Low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation and optimization method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building optics and photovoltaics, and discloses a low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting an FIPV sample; optical parameters of the FIPV sample are measured, and BSDF measured data are generated; constructing a virtual photometer model to generate BSDF simulation data, calibrating the simulation data and the measured data, and verifying the accuracy and applicability of the simulation data; acquiring an HDR brightness map of the FIPV under actual illumination; constructing an optical simulation scene based on the BSDF data to perform HDR brightness distribution simulation, and performing proofreading with an actually measured HDR brightness map to verify the accuracy of optical simulation; based on an optical simulation scene, constructing a dynamic path, and importing annual climate data to construct an annual dynamic glare simulation model; the problems that in the prior art, a dynamic observation path is difficult to reflect, annual glare changes cannot be carefully captured, and simulation data precision is insufficient are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of architectural optics and photovoltaic technology, and particularly relates to a low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation and optimization method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of architectural optics and photovoltaic technology, with the growing demand for environmental sustainability and increasingly stringent building standards, technological development is mainly focused on two key areas: improving energy efficiency and optimizing visual comfort. In terms of improving energy efficiency, modern photovoltaic technology has significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency and reduced energy loss by adopting high-performance materials, optimizing component structure design, and improving energy management efficiency. For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN 208970522 U discloses a solar photovoltaic module that effectively enhances the light capture capability by introducing a raised dielectric layer into the module structure, thereby significantly improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. In terms of visual comfort optimization, technological development focuses on reducing light pollution and glare problems caused by photovoltaic applications in urban and residential environments. For example, the Chinese patent with publication number CN 210073881 U discloses an anti-glare photovoltaic module that reduces the glare caused by sunlight reflection through special surface treatment technology, significantly improving the light environment quality around buildings.

[0003] Despite this, existing technologies still have significant deficiencies in the field of glare evaluation for facade integrated photovoltaic systems (FIPV). On the one hand, current glare evaluation methods are mostly based on static optical simulations at fixed observation points, failing to fully account for the changes in line of sight of dynamic observers such as pedestrians and drivers along different paths. On the other hand, existing methods primarily rely on simulation analysis within specific time periods. Because solar altitude, weather conditions, and ambient light vary over time, the impact of glare exhibits temporal fluctuations. Single or short-term simulations cannot reflect the glare intensity, duration, and cumulative effects throughout the entire year. While some methods employ temporal simulation, their long time steps prevent them from accurately capturing the peak characteristics of peak glare periods. Furthermore, most models lack long-term calibration with measured data, limiting the reliability of the simulation results. Consequently, existing technologies face challenges in dynamically reflecting changes in observation paths, accurately capturing glare fluctuations throughout the year, and generating insufficient simulation data accuracy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation and optimization method, which solves the problems in the existing technology that it is difficult to dynamically reflect changes in observation paths, cannot accurately capture glare fluctuations throughout the year, and has insufficient simulation data accuracy.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] Select FIPV samples;

[0008] Measure the optical parameters of FIPV samples and generate BSDF measured data;

[0009] Construct a virtual photometer model to generate BSDF simulation data, and calibrate the BSDF simulation data with the BSDF measured data to verify the accuracy of the BSDF simulation data;

[0010] Obtain HDR brightness distribution images of FIPV samples under actual lighting conditions;

[0011] Based on the measured BSDF data, an optical simulation scene is constructed to simulate the HDR brightness distribution. The simulation results are compared with the actual HDR brightness distribution image to verify the accuracy of the optical simulation scene.

[0012] Based on the optical simulation scenario, a dynamic path was constructed to quantitatively analyze the glare intensity and distribution characteristics experienced by different observers on the FIPV sample along the dynamic path.

[0013] Import annual climate data, combine it with optical simulation scenes and dynamic paths, and build a year-round dynamic glare simulation model to output the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation throughout the year, and identify high-risk periods and glare accumulation areas.

[0014] Measuring the optical parameters of the FIPV sample and generating BSDF measured data includes the following steps:

[0015] The reflectivity, transmittance and scattering characteristics of FIPV samples at different incident and exit angles were measured using a distribution photometer to generate BSDF measured data.

[0016] Construct a virtual photometer model to generate BSDF simulation data, calibrate the BSDF simulation data with the BSDF measured data, and verify the accuracy of the BSDF simulation data. The specific steps include:

[0017] Construct a virtual photometer model based on a parametric design platform and an architectural optical simulation engine;

[0018] Generate BSDF simulation data through virtual photometer model and ray tracing method;

[0019] The BSDF measured data were compared and calibrated with the BSDF simulated data to verify the accuracy of the virtual photometer model.

