Basalt carbon fiber composite variable-density material combined wind power blade

Abstract

A basalt carbon fiber composite variable-density material combined wind power blade comprises at least one blade unit assembled in the length direction of the blade, density gradient increasing is achieved in the direction from a blade tip to a blade root through material density gradient distribution and / or hollowed-out structure gradient distribution, and the adjacent blade units are detachably connected through non-threaded connection structures. The combined design of the blade and the modular blade unit solve the oversized blade land transportation problem, non-threaded connection (bare-handed disassembly and assembly) improves the field installation efficiency, and the risk of thread loosening is eradicated. The blade tips are light, starting torque is reduced, carrying and assembling are convenient, and the wind speed and power generation efficiency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to a variable-density wind blade, in particular to a wind blade composed of a basalt carbon fiber composite variable-density material combination. Background Art

[0002] The blades of current mainstream wind turbines are long, and land transportation is limited by bridge culverts (width limit 4.5 meters) and curve radius (minimum turning radius ≥ 50 meters), which means that the integral blades need to be split into multiple pieces. The segmented connection of wind blades disclosed in the prior art relies on threaded fastening or latches, which has certain thread risk defects, that is, long-term vibration causes the bolts to loosen, requiring high-altitude maintenance, and posing a great safety hazard; at the same time, in the existing solution, the overall blade weight distribution is only achieved through the shape and size of the blade to achieve a gradual change from the root to the tip of the blade, but there has not been a further subdivision of the overall weight reduction of the blade. For some light wind application scenarios, the tip moment of inertia is too high, and its light wind starting capability is poor. At the same time, the blades are generally heavy, which increases the difficulty and cost in the handling and assembly links. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a wind blade composed of a basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material, comprising at least one blade unit assembled along the length direction of the blade, wherein a density gradient is increased from the tip to the root of the blade by a material density gradient distribution and / or a blind hole groove structure gradient distribution, and adjacent blade units are detachably connected by a non-threaded connection structure. This structure comprises:

[0004] a. Radial limit unit: realizes circumferential constraint between blade units;

[0005] b. Axial anti-detachment unit: realizes axial locking between blade units.

[0006] Furthermore, the density gradient is achieved by combining the following materials:

[0007] a. Blade tip unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.4-1.6g / cm 3 ;

[0008] b. Leaf unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.6-1.8g / cm 3 ;

[0009] c. Blade root unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.8-2.0g / cm 3 .

[0010] Furthermore, the density gradient is achieved through a blind hole groove structure:

[0011] a. A blind hole is provided on the leeward side of the blade tip unit, and the depth of the blind hole accounts for 60% of the cross-section thickness;

[0012] b. The depth of the blind hole in the leaf unit accounts for 40% of the cross-section thickness;

[0013] c. The blade root unit has no blind holes.

[0014] Furthermore, the density gradient is achieved by the difference in the number of blind hole grooves: the number of blind hole grooves in the blade root unit, the blade mid-unit and the blade tip unit increases successively.

[0015] Furthermore, the radial limiting unit is an axial plug-in assembly, comprising:

[0016] a. A stepped shaft provided in the first blade unit, wherein the outer diameter thereof is changed in the range of D1-D2-D1, and D2>D1; b. A matching shaft hole provided in the second blade unit;

[0017] c. The axial anti-slip unit is a T-shaped fixing pin that passes through the stepped shaft and the blade unit. The T-shaped fixing pin passes through the stepped shaft and two adjacent blade units, and the end is locked by an open retaining ring. Furthermore, the radial limiting unit is a dovetail slide rail assembly, including:

[0018] a. The dovetail chute and limit block provided on the first blade unit;

[0019] b. A matching slider provided on the second blade unit;

[0020] c. The axial anti-detachment unit is a spring lock tongue, which is automatically extended by a spring;

[0021] d. The slider is confined in the lock tongue slot under the action of the limit block and the lock tongue, e. The lock tongue push rod is exposed on the surface of the blade unit, and the exposed length is not less than 5mm.

[0022] Furthermore, the inner wall of the blind hole is fitted with a micro-perforated sound-absorbing membrane with a pore diameter of 0.1-0.5 mm.

[0023] Furthermore, the surface of the spring lock tongue and / or the spring is covered with an Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic anti-rust coating with a thickness of 50-100 μm.

