Detachable perovskite / GaAs laminated solar cell and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaics, in particular to a detachable perovskite / GaAs laminated solar cell and a preparation method thereof, and the cell comprises a GaAs bottom cell and a perovskite top cell. The perovskite top cell comprises ITO conductive glass, a first transmission layer, a perovskite active layer and a second transmission layer from bottom to top; and the GaAs bottom cell and the perovskite top cell are connected in a mechanical stacking manner, so that the GaAs bottom cell and the perovskite top cell are in direct contact to realize electrical interconnection. The battery is not introduced with a composite layer and can be repeatedly disassembled and assembled, so that the problem that the service lives of the two batteries are not matched is solved, and the battery has excellent battery efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of solar photovoltaics, and in particular to a detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite solar cells, with their advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and tunable optical bandgap, have been used to manufacture perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cells. Existing perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cells are mainly divided into two-terminal tandem and four-terminal tandem. The two-terminal tandem cell structure consists of a top perovskite solar cell, a recombination layer (interconnect layer), and a bottom GaAs solar cell.

[0003] Existing methods for fabricating two-terminal stacked cells involve using a commercial GaAs solar cell as a substrate, depositing a thin film as a composite layer (interconnect layer) via vacuum evaporation, magnetron sputtering, solution spin coating, or other methods. A perovskite solar cell (structured as a top transparent electrode, electron transport layer, perovskite active layer, hole transport layer, and bottom transparent electrode) is then fabricated on this surface. The selection and preparation of the composite layer is crucial for producing high-performance devices. However, commonly used composite layers, such as metal films, transparent conductive oxides, and polymers, face challenges such as complex preparation methods, high production costs, ion migration, and poor environmental stability. While some alcohol-soluble composite layer materials have been developed and film formation via doctor blade coating has replaced evaporation or magnetron sputtering, parasitic light absorption by the composite layer itself is unavoidable. Furthermore, the two-terminal stacked cell fabricated using this method is a single-piece device, making it difficult to achieve removable cells. Furthermore, due to the significant difference in lifespan between the top perovskite cell and the bottom GaAs cell, the lifetime of the stacked device is determined by the perovskite cell, reducing the overall device lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of the prior art such as complex process, poor environmental stability, non-removability and short service life of perovskite / GaAs tandem cells, and to provide a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell with a simple preparation process, detachability, excellent environmental stability and a long service life.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides, on the one hand, a detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell, which comprises: a GaAs bottom cell and a perovskite top cell; the perovskite top cell comprises, from bottom to top, ITO conductive glass, a first transmission layer, a perovskite active layer, and a second transmission layer; and the GaAs bottom cell and the perovskite top cell are connected by mechanical stacking so that the two are in direct contact and electrically interconnected.

[0006] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell, the method comprising: S1: preparing a perovskite top cell, including: sequentially preparing a first transmission layer, a perovskite active layer, and a second transmission layer on an ITO conductive glass; The preparation of the first transmission layer includes: preparing a SnO2 solution with a concentration of 5wt%-10wt%, coating it on the ITO conductive glass, and then performing a first heat treatment; The preparation of the perovskite active layer includes: configuring the chemical composition of Cs 0.046 FA 0.902 MA 0.052 PbI 0.98 Br 0.02 A perovskite precursor solution is prepared and filtered, and the perovskite precursor solution is coated on the first transmission layer and then subjected to a second heating treatment; The preparation of the second transport layer includes: first depositing a nanomaterial on the perovskite active layer, then coating the nanomaterial with a composite material, and then performing a third heating treatment; S2: Using a mechanical stacking method, the GaAs bottom cell is placed on the upper surface of the perovskite top cell so that the two are in direct contact and electrically interconnected, thereby preparing the detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell.

[0007] The third aspect of the present invention provides a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell prepared by the method for preparing a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell according to the second aspect of the present invention.

[0008] Through the above technical solution, the detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell of the present invention has the following advantages: (1) No composite layer is introduced into the top perovskite cell and the bottom GaAs cell, which can avoid the problems of complex composite layer preparation process, poor stability and adverse effects on perovskite; (2) The top perovskite cell and the bottom GaAs cell are manufactured separately to avoid mutual influence and additional optical parasitic absorption, thus achieving a higher efficiency perovskite top cell; (3) The top battery and the bottom battery are mechanically stacked and can be disassembled and assembled repeatedly, which can avoid the mismatch problem of the life of the two batteries, thereby maximizing and making the most reasonable use of materials during the period. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell according to a specific embodiment; Figure 2Schematic diagram of the preparation process of a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell according to a specific embodiment; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of assembly and disassembly of a detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell described in a specific embodiment.

