Low-temperature reaction type aerosol fire extinguishing composition and preparation method thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510875212.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-23
AI Technical Summary
When existing aerosol fire extinguishing devices do not adopt cooling measures, the nozzle temperature is too high, causing the device to be bloated and the active particles to be inactivated, thereby reducing the fire extinguishing ability.
A low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition is used, including potassium nitrate, charcoal powder, combustible agent, cooling agent and adhesive. By optimizing the component ratio and particle size, the fire extinguishing agent is prepared and attached to the heat-sensitive wire and installed in a high-temperature resistant box to achieve a nozzle temperature not exceeding 200°C.
Without increasing the size and cost of the device, the nozzle temperature is significantly reduced, the fire extinguishing ability is improved, and the fire extinguishing time is shortened.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of novel fire extinguishing, and in particular relates to a low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition and a preparation method thereof. Background Art
[0002] Aerosol fire extinguishing agents are formulated based on solid propellants and pyrotechnic compositions, primarily consisting of an oxidizer, a combustion agent, a binder, and a performance modifier. They can produce nano- to submicron-sized solid particles through combustion. The intelligent fire extinguishing function box, developed based on aerosol fire extinguishing, is a fire extinguishing product specifically designed for fire protection in relatively confined, small spaces. The product consists of a fire extinguishing agent, a high-temperature resistant box, and a thermal wire. The thermal wire has an ignition point of approximately 170°C. When a fire occurs in a small space, it quickly ignites, igniting the fire extinguishing agent within the box, triggering a spray discharge for total fire suppression. The shortcomings of the current fire extinguishing agent formula are mainly manifested in: the redox reaction releases a large amount of heat, which makes the nozzle temperature of the aerosol fire extinguishing device structure high. Without cooling treatment, the nozzle temperature exceeds 200°C, and some can even reach above 400°C. If external cooling is used for cooling, that is, adding a cooling device to the fire extinguishing device for cooling it, the fire extinguishing device will be relatively bloated and costly, and a large number of active particles will be inactivated or deposited in the cooling device, reducing the fire extinguishing ability. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The present invention provides a low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition and a preparation method thereof. The low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition is suitable for an intelligent fire extinguishing function box. Without adopting cooling measures, the temperature at a distance of 5 mm from the nozzle does not exceed 200°C, and the fire extinguishing time can be significantly shortened.
[0004] To achieve the above application objectives, the technical solutions adopted in this application are as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition, which comprises, by mass, 50 to 60 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 to 6 parts of charcoal powder, 8 to 15 parts of a combustible agent, 10 to 14 parts of a cooling agent, 8 to 12 parts of an adhesive, and 3 to 6 parts of a performance regulator; the cooling agent is selected from at least one of potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
[0005] Furthermore, the charcoal powder is selected from at least one of pine charcoal and hemp stalk charcoal.
[0006] Furthermore, the combustible agent is selected from at least one of sucrose and starch.
[0007] Furthermore, the adhesive is selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral, nitrocellulose or phenolic resin.
[0008] Furthermore, the performance regulator is selected from at least one of melamine polyphosphate and sodium hydrogen tartrate.
[0009] Furthermore, the particle sizes of the potassium nitrate, charcoal powder, combustible agent, cooling agent and performance regulator are all less than 0.18 mm.
[0010] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition, comprising the following steps: 50-60 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-6 parts of charcoal powder, 8-15 parts of combustible agent, 10-14 parts of cooling agent, 8-12 parts of adhesive and 3-6 parts of performance regulator are mixed evenly with an organic solvent, pressed into fire extinguishing tablets, dried and then vacuum coated and packaged.
[0011] Wherein, the organic solvent is selected from alcohol or acetone. Preferably, when the binder is polyvinyl butyral or phenolic resin, alcohol is selected, and when the binder is nitrocellulose, acetone is selected.
[0012] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an intelligent fire extinguishing function box, which contains the above-mentioned low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition.
