Riser with cover

Abstract

The invention relates to a riser comprising a riser body having a through-opening for liquid metal and a cap. A cap closes the riser body opposite the through opening such that the riser body and the cap define a riser cavity. The cover is made of a metal and / or plastic material and has a guide for the nozzle-type component or a receiving means for a functional component that can be selectively connected to the cover on the side facing the riser cavity, for example, a guide for a nozzle component, a Williams core and / or for a metallurgical additive or a finger made of a metallurgical additive. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the feeder for metal casting, in particular in vertically separable casting molds.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a riser with a cover, in particular a multifunctional cover, wherein the riser body has a through-opening for liquid metal and is preferably provided with a gate as a through-opening for connecting to a casting cavity. The cover closes the riser body opposite the through-opening so that the riser body and the cover define a riser cavity. The cover is made of metal and / or plastic and has a guide for the gate or a receiving mechanism for functional components that can be selectively connected to the cover (hereinafter also referred to as one or more inserts) on the side facing the riser cavity, such as a guide for the gate, a Williams core and / or a finger for a metallurgical additive or a finger made of a metallurgical additive. The cover optionally has a recess for a centering pin. In addition, the present invention relates to the use of the riser for metal casting, in particular for metal casting in a vertically divisible casting mold. Background Art

[0002] Risers (also called riser inserts or risers) are used in casting molds when casting metal. Risers are classified as either closed or open. Closed risers are cut into the casting and completely surrounded by the mold material. Open risers extend to the upper side of the mold, allowing direct access to the atmosphere. The present invention relates to closed risers.

[0003] The riser has a riser cavity designed to accommodate molten metal. The riser is surrounded by a mold material used to produce the mold, which forms the casting mold. The casting space within the mold, which accommodates the liquid metal, has a channel leading to the riser cavity. During the casting process, a portion of the liquid metal injected into the mold enters this channel. The molten metal that subsequently rises into the riser builds up metallostatic pressure and, as the casting solidifies, flows back into the mold to compensate for the casting's shrinkage during solidification. The solidification process is associated with the casting's volumetric contraction during solidification.

[0004] In order to ensure that the metal in the riser flows back, it must be ensured that the metal in the riser is still in liquid state while the metal inside the mold has at least partially solidified into a casting. For this purpose, at least a portion of the riser is usually made of insulating and / or exothermic material.

[0005] When the liquid metal enters the riser, the exothermic material ignites due to the higher temperature prevailing there. From this point on, an exothermic reaction automatically occurs within the riser material, transferring heat energy through the metal within the riser for a specific duration. The metal remains liquid in the riser cavity and in the transition area to the casting cavity of the mold. Insulated risers are designed so that the liquid metal in the riser cavity cools more slowly than in the casting cavity due to the improved insulation provided by the riser material.

[0006] For example, if the material surrounding the riser cavity is insulating, but an exothermic Williams core extends into the riser cavity, both insulating and exothermic material are present.

[0007] Risers are often used in conjunction with a core break (also called a shrink core). A core break is an intermediate piece with a channel connecting the mold cavity (casting cavity) and the riser cavity, similar to a sprue. The diameter of the channel is dimensioned so that the diameter decreases from the riser cavity to the mold cavity, in particular at least close to the mold cavity, so that the break occurs at the core break near the casting surface (the shrinkage). The core break is made of the riser material, but can also be made of metal, plastic or cardboard. The advantage of using a metal sprue that acts as a metal core break when using an exothermic riser is that graphite degradation is avoided due to the direct contact between the exothermic riser material and the casting surface.

[0008] Riser heads can be mounted on either horizontal or vertical forming plates. The latter are also called side risers. DE 3423220A1 discloses a side riser comprising a riser base having a through-opening for the liquid metal, which is connected to the side of the mold pattern, and a riser component placed thereon. The riser component, placed above the riser base, forms a riser cavity, the majority of which is located above the through-opening in the riser base.

[0009] To achieve higher production efficiency, and in particular higher cycle rates, the feasibility of automating mold production is sought, thereby enabling the mass production of casting molds for castings. Vertically split, boxless casting molds achieve short cycle times and, therefore, higher mold performance than in box-based mold production. A characteristic of vertically split, boxless mold systems is that the mold parts produced are usually contoured on both sides. To this end, mold plates are provided at the pressing plate and the pivot plate. With the aid of the mold plates, the mold cavity is closed from the rear and front sides before the filling and compacting process. Furthermore, the molding material is injected into the mold cavity. The subsequent pressing process presses the mold contour into the molding material from the pressing plate side (the rear side). In older systems, pressing is usually performed only from the rear side of the mold. In newer molding machines, there is often the option of compacting both sides independently of each other. In the next working step, the pivot plate is separated from the finished mold part by a movement toward the front and then moved upwards by a rotational movement. The press plate pushes the mold block toward the previously produced mold block, creating both a complete mold for the block branch and the first mold half for the next mold. This creates a mold branch that is continuously pushed during the casting cycle. The press plate is then withdrawn and moved back, while the mold beneath the casting device is filled. After cleaning the mold plate, the mold cavity is closed again using a pivoting plate, and the production cycle is repeated.

