Method for measuring position and vertical distance from specified point to be measured to projection point of construction surface of overhead high-voltage line

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring the position and the vertical distance from a specified point to be measured to a projection point of a construction surface of an overhead high-voltage line, which comprises the following steps of: 1) erecting a total station and a prism and establishing a measurement control axis EF, 2) establishing a height reference of the total station and completing the measurement of a related horizontal distance, 3) drawing a similar triangle analysis chart on a measurement vertical surface, and 4) calculating the vertical distance. And 4) calculating and determining the position from the specified to-be-measured point of the overhead high-voltage line to the projection point C0 of the construction surface and the height of the vertical distance CC0. The method is wide in application range and good in universality. And the surveying practical operability of the working surface under various complex construction environment conditions is improved, the surveying operation precision and the surveying operation safety are improved, and the surveying measure cost is reduced. Through the conversion of the principle of the measurement method, the cost input of measurement work base point measures is reduced, and meanwhile, the operation environment with high dangerousness is also avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of measurement technology, and more specifically, to a method for measuring and calculating the vertical distance from a designated point to be measured on an overhead high-voltage line to a corresponding projection point position on a construction working surface and from the point to the ground. Background Art

[0002] The main axes of construction sites in complex terrain, such as urban rail transit, large river-crossing bridges, mountain roads, and river-damming water conservancy projects, often cross under existing overhead high-voltage lines. Therefore, before construction begins on these projects, the most unfavorable construction safety positions and vertical distances from the construction surface affected by the overhead high-voltage lines should be accurately surveyed to provide reliable and accurate data for on-site construction safety.

[0003] The risk of electric shock exists around overhead high-voltage power lines, making direct measurement impossible with traditional measuring tools like survey rods, plumb bobs, and tape measures. Because the target objects are small and suspended high in the air, direct measurement conditions are limited. Using a total station alone, with or without a prism, also limits accurate and efficient measurement data.

[0004] At present, the main method of on-site measurement is a single suspended height measurement method, that is, a total station and a front sighting frame are set up at a distance from the most unfavorable position affecting construction safety on the lower side of the designated test point of the overhead high-voltage line. Then, the total station is used to measure the vertical elevation angle α of the designated test point of the overhead high-voltage line and the distance from the total station's working base point to the projection point of the designated test point of the overhead high-voltage line, that is, the working base point of the front sighting frame, according to the suspended height measurement requirements. In a right triangle with a vertex angle of α, after having the data of the elevation angle α and the length of a horizontal right-angled side, the length of the other vertical side can be calculated. The length of this vertical side is then determined as the vertical distance between the front sighting frame working base point and the designated test point of the high-voltage line. However, this measurement method fails to achieve accurate measurement of the vertical distance.

[0005] The reasons are as follows:

[0006] 1. Since the projection point position of the designated test point of the overhead high-voltage line is difficult to determine accurately, that is, the length error of one right-angled side of the right triangle with the vertex angle α is large, the calculated length of the other vertical side must have a large error.

[0007] 2. When the projection point of the designated test point of the overhead high-voltage line is located in a pond, river, low-lying area, etc., where the working base point of the front sighting frame cannot be established, the other known condition of the right triangle with the vertex angle α cannot be obtained, and the length of the other vertical side cannot be calculated. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the position and vertical distance from a designated point to be measured on an overhead high-voltage line to a projection point on a construction surface, thereby reducing measurement costs and improving measurement accuracy.

[0009] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] A method for measuring the position and vertical distance from a designated point to be measured on an overhead high-voltage line to a projection point on a construction surface, comprising the following steps:

[0011] 1) Set up the total station and prism and establish the measurement control axis EF

[0012] A working base point E is selected somewhere on the side of the designated test point C of the overhead high-voltage line in the construction area, and a total station is set up at the working base point E. After the center point of the eyepiece crosshairs of the total station coincides with the designated test point C of the overhead high-voltage line, the horizontal disk of the total station is locked as the control axis positioning direction; then, along the control axis positioning direction, a prism is set up at the working base point A at a distance from the working base point E, and another working base point F is measured somewhere on the other side of the designated test point C of the overhead high-voltage line using the prism, thereby measuring a measurement control axis EF on the ground, so that C, E, and F are located on the same vertical plane; another total station is set up at the working base point F, and another prism is set up at the working base point B within the measurement control axis EF, between the test point C and the working base point F; a total of four working base points, E, F, A, and B, are all on the measurement control axis EF, and the projection point G of the designated test point C of the overhead high-voltage line is also on the ground measurement control axis EF;

