Novel multi-mode energy-gathered warhead structure design method

Abstract

The invention particularly discloses a novel multi-mode energy-gathered warhead structure design method, and relates to the technical field of military weapons. The method comprises the steps that S1, demand analysis and target definition are carried out, and the core combat demand of a warhead is determined; s2, designing the geometric configuration of the shaped charge liner based on the damage mode, and establishing a mapping relation between static geometric parameters and dynamic damage element forming; s3, through combination of parametric modeling and transient fluid dynamics simulation, searching an optimal solution between the double-cone angle structure and the hyperbolic surface; s4, performing optimization design on the geometrical shape of the shaped charge liner, and generating jet flows with different characteristics according to different target types; and S5, performing performance verification. According to the method, through the collaborative design of the gradient density material combination and the three-dimensional variable-curvature geometric configuration, jet flow suitable for different targets is generated, and the penetration capacity of the warhead to an armored target and an underwater target is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of military weapons, in particular to a novel multi-mode shaped-charge warhead structure design method. Background Art

[0002] As a crucial component of modern naval weapon systems, the design of the warhead of an anti-ship missile has a direct impact on its combat effectiveness. Currently, the vast majority of anti-ship missiles utilize a shaped charge warhead, which uses a liner to guide the explosive jet to penetrate enemy ship armor. However, with the continuous advancement of ship armor technology, particularly the widespread use of composite armor, high-strength steel, and ceramic materials, traditional shaped charge warheads are no longer effective against targets with varying levels of armor. When faced with the thick armor of modern ships, the jet's penetration effectiveness is significantly reduced, and even failure occurs, rendering the warhead unable to effectively penetrate the enemy ship's protective layer. Existing shaped charge warhead designs also face challenges against underwater targets, such as submarines and undersea platforms. The barrier effect of water significantly weakens the jet's energy, significantly reducing the effectiveness of traditional shaped charge designs in underwater combat.

[0003] In the existing technology, shaped charge warheads mostly use a single geometric liner design, usually in the shape of a cone or truncated cone. These designs can produce relatively concentrated and efficient jets in front of specific targets, but lack sufficient adaptability in diverse battlefield environments. For example, for targets with strong armor protection, existing jet designs may find it difficult to maintain sufficient energy density when penetrating the armor. For attacks on soft targets or weak armor, the jet may be too concentrated, resulting in an overly strong impact and failure to achieve the desired destructive effect. In addition, traditional shaped charge designs often ignore the needs of multi-target attacks. When facing different types of targets, the shape of the jet and the efficiency of energy transfer are difficult to be effectively adjusted, resulting in a significant reduction in the penetration capability of certain targets.

[0004] Therefore, current shaped-charge warhead designs face multiple challenges, particularly when dealing with the complex armor structures of modern ships and underwater targets, where significant performance bottlenecks exist. To improve the adaptability of anti-ship missiles against diverse target types and enhance the jet's penetration capability, a new technical solution is urgently needed that can optimize the warhead's liner shape and material selection, combined with an intelligent adjustment system to adjust the jet's shape and energy output in real time based on the characteristics of different targets, thereby achieving higher strike effectiveness in changing combat environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose a new multi-mode shaped charge warhead structural design method, which generates jets adapted to different targets through the collaborative design of gradient density material combination and three-dimensional variable curvature geometric configuration, thereby improving the warhead's penetration capability against armored targets and underwater targets.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a novel multi-mode shaped charge warhead structure design method, the steps of which are as follows:

[0007] Step S1: Requirements analysis and target definition: clarify the core operational requirements of the warhead, including target type, damage mode, effective range, and size constraints of the missile platform;

[0008] Step S2: liner topology optimization, designing the liner geometry based on the damage mode, and establishing a mapping relationship between static geometry parameters and dynamic damage element shaping;

[0009] Step S3: By combining parametric modeling with transient fluid dynamics simulation, an optimal solution is found between the double-cone angle structure and the hyperbolic surface, so that the same cover can generate a continuous jet and be converted into an explosively formed projectile under different detonation conditions;