[0010] To prevent the molding material from adhering to the mold plate, the mold plate is usually heated and sprayed with a release agent to facilitate extraction. For example, DISA Industries A / S sells a vertical boxless molding facility under the name Disamatic molding machine.

[0011] The pivoting plate with the second mold plate is usually equipped with one or more horizontally oriented risers. In vertically divided casting molds for producing relatively thin-walled castings, the problem arises of ensuring the supply of, for example, isolated, heavier casting sections. To ensure the supply of these isolated areas, risers are used whose through-openings have a central axis aligned approximately perpendicular to the pivotable forming plate. This arrangement results in the central axis of the through-openings of the risers extending approximately horizontally during the casting process.

[0012] DE 3423220 A1 discloses a side feeder which can also be used for casting metal in horizontally divisible molds.

[0013] DE 202011103718 U1 discloses a riser for casting metal in a vertically divisible casting mold, the riser having a first mold component and a second mold component, which limit a riser cavity for accommodating liquid metal. The first mold component has a connecting area or a pivotable template for connecting to the mold model. The connecting area is provided with a through-opening for the liquid metal, wherein the center axis of the through-opening is arranged offset relative to the middle area of ​​the first mold component. Due to the eccentric arrangement of the through-opening, the liquid metal enters the lower area of ​​the riser during the casting process and rises within the riser. In order to be able to form a fracture edge and to be able to absorb the forces acting on the riser when compacting the molding material constituting the casting mold, the riser has a compressible gate as the first mold component, which is irreversibly deformed when compacting the molding material.

[0014] DE 102005008324 A1 discloses a riser with a movable sprue, which can be easily packaged and transported because the sprue can be moved into the riser cavity. However, if the through-opening is arranged centrally, it cannot be installed so well in a vertically divisible mold because the static pressure of the metal above the through-opening is too low or the liquid metal cannot completely flow out of the riser cavity.

[0015] Other feeders are known from WO 2015 / 175749 A1, DE 202010012663 U1 and DE 202021106147 U1. DE 202021106147 U1 discloses a feeder having a metal cover.

[0016] The riser is usually mounted on a centering pin, which can also be designed as a spring pin. In the case of a rigid centering pin, when the sand is compressed, the centering pin pushes through the cover, for example. The spring pin absorbs the movement by shortening its length via a spring mechanism.

[0017] Another problem known from the prior art with risers for use in vertically split casting molds is that the risers can tilt or twist during compaction of the molding material around them. This results in the fracture edge between the riser and the cast being unable to form as desired and / or the centering pin being unable to be removed from the riser, where it is no longer precisely aligned with the horizontal axis. In the absence of a fracture edge or in the case of an incorrectly arranged fracture edge, more complex reprocessing of the casting is required, such as additional or more complex grinding steps. Summary of the Invention

[0018] Purpose of the Invention

[0019] The object of the present invention is to provide a riser for metal casting which is as versatile as possible and which allows the properties of the riser to be modified simply according to requirements.

[0020] When used as a side riser, for example for use in a vertically split mold, the riser should be securely positioned horizontally relative to the through-hole axis to prevent tilting and twisting. According to this embodiment, the riser should be suitable for vertically split molds, which must provide sufficient metallostatic pressure for good liquid metal flow. When used as a side riser, the riser should prevent the movable gate from becoming lost or tilting in the cavity.

[0021] According to one embodiment, the riser should be easy to package and transport and can be quickly and easily attached to the casting mold during mold production.

[0022] Summary of the Invention

[0023] These and other objects are achieved by a feeder or a kit according to the independent patent claims.Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims or are explained below.

[0024] The feeder is intended for use in metal casting and comprises a feeder body, which is manufactured in one or more parts and encloses a feeder cavity, wherein the feeder cavity has at least two openings, one of which is a through-opening and the other, opposite opening is a cover opening, and the cover opening is closed or can be closed by a cover, and

[0025] a) wherein the cover comprises, on the side facing the riser cavity, a guide for the gate extending into the riser cavity, and / or

[0026] b) wherein the cover comprises, on a side facing the riser cavity, at least one receiving means for selectively connecting the functional component to the cover, and the functional component is connected to the cover by being inserted into the at least one receiving means, and the functional component extends into the riser cavity, wherein the functional component is selected from one or more elements of the group consisting of:

[0027] - at least one guide for the gate,

[0028] - At least one Williams core, and

[0029] - at least one finger for or made of a metallurgical additive, in particular serving as an inoculant. One or more functional components can be accommodated by a receiving means in or on the cover.

[0030] According to embodiment a), the guide is part of the cover, i.e., an integral part of the cover, and is in particular seamlessly connected to the cover and made of the same material. According to embodiment b), when the functional component is inserted into the receiving means, the functional component is connected to the cover and can be handled separately before being connected to the cover. The functional component can be removed from the receiving means non-destructively, but can also be removed from the cover in a manner that makes subsequent removal impossible, whether or not it is destroyed.

