Battery-based active magnetic bearing system and power supply circuit thereof

Abstract

A power supply circuit for a magnetic bearing system includes a power converter configured to be electrically connected to an alternating current (AC) power source, an inverter configured to be electrically connected between the power converter and a motor associated with the HVAC system, and a battery, the input side of the battery is electrically connected to a direct current (DC) bus configured between a power converter and an inverter, and the output side of the battery is electrically connected to a magnetic bearing control drive and one or more electromagnetic bearings associated with a motor or a magnetic bearing system, where the battery is configured to receive and store a portion of DC electrical power. The battery is configured to supply stored electrical power to the electromagnetic bearing and the magnetic bearing control drive without supplying electrical power to the motor.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 566,022, filed on March 15, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The subject disclosure relates to the field of magnetic bearing systems, and more particularly, to battery-based magnetic bearing systems and power supply circuits for magnetic bearing systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Described herein is a power supply circuit for a magnetic bearing system associated with a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The power supply circuit includes a power converter configured to be electrically connected to an alternating current (AC) power source, the power converter configured to convert AC power supplied by the power source into direct current (DC) power having a first electrical property; an inverter configured to be electrically connected between the power converter and a motor associated with the HVAC system, the inverter configured to convert the DC power supplied by the power converter into another AC power having a second electrical property and correspondingly supply the other AC power to the motor; and a battery, wherein an input side of the battery is electrically connected to a DC bus configured between the power converter and the inverter, and an output side of the battery is electrically connected to a magnetic bearing control driver and one or more electromagnetic bearings associated with the motor or the magnetic bearing system, wherein the battery is configured to receive and store at least a portion of the DC power, and wherein the battery is configured to supply the stored power to the electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control driver in the event that electrical power is not supplied to the motor.

[0004] In one or more embodiments, when the AC power source is in a healthy state, the power supply circuit is configured to enable supply of another AC electric power to the motor and / or supply of DC electric power to the battery.

[0005] In one or more embodiments, the power converter is a rectifier, the input side of the rectifier is configured to be electrically connected to an AC power source, and the output side of the rectifier is configured to be electrically connected to the input side of the inverter and the input side of the battery via a DC bus.

[0006] In one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit further includes a DC-DC converter electrically configured between an output side of the battery and the electromagnetic bearing and the magnetic bearing control driver, wherein the DC-DC converter is configured to convert the electric power stored in the battery into another DC electric power having a third electrical property for the electromagnetic bearing and the magnetic bearing control driver.

[0007] In one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit includes another DC-DC converter electrically configured between an input side of the battery and a DC bus connecting the power converter and the inverter.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, the other DC-DC converter is a bidirectional DC-DC converter configured to enable supply of electric power between the power source and the battery, and also to enable supply of electric power between the motor and the battery via the inverter.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the power converter is a bidirectional AC-DC converter that is configured to convert AC electric power supplied by a power source into DC electric power for a battery and / or an inverter, and also to convert electric power stored in a battery and / or electric power generated by a motor into AC electric power for an AC power source.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the DC-DC converter operates in a voltage source mode, and wherein the second DC-DC converter operates in a current source mode.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit includes a transformer configured between the power converter and the AC power source to step up or step down the AC electric power supplied from the AC power source to the power converter.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the output side of the battery is configured to be electrically connected to one or more components associated with the HVAC system, and wherein the motor is associated with one or more fans or compressors associated with the HVAC system.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit includes a solar module operatively coupled to the motor and the battery, wherein the solar module is configured to supply DC electric power to the motor and the battery.

[0014] Also described herein is a battery-based magnetic bearing system. The system includes one or more electromagnetic bearings and a magnetic bearing control driver configured with a motor; a power supply circuit configured with the motor, the electromagnetic bearing, and the magnetic bearing control driver, wherein the power supply circuit includes a power converter electrically connected to an AC power source, the power converter configured to convert AC electric power supplied by the power source into DC electric power having a first electrical property; an inverter electrically connected between the power converter and the motor, the inverter configured to convert the first DC electric power supplied by the power converter into another AC electric power having a second electrical property and correspondingly supply the other AC electric power to the motor; and a battery, the input side of the battery being electrically connected to a DC bus configured between the power converter and the inverter, and the output side of the battery being electrically connected to the electromagnetic bearing and the magnetic bearing control driver, wherein the battery is configured to receive and store at least a portion of the DC electric power; and a controller in communication with the motor, the electromagnetic bearing, the magnetic bearing control driver, and the power supply circuit, wherein the controller is configured to enable the supply of stored electric power to the electromagnetic bearing and the magnetic bearing control driver in the event that electric power fails to be supplied to the motor.