[0010] Step S4: multi-mode design and dynamic jet adjustment, by optimizing the geometric shape of the liner, generating jets with different characteristics according to different target types;

[0011] Step S5, performance verification, forms a closed-loop feedback on the warhead structure effectiveness through proportional finite element simulation or ship equivalent target test, and realizes dynamic damage capability assessment through coordinated reconstruction of structure-material-detonation.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, target types include ship armor, cabins and equipment, damage modes include armor-piercing, blasting and burning, effective ranges include short range, medium range and long range, and size constraints of missile platforms include diameter, length and weight.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the generatrical curvature radius of the conical liner is nonlinearly positively correlated with the velocity of the shaped jet head, and the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the spherical liner dominates the forming quality of the explosively formed projectile.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, for armored targets, the liner is designed to be conical; for underwater targets, the liner is designed to be streamlined; for soft targets or targets with weak armor, the liner is designed to be dome-shaped.

[0015] Preferably, the charge liner adopts a composite structure design, with steel alloy and ceramic material composites to enhance the overall performance. The outer layer is a gradient material combination of tantalum alloy, the middle layer is a gradient porous tungsten-copper alloy, and the inner layer is a nanocrystalline copper. The layers are transitioned and connected through a nanocrystalline / amorphous composite material interface layer with a thickness of 100-300μm, and combined with a three-dimensional variable curvature geometric configuration with a cone angle of 50-70°, precise control of the jet forming and fracture characteristics is achieved.

[0016] Therefore, the present invention proposes a novel multi-mode shaped charge warhead structure design method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) Strong multi-mode adaptive strike capability: Through the combination of the variable curvature liner geometry and gradient materials, different characteristic jets can be generated in real time for armored, underwater, soft targets, etc. The penetration depth is significantly improved compared with the traditional structure, and the mode switching response is fast.

[0018] (2) High efficiency of coordinated optimization of materials and structures: A composite charge liner structure with an outer layer of tantalum alloy, a middle gradient porous tungsten-copper alloy, and an inner layer of nanocrystalline copper is adopted, combined with a three-dimensional variable curvature geometric configuration (cone angle 50-70°) to regulate the jet forming and fracture characteristics, improve the jet stability and energy density, and at the same time, the interface bonding strength is ≥300MPa to ensure structural reliability.

[0019] (3) Improvement of dynamic energy control and intelligent verification system: The axial density of the main charge is adjusted in a zoned manner to achieve precise control of the velocity difference of the detonation wave, and a closed-loop feedback is formed through a parametric simulation model and an equivalent target test, so that the jet divergence angle is ≤2.5° and the charge density deviation is controlled within 3%, ensuring design accuracy and actual combat effectiveness.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the novel anti-ship multi-mode shaped-energy warhead structure design method of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the liner structure design of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shaped charge warhead structure of the conical liner structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shaped charge warhead with a variable curvature liner structure of the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals

[0026] 1. High explosive; 2. Busbar; 3. Divergence angle; 4. Busbar arc radius; 5. Waveformer; 6. Waveformer radius. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To make the technical solutions, advantages, and objectives of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] like Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a novel multi-mode shaped-charge warhead structure design method of the present invention. The present invention is illustrated by using a design method and test case of a multi-mode shaped-charge warhead for an anti-ship missile. The specific design steps are as follows:

[0031] 1. Clarify the core operational requirements of the anti-ship missile warhead, including target type (ship armor, cabin, equipment), damage mode (armor-piercing, blasting, incendiary), effective range (short-range, medium-range, long-range), and the size constraints of the missile platform (diameter, length, weight); determine the necessity of multi-mode switching based on the combat scenario, such as whether it is necessary to simultaneously accommodate shaped charge jet, explosively formed projectile, and fragmentation killing modes.

[0032] 2. Design the liner geometry based on the damage pattern. Through parametric modeling combined with transient fluid dynamics simulation, we find the optimal solution between a double-conical structure and a hyperbolic surface, enabling the same liner to generate a continuous jet and convert into an explosively formed projectile under different detonation conditions.