[0010] Description of Reference Numerals 1-GaAs bottom cell; 2-Perovskite top cell; 21-ITO conductive glass; 22-first transport layer; 23-Perovskite active layer; 24-second transport layer; 3-cathode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] The endpoints of the ranges and any values ​​disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoints of each range, the endpoints of each range and individual point values, and the individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered to be specifically disclosed herein.

[0012] like Figure 1 As shown, on one hand, the present invention provides a detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell, which includes: a GaAs bottom cell 1 and a perovskite top cell 2; the perovskite top cell 2 includes, from bottom to top, an ITO conductive glass 21, a first transmission layer 22, a perovskite active layer 23, and a second transmission layer 24; and, the GaAs bottom cell 1 and the perovskite top cell 2 are connected by mechanical stacking so that the two are in direct contact and electrically interconnected.

[0013] In the present invention, a cathode 3 is further provided on the ITO conductive glass 21 .

[0014] In the present invention, in order to improve the electrochemical performance of the perovskite top cell, preferably, the first transport layer 22 is a SnO2 electron transport layer; the thickness of the SnO2 electron transport layer is 10-30 nm.

[0015] In the present invention, preferably, the material of the perovskite active layer 23 includes Cs 0.046 FA 0.902 MA 0.052 PbI 0.98 Br 0.02 .

[0016] In the present invention, in order to enable the second transport layer 24 to have excellent conductive properties and to serve as both a hole transport layer and a top transparent electrode, preferably, the second transport layer 24 includes a nanomaterial layer and a composite material layer coated on the surface of the nanomaterial layer.

[0017] In the present invention, in order to further improve the electrochemical performance of the second transport layer 24, preferably, the nanomaterial of the nanomaterial layer is selected from at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene and MXene; and the MXene is one of Ti3C2, Ti2C, Nb3C4, Nb2C, V3C2, V2C, Ta4C3, Ta2C and Mo2C.

[0018] In the present invention, preferably, the composite material of the composite material layer comprises an organic material and an inorganic material; the organic material is 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) and / or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA); the inorganic material is nickel oxide (NiO x ).

[0019] In the present invention, by adjusting the material ratio in the composite material layer, the materials can have excellent coordination effects, and thus the prepared battery can have excellent electrochemical properties. To this end, preferably, in the composite material layer, the content ratio of the organic material to the inorganic material is 1:0.15-1.2, preferably 1:0.5-1.

[0020] In the present invention, preferably, the thickness ratio of the nanomaterial layer to the composite material layer is 1:0.5-3. More preferably, the thickness ratio of the nanomaterial layer to the composite material layer is 1:1-1.5.

[0021] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell, the method comprising: S1: preparing a perovskite top cell 2, including: sequentially preparing a first transmission layer 22, a perovskite active layer 23 and a second transmission layer 24 on an ITO conductive glass 21; The preparation of the first transmission layer 22 includes: preparing a SnO2 solution with a concentration of 5wt%-10wt%, coating it on the ITO conductive glass 21, and then performing a first heating treatment; The preparation of the perovskite active layer 23 includes: configuring the chemical composition of Cs 0.046 FA 0.902 MA 0.052 PbI 0.98 Br 0.02 The perovskite precursor solution is filtered, and then the perovskite precursor solution is applied on the first transmission layer 22 and then subjected to a second heating treatment; The preparation of the second transmission layer 24 includes: firstly depositing the nanomaterial on the perovskite active layer 23, then coating the nanomaterial with the composite material and then performing a third heating treatment; S2: Using a mechanical stacking method, the GaAs bottom cell 1 is placed on the upper surface of the perovskite top cell 2 so that the two are in direct contact and electrically interconnected, thereby preparing the detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell.

[0022] In the present invention, preferably, the nanomaterial is selected from at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene and MXene; and the MXene is one of Ti3C2, Ti2C, Nb3C4, Nb2C, V3C2, V2C, Ta4C3, Ta2C and Mo2C.

[0023] In the present invention, preferably, the composite material comprises an organic material and an inorganic material; the organic material is 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene and / or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]; and the inorganic material is nickel oxide.