[0015] In one or more embodiments, when the AC power source is in a healthy state, the controller enables the power supply circuit to supply AC electric power to the motor and / or supply DC electric power to the battery to store electric power in the battery.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the power converter is a rectifier having an input side electrically connected to an AC power source and an output side configured to be electrically connected to an input side of an inverter and an input side of a battery via a DC bus.

[0017] In one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit includes a DC-DC converter electrically configured between an output side of the battery and the electromagnetic bearing and the magnetic bearing control driver, wherein the DC-DC converter is configured to convert the electric power stored in the battery into another DC electric power having a third electrical property for the electromagnetic bearing and the magnetic bearing control driver.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit includes another DC-DC converter electrically configured between an input side of the battery and a DC bus connecting the power converter and the inverter.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the other DC-DC converter is a bidirectional DC-DC converter configured to enable supply of electric power between the power source and the battery, and also to enable supply of electric power between the inverter and the battery.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the power converter is a bidirectional AC-DC converter that is configured to convert AC electric power supplied by a power source into DC electric power for a battery and / or an inverter, and also to convert electric power stored in a battery and / or electric power generated by a motor into AC electric power for an AC power source.

[0021] In one or more embodiments, the controller is configured to operate a DC-DC converter in a voltage source mode and to operate another DC-DC converter in a current source mode.

[0022] In one or more embodiments, the controller is configured to regulate the supply of electrical power from the power source to the battery to a corresponding threshold level based on a request made by the power source.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, the controller is configured to limit the supply of electrical power from the power source to the battery to a corresponding threshold level upon detecting that power consumption by the HVAC system and / or the magnetic bearing system exceeds the corresponding threshold level.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the controller is configured to enable the supply of electric power from the power source to the battery to charge the battery when it is detected that the energy supply demand of the HVAC system and / or the magnetic bearing system is lower than the corresponding threshold, and to enable the supply of electric power stored in the battery to the HVAC system and / or the magnetic bearing system when it is detected that the energy supply demand is higher than the corresponding threshold.

[0025] In one or more embodiments, the controller is configured to enable the supply of electric power from the power source to the battery when it detects that the energy price of the power source is lower than a price threshold, and to limit the supply of electric power from the power source to the battery when it detects that the energy price of the power source is higher than the price threshold.

[0026] The foregoing summary is merely illustrative and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, features, and techniques of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the subject disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the subject disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the subject disclosure.

[0028] In the accompanying drawings, similar components and / or features may have the same reference number. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference number with a second reference that distinguishes between the similar components. If only the first reference number is used in the specification, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference number, regardless of the second reference number.

[0029] Figure 1 An exemplary block diagram of a battery-based magnetic bearing circuit and its associated power supply circuitry is shown, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the subject disclosure.

[0030] Figure 2 One or more embodiments according to the present disclosure are shown. Figure 1 An exemplary circuit diagram of an embodiment of a battery-based active magnetic bearing system.

[0031] Figure 3 One or more embodiments according to the present disclosure are shown. Figure 1 An exemplary circuit diagram of another embodiment of a battery-based active magnetic bearing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are described in such detail so as to clearly convey the present disclosure. However, the amount of detail provided is not intended to limit the intended variations of the embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that fall within the scope of the subject disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0033] Various terms are used herein. To the extent a term used in a claim is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.