[0020] Construct an optical simulation scene to simulate HDR brightness distribution, compare the simulation results with the actual HDR brightness distribution image, and verify the accuracy of the optical simulation scene. The specific steps include the following:

[0021] Based on BSDF simulation data, optical simulation scenes are constructed on 3D building modeling platforms and environmental simulation plug-ins;

[0022] Use Perez sky model to reconstruct the real lighting environment;

[0023] Obtain the measured HDR brightness image using an imaging colorimeter;

[0024] Based on the constructed optical simulation scene, the architectural optical simulation engine is used to generate simulated HDR brightness images;

[0025] Compare the measured HDR brightness image with the simulated HDR brightness image to verify the accuracy of the optical simulation results.

[0026] Based on the optical simulation scenario, a dynamic path was constructed to quantitatively analyze the glare intensity and distribution characteristics experienced by different observers on the FIPV sample along the dynamic path. The specific steps include the following:

[0027] A pedestrian simulation path and a car simulation path are set in the parametric design platform and the architectural optical simulation engine, and the pedestrian simulation path and the car simulation path together constitute a dynamic path;

[0028] Python programming was used to develop a control module that combines path generation with dynamic perspective to adapt to the continuous changes in the perspectives of observers such as pedestrians and drivers;

[0029] A dynamic route glare assessment method based on path tracing is constructed based on the control module to quantify the glare intensity and distribution characteristics of the FIPV facade experienced by different dynamic observers on the actual path.

[0030] Import annual climate data, combine it with optical simulation scenes and dynamic paths, and build a year-round dynamic glare simulation model. Output the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation throughout the year, and identify high-risk periods and glare accumulation areas. The specific steps include:

[0031] Import local annual climate data hour by hour in one-hour increments;

[0032] A year-round dynamic glare simulation model was built based on the parametric design platform Grasshopper and the architectural optical simulation engine Radiance;

[0033] The output is the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation results at each moment throughout the year.

[0034] The architectural optical simulation engine includes Radiance, which has an integrated BSDF data generation module genBSDF tool;

[0035] 3D building modeling platforms include Rhinoceros software;

[0036] Environmental simulation plug-ins include Honeybee plug-ins;

[0037] Parametric design platforms include Grasshopper.

[0038] A FIPV sample optimization method based on dynamic evaluation is provided, which optimizes the FIPV sample based on the low-carbon-oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0039] Extract the spatial and temporal characteristics of glare distribution of FIPV samples in dynamic path and year-round dynamic glare simulation models;

[0040] According to the glare intensity distribution, FIPV sample layout, tilt angle adjustment and shielding optimization strategies are proposed;

[0041] Combined with photovoltaic power generation efficiency calculations, the glare impact and energy output are comprehensively balanced to form a low-carbon oriented FIPV facade optimization design solution.

[0042] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0043] The present invention constructs a systematic FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method by combining material measurement, glare dynamic path analysis, year-round time series simulation and HDR image proofreading analysis. This method can comprehensively quantify the glare intensity and distribution characteristics of the FIPV system, which not only improves the accuracy and applicability of glare evaluation, but also provides a scientific basis for the low-carbon design and optimization of the FIPV system, and solves the problem in the existing technology that it is unable to comprehensively evaluate the glare intensity and range of the FIPV system in the real environment; through dynamic path analysis and year-round time series simulation, the present invention can effectively identify high glare risk periods and areas, provide technical support for reducing light pollution and optimizing the quality of urban light environment, promote the application of FIPV technology in complex urban environments, and contribute to low-carbon buildings and sustainable urban development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0045] Figure 1This is a flow chart of the FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a FIPV structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a plan view of the dynamic path and surrounding environment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the dynamic path and surrounding environment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method specifically includes the following steps:

[0051] Select FIPV samples;

[0052] Measure the optical parameters of FIPV samples and generate BSDF measured data;

[0053] Build a virtual photometer model to generate BSDF simulation data, and calibrate the BSDF simulation data with the BSDF measured data to verify the accuracy of the BSDF simulation data and improve the accuracy and applicability of the BSDF data;

[0054] Obtain HDR brightness distribution images of FIPV samples under actual lighting conditions;

[0055] Based on the measured BSDF data, an optical simulation scene is constructed to simulate the HDR brightness distribution. The simulation results are compared with the actual HDR brightness distribution image to verify the accuracy of the optical simulation scene.

[0056] Based on the optical simulation scenario, a dynamic path was constructed to quantitatively analyze the glare intensity and distribution characteristics experienced by different observers on the FIPV sample along the dynamic path.

[0057] Import annual climate data, combine it with optical simulation scenes and dynamic paths, and build a year-round dynamic glare simulation model to output the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation throughout the year, and identify high-risk periods and glare accumulation areas.

