Hollow-core anti-resonance optical fiber design method and system for femtosecond laser stone crusher

Abstract

The invention discloses a hollow-core anti-resonance optical fiber design method and system for a femtosecond laser stone crusher, and relates to the technical field of medical laser instruments. The method comprises the steps that an anti-resonance transmission unit is constructed, the anti-resonance transmission unit is composed of an air core and anti-resonance quartz cladding tubes periodically arranged on the periphery, the cladding tubes form an anti-resonance transmission band gap with a specific wavelength through precisely designed wall thickness and spacing, and the air core serves as a main transmission channel; a water-cooling temperature control unit is integrated, the water-cooling temperature control unit comprises a spiral or snakelike micro-channel structure integrated in an outer cladding of the anti-resonance transmission unit, the outer cladding is made of a biocompatible high polymer material, a micro-channel and an optical fiber are axially arranged at a preset angle, and a forced convection heat dissipation path is formed by injecting a cooling medium. By optimizing the anti-resonance transmission unit and the water-cooling temperature control unit, stable laser transmission, efficient thermal management and reliability under long-time high-power laser operation are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of medical laser equipment, and in particular to a design method and system for a hollow-core anti-resonance optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy. Background Art

[0002] Existing femtosecond laser lithotripsy technology is widely used in clinical practice, but traditional fiber optic transmission systems have significant technical limitations. Conventional solid-core optical fibers are prone to nonlinear effects (such as stimulated Raman scattering and self-phase modulation) when transmitting high-power femtosecond lasers, resulting in spectral broadening and energy loss. In addition, the end-face thermal damage threshold of traditional optical fibers is low, which cannot meet the needs of continuous high-power laser transmission during long-term surgery. The problem of heat accumulation in optical fibers is particularly prominent in the case of frequent bending or high-power laser input.

[0003] To improve the efficiency and safety of femtosecond laser lithotripsy, researchers have proposed novel fiber structures, such as hollow-core fibers and antiresonant fibers, to reduce nonlinear effects and enhance fiber transmission performance. However, most existing hollow-core antiresonant fibers fail to effectively address thermal management issues under high-power laser conditions, resulting in the risk of overheating and damage under high-power laser input.

[0004] Therefore, a new type of optical fiber design is urgently needed, combining an antiresonant transmission structure with an efficient water-cooled temperature control system to optimize thermal management performance while ensuring efficient laser transmission, so as to ensure that the optical fiber can work stably and meet safety requirements during clinical femtosecond laser lithotripsy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber design method and system for femtosecond laser lithotripsy to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy, comprising:

[0007] Constructing an anti-resonant transmission unit, which consists of an air core and anti-resonant quartz cladding tubes periodically arranged on the periphery. The cladding tubes form an anti-resonant transmission band gap of a specific wavelength through precisely designed wall thickness and spacing, and the air core serves as the main transmission channel;

[0008] An integrated water-cooled temperature control unit comprises a spiral or serpentine microchannel structure integrated into the outer cladding of an antiresonant transmission unit. The outer cladding is made of a biocompatible polymer material. The microchannel and the optical fiber are arranged at a preset angle axially, and a forced convection heat dissipation path is formed by injecting a cooling medium.

[0009] The present invention is further configured such that the antiresonant quartz cladding tubes are arranged periodically in a hexagonal pattern, and the spacing between the cladding tubes is kept stable by a support structure, thereby forming an optical waveguide structure with low nonlinear characteristics and suppressing stimulated Raman scattering and self-phase modulation effects.

[0010] The present invention is further configured such that the water-cooled temperature control unit also includes a distributed fiber optic Bragg grating sensor array spaced along the length of the optical fiber, and an intelligent flow rate regulation system connected to the sensor array signal to form a closed-loop temperature control circuit, which monitors and adjusts the cooling medium flow rate in real time to maintain the optimal heat dissipation effect.

[0011] The present invention is further configured such that the outer diameter of the optical fiber is optimized to match the working channel size of a commonly used ureteroscope in clinical practice, while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength and flexibility to meet surgical operation requirements and ensure stable laser energy transmission efficiency in a bent state.

[0012] The present invention is further configured such that the intelligent flow rate regulation system adjusts the cooling medium flow rate in real time through a control algorithm, and dynamically controls the laser power output according to temperature data. When it is detected that the temperature rise exceeds a preset safety threshold, the laser power output is automatically adjusted to prevent thermal damage.