[0034] In heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, compressors or fans are typically powered by electric motors. These motors are typically characterized by a design in which a stator surrounds a rotating shaft supported by mechanical bearings that maintain direct physical contact with the shaft. However, advances have led to the use of high-speed motors that utilize magnetic bearings rather than mechanical bearings. Unlike their mechanical counterparts, magnetic bearings support the rotating shaft without any physical contact by suspending it in mid-air via a magnetic field generated by an electromagnetic bearing. Motors equipped with magnetic bearings are powered via a dedicated power supply circuit or device.

[0035] The power supply circuit for such motors typically includes a rectifier, a power factor controller, and an inverter-type power conversion unit. Under normal operation, the direct current (AC) voltage from the main power supply is converted to alternating current (DC) by the rectifier. This DC voltage is then fed into an inverter, which converts it back to AC to drive the motor. However, to ensure continuous operation of the magnetic bearings, especially during power outages, a reliable power supply system is important.

[0036] To address power reliability, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is often integrated into the power supply circuit for magnetic bearing systems. A UPS is designed to provide instant backup power, ensuring the magnetic bearings continue to function properly during power outages. Despite their effectiveness, UPS systems are known to be expensive and require regular maintenance.

[0037] Therefore, a need exists to provide an improved, efficient and reliable solution to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, limitations and deficiencies associated with existing magnetic bearing systems and associated power supply circuits.

[0038] Reference Figures 1 to 3 , discloses a battery-based magnetic bearing system (MBS) (hereinafter also referred to as a system or MBS) 100 for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. In one or more embodiments, the MBS 100 may include a motor 102, which includes: a rotor rotatably mounted within a housing; one or more electromagnetic bearings 104-1 disposed around the rotor (which constitute a stator of the motor 102); and a plurality of position sensors for detecting the position of the rotor. In addition, the MBS 100 may include a magnetic bearing control driver 104-2 operatively coupled to the position sensors and the electromagnetic bearings 104-1 disposed around the rotor. In one or more embodiments, the rotor (not shown) of the motor or MBS 102 may be further connected to a compressor or fan associated with the HVAC system to drive the corresponding compressor or fan.

[0039] MBS 100 may further include or be configured with a power supply circuit 100A that can be electrically connected to the motor 102, the electromagnetic bearing 104-1, and the magnetic bearing control driver 104-2 associated with MBS 100 to supply electrical power for operation of the motor 102 and MBS 100. In one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit 100A (also referred to herein as the power supply circuit 100A) may include an AC-DC power converter 108 (also referred to herein as the power converter 108) that is configured to be electrically connected to an AC power source 106, such as, but not limited to, a power grid or a fuel-powered AC generator. In one or more embodiments, the power converter 108 may be configured to convert the AC power supplied by the power source 106 into a (first) direct current (DC) power having a first electrical property.

[0040] The power supply circuit 100A may further include an inverter 110 configured to be electrically connected between the power converter 108 and the motor 102, wherein the power converter 108 and the inverter 110 may be electrically connected via a DC bus 112. In addition, the power supply circuit 100A may include a set of batteries (collectively referred to herein as batteries 114) having an input side electrically connected to the DC bus 112 and an output side electrically connected to the electromagnetic bearing 104-1 and the magnetic bearing control driver 104-2 associated with the motor 102 or the MBS 100.

[0041] In one or more embodiments, reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the AC-DC power converter 108 can be a rectifier, wherein the input side of the rectifier 108 can be electrically connected to the AC power source 106, and the output side of the rectifier can be electrically connected to the input side of the inverter 110 and the input side of the battery 114 via the DC bus 112. However, in some embodiments, the power converter 108 can also be a bidirectional AC-DC converter, which can enable bidirectional flow of electric power between the power supply circuit 100A and the AC power source 106, which can enable excess electric power available in the power supply circuit 100A to be supplied back to the AC power source 106 (the power grid).

[0042] In one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit 100A may further include a transformer (Tx) configured between the power converter 108 and the AC power source 106 to increase or decrease the AC electric power supplied between the AC power source 106 and the power converter 108. Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the power supply circuit 100A may additionally / optionally include a filter (F) configured at the output side of the power converter 108 / rectifier to remove or filter harmonics from the DC power supplied by the power converter 108 to the DC bus 112. Such a harmonic-free output at the DC bus 112 may allow a smaller capacity battery to be used in the power supply circuit 100A or the MBS 100.