[0024] Furthermore, the spring lock tongue includes an exposed lock tongue pushing rod, and pushing the lock tongue pushing rod can drive the lock tongue to perform linear motion.

[0025] The present invention adopts the above scheme, and its beneficial effects are as follows: Through the above scheme, the combined design of the blades can be realized, and the modular blade unit solves the problem of land transportation of super-large blades. The non-threaded connection (manual disassembly and assembly) improves the efficiency of on-site installation and eliminates the risk of loose threads. The lightweight design of the blade tip can reduce the starting torque and increase the wind speed power generation. The lightweight design is more conducive to transportation and assembly, and improves the power generation efficiency. The high density of the blade root enhances the bending stiffness and extends the fatigue life. At the same time, the sound-absorbing membrane in the blind hole groove reduces aerodynamic noise. Standardized connectors support local replacement and reduce maintenance costs. The use of environmentally friendly materials such as basalt fiber significantly reduces the environmental impact of the blade throughout its life cycle, which is in line with the development trend of green energy equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is the overall appearance of the fan blade generator of this application;

[0027] Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a partial enlarged view of the exploded portion of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 4 This is an assembly diagram of a single blade unit of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 5 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a single blade unit in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram of a stepped shaft according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 A three-dimensional diagram of a T-shaped fixing pin according to the first embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic perspective view of the windward side of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a partial enlarged view of the windward side of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the windward side explosion of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a partial enlarged view of the spring lock tongue of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 12 This is another exploded perspective diagram of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 13A partially enlarged view of the slider of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the spring lock tongue of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the corresponding slider and the slide groove after one of the blade units is hidden in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 16 This is a partial enlarged view of the assembly of the slider and the slide groove of the first embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the material density zoning of the blade unit in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the blind hole groove partitioning of the blade unit in the third embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 19 This is a cross-sectional view of a blind hole groove in the middle of a blade according to the third embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 20 This is a cross-sectional view of a blind hole groove in the blade tip area of ​​the third embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the hollow area sound-absorbing membrane in the third embodiment of the present application;

[0047] In the figure: 1-first blade unit; 2-second blade unit; 3-third blade unit; 4-stepped shaft; 131-shaft hole; 5-T-type fixing pin; 6-opening retaining ring; 7-blade unit; 8-blade unit; 11-outer skin; 12-blade skeleton; 13-circular tube; 41-stepped shaft section 1; 42-stepped shaft section 2; 43-stepped shaft section 3; 44-stepped shaft side hole; 51-fixing pin flange; 52-fixing pin shaft; 53-annular groove; 81-swallow Tail slide; 82-limit block; 83-spring lock tongue; 100-blade root unit; 101-blade root unit; 111-through hole; 131-inner hole of circular tube; 132-side hole of circular tube; 200-mid-blade unit; 201-mid-blade unit; 300-blade tip unit; 301-blade tip unit; 831-lock tongue; 832-lock tongue push rod; 833-lock tongue spring; 834-lock tongue seat; 2011-blind hole groove; 3011-blind hole groove; 3012-sound-absorbing membrane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG, a typical wind turbine blade includes a blade tip region and a blade root region, wherein the blade tip region is located at the distal end and the blade root region is located near the center of the blade shaft. Figure 2 、 3 As shown, a wind turbine blade includes a first blade unit 1, a second blade unit 2, and a third blade unit 3 assembled along the length direction of the blade. Adjacent blade units are detachably connected by a non-threaded connection structure. This structure includes:

[0051] a. Radial limit unit: realizes circumferential constraint between blade units;

[0052] b. Axial anti-detachment unit: realizes axial locking between blade units.

[0053] The radial limiting unit is an axial plug-in component, including: a stepped shaft 4 provided on the first blade unit, whose outer diameter changes in the order of D1-D2-D1, and D2>D1; a matching shaft hole 131 provided on the second blade unit; the axial anti-slip unit is a T-shaped fixing pin 5 that passes through the stepped shaft 4 and the blade unit, and the T-shaped fixing pin 5 passes through the stepped shaft 4 and two adjacent blade units, and the end is locked by an open retaining ring 6.