[0013] The present invention is further configured such that the cooling medium introduced into the microchannel is specially treated deionized water, and its flow path is designed through fluid mechanics optimization to maximize heat dissipation efficiency while avoiding mechanical stress on the optical fiber structure.

[0014] The present invention is further configured such that the overall thermal management system of the optical fiber achieves rapid conduction and uniform distribution of heat through a multi-layer structural design, thereby ensuring stable temperature performance during long-term surgery and extending the service life of the optical fiber.

[0015] The present invention is further configured such that the structural parameters of the anti-resonant transmission unit and the water-cooled temperature control unit are collaboratively optimized, the anti-resonant transmission unit optimizes the optical transmission characteristics by reducing the nonlinear effect, and the water-cooled temperature control unit optimizes the thermal management performance by integrating a microchannel structure and an efficient heat dissipation mechanism, so that the optical fiber can maintain a stable temperature under high-power laser transmission, thereby meeting the requirements of clinical lithotripsy for laser transmission stability and thermal management.

[0016] The present invention also provides a hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber design system for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy, the system comprising:

[0017] Optical transmission module: used to construct an anti-resonant transmission unit, which consists of an air core and anti-resonant quartz cladding tubes periodically arranged on the periphery. The cladding tubes form an anti-resonant transmission band gap of a specific wavelength through precisely designed wall thickness and spacing. The air core serves as the main transmission channel;

[0018] Thermal management module: used to integrate a water-cooled temperature control unit, which includes a spiral or serpentine microchannel structure integrated into the outer cladding of the anti-resonant transmission unit. The outer cladding is made of biocompatible polymer material. The microchannel and the optical fiber are arranged at a preset angle axially, and a forced convection heat dissipation path is formed by injecting a cooling medium.

[0019] The present invention provides a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber design method and system for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy. The method comprises constructing an antiresonant transmission unit, which is composed of an air core and antiresonant quartz cladding tubes periodically arranged on the periphery. The cladding tubes form an antiresonant transmission bandgap of a specific wavelength through precisely designed wall thickness and spacing, and the air core serves as the main transmission channel. Furthermore, an integrated water-cooled temperature control unit is provided, which comprises a spiral or serpentine microchannel structure integrated within the outer cladding of the antiresonant transmission unit. The outer cladding is made of a biocompatible polymer material. The microchannel and the optical fiber are arranged axially at a preset angle. A forced convection heat dissipation path is formed by injecting a cooling medium. The beneficial effects produced include:

[0020] 1. Optimized optical performance and thermal management: Through the coordinated optimization of the anti-resonant transmission unit and the water-cooled temperature control unit, this invention can effectively reduce the nonlinear effects of femtosecond lasers, improve the laser transmission efficiency of the optical fiber, and ensure more stable optical transmission characteristics. This structural design enables the optical fiber to maintain stable beam quality and pulse width characteristics during the transmission of high-power lasers;

[0021] 2. Efficient thermal management system: By integrating a highly efficient water-cooled temperature control unit with a microchannel heat dissipation structure, the optical fiber maintains a safe temperature range during long-term high-power laser operation, preventing damage to the optical fiber caused by excessive temperatures and extending its service life. This thermal management system precisely controls the flow rate of the cooling medium, optimizes heat distribution and heat dissipation efficiency, and ensures stability and safety during clinical surgery.

[0022] 3. High Stability of Structural Design: The antiresonant transmission unit utilizes precise quartz cladding tube spacing and wall thickness design to ensure low nonlinearity in the optical fiber. This effectively suppresses effects such as stimulated Raman scattering and self-phase modulation, further enhancing the transmission stability of the optical fiber. Even under long-term, high-power laser transmission conditions, the optical fiber's transmission performance is unaffected by performance degradation, ensuring the stability of the therapeutic effect.

[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive efforts. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flow chart showing a method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber design system for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A cross-sectional diagram of the hollow-core antiresonant fiber structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the various details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the illustrations only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape, and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity, and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complex.