[0043] refer to Figure 2 In one or more embodiments, the rectifier / power converter 108 may be a Vienna rectifier. A Vienna rectifier is a three-phase, three-level pulse width modulation (PWM) power conversion system constructed using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) paired with anti-parallel diodes and additional diodes on the DC link to facilitate three-level operation (positive, zero, and negative voltage levels). This configuration splits the DC output between two series-connected capacitors (C), creating a midpoint for zero voltage level generation.

[0044] refer to Figure 3 In one or more embodiments, the power converter 108 may be a three-phase bridge rectifier or a six-pulse rectifier. A three-phase bridge rectifier may include six diodes arranged in a bridge configuration that allows the positive and negative halves of the AC input waveform to be converted into a pulsating DC output to ensure full-wave rectification of the AC input, taking advantage of the inherent continuity and phase overlap of three-phase power to reduce output ripple. The diodes are oriented in such a way that for each half-cycle of the AC input, for each phase, two diodes conduct in series (one from the upper three-diode group and one from the lower three-diode group), effectively allowing current to flow through the load in only one direction. The output of the rectifier 108 may be further smoothed using a filter F (typically a capacitor C or an inductor-capacitor LC combination) to reduce the ripple voltage and achieve a more stable DC output.

[0045] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3In one or more embodiments, the inverter 110 can be implemented using six IGBTs to efficiently convert the DC output of the rectifier 108 or the battery 114 into AC electrical power for the motor 102. Structured in a three-phase bridge configuration, the design of the inverter 110 incorporates three branches, each with two IGBTs connected in series, thereby facilitating conversion by generating a pseudo-sinusoidal AC output. The IGBTs are controlled via a pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique, adjusting the duty cycle of their switching signals to modulate the amplitude and frequency of the output voltage. Such an approach allows for the simulation of a three-phase AC sine wave, which can be important for the operation of the motor 102.

[0046] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, the inverter 110 may be configured to convert the (first) DC power (without harmonics) provided by the power converter 108 into another AC power having second electrical properties and supply the other AC power to the motor 102 accordingly.

[0047] In one or more embodiments, return reference Figures 1 to 3 The power supply circuit 100A may include a first DC-DC converter 116 electrically disposed between the output side of the battery 114, the electromagnetic bearing 104-1, and the magnetic bearing control driver 104-2. The first DC-DC converter 116 may be configured to convert the electrical power stored in the battery 114 into another (or second) DC electrical power having a third electrical property for the electromagnetic bearing 104-1 and the magnetic bearing control driver 104-2. The electrical rating of the first DC-DC converter 116 may be selected based on the power ratings of the battery 114, the magnetic bearing control driver 104-2 associated with the motor 102, and the electromagnetic bearing 104-1 to keep the MBS 100 safe from any electrical failure or overheating.

[0048] As explained, the power converter 108 can be configured to convert the AC electric power (three-phase or single-phase) supplied by the power source 106 into a (first) DC electric power having a first electrical property. The filter F can then remove harmonics from the DC power supplied by the power converter 108 to the DC bus 112. In addition, the battery 114 can be configured to receive and store at least a portion of the DC electric power supplied by the power converter 108 (rectifier 108). In one or more embodiments, the (first and / or second) electrical properties may include amplitude, frequency, phase difference, power factor, etc. associated with the electric power.

[0049] In one or more embodiments, when the AC power source 106 is in a healthy state or normal condition, the power supply circuit 100A can enable the supply of electric power to the motor 102 via the rectifier 108 and the inverter 110 to operate the motor 102 and / or further supply a portion of the first DC electric power from the DC bus 112 to the battery 114 to store the electric power in the battery 114. In a healthy state, the AC power source 106 remains usable and may not be affected by voltage or power fluctuations that may be caused on the AC power source 106 due to lightning strikes, load shedding, power demand fluctuations, etc.

[0050] Furthermore, in one or more embodiments, in the event that electric power fails to be supplied to the motor 102 or when the AC power source 106 is unavailable, the power supply circuit 100A can enable the battery 114 and the first DC-DC converter 116 to supply stored electric power available in the battery 114 to the electromagnetic bearing 104-1 and the magnetic bearing control driver 104-2 to keep the MBS 100 operating.