[0031] The feeder preferably has a movable gate for insertion into the through-opening and a guide for the gate.

[0032] The invention also relates to a kit for constructing a feeder, the kit comprising at least one feeder body, a cover and at least one functional component, which are independent of one another, wherein:

[0033] a) the feeder comprises a feeder body having one part or a plurality of parts and enclosing a feeder cavity, wherein the feeder cavity has at least two openings, one of which is a through-opening and the other, opposite opening being a cover opening,

[0034] b) a cover for closing the cover opening, wherein the cover has at least one receiving means on a side facing the feeder cavity for selectively connecting the functional component to the cover; and

[0035] c) wherein the at least one functional component is connectable to the cover by being inserted into the at least one receiving means such that the functional component extends into the riser cavity when the cover is in place, wherein the at least one functional component is selected from one or more elements of the group consisting of:

[0036] - at least one guide for the gate,

[0037] - At least one Williams core, and

[0038] At least one finger for or made of a metallurgical additive, in particular serving as an inoculant.

[0039] For example, the functional component has an insert at one end thereof for insertion into the receiving device.

[0040] The kit comprises in particular at least two functional components, each of which can be connected to the cover by being inserted into one or more receiving means.

[0041] The riser or sleeve can be used for casting metal in a vertically split casting mould, or for making a vertically split casting mould. For example, the riser or sleeve can be used in a Disamatic moulding machine.

[0042] The feeder according to the invention comprises at least one feeder body and a cover, wherein the feeder body has a through-opening for the liquid metal and a cover opening.

[0043] The cover is made of metal or plastic, in particular of plastic, and if made of plastic it can be made by injection molding or deep drawing, and if made of metal it can be made by deep drawing or impact extrusion.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment, the cover has a cover plate with a cover wall extending away from the cover plate at an angle of 120° to 60°, in particular approximately at a right angle, wherein the cover wall abuts against the inner and / or outer opening edge of the feeder body and thereby forms a force-fit connection, at least in sections, preferably circumferentially.

[0045] Preferably, the cover wall rests against the inner opening edge of the riser body. In addition, the cover plate extends beyond the attachment point of the cover wall to form a surrounding flange that rests on the opening edge of the upper portion of the riser cavity.

[0046] The cover preferably has a recess in the cover above the central axis of the through-opening in the riser body, through which the centering pin is guided. According to a preferred embodiment, the end of the centering pin is not rotationally symmetrical, but rather, for example, is oval, quadrilateral, or triangular in top view, so that the riser can be fixed to the template in a rotationally fixed manner, since the recess has a similar shape and thus surrounds the centering pin in a rotationally fixed manner. When used as a side riser, it is desirable to use the centering pin and the recess in the cover.

[0047] If the molding material is compacted, this causes the riser to move toward the template and the centering pin to push further through the recess. In addition, if a gate is present, it is pushed together or inserted into the riser cavity, or the riser body is made in two parts and (for example if a gate is not used) will be pushed together.

[0048] The sprue serves as an extension of the through-opening, allowing attachment to the mold plate and forming a breakaway edge, particularly for pivotable mold plates. When molten metal is poured into the mold, it enters the riser cavity via the sprue and through-opening. During the casting process, the riser cavity is configured to receive and delay the release of molten metal via the through-opening. As the casting shrinks, the molten metal then flows back into the casting through the through-opening of the riser body and via the sprue until the casting has fully solidified, or the riser body itself forms the sprue into the casting. If the sprue is made of metal or plastic, it may have dissolved, in which case the surrounding molding sand forms a connection to the casting.

[0049] The pouring nozzle can also be an integral part of the riser body and is then preferably made of the same material as the riser body. According to this embodiment, the riser body comprises two riser body shells, wherein the pouring nozzle is part of the first riser body shell, and the first riser body shell has a through-opening. The first riser body shell is movable displaceably within the second riser body shell. The second riser body shell has a cover. The through-opening is then equivalent to an exit or entry opening for liquid metal, or a passage to the riser cavity, where the liquid metal rises from the cavity of the mold into the riser or flows back. The first riser body shell and the second riser body shell enclose the riser cavity.

[0050] According to an alternative embodiment, the through-opening of the riser body is arranged in use such that the main volume of the riser cavity is located above the central axis of the through-opening. This arrangement of the through-opening ensures that, after the riser cavity is filled with liquid metal during metal casting, sufficient metallostatic pressure is generated in the still-liquid metal in the riser cavity as the liquid metal in the casting cools. This ensures sufficient replenishment of the casting and at least reduces the formation of cavities. The riser is manufactured for use in casting metal in a vertically divisible flaskless mold, in particular a Disamatic molding machine from DISA Industries A / S.

[0051] The Williams core and fingers have a length that allows the Williams core and fingers, or their ends, to be immersed in the rising liquid metal.

[0052] According to one embodiment, the riser cover has a guide extending into the riser cavity, which is intended to prevent the movable gate from getting lost and / or tilting within the riser cavity. The guide extends in the direction of the through-opening. The guide for the gate can be designed, for example, as a spacer or as a sliding bearing or a sliding track.