[0030] In the following description, numerous details are discussed to provide a more thorough explanation of the embodiments of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] Design method of hollow-core antiresonant fiber for femtosecond laser lithotripsy, such as Figure 1 Shown, including:

[0033] Constructing an anti-resonant transmission unit, which consists of an air core and anti-resonant quartz cladding tubes periodically arranged on the periphery. The cladding tubes form an anti-resonant transmission band gap of a specific wavelength through precisely designed wall thickness and spacing, and the air core serves as the main transmission channel;

[0034] An integrated water-cooled temperature control unit comprises a spiral or serpentine microchannel structure integrated into the outer cladding of an antiresonant transmission unit. The outer cladding is made of a biocompatible polymer material. The microchannel and the optical fiber are arranged at a preset angle axially, and a forced convection heat dissipation path is formed by injecting a cooling medium.

[0035] The present invention further provides that the antiresonant quartz cladding tubes are arranged in a hexagonal periodic pattern, with the spacing between the cladding tubes maintained stable by a support structure, forming an optical waveguide structure with low nonlinear characteristics, suppressing stimulated Raman scattering and self-phase modulation effects. Specifically, this embodiment details the structural characteristics and optical performance advantages of the antiresonant quartz cladding tubes. The cladding tubes adopt a hexagonal periodic arrangement structure, with six cladding tubes evenly distributed around a 50-micron air core. The wall thickness of each cladding tube is precisely controlled to 0.5 microns, and the inner diameter is 34 microns, resulting in a diameter-to-core ratio of 0.68. The cladding tube wall thickness, inner diameter, and diameter-to-core ratio are calculated and determined using an antiresonance condition formula to ensure that the center wavelength of the antiresonance transmission band gap is located at 1030 nanometers. The calculation logic of the antiresonance condition formula is: L is the fundamental frequency antiresonance, λ is the laser wavelength, t is the cladding tube wall thickness, n1 is the refractive index of the cladding tube material, and n0 is the refractive index of the air core; the laser wavelength λ is the center wavelength of the required introduced light. In this embodiment, it is preset to 1030 nanometers, corresponding to the center wavelength band of a typical femtosecond laser. The effective refractive index difference reflects the optical barrier strength between the cladding material and the hollow core, and determines whether the anti-resonance condition generated by the interference meets the transmission requirements of a given wavelength; each cladding tube is connected by a nano-scale quartz support structure, and the spacing tolerance is controlled within a strict range to adapt to the output band of the femtosecond laser. This precise mechanical structure design effectively maintains the stability of the cladding spacing; the hexagonal symmetrical arrangement structure can form a mode field area greater than 2000 microns, and the light field confinement efficiency is higher than 95%, reducing the nonlinear coefficient per unit length. Its nonlinear coefficient is about 0.1 per watt per meter, which is about two orders of magnitude lower than that of traditional solid-core optical fibers, effectively suppressing the femtosecond laser in the transmission process. The nonlinear effects such as stimulated Raman scattering and self-phase modulation in the fiber maintain the time domain and spectral integrity of the femtosecond pulse and ensure that the laser energy is highly concentrated. In practical applications, the structure performs well in transmitting ultrashort pulses, with the pulse width broadening rate controlled below 10%. At the same time, the spectral broadening caused by nonlinear effects is effectively suppressed, so that the optical fiber can effectively maintain the transmission quality of femtosecond laser pulses. Under the laser conditions of an average input power of 15 watts and a pulse width of 330 femtoseconds, no obvious pulse broadening or spectral broadening was observed at the output end of the optical fiber, verifying that the optical fiber structure has excellent nonlinear suppression performance and meets the requirements for high-fidelity femtosecond laser transmission in clinical lithotripsy.

[0036] The present invention is further configured such that the water-cooled temperature control unit further includes a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor array spaced along the length of the optical fiber, and an intelligent flow rate regulation system connected to the sensor array signal to form a closed-loop temperature control loop, which monitors and adjusts the flow rate of the cooling medium in real time to maintain the best heat dissipation effect; specifically, in this embodiment, the water-cooled temperature control unit further integrates a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor array, which is arranged at a spacing of 4 to 6 cm along the axial direction of the optical fiber, and is used to achieve high-precision monitoring of local temperature changes on the optical fiber surface and around the cladding. Each fiber Bragg grating node can obtain local temperature data in real time according to the reflection wavelength drift, and the error between the measured temperature and the actual temperature is controlled within 0.1 degrees Celsius, thereby ensuring sensitive capture and accurate feedback of small temperature rise changes along the optical fiber; the above The sensor array is connected to the intelligent flow rate regulation system via fiber optic communication. The intelligent flow rate regulation system includes a microprocessor control unit, a constant pressure variable frequency pump, a precision flow valve and a digital temperature control module. The intelligent flow rate regulation system has a preset temperature control threshold. When a section detects that the temperature rise rate exceeds the set value or the absolute temperature exceeds the preset safety temperature, such as 43 degrees Celsius, the intelligent controller will adjust the fluid flow rate to the upper limit within 0.5 seconds based on the preset closed-loop control strategy, such as the PID control algorithm, to achieve rapid local heat extraction; through this closed-loop temperature control circuit, the risk of local heat accumulation can be effectively reduced. While maintaining the stable transmission of high-power femtosecond laser, it avoids the melting of the optical fiber end face, structural deformation or increased scattering loss due to temperature rise, thereby improving the stability and safety of optical fiber in clinical continuous surgical environments.