[0013] Beneficial effects: The present invention prepares a low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition, which includes 50-60 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-6 parts of charcoal powder, 8-15 parts of combustible agent, 10-14 parts of cooling agent, 8-12 parts of adhesive, and 3-6 parts of performance regulator. The present invention uses potassium carbonate and / or potassium bicarbonate as cooling agents, and by optimizing the content of each component, the resulting fire extinguishing agent has a low combustion temperature. By preparing the fire extinguishing agent, closely attaching it to a heat-sensitive wire and installing it in a high-temperature resistant box, a smart fire extinguishing function box product with a low nozzle temperature can be obtained. Without adopting cooling measures, this product can achieve an effect of not exceeding 200°C at a distance of 5 mm from the nozzle, and can significantly shorten the fire extinguishing time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clear, the application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meanings as understood by ordinary technicians in this field.
[0015] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition is provided, which comprises, by mass, 50 to 60 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 to 6 parts of charcoal powder, 8 to 15 parts of a combustible agent, 10 to 14 parts of a cooling agent, 8 to 12 parts of a binder, and 3 to 6 parts of a performance regulator; the cooling agent is selected from at least one of potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate.
[0016] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, 10 to 14 parts of potassium carbonate and / or potassium bicarbonate are used as cooling agents, and without taking any cooling measures, the temperature at a distance of 5 mm from the nozzle can be kept below 200°C.
[0017] In the present invention, potassium nitrate is used as an oxidant to provide fire-extinguishing K ions, which undergo a combustion reaction under the action of a combustible agent. When the agent burns, aerosol K2O solid particles are generated to extinguish the fire.
[0018] In this invention, charcoal powder acts as a fixed cooling agent. Combustion produces aerosolized K2O solid particles, which react with carbon at high temperatures and absorb significant amounts of heat. Potassium carbonate and / or potassium bicarbonate are also used as cooling agents to provide potassium ions, further enhancing both fire extinguishing and cooling capabilities.
[0019] Compared with the prior art (patent CN 111803822 A), the present invention makes the following innovative improvements: 1. The fixed oxidant is potassium nitrate, and the optimized amount is 50-60 parts of potassium nitrate; 2. Use starch and / or sucrose as combustibles to react with oxidants to produce combustion; 3. Charcoal powder is used as a fixed cooling agent, and is combined with potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate to further provide K ions to enhance fire extinguishing and cooling capabilities; 4. The ratio of adhesive to performance modifier varies greatly, with the fire extinguishing composition containing 8 to 12 parts adhesive and 3 to 6 parts performance modifier. 5. Organic solvents such as alcohol (polyvinyl butyral and phenolic resin) or acetone (nitrocellulose) are more targeted according to different adhesives.
[0020] 6. Optimize the particle size of potassium nitrate, charcoal powder, combustible agent, cooling agent and performance adjustment agent to less than 0.18 mm to further improve fire extinguishing and cooling capabilities; With the above optimization and improvement, the fire extinguishing composition is prepared into a fire extinguishing agent and a heat-sensitive wire are closely attached and installed in a high-temperature resistant box to obtain an intelligent fire extinguishing function box product, which has a fire extinguishing ability significantly stronger than the existing technology.
[0021] Specific examples will be listed below to explain the scheme of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or according to the product specifications. Where the manufacturer of the reagents or instruments is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.
[0022] Example 1: Low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition Weigh the following ingredients (by mass) for the aerosol fire extinguishing composition: 60 parts potassium nitrate, 5 parts charcoal powder, 11 parts sucrose, 10 parts potassium bicarbonate, 10 parts polyvinyl butyral, and 4 parts melamine polyphosphate. Pass all ingredients through an 80-mesh sieve (0.18 mm pore size), and use the remaining material.
[0023] The preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent is as follows: the above-mentioned solid materials are put into a kneader according to the weighing ratio, 20 parts of alcohol are added for kneading, and after mixing evenly, a screw press is used to press them into flat medicine strips. The single size of the screw press is 90×8 mm, and the cut length is 90 mm. After the fire extinguishing tablets are dried at 60±5℃, two tablets are overlapped and vacuum-coated to obtain the fire extinguishing agent. The total weight of the agent is 130 g.
[0024] The fire extinguishing agent and the heat-sensitive wire are tightly attached and installed in a high-temperature resistant box to obtain an intelligent fire extinguishing function box product suitable for fire protection in small spaces not exceeding 1000 L.
[0025] Comparative Example 1: The difference from Example 1 is that potassium bicarbonate, a cooling agent, is not added, and other operations are the same.