[0053] The guide extends from the cover into the riser cavity, in particular extends at least 50%, preferably at least 75% of the possible distance into the riser cavity.According to one embodiment, the guide extends from the cover to the opposite riser bottom of the riser cavity and thus supports the cover.

[0054] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0055] When attaching the riser according to the present invention vertically to the formwork, the riser rests on the centering pins. This can be done when the formwork is arranged horizontally and before it is pivoted into the vertical position. The gate remains in this position even during compaction of the molding material mixture, ensuring a defined fracture edge directly on the casting. The gate seals the riser cavity, preventing the molding material from penetrating and acts as a fracture core, ensuring minimal riser residue after removal. Regrinding of the casting at the fracture edge is minimized and can often even be omitted. The gate can also be an integral part of the riser body.

[0056] During compaction of the molding material, the riser body moves relative to the gate toward the mold. Here, the gate either slides into the passage opening of the riser body (movable gate) or is compressed (compressible gate), for example along a fold, so that the gate can be pushed together like an accordion. If the gate is an integral part of the riser body, the two riser parts forming the riser body slide together.

[0057] Rising head can stand on the bottom of template or centering pin towards casting or mould cavity.In this way, between mould cavity and rising head, constitute connection.

[0058] The riser body can be made of any insulating and / or exothermic material known in the art. Exothermic materials include, but are not limited to, those disclosed in DE 199 25 167 as possible riser materials. Riser bases made of insulating materials are also common and practical. Suitable materials are familiar to those skilled in the art. Depending on the casting, an exothermic and / or insulating riser may be preferred.

[0059] The recess for the centering pin and the through-opening are arranged opposite one another so that, when the riser is aligned vertically in the functional state, at least 55 volume percent, preferably at least 60 volume percent, in particular at least 75 volume percent, of the main volume of the riser cavity, i.e., the riser cavity located above the center axis, lies through the through-opening.

[0060] The feeder body can have any shape. In particular, the feeder body is configured as a channel with a through opening and an opposite cover opening. The cover opening is closed by a cover.

[0061] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the riser body has the shape of a cuboid (including a cuboid with rounded edges) with at least two longitudinal sides, two transverse sides, a top side, and a bottom side. According to a preferred embodiment, the longitudinal sides have a larger surface area than the transverse sides. On the one hand, the top side and the bottom side, and on the other hand, the two longitudinal sides preferably have the same surface area. Preferably, the top side and the bottom side have a larger surface area than the two longitudinal sides. The bottom side is the side facing the forming plate. According to one embodiment, the gate is located on this bottom side. The top side has a cover opening that can be closed by a cover. The top side may only have a circumferential opening edge formed by the riser wall.

[0062] According to another embodiment, the feeder body has the shape of a tube which is closed on the bottom side and open on the top side. The gate with the through-opening or only the through-opening is located on the bottom side. The top side accommodates the cover.

[0063] The opening for the cover to be placed on top is preferably larger than the through-opening for the gate; in particular, the opening occupies the entire top face, apart from the wall thickness of the feeder body.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the gate is inserted through the cover opening into the through opening (eg a movable gate).

[0065] In the context of the present invention, a gate, in particular a movable gate, is understood to be a tubular body, as described in DE 10 2005 008 324 A1. In addition to tubular gates, i.e., gates with a circular cross-section, oval, quadrilateral, or polygonal geometries are also possible. The gate tapers, in particular, toward its end facing away from the feeder body, for example, because it is tapered.

[0066] The gate, especially the movable gate, can have different lengths. Typical lengths are approximately 15 mm to 300 mm, in particular 35 mm to 100 mm. The gate length is selected so that it at least spans the distance between the riser and the forming die or mold before forming. The inner diameter of the gate can, in principle, be selected arbitrarily, with the opening being sufficiently large to ensure that the molten metal flows into and out of the riser during the casting and solidification processes. The gate diameter is determined by the diameter of the opening for the gate, since, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the gate is inserted into the riser body.

[0067] The gate, in particular the movable gate, can have any length, wall thickness and diameter that are suitable in the individual case. Depending on the material used, the wall thickness is typically 0.1 mm to 10 mm, in particular 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.

[0068] The gate, in particular the movable gate, can be made of a suitable material that has a corresponding strength and does not cause any disruptive reactions to the cast part being fed. Such materials are, for example, metal, plastic, cardboard, or the like. In a preferred embodiment, the gate is made of metal, in particular of a material similar to that used in the casting process, such as aluminum sheet, iron sheet, or steel sheet.

[0069] A gate, particularly a movable gate, is provided with a stopper at its end facing the riser cavity. The stopper is positioned at the gate such that when the gate is fully extended, the stopper remains within the riser cavity. When the gate is pulled out of the riser body, the stopper reaches the surface in the riser cavity that is connected to the through-opening. In principle, the stopper can be of any design and preferably abuts the riser bottom in the riser cavity.