[0037] The present invention is further provided that the outer diameter of the optical fiber is optimized and designed to match the size of the working channel of the commonly used ureteroscope in clinical practice, while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength and flexibility to meet the requirements of surgical operations, ensuring stable laser energy transmission efficiency in a bent state; specifically, the outer diameter of the hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber in this embodiment is structurally optimized, and the outer diameter is controlled within the range of 150 to 250 microns, which can be well adapted to the 3 to 3.5 mm ureteroscope working channel commonly used in clinical practice. This size range takes into account the compatibility of clinical instruments to the greatest extent without affecting the laser energy transmission efficiency, avoiding insertion difficulties due to excessive outer diameter of the optical fiber, or unstable positioning due to excessive outer diameter; at the same time, the mechanical structure of the optical fiber has been optimized in terms of stress distribution and flexibility design in terms of material and geometric shape, and a polymer cladding material with biocompatibility and good flexibility is used, which has good performance without affecting the transmission performance. The mechanical flexibility of the optical fiber is such that its minimum allowable bending radius is not less than 5 cm, that is, it can still maintain stable laser transmission efficiency and optical properties when the bending radius is 5 cm or more, meeting the comprehensive requirements of optical fiber flexibility and positioning accuracy in clinical operations; under this bending condition, the periodic arrangement structure of the antiresonant cladding tube and the symmetry of the air core are jointly designed, so that under the condition of the minimum allowable bending radius, the transmission loss increment of the optical fiber is controlled within the range of less than 0.1 decibel per meter, and the laser pulse broadening rate is less than 5%, which can effectively maintain the stability of the laser output power and the time domain characteristics of the pulse, and ensure that the optical performance is not affected by bending deformation in clinical applications; the above design ensures that the present invention has good flexibility and bending resistance in clinical operations, and ensures that after the optical fiber bends through the path in the body during actual lithotripsy surgery, it can still maintain the stability and high efficiency of laser transmission, and meet the energy output requirements of high-precision lithotripsy.

[0038] The present invention further provides that the intelligent flow rate regulation system adjusts the cooling medium flow rate in real time through a control algorithm and dynamically controls the laser power output based on temperature data. When a temperature rise exceeding a preset safety threshold is detected, the laser power output is automatically adjusted to prevent thermal damage. Specifically, this embodiment arranges a distributed fiber Bragg grating sensor array along the length of the optical fiber to collect optical fiber surface temperature signals in real time and upload the data to the intelligent flow rate regulation system. Based on the collected temperature data, the intelligent flow rate regulation system uses a preset PID control algorithm to calculate the cooling medium flow rate adjustment instruction and transmits it to the micropump control device of the microchannel cooling system to achieve dynamic adjustment of the cooling medium flow rate to maintain the optical fiber temperature within a safe range. When the temperature exceeds a preset threshold, such as a temperature rise greater than three degrees Celsius, the laser power control module is automatically triggered to reduce the laser output power, reduce the local heat load on the optical fiber, and prevent thermal damage and end-face performance degradation. The temperature acquisition, flow rate regulation, and laser power control constitute a closed-loop feedback system with a response time of less than 500 milliseconds, ensuring the synergistic effect of real-time temperature monitoring and dynamic regulation, thereby improving the thermal stability and safety during femtosecond laser transmission, extending the service life of the optical fiber, and ensuring the continuity and reliability of clinical lithotripsy.