[0054] like Figure 4 、 5 As shown, the schematic diagram of the appearance and internal structure of the single blade unit 1 includes an outer skin 11, the outer skin 11 is made of steel material, and corresponds to a plurality of through holes 111, and the interior includes a plurality of blade skeletons 12 and at least two circular tubes 13 connecting the blade skeletons, and the circular tube 13 includes a circular tube inner hole 131 and a plurality of circular tube side holes 132.

[0055] like Figure 6 The detailed structure of the stepped shaft 4 is further shown separately, including a first step shaft section 41, a second step shaft section 42, and a third step shaft section 43. The first step shaft section 41 and the third step shaft section 43 have the same outer diameter, D1. The outer diameter of the stepped shaft 42 is D2, with D2 greater than D1. The stepped shaft 4 also includes multiple side holes 44.

[0056] like Figure 7 As shown, the T-shaped fixing pin 5 includes a fixing pin flange 51 and a fixing pin shaft 52. The outer diameter of the fixing pin flange is larger than the outer diameter of the fixing pin shaft. The end of the fixing pin shaft away from the fixing pin flange includes an annular groove 53. The groove 53 is used to install the elastic opening retaining ring 6.

[0057] Combine Figure 3 、 6 7. Insert the stepped shaft 4 into the corresponding inner hole 131 of the circular tube 13 inside the blade unit, then insert the T-shaped fixing pin 5 from the side, passing through the through hole 111 on the outer skin 11 of the blade, the side hole 132 of the circular tube, and the side hole 44 of the stepped shaft in sequence, until the groove 53 on the T-shaped fixing pin 5 is exposed from the other side surface of the blade skin, and then install the elastic open retaining ring 6. The combined installation of the T-shaped fixing pin and the open retaining ring can replace the traditional screw thread installation. During the rotation of the wind blade, even vibration can greatly reduce the failure of the assembly structure. If the materials for the T-shaped fixing pin 5 and the open retaining ring 6 are selected with better weather resistance and corrosion resistance, the safe service life of the blade can be improved.

[0058] like Figure 8 、 9 As shown, another embodiment of a wind blade includes a blade unit 7 and a blade unit 8 that are assembled and docked with each other, and the lock tongue push rod 832 in the corresponding spring lock tongue in the blade unit 8 is exposed on the surface of the blade unit, with an exposed length of not less than 5 mm, and supports manual sliding unlocking to facilitate the assembly and disassembly of two independent blade units.

[0059] like Figure 10 、 11 , 12, 13, 14, and 15 show exploded schematic diagrams and partial enlarged views of the blade unit 7 and blade unit 8 from two angles. The blade unit 8 includes a dovetail slot 81 and a stop block 82. A spring lock tongue 83 is installed above the dovetail slot 81. The spring lock tongue 83 includes a lock tongue 831, a lock tongue push rod 832 that slides integrally with the lock tongue 831, an internally pushed lock tongue spring 833, and a lock tongue seat 834. The lock tongue 831 automatically extends under the push of the lock tongue spring 833. When the slider 71 on the blade unit 7 is inserted into the slot 81 on the lock tongue blade unit 8, the slider 71 is confined within the lock tongue slot 81 under the action of the stop block 82 and the lock tongue 831. The surface of the spring lock tongue and / or the spring is covered with an Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic anti-rust coating with a thickness of 50-100μm.

[0060] like Figure 17 In another blade embodiment, the blade unit is divided into three major regions, namely the blade tip unit 300, the blade mid-unit 200, and the blade root unit 100. Furthermore, the three units are independent blade units and fixedly connected together by assembly, or the three units themselves are a single integral blade divided into three regions. A density gradient is achieved from the tip to the blade root by distributing the material density gradient. The density gradient is achieved by combining materials. Specific solutions include:

[0061] a. Blade tip unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.4-1.6g / cm 3 ;

[0062] b. Leaf unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.6-1.8g / cm 3 ;

[0063] c. Blade root unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.8-2.0g / cm 3 .

[0064] like Figure 18 、 19 , 20 shows another embodiment of a blade, the blade is similar Figure 17 The embodiment is divided into three regions, namely the blade tip unit 301, the blade mid-unit 201, and the blade root unit 101. The blade mid-unit 201 includes a blind hole groove 2011, and the blade tip unit 301 includes a blind hole groove 3011. The density gradient is achieved by the difference in the number of blind hole grooves: the number of blind hole grooves in the blade root unit 101, the blade mid-unit 201, and the blade tip unit 301 increases in sequence. In another solution, the density gradient is achieved by the blind hole groove structure:

[0065] a. A blind hole is provided on the leeward side of the blade tip unit, and the depth of the blind hole groove accounts for 60% of the cross-section thickness;

[0066] b. The depth of the blind hole groove of the leaf unit accounts for 40% of the cross-section thickness;

[0067] c. The blade root unit has no blind hole groove.