[0013] 2) Establish the height reference of the total station and complete the measurement of relevant horizontal distances

[0014] After measuring the height difference between the total station at the working base point E and the total station at the working base point F, adjust the heights of the two total stations respectively so that the absolute elevations of the total station at the working base point E and the total station at the working base point F are equal; then measure the horizontal distance EA between the total station at the working base point E and the prism at the working base point A respectively, and the EA is L A , the horizontal distance FB between the total station at the working base point F and the prism at the working base point B, where FB is L B After the eyepiece of the total station at the working base point E is aimed at the prism of the working base point A, the horizontal disk of the total station is locked; then the eyepiece of the total station at the working base point E is rotated in the vertical direction until the center point of the eyepiece crosshairs coincides with the designated point C to be measured on the overhead high-voltage line; the angle value of the vertical elevation angle α of the designated point to be measured C at this time is read out; the angle value of the vertical elevation angle β between the total station at the working base point F and the designated point C to be measured on the overhead high-voltage line is measured in the same way;

[0015] 3) Draw an analysis diagram of similar triangles on the measured vertical plane

[0016] Use CAD drawing software to draw a △EFC with the measurement control axis EF as the base, and two oblique lines with the vertical elevation angle α at point E and the vertical elevation angle β at point F intersecting at the test point C. △EFC includes the right angle △EAA1 at the E end and the right angle △FBB1 at the F end. △EFC is divided into right angles △EC0C and △FC0C by the perpendicular line CC0 from the specified test point C to the foot of the perpendicular C0; the extension line of the EC side of △EFC and the extension line of the BB1 ​​side of the right angle △FBB1 intersect at B2, B1B2 is h B2 Similarly, the extension line of the FC side of △EFC and the extension line of the AA1 side of the right angle △EAA1 intersect at A2, and A1A2 is h A2 ; In this way, similar triangles △A1A2C and △B1B2C are constructed above △EFC;

[0017] The height of △A1A2C is D1, the height of △B1B2C is D2; the length of AB is D, then D=D1+D2;

[0018] In the right angle △ EAA1, EA is L A , in the right angle △FBB1, BF is L B ;

[0019] 4) Calculate and determine the height of the overhead high-voltage line from the designated test point to the construction surface projection point G and the vertical distance CG

[0020] 4.1) First find: h of right angle △EAA1 A1 =tgα*L A , h of right angle △FBB1 B1 =tgβ*L B ; Then we can get: B2B of right angle △EBB2=tgα*(L A +D), right angle ΔFA2A of A2A=tgβ*(L B +D); because A2A=h A1 +h A2 , B2B=h B1 +h B2 , while A2A, B2B, h A1 and h B1 have been solved, so we can get h A2 and h B2 Length value:

[0021] 4.2) In similar triangles △A1A2C and △B1B2C, D2 = D - D1, and D1 / (D - D1) = h A2 / h A1 , thus obtaining:

[0022] D1=D*h A2 / (h A2 +h B2), when D1 is a known quantity, Lc=L A +D1 can determine the position of the overhead high-voltage line's designated test point to the construction surface projection point G;

[0023] 4.3) In the right angle △ECC0, the vertical distance CC0 from the measured point C to the foot of the perpendicular C0 of the measurement control axis EF is specified as tgα*(L A + D1), the total station at base point E has measured the distance C0G from the foot of perpendicular C0 to the construction ground, CG=CC0+C0G, thereby obtaining the accurate data of the distance CG from the projection point C to the construction ground.

[0024] Furthermore, the distance EA between two adjacent working base points E and A is equal to the distance FB between another two adjacent working base points F and B.

[0025] Furthermore, the horizontal distance EF between the total station at the working base point E and the total station at the working base point F is 195-205 m.

[0026] Furthermore, the horizontal distance AB between the prism at the working base point A and the prism at the working base point B is 95-105 m.