[0070] The stopper for securing the gate in the through-opening can, for example, be formed as one or more thickened portions on the outside of the gate, preferably surrounding the gate along its periphery. A single protrusion is also feasible as the stopper. Typically, the stopper is made of the same material as the gate. However, it is also feasible for the stopper to be made of a different material. Preferably, both the gate and the stopper are circular in shape, with the stopper surrounding the gate at its upper end like a brim of a hat.

[0071] The dimensions of the length of the movable gate and the height of the riser cavity are preferably coordinated with one another in such a way that in the insertion position for conventional transport of the riser, the gate is completely inserted into the riser cavity of the riser body, apart from any wall thickness of the through-opening, so that the gate no longer extends outwards from the through-opening.

[0072] In the described embodiments, it may also be preferred that the gates can be pushed into one another in a telescopic and / or accordion-like manner, as disclosed, for example, in DE 10 2013 209 775 or DE 20 2011 103 718 U.

[0073] In a preferred embodiment, the through-opening is arranged at the lower end of the feeder body in a horizontally oriented functional state of use of the feeder body.

[0074] The cover is made of plastic or metal, such as aluminum sheet, iron sheet or steel sheet, similar to a casting process.

[0075] The cover has at least one receiving means on a side facing the feeder cavity, the at least one receiving means for a functional component that can be optionally connected to the cover, wherein the functional component is connected to the cover by being inserted into the at least one receiving means and the functional component extends into the feeder cavity, wherein the functional component is selected from one or more elements of the group consisting of:

[0076] - at least one guide for the gate,

[0077] - At least one Williams core, and

[0078] At least one finger for or made of a metallurgical additive, in particular serving as an inoculant.

[0079] The guide element optionally forms a shaft together with an inner wall section of the riser body, in which the gate can be moved, in particular into and out of the riser cavity, until the gate rests on a stop element. The guide element extends into the riser cavity in the direction of the riser bottom, away from the cover.

[0080] If necessary, the guide piece can also rest on the feeder bottom, since this gives the cover additional stability during the compression molding of the mixture.

[0081] The guides may be fins acting as space dividers and arranged such that the movable gate is movable and displaceable within the first region of the riser body but is not "lost" in other riser cavities because the fins prevent the gate from tilting.

[0082] The fins extend in the direction of the through-opening and are arranged such that the gate can be displaced into the riser cavity without being tilted or lost in the riser cavity.

[0083] The guide acts as a spatial separator for the pouring nozzle, but not for the liquid metal, and divides the riser cavity into two zones: a first zone in which the pouring nozzle is movably mounted when it is at least largely or even completely accommodated in the riser cavity; and a second zone in which the pouring nozzle cannot enter the second zone because the guide or fin blocks the pouring nozzle from entering the second zone. In the first zone, the pouring nozzle axis is aligned with the center axis of the through-opening, so that, under the influence of gravity, the pouring nozzle can slide through the through-opening until it is fixed at the through-opening by means of a stop.

[0084] The space divider or fin extends into the riser cavity and divides it into at least a first region and a second region. The first region has a through-opening for the gate. When the gate is inserted into the riser cavity, it no longer becomes "lost" or twisted within the cavity. Instead, it is "trapped" in the first region, aligning the gate axis in the direction of the central axis. Thus, the space divider or fin also serves as a guide for the gate, without requiring a removable connection between the gate and the space divider.

[0085] However, a guide for the gate in the form of a sliding bearing or sliding rail can also be provided, so that the gate can be moved in / on the guide along the gate axis or the center axis of the through-opening and in this respect the gate and the guide are movably connected.

[0086] To this end, the gate is connected to a guide element so that it can be moved along the travel path. For example, the gate can have one or more grooves, for example, grooves distributed around the gate flange, into which the guide rails engage. Alternatively, the guide element can include a rod and a hole in the gate flange, which guides the gate along the rod. It is also possible for the gate to have clamping handles that engage on both sides, opposite each other, in grooves of the guide rails.

[0087] In another embodiment, a tubular guide in the form of a sliding bearing extends away from the cover. The diameter of the tube is larger than the gate together with the stopper so that the gate can be displaced in the tube without tilting.

[0088] According to another embodiment, the functional component is a Williams core. This is usually a conical core that tapers from above to a point and extends into the riser cavity, or in the case of side risers it can also extend horizontally, with the purpose of delaying the solidification of the liquid metal due to the sand edge effect or due to the fact that it is exothermic.

[0089] According to another embodiment, the functional component is a finger made of or containing a metallurgical additive, such as an inoculant. The metallurgical additive can be used in particular for iron castings. FeSi-based alloys used to treat cast iron melts improve the nucleation balance and reduce the tendency toward white cast iron solidification. The metallurgical additive can be a body pressed or cast from the inoculant alloy.

[0090] For example, metallurgical additives can be used to refine the (Al+Si) eutectic of aluminum-silicon alloys. For example, sodium or strontium is added as metallurgical additives to hypoeutectic and eutectic aluminum-silicon alloys to improve the mechanical properties and quality of castings.