[0024] In the present invention, preferably, in step S1, the preparation of the second transmission layer 24 specifically includes: S11: preparing a nanomaterial dispersion and depositing it on the surface of the perovskite active layer 23 to form a nanomaterial layer; Alternatively, a nanomaterial film is provided and transferred to the surface of the perovskite active layer 23 to form a nanomaterial layer; S12: preparing an inorganic material dispersion and applying it on the surface of the nanomaterial layer to form a nanomaterial layer-inorganic material layer; S13: preparing an organic material dispersion and applying it on the surface of the inorganic material layer to form a nanomaterial layer-inorganic material layer-organic material layer, and performing a third heating treatment to prepare the second transmission layer 24 .

[0025] In the present invention, preferably, the concentration of the nanomaterial dispersion is 1-5 mg / mL, preferably 2-4 mg / L.

[0026] In the present invention, preferably, the concentration of the inorganic material dispersion is 1-5 mg / mL, preferably 2-4 mg / mL.

[0027] In the present invention, preferably, the concentration of the organic material dispersion is 50-90 mg / mL, preferably 65-75 mg / mL.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the nanomaterial film is 20-60 nm, preferably 30-50 nm.

[0029] In the present invention, preferably, the method of providing the nanomaterial film is a chemical vapor deposition process and / or a vacuum filtration method.

[0030] For example, the steps of providing a carbon nanotube film using a chemical vapor deposition process may include: first, cleaning a reaction furnace with argon gas, then raising the furnace temperature to 1000-1200°C at a heating rate of 10-30°C / min, and then introducing carrier gas hydrogen and a gaseous carbon source; simultaneously, using a syringe pump to inject a liquid carbon source, a catalyst precursor (for example, ferrocene), and a growth promoter (for example, thiophene) into the reaction furnace; the grown carbon nanotubes rapidly flow out of the reaction zone under the carrier gas of a large flow rate, and are deposited on a microporous filter membrane at the tail end of the reactor to form a macroscopic carbon nanotube film.

[0031] In the present invention, preferably, the gaseous carbon source may be at least one of methane, ethylene and acetylene.

[0032] In the present invention, preferably, the microporous filter membrane can be a cellulose microporous filter membrane and / or a polytetrafluoroethylene microporous filter membrane.

[0033] In the present invention, step S1 of the method may further include arranging a cathode 3 on the ITO conductive glass.

[0034] In the present invention, preferably, the coating method includes spin coating.

[0035] In the present invention, in order to improve the coating effect, preferably, the coating conditions include: a rotation speed of 1500-4000 rpm, and a time of 10s-60s; more preferably, the coating conditions include: a rotation speed of 2000-3000 rpm, and a time of 20s-45s.

[0036] In the present invention, preferably, the conditions for the first heat treatment include: 80-150° C., and time is 20-40 min; more preferably, the conditions for the first heat treatment include: 90-120° C., and time is 25-45 min.

[0037] In the present invention, preferably, the conditions of the second heat treatment include: 100-180° C., time 5-25 min; more preferably, the conditions of the second heat treatment include: 140-160° C., time 10-20 min.

[0038] In the present invention, preferably, the conditions of the third heat treatment include: 70-100° C., and time is 5-15 min; more preferably, the conditions of the third heat treatment include: 75-90° C., and time is 8-12 min.

[0039] In the present invention, preferably, the assembly and disassembly process of the detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell is as follows: Figure 3 Shown, including: (1) Assembly: Assemble the prepared GaAs bottom cell 1 and perovskite top cell 2 using solid glue / fixture; (2) Disassembly: Place the battery in ethanol to dissolve the cured glue, or remove the clamp to disassemble the perovskite / GaAs two-terminal stacked battery.

[0040] The third aspect of the present invention provides a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell prepared by the method for preparing a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell according to the second aspect of the present invention.

[0041] By adopting the above technical solution, the introduction of a composite layer into the detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell described in the present invention can avoid the problems of complex composite layer preparation process, poor stability and adverse effects on perovskite, while improving the efficiency of the battery and extending its life.

[0042] The present invention will be described in detail below through examples.

