of granular material is prepared, a target temperature of the test box is set, the simulation terrain is adjusted by the terrain simulation module and the rotation driving assembly is started to idle rotate the drum by the control module, parameters of the sensing module are recorded and signal stability of the sensing module is verified, the sample is placed in the drum, the control module sets a rotation speed gradient of the drum and a number of rotations at each speed, the control module receives and stores output parameters of the sensing module, and the experiment is stopped when a preset condition is reached.

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