[0091] In another embodiment, the cover plate has stabilizing ribs. This has the advantage of providing additional rigidity to the cover, which can be made of different materials, such as plastic or metal, such as aluminum. This prevents the molding material from penetrating into the riser cavity when the molding material is compressed, which is undesirable and could negatively impact the quality of the casting. In one embodiment, the cover is glued or clamped to the riser body, preferably by means of cold adhesive, for example, as is known to those skilled in the art.

[0092] In another embodiment, the cover has a recess for the centering pin. The recess for the centering pin is arranged on the same imaginary center axis as the through-opening, so that the centering pin can be guided both through the through-opening for the gate and through the recess in the cover. The recess in the cover for the tip of the centering pin makes it easier to place the riser on the centering pin or to connect the riser to the mold model. The shape of the recess preferably corresponds to the outer contour of the tip of the centering pin, which can be inserted into the recess, thereby securing the riser against twisting. The centering pin can also support the cover when it rests on the centering pin in the edge area of ​​the recess during molding.

[0093] Depending on the workpiece to be cast, the riser can have different volumes for accommodating the molten metal. Typically, the riser according to the invention has a volume of 0.01 to 35 liters, in particular 0.03 to 3.1 liters.

[0094] In another embodiment of the present invention, the riser has at least one supporting device. This supporting device is designed to allow the riser to be at least partially positioned in a vertically divisible casting mold in a manner that prevents it from sliding or rotating. In vertically divisible casting molds, the riser is usually first placed on centering pins located on the forming mold. The mold mold is fixed to a horizontally aligned forming plate, which is rotated 90° and aligned vertically for the purpose of producing the casting mold. However, depending on the size of the riser, it may be advantageous to support the riser on the forming mold at at least one additional point adjacent to the centering pin (particularly above it), thereby keeping the riser horizontal (before pivoting to the vertical position) or parallel to the forming plate after pivoting to the vertical position, in order to prevent it from tipping over or sliding on the horizontally aligned forming plate. The centering pins located on the forming mold are usually guided through the liquid metal through-opening of the riser (the opening for the pouring gate) to position the riser at a precisely predetermined point in the compacted casting mold.

[0095] The support device is used to attach and support the riser on the formwork so that the riser does not tilt when the molding material mixture is compacted around and, in particular, beneath the riser, because the support device rests on the forming plate when the riser assumes its final position after compaction. Thus, according to one embodiment, the support height corresponds approximately to the height of the gate after the molding material has been compressed. In the region of the other (upper) end of the riser, the support element is spaced apart from the gate or channel opening. This ensures that the riser, with its base plate, is arranged parallel to the formwork, even after the molding material has been compacted. The support device can be designed to be compressible.

[0096] In risers used in vertically divisible casting molds, when the riser is aligned horizontally in its functional state, the majority of the riser cavity is located above the through-opening. Consequently, such risers can be top-heavy when placed on the centering pins and can bend or twist. Furthermore, this can result in a suboptimal fracture edge between the riser and the casting, which in turn leads to additional costly and time-intensive work steps. Therefore, it may be desirable to prevent the riser from bending or twisting by means of a support device, in addition to the centering pins, that stabilizes the riser in its position.

[0097] In another embodiment, a support device is provided in the form of a compressible support, for example, adhesively attached to the riser body. The support device is positioned so that the partially top-heavy riser remains balanced when it is placed on a centering pin located on the molding die. When the molding material is compressed, the support, such as a metal spring, is irreversibly compressed.

[0098] Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the feeder insert according to the invention in a vertically divisible casting mold, in particular a Disamatic molding machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0099] The present invention and its embodiments are illustrated in the following drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The drawings show:

[0100] Figure 1 : A cross-section through a riser according to the invention with a movable gate, wherein a circumferential flange of the gate rests on the riser base in the riser cavity, the riser rests on a centering pin, and the cover has a guide for the gate, which is connected integrally to the cover;

[0101] Figure 2 :Throughout according to Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a riser according to the invention with a cover after compaction of the molding material, wherein the gate is pushed a certain distance into the riser cavity;

[0102] Figure 3 : A top view from below of a cover with reinforcing ribs, wherein, for the purpose of illustrating the installation, a functional component including fins as room dividers is inserted into a receiving means (insert part) in the cover;

[0103] Figure 4 :according to Figure 3 A top view of the cover from above, wherein the functional component is inserted into the guide and clamped in an annular manner around the opening of the cover and simultaneously locked;

[0104] Figure 5 : a riser body having a functional component in the form of a guide with a sliding track, and having two further sliding tracks formed by the riser body, wherein recesses in the flange of the movable gate respectively clamp the sliding tracks in order to provide sliding guidance;

[0105] Figure 6 :according to Figure 5 Exploded view of an embodiment of the present invention, with a cover.

[0106] Figure 7 : Williams core, the Williams core is inserted into the insert in the cover for installation, that is, inserted into the Figure 3 in an insert that houses the fins;

[0107] Figure 8 : Williams core and fins serving as room dividers, each inserted into a cover. The Williams core is shown with its tip pointing downwards, relative to an arrangement as a side riser with a horizontal center axis extending through a through-opening or a horizontal centering pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0108] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A cross-section of a feeder 1 according to the invention is shown. The feeder comprises a feeder body 2, a cover 3 and a pouring nozzle 4. The feeder body 2 comprises a cover opening 9 and a through-opening 8 for the pouring nozzle 8.