[0058] The Bidirectional Scattering Distribution Function (BSDF) is a key optical parameter that describes the light scattering properties of a material surface. It is used to quantify the energy distribution relationship between the incident and exit angles of a light ray. The BSDF consists of two sub-functions: the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF), which describes the angular distribution of light reflection; and the Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function (BTDF), which describes the angular distribution of light transmission. In photovoltaic glare research, the BSDF is often used to characterize the reflection and transmission behavior of photovoltaic module surfaces, providing a key parameter for simulating and predicting glare intensity.

[0059] Measuring the optical parameters of the FIPV sample and generating BSDF measured data includes the following steps:

[0060] The reflectivity, transmittance and scattering characteristics of FIPV samples at different incident and exit angles were measured using a distribution photometer to generate BSDF measured data.

[0061] Construct a virtual photometer model to generate BSDF simulation data, calibrate the BSDF simulation data with the BSDF measured data, and verify the accuracy of the BSDF simulation data. The specific steps include:

[0062] Construct a virtual photometer model based on a parametric design platform and an architectural optical simulation engine;

[0063] Generate BSDF simulation data through virtual photometer model and ray tracing method;

[0064] The BSDF measured data were compared and calibrated with the BSDF simulated data to verify the accuracy of the virtual photometer model.

[0065] Construct an optical simulation scene to simulate HDR brightness distribution, compare the simulation results with the actual HDR brightness distribution image, and verify the accuracy of the optical simulation scene. The specific steps include the following:

[0066] like Figures 3 and 4 As shown, based on BSDF simulation data, an optical simulation scene is constructed on a 3D building modeling platform and an environmental simulation plug-in;

[0067] Use Perez sky model to reconstruct the real lighting environment;

[0068] Obtain the measured HDR brightness image using an imaging colorimeter;

[0069] Based on the constructed optical simulation scene, the architectural optical simulation engine is used to generate simulated HDR brightness images;

[0070] Compare the measured HDR brightness image with the simulated HDR brightness image to verify the accuracy of the optical simulation results.

[0071] Based on the optical simulation scenario, a dynamic path is constructed to quantitatively analyze the glare intensity and distribution characteristics experienced by different observers (such as pedestrians and drivers) along the dynamic path. The specific steps include the following:

[0072] A pedestrian simulation path and a car simulation path are set in the parametric design platform and the architectural optical simulation engine, and the pedestrian simulation path and the car simulation path together constitute a dynamic path;

[0073] Python programming was used to develop a control module that combines path generation with dynamic perspective to adapt to the continuous changes in the perspectives of observers such as pedestrians and drivers;

[0074] A dynamic route glare assessment method based on path tracing is constructed based on the control module to quantify the glare intensity and distribution characteristics of the FIPV facade experienced by different dynamic observers on the actual path.

[0075] Import annual climate data, combine it with optical simulation scenes and dynamic paths, and build a year-round dynamic glare simulation model. Output the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation throughout the year, and identify high-risk periods and glare accumulation areas. The specific steps include:

[0076] Import local annual climate data hour by hour in one-hour increments;

[0077] A year-round dynamic glare simulation model was built based on the parametric design platform Grasshopper and the architectural optical simulation engine Radiance;

[0078] The output is the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation results at each moment throughout the year.

[0079] The architectural optical simulation engine includes Radiance, which has an integrated BSDF data generation module genBSDF tool;

[0080] The 3D architectural modeling platform includes Rhinoceros software, which is used to construct the geometric model of the FIPV sample;

[0081] Environmental simulation plug-ins include the Honeybee plug-in, which runs on the Grasshopper platform and is used for building thermal and light environment analysis. The Honeybee plug-in is used to connect the Rhinoceros platform and the Radiance platform, and is responsible for calling the Radiance platform.

[0082] The parametric design platform includes Grasshopper, which is a plug-in for the Rhinoceros platform for implementing parametric modeling and graphical logic control.

[0083] FIPV samples include different types such as smooth glass, frosted glass ETFE film, PET film, analysis surface encapsulation layer, adhesive film, battery cells, etc.

[0084] like Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a FIPV structure, which includes photovoltaic glass, film, solar cells, backplane and grid lines. The impact of each layer of material on the optical parameters needs to be considered during analysis and evaluation.

[0085] The present invention constructs a systematic FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method by combining material measurement, glare dynamic path analysis, year-round time series simulation and HDR image proofreading analysis. This method can comprehensively quantify the glare intensity and distribution characteristics of the FIPV system, which not only improves the accuracy and applicability of glare evaluation, but also provides a scientific basis for the low-carbon design and optimization of the FIPV system. Through dynamic path analysis and year-round time series simulation, the present invention can effectively identify high glare risk periods and areas, provide technical support for reducing light pollution and optimizing urban light environment quality, promote the application of FIPV technology in complex urban environments, and contribute to low-carbon building and sustainable urban development.