[0051] In one or more embodiments, return reference Figure 3 , the power supply circuit 100A may include a second / another DC-DC converter 118 (also referred to as a high-power DC-DC converter) electrically disposed between the input side of the battery 114 and the DC bus 112 connecting the power converter 108 and the inverter 110. The second DC-DC converter 118 may be configured to adjust the properties of the electrical power supplied from the DC bus 112 (from the power source / rectifier side or the motor / inverter side) to the battery 114 based on the electrical rating and capacity of the battery 114. This may help prevent overcharging, overheating, and failure of the battery 114.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, Figure 3 The second DC-DC converter 118 may be a bidirectional DC-DC converter that may be configured to enable supply of electric power between the power source 106 and the battery 114, and also to enable supply of electric power between the motor 102 and the battery 114 via the inverter 110. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the power converter 108 may be a bidirectional AC-DC converter that may be configured to convert AC electric power supplied by the power source 106 into (a first) DC electric power for the battery 114 and / or the inverter 110.

[0053] The bidirectional AC-DC converter can further convert the DC power stored in the battery 114 and / or the power supplied by the motor 102 (in regenerative mode) into AC power for the AC power source 106. Thus, under normal conditions, the power supply circuit 100A can enable the supply of power from the AC power source 106 to the motor 102, the battery 114, and other components of the HVAC system. In addition, the power supply circuit 100A can also enable the supply of power from the motor 102 (in regenerative mode) side and the battery side 114 back to the AC power source 106 (power grid).

[0054] The bidirectional power supply capability of the power supply circuit 100A or MBS can be cleverly used as an energy management device that can work in conjunction with the utility grid 106 (power source), particularly within smart grid technology. The subject disclosure implements a dynamic demand response strategy that effectively manages and reduces the power drawn from the grid 106 during peak demand periods. This can be achieved by utilizing energy stored in the battery 114 to compensate for the reduction in grid power consumption. Such a mechanism not only reduces the strain on the grid 106, but also ensures a more stable and efficient energy supply.

[0055] Furthermore, the subject disclosure can facilitate the implementation of time-of-use strategies, allowing the battery 114 to be strategically charged during periods of low demand (or when energy prices are at their lowest) and to utilize this stored energy when demand (or energy prices) peaks. This concept, known as load shifting, is important in optimizing energy costs and enhancing grid resiliency.

[0056] Thus, the present disclosure can integrate battery storage within an active magnetic bearing system with the advanced functionality of smart grid technologies, such as demand response, peak shaving, and time-of-use energy pricing. While the primary role of the battery 114 may be to support the operation of the magnetic bearing system 100, the enhanced capacity and efficient management of the battery 114 can enable it to play an important role in a broader energy management strategy. The present disclosure can help manage energy in an intelligent and efficient manner by enabling the HVAC system to use less power when the grid 106 requires it (this is called demand response). Secondly, the present disclosure can prevent excessive power from being used during busy times, even when the grid 106 does not specifically require it, known as peak shaving. Finally, the present invention can use a strategy known as time-of-use, in which it can charge the battery 114 when energy is cheap and use / sell the stored energy when demand is high or prices are rising. These options allow the present disclosure to support the active MBS 100 and also help keep the grid 106 stable and save money on energy bills.

[0057] In one or more embodiments, MBS 100 may include a controller 120 that communicates with power supply circuit 100A, motor 102, battery 114, electromagnetic bearing 104-1, magnetic bearing control driver 104-2, and one or more components of the HVAC system. In one or more embodiments, controller 120 may be configured to enable the supply of electric power stored in battery 114 to electromagnetic bearing 104-1 and magnetic bearing control driver 104-2 when electric power is not supplied to motor 102. In other embodiments, when AC power source 106 is in a healthy state, controller 120 may enable power supply circuit 100A to supply DC electric power to motor 102 to operate motor 102 and / or to supply electric power to battery 114 to store electric power in battery 114. In one or more embodiments, controller 120 may be configured to operate (first) DC-DC converter 116 in voltage source mode and operate second DC-DC converter 118 in current source mode.