[0109] The guide extends from the cover 3 in the direction of the through-opening 8 for the gate 4. The gate 4 has a stop 10 made as a flange at its upper end facing the riser cavity 6. The guide 5 divides the riser cavity 6 into two different zones, wherein the volume of the lower zone with the through-opening 8 is smaller than the upper zone of the riser cavity 6 (wherein the center axis passes horizontally through the through-opening 8). The gate 4 of the riser 1 is placed on the centering pin 7, which is guided at its upper end by a recess 11 in the cover 3. The functional component 5 is a guide made as a fin and acts as a space divider. Here, a guide means: a space divider provides a compartment in the riser cavity, in which the movable gate cannot be lost or its orientation cannot be changed.

[0110] Figure 2 Shown according to Figure 1 The riser 1 of FIG. 1 is shown, wherein the molding material mixture around the riser 1 has been compacted, and therefore the gate 4 has moved further into the riser space, and the centering pin 7 has moved further through the recess 11 in the cover, and the cover 3 also rests on the supporting edge 12 of the centering pin 7. The space divider in the form of a fin (usually a functional component 5) also supports the cover 3 on the riser bottom 14.

[0111] Figure 3 The underside of the cover 3 is shown. The cover 3 has a recess 11 for a centering pin and an insert 20 for a fin-shaped guide 5, which extends toward the riser bottom 14 when the cover 3 is in place. The guide 5 has a round plug-in adapter 21 at its end facing the cover 3. This plug-in adapter can be anchored in the insert 20 in the cover, whereby the perforation 13 in the cover for the insert 20 is then closed, and small, flexible teeth 22 engage around the edge of the perforation 13 in the cover and securely connect the plug-in adapter 21 to the insert 20. The rail 23 on the plug-in adapter 21 can be used as a twist lock, as it engages in a groove 24 along the insertion wall 25 of the insert 20.

[0112] The underside of the cover 3 has stabilizing ribs 19 that provide additional rigidity. For example, the cover 3 can be glued to the cover opening 9 of the riser body 2. The recess 11 for the centering pin 7 is in the form of an elongated slit with two parallel edges and rounded corners. This ensures that the riser 1 rests securely on the centering pin 7 and prevents rotation. The recess 11 for the centering pin 7 is surrounded by a lowered support surface 30 on the underside of the cover. This lowered support surface 30 can be used to support the cover on the support edge 12 of the centering pin 7 as the surrounding molding material mixture is compacted and the centering pin 7 is pushed further through the recess 11.

[0113] Figure 4 Shown according to Figure 3 Top view of the cover 3. The cover 3 has a recess 11 for the centering pin 7 and an insert 20 for the fin-shaped guide element 5. The plug-in adapter 21 is inserted into the insert 20 in the cover, thereby closing the perforation 13 in the cover. The teeth 22 grip the edge of the insert wall 25 / cover plate 26 and secure the plug-in adapter 21 to the insert wall 25.

[0114] The surrounding cover wall 29 is still visible, by means of which the cover can be pushed into the riser cavity along the inner riser wall in a force-fitting manner. The cover plate extends beyond the attachment point of the cover wall and forms a surrounding cover flange, which rests on the upper opening edge 28 formed by the riser wall.

[0115] Figure 5 A top view of a feeder 1 according to the invention in a cuboid, cover-less embodiment is shown. The feeder body 2 has two longitudinal sides 15, 15' (only one longitudinal side is visible), two transverse sides 16, 16' (only one transverse side is visible), a top side 17, and a bottom side 18. The cover opening 9, into which the cover 3 can be inserted, is located on the top side 17.

[0116] The movable gate 4 is inserted into the through-opening 8. The gate has a surrounding flange 10. Three dovetail-shaped slot openings 31 are provided in the outer circumference of the flange 10. A dovetail-shaped guide rail 32 runs in each of the slot openings 31.

[0117] Two dovetail-shaped rails 32 are arranged in the riser cavity on the riser wall near the through-opening 8. Dovetail rails 32' extend downward from the cover 3 as guides 5. The dovetail rails 32 are arranged parallel to the central axis. The guides 5 are constructed as sliding guides that allow the gate 4 to translate. The dovetail guides prevent the gate from slipping out of the rails.

[0118] Figure 6 The exploded view shows the cover 3 according to Figure 5 The dovetail rail 32 extends downward from the cover 3 as a guide. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the plug-in adapter 21 is provided for insertion into the insert 20 in the cover, thereby closing the through-hole 13 in the cover. The teeth 22 securely fasten the plug-in adapter 21 in the insert 20.

[0119] Figure 7 A Williams core with a plug-in adapter 21 is shown. The tip of the Williams core 32 points toward the riser base 14. This Williams core 33 is primarily intended for riser arrangements with a vertically oriented center axis, i.e., for horizontally divisible molds. Fingers, which appear similar in appearance to the Williams core, can also be designed for or consist of metal additives. The metal additive, such as inoculating metal, is located at the tip.