[0027] In addition to being used to survey the foot of perpendicular and vertical distance between the designated measurement point of the overhead high-voltage line and the projection of the construction surface, the present invention is also suitable for surveying the relative positions of various suspended dangerous obstacles and the corresponding working ground. It is not limited by difficult measurement conditions such as the size of the suspended object and the height of the suspension, and has a wide range of applications and good versatility. When the projection point that affects the safety of the working surface is located in a pond, river, low-lying area or other place where people cannot stand, the present invention can also calculate the precise foot of perpendicular position and length of the vertical line through the proportional formula and trigonometric function of similar triangles, thereby improving the practicability of surveying the working surface in response to various complex construction environment conditions. The present invention also improves the accuracy and safety of survey operations and reduces the cost of survey measures. By transforming the principle of the measurement method, the cost investment in the base point measures for the measurement work is reduced, and at the same time, a highly dangerous working environment is avoided.

[0028] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be reflected in part from the following description and will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 A stereogram of the present invention for measuring the position and vertical distance from a designated point to be measured on an overhead high-voltage line to a projection point on a construction surface;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an analytical diagram for measuring the position and vertical distance from a designated point to be measured on an overhead high-voltage line to a projection point on the construction surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and an embodiment of a construction project. In this embodiment, the designated point C to be measured is the lowest sagging point of the overhead high-voltage line.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0033] 1) Set up total station 1 and prism 2 and establish measurement control axis EF

[0034] A working base point E is selected within the construction area at a location 98 to 102 meters from the side of the high-voltage line to be measured point C. A total station 1 is set up at the working base point E. After the center point of the eyepiece crosshairs of the total station 1 coincides with the designated measuring point C of the overhead high-voltage line 10, the horizontal plate of the total station 1 is locked to control the axis positioning direction. Along the control axis positioning direction, using the prism 2 installed at the working base point A on one side of the working base point E, another working base point F is measured at a location 98 to 102 meters from the other side of the overhead high-voltage line to be measured point C, thereby measuring a measurement control axis EF on the ground and ensuring that the characteristic points C, E, and F are located on the same vertical plane. Another total station 1 is set up at the working base point F, and another prism 2 is set up at the working base point B within the measurement control axis EF, between the overhead high-voltage line to be measured point C and the working base point F. The four working base points E, F, A, and B are all on the measurement control axis EF, and the projection point G of the designated measurement point C of the overhead high-voltage line 10 is also on the ground measurement control axis EF.

[0035] 3) Establish the height reference of total station 1 and complete the measurement of relevant horizontal distances and angles

[0036] After measuring the height difference between the total station 1 at the working base point E and the total station 1 at the working base point F, adjust the heights of the two total stations 1 so that the absolute elevations of the total station 1 at the working base point E and the total station 1 at the working base point F are equal. Then measure the horizontal distance EA between the total station at the working base point E and the prism 2 at the working base point A. The EA is L A , the horizontal distance FB between the total station 1 at the working base point F and the prism 2 at the working base point B, where FB is L B After aiming the eyepiece of the total station at the working base point E at the prism 2 at the working base point A, lock the horizontal disc of the total station 1. Then rotate the eyepiece of the total station 1 at the working base point E in the vertical direction until the center point of the eyepiece crosshairs coincides with the designated point C to be measured on the overhead high-voltage line 10, and read the vertical elevation angle α of the designated point to be measured C at this time. Use the same method to measure the vertical elevation angle β between the total station 1 at the working base point F and the designated point to be measured C on the overhead high-voltage line.

[0037] 3) Draw an analysis diagram of similar triangles on the measured vertical plane

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, using CAD drawing software, draw a △EFC with the measurement control axis EF as the base, and two oblique lines with the vertical elevation angle α at point E and the vertical elevation angle β at point F intersecting at the test point C. △EFC includes the right angle △EAA1 at the E end and the right angle △FBB1 at the F end. △EFC is divided into right angles △EC0C and △FC0C by the perpendicular line CC0 from the specified test point C to the foot of the perpendicular C0; the extension line of the EC side of △EFC and the extension line of the BB1 ​​side of the right angle △FBB1 intersect at B2, B1B2 is h B2 Similarly, the extension line of the FC side of △EFC and the extension line of the AA1 side of the right angle △EAA1 intersect at A2, and A1A2 is h A2 In this way, similar triangles △A1A2C and △B1B2C are constructed above △EFC.