[0086] A FIPV sample optimization method based on dynamic evaluation is provided, which optimizes the FIPV sample based on the low-carbon-oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0087] Extract the spatial and temporal characteristics of glare distribution of FIPV samples in dynamic path and year-round dynamic glare simulation models;

[0088] According to the glare intensity distribution, FIPV sample layout, tilt angle adjustment and shielding optimization strategies are proposed;

[0089] Combined with photovoltaic power generation efficiency calculations, the glare impact and energy output are comprehensively balanced to form a low-carbon oriented FIPV facade optimization design solution.

[0090] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "example," or "specific example" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0091] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method, characterized by: The specific steps include: Select FIPV samples; Measure the optical parameters of FIPV samples and generate BSDF measured data; Construct a virtual photometer model to generate BSDF simulation data, and calibrate the BSDF simulation data with the BSDF measured data to verify the accuracy of the BSDF simulation data; Obtain HDR brightness distribution images of FIPV samples under actual lighting conditions; Based on the measured BSDF data, an optical simulation scene is constructed to simulate the HDR brightness distribution. The simulation results are compared with the actual HDR brightness distribution image to verify the accuracy of the optical simulation scene. Based on the optical simulation scenario, a dynamic path was constructed to quantitatively analyze the glare intensity and distribution characteristics experienced by different observers on the FIPV sample along the dynamic path. Import annual climate data, combine it with optical simulation scenes and dynamic paths, and build a year-round dynamic glare simulation model to output the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation throughout the year, and identify high-risk periods and glare accumulation areas.

2. The low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Measuring the optical parameters of the FIPV sample and generating BSDF measured data includes the following steps: The reflectivity, transmittance and scattering characteristics of FIPV samples at different incident and exit angles were measured using a distribution photometer to generate BSDF measured data.

3. The low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Construct a virtual photometer model to generate BSDF simulation data, calibrate the BSDF simulation data with the BSDF measured data, and verify the accuracy of the BSDF simulation data. The specific steps include: Construct a virtual photometer model based on a parametric design platform and an architectural optical simulation engine; Generate BSDF simulation data through virtual photometer model and ray tracing method; The BSDF measured data were compared and calibrated with the BSDF simulated data to verify the accuracy of the virtual photometer model.

4. The low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Construct an optical simulation scene to simulate HDR brightness distribution, compare the simulation results with the actual HDR brightness distribution image, and verify the accuracy of the optical simulation scene. The specific steps include the following: Based on BSDF simulation data, optical simulation scenes are constructed on 3D building modeling platforms and environmental simulation plug-ins; Use Perez sky model to reconstruct the real lighting environment; Obtain the measured HDR brightness image using an imaging colorimeter; Based on the constructed optical simulation scene, the architectural optical simulation engine is used to generate simulated HDR brightness images; Compare the measured HDR brightness image with the simulated HDR brightness image to verify the accuracy of the optical simulation results.

5. The low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Based on the optical simulation scenario, a dynamic path was constructed to quantitatively analyze the glare intensity and distribution characteristics experienced by different observers on the FIPV sample along the dynamic path. The specific steps include the following: A pedestrian simulation path and a car simulation path are set in the parametric design platform and the architectural optical simulation engine, and the pedestrian simulation path and the car simulation path together constitute a dynamic path; Python programming was used to develop a control module that combines path generation with dynamic perspective to adapt to the continuous changes in the perspectives of observers such as pedestrians and drivers; A dynamic route glare assessment method based on path tracing is constructed based on the control module to quantify the glare intensity and distribution characteristics of the FIPV facade experienced by different dynamic observers on the actual path.

6. The low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method according to claim 5 is characterized in that: Import annual climate data, combine it with optical simulation scenes and dynamic paths, and build a year-round dynamic glare simulation model. Output the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation throughout the year, and identify high-risk periods and glare accumulation areas. The specific steps include: Import local annual climate data hour by hour in one-hour increments; A year-round dynamic glare simulation model was built based on the parametric design platform Grasshopper and the architectural optical simulation engine Radiance; The output is the scene brightness distribution and glare level evaluation results at each moment throughout the year.

7. The low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The architectural optical simulation engine includes Radiance, which has an integrated BSDF data generation module genBSDF tool; 3D building modeling platforms include Rhinoceros software; Environmental simulation plug-ins include Honeybee plug-ins; Parametric design platforms include Grasshopper.

8. A FIPV sample optimization method based on dynamic evaluation, which optimizes FIPV samples based on the low-carbon oriented FIPV facade glare dynamic evaluation method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Extract the spatial and temporal characteristics of glare distribution of FIPV samples in dynamic path and year-round dynamic glare simulation models; According to the glare intensity distribution, FIPV sample layout, tilt angle adjustment and shielding optimization strategies are proposed; Combined with photovoltaic power generation efficiency calculations, the glare impact and energy output are comprehensively balanced to form a low-carbon oriented FIPV facade optimization design solution.

Images