[0120] Figure 8 The cover 3 is provided for the riser 1 of a vertically divisible mold. With the center axis arranged horizontally, the tip 34 of the Williams core 33 points downward. The Williams core 33 is inserted as an insert in the rear wall of the cover, between the stabilizing ribs 19, into the recesses created by the grid struts. At the same time, space dividers in the form of fins are inserted into the cover 3 as additional functional components 5'.

[0121] Reference Signs List

[0122] 1 Riser

[0123] 2 riser body

[0124] 3 covers

[0125] 4 Gate

[0126] 5,5' Functional components / guides / space dividers

[0127] 6 Riser cavity

[0128] 7 Centering pin

[0129] 8 Through opening

[0130] 9 Cover opening

[0131] 10 Gate flange as a stop

[0132] 11 Recess in cover for centering pin

[0133] 12 Support edge on centering pin

[0134] 13 Perforations in the cover

[0135] 14 Riser bottom

[0136] 15, 15' longitudinal side

[0137] 16, 16' lateral side

[0138] 17 Top side

[0139] 18 bottom side

[0140] 19 Stabilizing ribs

[0141] 20 Insert / receiving mechanism

[0142] 21 plug-in adapter

[0143] 22 teeth

[0144] 23 Slide rails

[0145] 24 slots

[0146] 25 Insert Wall

[0147] 26 Cover

[0148] 27 Cover flange

[0149] 28 Opening edge formed by the riser wall

[0150] 29 Covering the wall

[0151] 30 Support surface

[0152] 31 slot opening

[0153] 32 dovetail rails

[0154] 33 Williams core

[0155] 34 The tip of a Williams core.

Claims

1. A riser for use in metal casting, comprising: a feeder body having one part or a plurality of parts and enclosing a feeder cavity, The riser cavity has at least two openings, one opening being a through opening and the other opening opposite thereto being a cover opening, and the cover opening is closed by a cover, and the cover is made of metal and / or plastic, and a) wherein the cover comprises, on a side facing the riser cavity, a guide extending into the riser cavity for a gate, and / or b) wherein the cover comprises, on a side facing the riser cavity, at least one receiving mechanism for selectively connecting a functional component to the cover, and the functional component is connected to the cover by being inserted into the at least one receiving mechanism, and the functional component extends into the riser cavity, wherein the functional component is selected from one or more elements of the group consisting of: - at least one guide for the gate, - At least one Williams core, and - At least one finger for or made of a metallurgical additive.

2. The riser according to claim 1, wherein: The riser comprises a movable gate for insertion into the through-opening and preferably comprises a guide for the gate.

3. The riser according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cover has stabilizing ribs, and preferably the stabilizing ribs at least partially form the at least one receiving means and serve as one or more inserts for fixing the functional component.

4. Feeder according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein The cover is made of plastic.

5. Feeder according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein The cover is bonded to or onto the riser body.

6. Feeder according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The cover engages into the feeder cavity with a cover wall extending away from the cover plate, preferably extending substantially perpendicularly, and at least partially resting against the interior of the feeder cavity. The cover wall is preferably designed to extend in the circumferential direction.

7. Feeder according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein The functional component is a room divider, in particular a room divider in the form of a fin.

8. Feeder according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein The guide member has a sliding bearing, a sliding rail or a groove for guiding the gate.

9. Feeder according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein The feeder further comprises a metal gate which is movably inserted into the through-opening or is bonded into or onto the through-opening.

10. Feeder according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein The cover has a recess for a centering pin.

11. A kit for constructing a feeder, comprising at least one feeder body, a cover made of metal and / or plastic, and at least one functional component, which are independent of one another, wherein: a) the feeder comprises a feeder body having one or more parts and enclosing a feeder cavity, wherein the feeder cavity has at least two openings, one of which is a through-opening and the other, opposite opening is a cover opening, b) the cover is used to close the cover opening, wherein the cover has at least one receiving means on a side facing the feeder cavity for selectively connecting a functional component to the cover; and c) wherein the at least one functional component is connectable to the cover by being inserted into the at least one receiving means so that the functional component extends into the riser cavity when the cover is in place, wherein the at least one functional component is selected from one or more elements of the group consisting of: - at least one guide for the gate, - At least one Williams core, and At least one finger for or made of a metallurgical additive, in particular serving as an inoculant.

12. The kit of claim 11, wherein: The kit comprises a movable gate for insertion into the through-opening and at least one guide for the gate as a functional component.

13. Kit according to at least one of claims 11 or 12, wherein The kit is further characterized by any one of claims 2 to 10 .

14. Kit according to at least one of claims 11 to 13, wherein The kit comprises at least two functional components, each of which can be connected to the cover by being inserted into one or more of the receiving means.

15. Use of a feeder or a sleeve according to any one of the preceding claims for casting metal, in particular in a vertically divisible casting mould.

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