[0039] The present invention is further configured such that the cooling medium introduced into the microchannel is specially treated deionized water, and its flow path is optimized by fluid mechanics to maximize the heat dissipation efficiency while avoiding mechanical stress on the optical fiber structure; specifically, in this embodiment, the cooling medium is deionized water that has been specially purified and deionized to ensure the purity and stability of the medium in the cooling system, prevent impurity deposition and corrosion, and increase the service life of the optical fiber and the microchannel; the internal structure of the microchannel is optimized according to the principles of fluid mechanics, including the adjustment of parameters such as the channel cross-sectional area, curvature radius and flow path layout to form a stable and uniform flow state, maximize the forced convection heat transfer effect, and improve the heat dissipation efficiency; at the same time, the flow rate and pressure distribution are precisely controlled to avoid mechanical vibration and stress concentration caused by fluid impact and eddy current, thereby ensuring the mechanical integrity and long-term stable operation of the optical fiber structure. This design meets the high efficiency and safety requirements of clinical femtosecond laser lithotripsy for optical fiber cooling.

[0040] The present invention is further configured such that the overall thermal management system of the optical fiber achieves rapid conduction and uniform distribution of heat through a multi-layer structural design, thereby ensuring that stable temperature performance is maintained during long-term surgery and extending the service life of the optical fiber; specifically, in this embodiment, the overall thermal management system of the optical fiber adopts a multi-layer composite structure design, including an internal anti-resonance transmission unit, an external cladding and an integrated water-cooled temperature control unit; each layer of material has good thermal conductivity and heat capacity, and through close bonding between layers, rapid conduction and uniform diffusion of heat are achieved, avoiding the formation of local hot spots; the specific structural design optimizes the thickness of each layer and material selection, improves the overall heat conduction efficiency, and ensures that under continuous high-power femtosecond laser working conditions, the surface and internal temperatures of the optical fiber remain stable, preventing optical performance degradation and mechanical damage caused by sudden temperature rise. In addition, through uniform heat distribution, thermal stress concentration is alleviated, the service life of the optical fiber is extended, and the requirements for equipment durability and stability in clinical surgery are met.

[0041] The present invention is further configured such that the structural parameters of the anti-resonant transmission unit and the water-cooled temperature control unit are collaboratively optimized, the anti-resonant transmission unit optimizes the optical transmission characteristics by reducing the nonlinear effect, and the water-cooled temperature control unit optimizes the thermal management performance by integrating the microchannel structure and the efficient heat dissipation mechanism, so that the optical fiber can maintain a stable temperature under high-power laser transmission, meeting the requirements of clinical lithotripsy for laser transmission stability and thermal management; specifically, in this embodiment, the structural parameters of the anti-resonant transmission unit include the air core diameter, the wall thickness and spacing of the quartz cladding tube, and through simulation and experimental optimization, the nonlinear coefficient of the optical fiber is reduced, and self-phase modulation is effectively suppressed. and stimulated Raman scattering, thereby improving the optical stability and efficiency of laser transmission; the water-cooled temperature control unit integrates spiral or serpentine microchannels, combined with a biocompatible polymer outer layer with high thermal conductivity, to achieve efficient forced convection heat dissipation; the microchannel structure and fluid flow rate are systematically adjusted to evenly distribute and quickly remove heat from the inside and surface of the optical fiber, reduce temperature gradients, and prevent local overheating; the coordinated design of the two units ensures that the optical fiber maintains temperature stability during continuous high-power femtosecond laser transmission, avoids optical performance degradation and thermal damage, and meets the stringent requirements of clinical lithotripsy for efficient, stable transmission and reliable thermal management of optical fibers.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] See also Figure 2 , the exemplary hollow-core antiresonant fiber design system for femtosecond laser lithotripsy includes:

[0044] Optical transmission module: used to construct an anti-resonant transmission unit, which consists of an air core and anti-resonant quartz cladding tubes periodically arranged on the periphery. The cladding tubes form an anti-resonant transmission band gap of a specific wavelength through precisely designed wall thickness and spacing. The air core serves as the main transmission channel;

[0045] Thermal management module: used to integrate a water-cooled temperature control unit, which includes a spiral or serpentine microchannel structure integrated into the outer cladding of the anti-resonant transmission unit. The outer cladding is made of biocompatible polymer materials. The microchannel and the optical fiber are arranged at a preset angle axially, and a forced convection heat dissipation path is formed by injecting a cooling medium. The cross-sectional structure diagram of the hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber of the system is shown in FIG. Figure 3 shown.