[0039] The height of △A1A2C is D1, and the height of △B1B2C is D2. The length of AB is D, then D=D1+D2. In the right angle △EAA1, EA is L A , in the right angle △FBB1, BF is L B .

[0040] 4) Calculate and determine the height of the overhead high-voltage line 10 from the designated test point C to the construction surface projection point C0 and the vertical distance CC0

[0041] 4.1) First find: h of right angle △EAA1 A1 =tgα*L A , h of right angle △FBB1 B1 =tgβ*L B ; Then we can get: B2B of right angle △EBB2=tgα*(L A +D), right angle ΔFA2A of A2A=tgβ*(L B +D). Because A2A=h A1 +h A2 , B2B=h B1 +h B2 , while A2A, B2B, h A1 and h B1 have been solved, so we can get h A2 and h B2 The length value of .

[0042] 4.2) In similar triangles △A1A2C and △B1B2C, D2 = D - D1, and D1 / (D - D1) = h A2 / h A1 , thus we can obtain: D1=D*h A2 / (h A2 +h B2 ), when D1 is a known quantity, Lc=L A+D1 can accurately determine the position of the designated test point of the overhead high-voltage line to the projection point G on the construction surface.

[0043] 4.3) In the right angle △ECC0, the vertical distance CC0 from the measured point C to the foot of the perpendicular C0 of the measurement control axis EF is specified as tgα*(L A + D1), the total station at base point E has measured the distance C0G from the foot of perpendicular C0 to the construction ground, CG=CC0+C0G, thereby obtaining the accurate data of the distance CG from the projection point C to the construction ground.

[0044] In the following embodiments, the distance EF between the total station 1 at the working base point E and the total station at the working base point F is 202.664 m, and the distance AB between the prism 2 at the working base point A and the prism 2 at the working base point B is 101.31 m.

[0045] The measured precise data of a certain engineering survey are as follows:

[0046]

[0047] Calculate the position of the projection point C0, namely Lc and the vertical distance CG:

[0048] h of right angle △EAA1 A1 =tgα*L A , h A1 =tg15°20′17.07″×50.632=13.888m;

[0049] h of right angle △FBB1 B1 =tgβ*L B , h B1 =tg15°5′40.66″×50.722=13.681m;

[0050] Right angle △EBB2 of B2B=tgα*(L A +D), B2B=tg15°20′17.07″×151.943=41.675m;

[0051] A2A=tgβ*(L B +D), A2A=tg15°5′40.66″×152.031=41.006m;

[0052] h A2 =A2A-h A1 =41.006-13.888=27.118m, h B2 =B2B-h B1 =41.675-13.681=27.994m;

[0053] In similar triangles △A1A2C and △B1B2C, D1=D*h A2 / (h A2 +h B2 ),

[0054] D1=101.310×27.118 / (27.118+27.994)=49.850m;

[0055] Lc=L A +D 1， Lc=50.632+49.850=100.482m, the position from the designated test point of the overhead high-voltage line to the projection point C0 on the construction surface can be accurately determined.

[0056] Then in the right angle △ECC0, CC0=tgα*(L A +D1),

[0057] CC0=tg15°20′17.07″×(50.632+49.850)=27.561m,

[0058] The total station 1 at base point E has measured the distance from the foot of the perpendicular C0 to the construction ground to be C0G = 1.322m.

[0059] CG=CC0+C0G=27.561+1.322=28.883m, thus obtaining the accurate data of the distance CG from the projection point C to the construction ground.