[0058] In one or more embodiments, controller 120 may be configured to adjust the supply of electric power from power source (grid) 106 to battery 114 to a (first) corresponding threshold level based on a request made by power source 106. Thus, MBS 100 may respond to grid (power source) 106 by reducing the power drawn therefrom by the requested amount.

[0059] Furthermore, controller 120 can be configured to determine a utility demand associated with the HVAC system. Based on the utility demand, controller 120 can be configured to meet the utility demand partially with the electrical power stored in battery 114, partially with AC power source 106, or both, based on a peak demand associated with the utility demand. In one or more embodiments, controller 120 can be configured to enable the supply of electrical power from power source 106 to battery 114 to charge battery 114 when detecting that the energy supply demand of the HVAC system and / or MBS 100 is below a corresponding threshold. Controller 120 also enables the supply of electrical power stored in battery 114 to the HVAC system and / or MBS 100 when detecting that the energy supply demand is above a corresponding threshold.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, controller 120 may be further configured to limit the supply of electric power from power source 106 to battery 114 to a corresponding threshold level upon detecting that power consumption by the HVAC system and / or MBS 100 exceeds the corresponding threshold level.

[0061] In addition, in one or more embodiments, the controller 120 can be configured to enable the supply of electric power from the power source (grid) 106 to the battery 114 when it is detected that the energy price of the power source 106 is lower than a price threshold, and to limit the supply of electric power from the power source 106 to the battery 114 when it is detected that the energy price of the power source is higher than the price threshold.

[0062] Thus, when power demand has an uneven load curve, the battery 114 can facilitate power peak shaving. The electric power stored in the battery 114 during normal conditions can be used to compensate for the additional power required during power peak shaving. In addition, the battery 114 can be recharged when the power demand falls within a specific load curve. Thus, the MBS 100 facilitates power reduction, ride-through, and expansion operations of the MBS 100. In one or more embodiments, the peak demand can be partially provided by the battery 114 and partially provided by the AC power source 106. In addition, in one or more embodiments, the battery 114 can be electrically connected to a solar module (not shown), wherein the solar module can be configured to supply DC electric power to the battery 114.

[0063] In one or more embodiments, the controller 120 may include one or more processors coupled to a memory that stores instructions executable by the processors, the instructions causing the controller 120 to perform one or more specified operations. The controller 120 may also include one or more electrical sensors for monitoring properties associated with the flow of electrical power through different portions of the power supply circuit 100A, the electrical power supplied by the AC power source 106, and the electrical power consumed by the motor 102, the HVAC system, and related components.

[0064] Thus, the subject disclosure provides an improved, efficient, and reliable solution to overcome the aforementioned shortcomings, limitations, and deficiencies associated with existing magnetic bearing systems and associated power supply circuits 100A. The subject disclosure provides power peak shaving and robustness to external power sources (the power grid), and allows the MBS 100 to operate for extended periods without the power grid.

[0065] It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the design of the power converter / rectifier 108, inverter 110 and DC-DC converters 116, 118 may be implemented using various semiconductor or power electronic devices available in the art, including but not limited to diodes, transistors, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) or IGBTs, but without limitation, the primary operation of the corresponding components remains the same.

[0066] In the context of DC-DC converters 116, 118, the term "voltage source mode" generally refers to an operating mode in which the DC-DC converter regulates its output to maintain a constant voltage regardless of changes in the load current (within its specified capabilities). This can be achieved through a variety of topologies and control strategies, including buck, boost, buck-boost, and other more complex configurations, such as a single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) or a Cuk converter, depending on the desired input-output voltage relationship and efficiency requirements. In voltage source mode, the main design goal is to achieve a stable and accurate output voltage, which requires precise control of the switching elements (e.g., MOSFETs, IGBTs) and the use of a feedback loop that typically incorporates voltage sensing and error correction mechanisms. This ensures that the DC-DC converter can dynamically respond to changing conditions to provide a reliable and constant voltage supply to the load.