[0033] 3. If Figure 2 As shown, multi-mode design and dynamic jet adjustment are performed by optimizing the geometric shape of the liner to generate jets with different characteristics according to the target type. The specific steps are as follows:

[0034] 3.1 The liner manufacturing process begins with the layered structure processing. The outer layer is made of a Ta85W15 alloy with a ratio of 85% tantalum and 15% tungsten. It is hot isostatically pressed at 1600°C and 150 MPa using powder metallurgy, resulting in a 1.2mm thick shell with a surface roughness controlled to within Ra ≤ 0.8μm. The middle layer is a gradient porous tungsten-copper structure, using a mixture of tungsten powder with a particle size of 5-10μm and copper powder with a mass ratio of 7:3. This is processed using 3D printing gradient sintering technology under argon protection. The outer layer is sintered at a temperature of 1200°C, and the inner layer is gradually reduced to 1000°C, forming a porous preform with a thickness of 2.5mm and a porosity gradient from 10% to 30%. The inner layer is made of nanocrystalline copper foil with a grain size of 80±10nm, deposited via magnetron sputtering. Each layer is 50μm thick, and 20 layers are stacked together. The layers are bonded with epoxy resin containing 5wt% nanosilver particles, for a total thickness of 1.0mm. Ion implantation creates a 200±50μm thick amorphous titanium nitride transition layer at the interface between the layers. Tests show an interfacial bonding strength of no less than 300MPa.

[0035] 3.2, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, the liner's geometry resembles a cone or variable curvature, with a curved generatrix 2. The divergence angle 3 and the generatrix radius 4 serve as primary structural design parameters, while the waveform shaper 5's waveform shaper radius 6 is another structural design parameter. The entire structure is precision-machined using a five-axis CNC machine tool, with an error strictly controlled within ±0.05mm.

[0036] 3.3. The main charge of the charging system is CL-20 (hexanitrohexaazaisopentazolidine) based high energy explosive 1, which is filled in the warhead and accounts for 92% of the total formula mass. It is mixed with 6% fluororubber binder and 2% 50nm nano-aluminum powder. It is granulated by solution-water suspension method and then pressed into shape. The measured density is 1.85g / cm3 and the detonation velocity reaches 9400±50m / s. The auxiliary charge is composed of RDX and 15wt% 1-3μm aluminum powder. It is filled into the annular groove with a width of 5mm on the outer periphery of the liner by molding. The charge density is 1.72g / cm 3 , the explosion velocity is stable at 8300m / s.

[0037] 3.4. To achieve dynamic energy control, the main charge is divided into eight density adjustment zones along the axial direction. By introducing a microporous structure with a pore size of 50-200μm and a composite adjustment of silicone rubber microspheres with a diameter of 100μm, the density of each zone gradually changes within the range of 0.2-0.8g / cm3. The resulting detonation wave velocity difference Δv can be precisely controlled between 200-500m / s.

[0038] 3.5. Penetration capability against different armored and underwater targets is regulated through structural design. A parametric simulation model of the shaped charge warhead jet was established, using the structural design parameters: the busbar radius 4 and the waveform shaper radius 6 as variables. Fluid dynamics simulation verified that, while meeting the requirements for self-sharpening penetration, a curvature radius matching criterion (R = 0.8-1.2D, where D is the charge diameter) was obtained. LS-DYNA software was used to simulate the detonation wave propagation path, and the busbar curvature was optimized to reduce the jet divergence angle (measured divergence angle ≤ 2.5°).

[0039] 4. Performance verification: Through proportional finite element simulation or ship equivalent target testing, a closed-loop feedback loop on the warhead structural effectiveness is formed, and dynamic damage capability assessment is achieved through the coordinated reconstruction of structure-material-detonation.

[0040] 4.1. In the verification experiment, six PVDF piezoelectric sensors were arranged in a ring at the front end of the warhead. Their response time was less than 1μs, enabling real-time monitoring of shock wave pressure and propagation direction within the range of 0-50GPa. The detonation control module used a MEMS process to manufacture a 32-channel delayed detonator. Each channel independently controlled the detonation point of a 0.5mm diameter flying piece, achieving a delay accuracy of ±0.1μs. The detonation sequence was dynamically generated based on the target recognition results.