[0043] Example 1 This embodiment is used to illustrate the preparation of a detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell. Figure 2 Shown, including: S1: preparing a perovskite top cell, including: sequentially preparing a first transmission layer, a perovskite active layer, and a second transmission layer on an ITO conductive glass provided with a cathode; The preparation of the first transmission layer includes: preparing a SnO2 solution with a concentration of 5wt%, coating it on the ITO conductive glass, and then performing a first heat treatment at 100°C for 30 minutes; The preparation of the perovskite active layer includes: configuring the chemical composition of Cs 0.046 FA 0.902 MA 0.052 PbI 0.98 Br 0.02 The perovskite precursor solution is filtered, the perovskite precursor solution is coated on the first transmission layer, and then a second heating treatment is performed at 150° C. for 15 minutes; The preparation of the second transport layer includes: firstly depositing a carbon nanotube dispersion with a concentration of 3 mg / mL on the surface of the perovskite active layer to form a carbon nanotube layer, and then using 3 mg / mL NiO xThe solution (rotation speed at 2000 rpm, time for 20 seconds) and 70 mg / mL Spiro-OMeTAD (rotation speed at 3000 rpm, time for 45 seconds) were sequentially coated on the surface of the carbon nanotube layer to form a carbon nanotube layer-composite layer. A third heat treatment was performed at 85°C for 9 minutes to prepare the second transport layer. S2: Using a mechanical stacking method, the GaAs bottom cell is placed on the upper surface of the perovskite top cell, so that the two are in direct contact and electrically interconnected, thereby preparing a detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell A1; After testing, the Spiro-OMeTAD and NiO in battery A1 x The content ratio of the carbon nanotube layer and the composite material layer in battery A1 is 1:1.5.

[0044] Example 2 A preparation method similar to that of Example 1 was used, except that, in step S1, the preparation of the second transport layer included: transporting a gaseous carbon source of ethylene, a liquid carbon source of toluene, a catalyst precursor of ferrocene, and a growth promoter of thiophene into a reactor in the presence of a carrier gas of hydrogen, and conducting a thermochemical reaction in the reactor (temperature of 1100°C, heating rate of 20°C / min) to prepare carbon nanotubes, which then flowed out of the reaction zone under the influence of the carrier gas and were deposited on a cellulose microporous filter membrane at the tail end of the reactor to form a carbon nanotube film with a thickness of 30 nm; The carbon nanotube film was transferred to the carbon nanotube layer formed on the surface of the perovskite active layer; 3 mg / mL NiO x The solution (rotation speed of 2000 rpm, time of 20 seconds) and 70 mg / mL Spiro-OMeTAD (rotation speed of 3000 rpm, time of 45 seconds) were sequentially coated on the surface of the carbon nanotube layer to form a carbon nanotube layer-composite layer. A third heat treatment was performed at 85°C for 9 minutes to prepare the second transport layer. The remaining steps are the same as those in Example 1, and a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell A2 is prepared; After testing, the Spiro-OMeTAD and NiO in battery A2 x The content ratio of the carbon nanotube layer and the composite material layer in battery A3 is 1:1.5.

[0045] Example 3 The preparation method is similar to that of Example 1, except that in step S1, the preparation of the second transport layer includes: firstly depositing a graphene dispersion with a concentration of 4 mg / ml on the surface of the perovskite active layer to form a graphene layer, and then using 3 mg / ml NiO xThe solution (rotation speed of 2000 rpm, time of 20 s) and 70 mg / ml of Spiro-OMeTAD (rotation speed of 3000 rpm, time of 45 s) were sequentially coated on the graphene layer, and then heated at 90°C for 8 min. The remaining steps were the same as in Example 1 to prepare a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell A3. After testing, the content ratio of Spiro-OMeTAD to NiOx in battery A3 is 1:0.5; the thickness ratio of the carbon nanotube layer to the composite material layer in battery A2 is 1:2.

[0046] Example 4 A similar preparation method to Example 1 was used, except that in step S1, 80 mg / ml of Spiro-OMeTAD was used instead of 70 mg / ml of Spiro-OMeTAD to prepare a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell A4; After testing, the Spiro-OMeTAD and NiO in battery A4 x The content ratio of the carbon nanotube layer and the composite material layer in battery A4 is 1:1.8.

[0047] Example 5 The preparation method is similar to that of Example 1, except that in step S1, a concentration of 5 mg / ml NiO x Solution replaced with 3mg / ml NiO x solution, and a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell A5 was prepared; After testing, the Spiro-OMeTAD and NiO in battery A5 x The content ratio of the carbon nanotube layer and the composite material layer in battery A5 is 1:1.9.

[0048] By conducting photovoltaic performance tests on the detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cells prepared in the above Examples 1-5, it can be found that cells A1-A5 all have excellent photovoltaic performance (energy conversion efficiency is not less than 24%, and the efficiency is not less than 22% after 10 assembly-disassembly cycles). In particular, cells A1 and A2 have even better photovoltaic performance (energy conversion efficiency is not less than 25%, and the efficiency is not less than 23% after 10 assembly-disassembly cycles).