[0068] like Figure 21 As shown, the inner wall of the blind hole is fitted with a micro-perforated sound-absorbing membrane 3012 with a pore diameter of 0.1-0.5 mm. The sound-absorbing membrane can better reduce aerodynamic noise.

[0069] The same or similar numbers in the figures of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar parts. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship, they are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the figure. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the position relationship in the figures are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0070] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "connected" to another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be a component in the middle; when a component is referred to as being "fixed" to another component, it may be directly fixed to the other component or there may be a component in the middle, and it may be done by effective means such as bonding, welding, riveting, bolts, etc., which are not listed one by one in this application; when a component is referred to as being "movable" with another component, it may be done by rotation or sliding.

[0071] The present application is not limited to the aforementioned specific embodiments, and the present invention extends to any new features or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any new method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

Claims

1. A wind blade composed of a basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material, characterized by: It comprises at least one blade unit assembled along the length direction of the blade, with a density gradient increasing from the blade tip to the blade root, and adjacent blade units are detachably connected by a non-threaded connection structure, which enables manual disassembly and assembly. This structure includes: a. Radial limit unit: realizes circumferential constraint between blade units; b. Axial anti-slip unit: realizes axial locking between blade units; The density gradient increase is achieved through material density gradient distribution and / or hollow structure gradient distribution.

2. The wind blade made of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density gradient is: a. Tip unit: density 1.4-1.6g / cm 3 ; b. Leaf unit: density 1.6-1.8g / cm 3 ; c. Blade root unit: density 1.8-2.0g / cm 3 .

3. The wind blade composed of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The density gradient is achieved by a combination of materials: d. Blade tip unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.4-1.6g / cm 3 ; e. Leaf unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.6-1.8g / cm 3 ; f. Blade root unit: carbon fiber / resin composite material or basalt fiber / resin composite material, density 1.8-2.0g / cm 3 .

4. The wind blade composed of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density gradient is achieved by a blind hole groove structure: a. A blind hole is provided on the leeward side of the blade tip unit, and the depth of the blind hole accounts for 60% of the cross-section thickness; b. The depth of the blind hole in the leaf unit accounts for 40% of the cross-section thickness; c. The blade root unit has no blind holes.

5. The wind blade composed of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The density gradient is achieved by the difference in the number of blind hole grooves: the number of blind hole grooves in the blade root unit, the blade mid-unit and the blade tip unit increases in sequence.

6. The wind blade composed of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial limiting unit is an axial plug-in assembly, comprising: a. A stepped shaft provided in the first blade unit, wherein the outer diameter thereof is changed in the range of D1-D2-D1, and D2>D1; b. A matching shaft hole provided in the second blade unit; c. The axial anti-slip unit is a T-shaped fixing pin that passes through the stepped shaft and the blade unit. The T-shaped fixing pin passes through the stepped shaft and two adjacent blade units, and the end is locked by an open retaining ring.

7. The wind blade made of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial limiting unit is a dovetail slide rail assembly, comprising: a. The dovetail chute and limit block provided on the first blade unit; b. A matching slider provided on the second blade unit; c. The axial anti-detachment unit is a spring lock tongue, which is automatically extended by a spring; d. The slider is confined within the lock tongue slot under the action of the limit block and the lock tongue. e. The lock tongue push rod is exposed on the surface of the blade unit, and the exposed length is not less than 5mm.

8. The wind blade composed of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the blind hole is fitted with a micro-perforated sound-absorbing membrane with a pore diameter of 0.1-0.5 mm.

9. The wind blade composed of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The surface of the spring lock tongue and / or the spring is covered with an Al2O3-ZrO2 ceramic anti-rust coating with a thickness of 50-100 μm.

10. The wind blade made of basalt carbon fiber composite variable density material according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spring lock tongue includes an exposed lock tongue pushing rod, and pushing the lock tongue pushing rod can drive the lock tongue to move linearly.

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