[0041] 4.2. When the sensor detects a composite armored target (characterized by multi-layer high-impedance signals), the system automatically triggers the continuous jet mode, with the detonation points detonating in a concentric circle sequence from the outside to the inside with a delay of 0-2μs, forming an axially converging high-speed jet. When the water pressure sensor detects water ingress (range 0-10MPa), the system switches to the expansion cavitation mode, with the detonation points changed to radially staggered detonation, generating an annular jet with a diameter expanded by 150% to suppress cavitation collapse interference.

[0042] 4.3. Performance verification data shows that in penetration tests of a 4340 steel target (HRC45 hardness), the warhead achieved a continuous jet mode penetration depth of 805mm, a 45% increase compared to the conventional design's 550mm. The jet tip velocity was measured at 8420m / s. The penetration depth of the warhead into a HY-80 steel target at a distance of 5m underwater was 1.2m, a 2.4-fold increase compared to the conventional design's 0.5m. Mode switching function tests demonstrated that the time from target identification to jet mode lock was 18μs, and the detonation sequence reconstruction time was no more than 5μs. The charge density gradient was calibrated in real time using CT scanning, achieving a resolution of 10μm and maintaining a deviation from the theoretical design within 3%.

[0043] It is worth noting that the contents not elaborated in detail in the present invention are all prior art and are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0044] Therefore, the present invention provides a novel multi-mode shaped-charge warhead structural design method, which generates jets adapted to different targets through the collaborative design of gradient density material combination and three-dimensional variable curvature geometric configuration, thereby improving the warhead's penetration capability against armored targets and underwater targets.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solutions of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel multi-mode shaped charge warhead structure design method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Requirements analysis and target definition: clarify the core operational requirements of the warhead, including target type, damage mode, effective range, and size constraints of the missile platform; Step S2: liner topology optimization, designing the liner geometry based on the damage mode, and establishing a mapping relationship between static geometry parameters and dynamic damage element shaping; Step S3: By combining parametric modeling with transient fluid dynamics simulation, an optimal solution is found between the double-cone angle structure and the hyperbolic surface, so that the same cover can generate a continuous jet and be converted into an explosively formed projectile under different detonation conditions; Step S4: multi-mode design and dynamic jet adjustment, by optimizing the geometric shape of the liner, generating jets with different characteristics according to different target types; Step S5, performance verification, forms a closed-loop feedback on the warhead structure effectiveness through proportional finite element simulation or ship equivalent target test, and realizes dynamic damage capability assessment through coordinated reconstruction of structure-material-detonation.

2. A novel multi-mode shaped charge warhead structure design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, target types include ship armor, cabins, and equipment; damage modes include armor-piercing, blasting, and burning; effective ranges include short, medium, and long ranges; and size constraints of missile platforms include diameter, length, and weight.

3. A novel multi-mode shaped charge warhead structure design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the generatrix curvature radius of the conical liner is nonlinearly positively correlated with the head velocity of the shaped jet, while the diameter-to-thickness ratio of the spherical liner dominates the forming quality of the explosively formed projectile.

4. A novel multi-mode shaped charge warhead structure design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, for armored targets, the liner is designed to be conical; for underwater targets, the liner is designed to be streamlined; for soft targets or targets with weak armor, the liner is designed to be dome-shaped.

5. A novel multi-mode shaped charge warhead structure design method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liner adopts a composite structure design, with steel alloy and ceramic materials composited to enhance the overall performance. The outer layer is made of tantalum alloy, the middle layer is a gradient porous tungsten-copper alloy, and the inner layer is a gradient material combination of nanocrystalline copper. The layers are transitioned through a nanocrystalline / amorphous composite material interface layer with a thickness of 100-300μm, and combined with a three-dimensional variable curvature geometric configuration with a cone angle of 50-70°, precise control of the jet forming and fracture characteristics can be achieved.

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