[0067] In the context of DC-DC converters, "current source mode" focuses on regulating the output current, ensuring it remains constant within the converter's operating limits regardless of changes in load resistance or input voltage. This mode is particularly important for applications requiring a stable current supply, such as battery charging, where current control is critical to the system's operation or safety. In current source mode, the DC-DC converter employs a control mechanism that adjusts the power transfer process to maintain a constant output current. This involves modulating the duty cycle of the switching elements (such as transistors or MOSFETs) within the DC-DC converter based on feedback related to the output current. Thus, the DC-DC converter acts as a current regulator, dynamically responding to changes in load or input conditions to maintain a stable output current. To implement current source mode, DC-DC converters use a variety of topologies, such as constant-current buck, boost, or buck-boost converters. Each topology is chosen based on the specific requirements of the application, such as the direction of the desired current flow relative to the input and output voltage levels. These DC-DC converters are designed with a feedback loop that measures the output current, typically through a current sensing resistor or Hall-effect sensor, and adjusts the converter's operation to correct for any deviations from the set current level.

[0068] Although the subject disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the subject disclosure as defined by the appended claims. Modifications may be made to adapt particular conditions or materials to the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the subject disclosure. Therefore, it is intended that the subject disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed, but that the subject disclosure includes all embodiments falling within the scope of the subject disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0069] In interpreting the specification, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms "comprise" and "comprising" should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps can be combined or utilized or exist together with other elements, components, or steps not explicitly referenced. In the event that the specification claims refer to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C..., and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from that group, rather than A plus N or B plus N, etc.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit for a magnetic bearing system associated with a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the power supply circuit comprising: a power converter configured to be electrically connected to an alternating current (AC) power source, the power converter configured to convert AC electric power supplied by the power source into direct current (DC) electric power having a first electrical property; an inverter configured to be electrically connected between the power converter and a motor associated with the HVAC system, the inverter configured to convert the DC electric power supplied by the power converter into another AC electric power having a second electrical property and correspondingly supply the another AC electric power to the motor; and a battery having an input side electrically connected to a DC bus arranged between the power converter and the inverter, and an output side electrically connected to one or more electromagnetic bearings and a magnetic bearing control drive associated with the motor or the magnetic bearing system, wherein the battery is configured to receive and store at least a portion of the DC electric power, The battery is configured to supply stored electric power to the one or more electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control drive in the event that electric power fails to be supplied to the motor.

2. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein: When the AC power source is in a healthy state, the power supply circuit is configured to enable supply of the further AC electric power to the motor and / or supply of the DC electric power to the battery.

3. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The power converter is a rectifier having an input side configured to be electrically connected to the AC power source, and an output side configured to be electrically connected to an input side of the inverter and an input side of the battery via a DC bus.

4. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The power supply circuit further includes a DC-DC converter electrically configured between the output side of the battery and the one or more electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control driver, and wherein the DC-DC converter is configured to convert the electric power stored in the battery into another DC electric power having a third electrical property for the one or more electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control driver.

5. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The power supply circuit further includes another DC-DC converter electrically arranged between the input side of the battery and the DC bus connecting the power converter and the inverter. The power supply circuit according to claim 5 , wherein: The other DC-DC converter is a bidirectional DC-DC converter configured to enable supply of electric power between the power source and the battery, and also to enable supply of electric power between the motor and the battery via the inverter.

7. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The power converter is a bidirectional AC-DC converter, which is configured to convert the AC electric power supplied by the power source into DC electric power for the battery and / or the inverter, and also convert the electric power stored in the battery and / or the electric power generated by the motor into AC electric power for the AC power source.

8. The power supply circuit according to claim 5, wherein: The DC-DC converter operates in a voltage source mode, and wherein the other DC-DC converter operates in a current source mode.

9. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The power supply circuit further includes a transformer disposed between the power converter and the AC power source to increase or decrease the AC electric power supplied from the AC power source to the power converter.

10. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The output side of the battery is configured to be electrically connected to one or more components associated with the HVAC system, and wherein the motor is associated with one or more fans or compressors associated with the HVAC system.