[0046] It should be noted that the hollow-core antiresonant fiber design system for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy provided in the above-mentioned embodiment and the hollow-core antiresonant fiber design method for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy provided in the above-mentioned embodiment are based on the same concept. The specific manner in which each module and unit performs operations has been described in detail in the method embodiments and will not be repeated here. In actual applications, the hollow-core antiresonant fiber design system for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy provided in the above-mentioned embodiment can, as needed, allocate the aforementioned functions to different functional modules, i.e., divide the internal structure of the system into different functional modules to perform all or part of the functions described above, and this is not a limitation herein.

[0047] The above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer program are loaded or executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is generated in whole or in part. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center via a wired (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) method. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center that contains one or more available media sets. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium. The semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0048] It should be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein simply describes a relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A alone, A and B together, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Furthermore, the character " / " as used herein generally indicates an "or" relationship between the associated objects, but it may also indicate an "and / or" relationship. For specific understanding, please refer to the context.

[0049] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can mean: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or plural.

[0050] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0051] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0053] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed system can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0054] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0055] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0056] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.

[0057] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy, characterized in that: include: Constructing an anti-resonant transmission unit, which consists of an air core and anti-resonant quartz cladding tubes periodically arranged on the periphery. The cladding tubes form an anti-resonant transmission band gap of a specific wavelength through precisely designed wall thickness and spacing, and the air core serves as the main transmission channel; An integrated water-cooled temperature control unit comprises a spiral or serpentine microchannel structure integrated into the outer cladding of an antiresonant transmission unit. The outer cladding is made of a biocompatible polymer material. The microchannel and the optical fiber are arranged at a preset angle axially, and a forced convection heat dissipation path is formed by injecting a cooling medium.

2. The method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-resonant quartz cladding tubes are arranged periodically in a hexagonal pattern, and the spacing between the cladding tubes is kept stable by a supporting structure, thereby forming an optical waveguide structure with low nonlinear characteristics and suppressing stimulated Raman scattering and self-phase modulation effects.

3. The method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-cooled temperature control unit also includes a distributed fiber optic Bragg grating sensor array spaced along the length of the optical fiber, and an intelligent flow rate regulation system connected to the sensor array signal to form a closed-loop temperature control circuit, which monitors and adjusts the cooling medium flow rate in real time to maintain the optimal heat dissipation effect.

4. The method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the optical fiber is optimized to match the working channel size of commonly used ureteroscopes in clinical practice, while maintaining sufficient mechanical strength and flexibility to meet surgical operation requirements and ensure stable laser energy transmission efficiency in a bent state.

5. The method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to claim 3, characterized in that: The intelligent flow rate regulation system adjusts the cooling medium flow rate in real time through a control algorithm and dynamically controls the laser power output based on temperature data. When it detects that the temperature rise exceeds a preset safety threshold, it automatically adjusts the laser power output to prevent thermal damage.

6. The method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling medium introduced into the microchannel is specially treated deionized water, and its flow path is designed through fluid mechanics optimization to maximize heat dissipation efficiency while avoiding mechanical stress on the optical fiber structure.

7. The method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber's overall thermal management system achieves rapid heat conduction and uniform heat distribution through a multi-layer structural design, ensuring stable temperature performance during long-term surgery and extending the service life of the optical fiber.

8. The method for designing a hollow-core antiresonant optical fiber for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structural parameters of the anti-resonant transmission unit and the water-cooled temperature control unit are collaboratively optimized. The anti-resonant transmission unit optimizes the optical transmission characteristics by reducing nonlinear effects, and the water-cooled temperature control unit optimizes the thermal management performance by integrating a microfluidic structure and an efficient heat dissipation mechanism, so that the optical fiber can maintain a stable temperature under high-power laser transmission, meeting the requirements of clinical lithotripsy for laser transmission stability and thermal management.

9. A hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber design system for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy, for implementing the hollow-core anti-resonant optical fiber design method for a femtosecond laser lithotripsy according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: Optical transmission module: used to construct an anti-resonant transmission unit, which consists of an air core and anti-resonant quartz cladding tubes periodically arranged on the periphery. The cladding tubes form an anti-resonant transmission band gap of a specific wavelength through precisely designed wall thickness and spacing. The air core serves as the main transmission channel; Thermal management module: used to integrate a water-cooled temperature control unit, which includes a spiral or serpentine microchannel structure integrated into the outer cladding of the anti-resonant transmission unit. The outer cladding is made of biocompatible polymer material. The microchannel and the optical fiber are arranged at a preset angle axially, and a forced convection heat dissipation path is formed by injecting a cooling medium.

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