[0049] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present invention, various simple variations of the technical solution of the present invention may be made, including combining the various technical features in any other appropriate manner. These simple variations and combinations should also be regarded as disclosed in the present invention and fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell, characterized in that: The cell comprises: a GaAs bottom cell (1) and a perovskite top cell (2); the perovskite top cell (2) comprises, from bottom to top, an ITO conductive glass (21), a first transmission layer (22), a perovskite active layer (23), and a second transmission layer (24); and the GaAs bottom cell (1) and the perovskite top cell (2) are connected in a mechanical stacking manner so that the two are in direct contact and electrically interconnected.

2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein The first transport layer (22) is a SnO2 electron transport layer; the thickness of the SnO2 electron transport layer is 10-30 nm; And / or, the material of the perovskite active layer (23) includes Cs 0.046 FA 0.902 MA 0.052 PbI 0.98 Br 0.02 .

3. The battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The second transmission layer (24) comprises a nanomaterial layer and a composite material layer coated on the surface of the nanomaterial layer; The nanomaterial layer comprises at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene and MXene; the MXene is one of Ti3C2, Ti2C, Nb3C4, Nb2C, V3C2, V2C, Ta4C3, Ta2C and Mo2C; The composite material of the composite material layer includes an organic material and an inorganic material; the organic material is 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene and / or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]; the inorganic material is nickel oxide; Preferably, in the composite material layer, the content ratio of the organic material to the inorganic material is 1:0.15-1.2, preferably 1:0.5-1.

4. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The thickness ratio of the nanomaterial layer to the composite material layer is 1:0.5-3; Preferably, the thickness ratio of the nanomaterial layer to the composite material layer is 1:1-1.

5.

5. A method for preparing a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell, wherein: The method includes: S1: preparing a perovskite top cell (2), comprising: sequentially preparing a first transmission layer (22), a perovskite active layer (23) and a second transmission layer (24) on an ITO conductive glass (21); The preparation of the first transmission layer (22) includes: preparing a SnO2 solution with a concentration of 5wt%-10wt%, coating it on the ITO conductive glass (21), and then performing a first heating treatment; The preparation of the perovskite active layer (23) includes: configuring the chemical composition of Cs 0.046 FA 0.902 MA 0.052 PbI 0.98 Br 0.02 The perovskite precursor solution is filtered, and the perovskite precursor solution is coated on the first transmission layer (22) and then subjected to a second heating treatment; The preparation of the second transmission layer (24) includes: firstly depositing the nanomaterial on the perovskite active layer (23), then coating the nanomaterial with a composite material, and then performing a third heating treatment; S2: Using a mechanical stacking method, the GaAs bottom cell (1) is placed on the upper surface of the perovskite top cell (2), so that the two are in direct contact and electrically interconnected, thereby preparing the detachable perovskite / GaAs stacked solar cell.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein The nanomaterial is selected from at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene and MXene; the MXene is one of Ti3C2, Ti2C, Nb3C4, Nb2C, V3C2, V2C, Ta4C3, Ta2C and Mo2C; And / or, the composite material includes an organic material and an inorganic material; the organic material is 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene and / or poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine]; and the inorganic material is nickel oxide.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein The preparation of the second transmission layer (24) includes: S11: preparing a nanomaterial dispersion and depositing it on the surface of the perovskite active layer (23) to form a nanomaterial layer; Alternatively, a nanomaterial film is provided and transferred to the surface of the perovskite active layer (23) to form a nanomaterial layer; S12: preparing an inorganic material dispersion and applying it on the surface of the nanomaterial layer to form a nanomaterial layer-inorganic material layer; S13: preparing an organic material dispersion and applying it on the surface of the inorganic material layer to form a nanomaterial layer-inorganic material layer-organic material layer, and performing a third heating treatment to prepare a second transport layer (24).

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein The concentration of the nanomaterial dispersion is 1-5 mg / mL, preferably 2-4 mg / L; and / or, the concentration of the inorganic material dispersion is 1-5 mg / mL, preferably 2-4 mg / mL; And / or, the concentration of the organic material dispersion is 50-90 mg / mL, preferably 65-75 mg / mL.

9. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein The thickness of the nanomaterial film is 20-60 nm, preferably 30-50 nm.

10. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein: The coating method includes spin coating; Preferably, the coating conditions include: a rotation speed of 1500 rpm to 4000 rpm and a coating time of 10 s to 60 s.

11. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 10, wherein: The conditions of the first heating treatment include: 80-150°C, time of 20-40 minutes; And / or, the conditions of the second heat treatment include: 100-180° C., time 5-25 min; And / or, the conditions of the third heat treatment include: 70-100° C., and time of 5-15 min.

12. A detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell prepared by the method for preparing a detachable perovskite / GaAs tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 5 to 11.

Images