11. The power supply circuit according to claim 1, wherein: The power supply circuit includes a solar module operatively coupled to the motor and the battery, and wherein the solar module is configured to supply the DC electric power to the motor and the battery.

12. A battery-based magnetic bearing system comprising: One or more electromagnetic bearings and a magnetic bearing control drive configured with a motor; A power supply circuit is configured with the motor, the one or more electromagnetic bearings, and the magnetic bearing control driver, wherein the power supply circuit includes: a power converter electrically connected to an alternating current (AC) power source, the power converter configured to convert AC electric power supplied by the power source into direct current (DC) electric power having a first electrical property; an inverter electrically connected between the power converter and the motor, the inverter being configured to convert the DC electric power supplied by the power converter into another AC electric power having a second electrical property and correspondingly supply the another AC electric power to the motor; and a battery having an input side electrically connected to a DC bus arranged between the power converter and the inverter, and an output side electrically connected to the one or more electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control driver, wherein the battery is configured to receive and store at least a portion of the DC electric power; and a controller in communication with the motor, the one or more electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control driver, and the power supply circuit, wherein the controller is configured to enable the supply of stored electric power from the battery to the one or more electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control driver in the event that electric power fails to be supplied to the motor.

13. The magnetic bearing system according to claim 12, wherein: When the AC power source is in a healthy state, the controller is configured to enable the power supply circuit to supply the other AC electric power to the motor and / or supply the DC electric power to the battery to store the electric power in the battery.

14. The magnetic bearing system according to claim 12, wherein: The power converter is a rectifier having an input side electrically connected to the AC power source and an output side configured to be electrically connected to an input side of the inverter and an input side of the battery via the DC bus.

15. The magnetic bearing system according to claim 12, wherein: The power supply circuit also includes a first DC-DC converter electrically configured between the output side of the battery and the one or more electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control driver, and wherein the DC-DC converter is configured to convert the electric power stored in the battery into another DC electric power having a third electrical property for the one or more electromagnetic bearings and the magnetic bearing control driver.

16. The magnetic bearing system according to claim 15, wherein: The power supply circuit further includes another DC-DC converter electrically arranged between the input side of the battery and the DC bus connecting the power converter and the inverter.

17. The magnetic bearing system according to claim 16, wherein: The other DC-DC converter is a bidirectional DC-DC converter configured to enable supply of electric power between the power source and the battery, and also to enable supply of electric power between the inverter and the battery.

18. The magnetic bearing system according to claim 12, wherein: The power converter is a bidirectional AC-DC converter, which is configured to convert the AC electric power supplied by the power source into the DC electric power for the battery and / or the inverter, and also convert the electric power stored in the battery and / or the electric power generated by the motor into the AC electric power for the AC power source.

19. The magnetic bearing system according to claim 16, wherein: The controller is configured to operate the first DC-DC converter in a voltage source mode and to operate the other DC-DC converter in a current source mode.

20. The magnetic bearing system of claim 12, wherein: The output side of the battery is also electrically connected to one or more components associated with a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, and wherein the motor is associated with one or more fans or compressors associated with the HVAC system.

21. The magnetic bearing system of claim 12, wherein: The controller is configured to regulate the supply of electrical power from the power source to the battery to a corresponding threshold level based on a request made by the power source.

22. The magnetic bearing system of claim 12, wherein: The controller is configured to limit the supply of electric power from the power source to the battery to a corresponding threshold level upon detecting that power consumption by a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system and / or the magnetic bearing system exceeds the corresponding threshold level.

23. The magnetic bearing system of claim 12, wherein: The controller is configured to: enabling supply of electric power from the power source to the battery to charge the battery upon detecting that an energy supply demand of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system and / or the magnetic bearing system is below a corresponding threshold; as well as Upon detecting that an energy supply demand is above the corresponding threshold, supply of the electric power stored in the battery to the HVAC system and / or the magnetic bearing system is enabled.

24. The magnetic bearing system of claim 12, wherein: The controller is configured to: enabling supply of electric power from the power source to the battery upon detecting that the energy price of the power source is lower than a price threshold; as well as When it is detected that the energy price of the power source is higher than a price threshold, the supply of electric power from the power source to the battery is restricted.

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