[0060] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementation methods. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement and equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the position and vertical distance from a designated point to be measured on an overhead high-voltage line to a projection point on a construction surface, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Set up the total station and prism and establish the measurement control axis EF A working base point E is selected somewhere on the side of the designated test point C of the overhead high-voltage line in the construction area, and a total station is set up at the working base point E. After the center point of the eyepiece crosshairs of the total station coincides with the designated test point C of the overhead high-voltage line, the horizontal disk of the total station is locked as the control axis positioning direction; then, along the control axis positioning direction, a prism is set up at the working base point A at a distance from the working base point E, and another working base point F is measured somewhere on the other side of the designated test point C of the overhead high-voltage line using the prism, thereby measuring a measurement control axis EF on the ground, so that C, E, and F are located on the same vertical plane; another total station is set up at the working base point F, and another prism is set up at the working base point B within the measurement control axis EF, between the test point C and the working base point F; a total of four working base points, E, F, A, and B, are all on the measurement control axis EF, and the projection point G of the designated test point C of the overhead high-voltage line is also on the ground measurement control axis EF; 2) Establish the height reference of the total station and complete the measurement of relevant horizontal distances After measuring the height difference between the total station at the working base point E and the total station at the working base point F, adjust the heights of the two total stations respectively so that the absolute elevations of the total station at the working base point E and the total station at the working base point F are equal; then measure the horizontal distance EA between the total station at the working base point E and the prism at the working base point A respectively, and the EA is L A , the horizontal distance FB between the total station at the working base point F and the prism at the working base point B, where FB is L B After the eyepiece of the total station at the working base point E is aimed at the prism of the working base point A, the horizontal disk of the total station is locked; then the eyepiece of the total station at the working base point E is rotated in the vertical direction until the center point of the eyepiece crosshairs coincides with the designated point C to be measured on the overhead high-voltage line; the angle value of the vertical elevation angle α of the designated point to be measured C at this time is read out; the angle value of the vertical elevation angle β between the total station at the working base point F and the designated point C to be measured on the overhead high-voltage line is measured in the same way; 3) Draw an analysis diagram of similar triangles on the measured vertical plane Use CAD drawing software to draw a △EFC with the measurement control axis EF as the base, and two oblique lines with the vertical elevation angle α at point E and the vertical elevation angle β at point F intersecting at the test point C. △EFC includes the right angle △EAA1 at the E end and the right angle △FBB1 at the F end. △EFC is divided into right angles △EC0C and △FC0C by the perpendicular line CC0 from the specified test point C to the foot of the perpendicular C0; the extension line of the EC side of △EFC and the extension line of the BB1 ​​side of the right angle △FBB1 intersect at B2, B1B2 is h B2 Similarly, the extension line of the FC side of △EFC and the extension line of the AA1 side of the right angle △EAA1 intersect at A2, and A1A2 is h A2 ; In this way, similar triangles △A1A2C and △EFC are constructed above △EFC. △B1B2C; The height of △A1A2C is D1, the height of △B1B2C is D2; the length of AB is D, then D=D1+D2; In the right angle △ EAA1, EA is L A , in the right angle △FBB1, BF is L B ; 4) Calculate and determine the height of the overhead high-voltage line from the designated test point to the construction surface projection point G and the vertical distance CG 4.1) First find: h of right angle △EAA1 A1 =tgα*L A , h of right angle △FBB1 B1 =tgβ*L B ; Then we can get: B2B of right angle △EBB2=tgα*(L A +D), right angle ΔFA2A of A2A=tgβ*(L B +D); because A2A=h A1 +h A2 , B2B=h B1 +h B2 , while A2A, B2B, h A1 and h B1 have been solved, so we can get h A2 and h B2 Length value: 4.2) In similar triangles △A1A2C and △B1B2C, D2 = D - D1, and D1 / (D - D1) = h A2 / h A1 , thus obtaining: D1=D*h A2 / (h A2 +h B2 ), when D1 is a known quantity, Lc=L A +D1 can determine the position of the overhead high-voltage line's designated test point to the construction surface projection point G; 4.3) In the right angle △ECC0, the vertical distance CC0 from the measured point C to the foot of the perpendicular C0 of the measurement control axis EF is specified as tgα*(L A +D1), the total station at base point E has measured the distance C0G from the foot of perpendicular C0 to the construction ground, CG=CC0+C0G, thereby obtaining the accurate data of the distance CG from the projection point C to the construction ground.

2. The method for measuring the position and vertical distance from a designated point to be measured to a projection point on a construction surface of an overhead high-voltage line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance EA between two adjacent working base points E and A is equal to the distance FB between the other two adjacent working base points F and B.

3. The method for measuring the position and vertical distance from a designated point to be measured to a projection point on a construction surface of an overhead high-voltage line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance EF between the total station at the working base point E and the total station at the working base point F is 195~205m.

4. The method for measuring the position and vertical distance from a designated point to be measured to a projection point on a construction surface of an overhead high-voltage line according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance AB between the prism at the working base point A and the prism at the working base point B is 95 to 105 m.

Images