[0026] Comparative Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that the cooling agent potassium bicarbonate is 15 parts, and the other operations are the same.
[0027] Comparative Example 3: The difference from Example 1 is that 45 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of charcoal powder, 20 parts of sucrose, 10 parts of potassium bicarbonate, 4 parts of polyvinyl butyral, and 8 parts of melamine polyphosphate are used, and other operations are the same.
[0028] The obtained fire extinguishing agent was tested for fire extinguishing performance and nozzle temperature. The specific test method is as follows: The test chamber measures 2000 × 833 × 600 mm and has a volume of 1000 L. Five ventilation holes, each measuring 100 × 1.5 mm, are opened on the left and right sides of the middle of the chamber. The fuel is n-heptane. There are two fuel cups with an outer diameter of 80 mm, a height of 75 mm, and a wall thickness of 3 mm. They are made of steel. The fuel cups are padded with clean water and 50 mL of n-heptane is added as fuel.
[0029] The sample was fixed inside the chamber, with two fuel cups placed at the bottom and top of the chamber, respectively. The top fuel cup was 200 mm from the top of the chamber, and the bottom edge of the sample was 100 mm from the bottom of the chamber. A thermal wire was placed above the bottom fuel cup. The n-heptane in the top and bottom fuel cups was then ignited sequentially. The chamber door was closed, and the fire extinguishing process was observed through the chamber window. The extinguishing time was recorded. A thermocouple was also used to measure the temperature of the nozzle 5 mm from the nozzle of the intelligent fire extinguishing function box. Three tests were conducted, and the results are shown in Table 1.
[0030] Table 1 Fire extinguishing time and nozzle temperature of different fire extinguishing compositions The amount of potassium bicarbonate in Comparative Example 2 is 15 parts, which exceeds the index requirement of 10 to 14 of the present invention. The fire extinguishing ability of this formula is weak and cannot be guaranteed.
[0031] In Comparative Example 3, the potassium nitrate is 45 parts, the combustible agent is 20 parts, the binder is 4 parts, and the performance regulator is 8 parts, all of which exceed the component contents specified in the present invention, resulting in weak fire extinguishing ability and inability to guarantee fire extinguishing ability.
[0032] Example 2: Low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition Weigh the following ingredients (by mass) for the aerosol fire extinguishing composition: 55 parts potassium nitrate, 5 parts charcoal powder, 12 parts starch, 12 parts potassium carbonate, 10 parts nitrocellulose, and 6 parts sodium hydrogen tartrate. Pass all ingredients through an 80-mesh sieve (0.18 mm pore size), and use the remaining material.
[0033] The preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent is as follows: the above-mentioned solid material is put into a kneader, 20 parts of acetone are added for kneading, and after mixing evenly, a screw press is used to press it into flat medicine strips. The size of the screw press unit is 45×3 mm, and the cut length is 65 mm. After the fire extinguishing tablets are dried at 60±5℃, two tablets are overlapped and vacuum-coated to obtain the fire extinguishing agent. The total weight of the agent is 20 g.
[0034] The fire extinguishing agent and the heat-sensitive wire are tightly attached and installed in a high-temperature resistant box to obtain an intelligent fire extinguishing function box product suitable for fire protection in small spaces not exceeding 150 L.
[0035] Comparative Example 4: The difference from Example 2 is that potassium carbonate, a cooling agent, is not added, and other operations are the same.
[0036] Comparative Example 5: The difference from Example 2 is that potassium nitrate is passed through only a 60-mesh sieve (pore size 0.25 mm), and the material under the sieve is used, while the other materials are sieved using an 80-mesh sieve (pore size 0.18 mm). The other operations are the same.
[0037] The obtained fire extinguishing agent was tested for fire extinguishing performance and nozzle temperature. The specific test method is as follows: The test chamber measures 1000 × 600 × 250 mm and has a volume of 150 L. Five ventilation holes, each measuring 100 × 1.5 mm, are opened on the left and right sides of the middle of the chamber. The fuel is n-heptane. There are two fuel cups with an outer diameter of 80 mm, a height of 75 mm, and a wall thickness of 3 mm. They are made of steel. The fuel cups are padded with clean water and 50 mL of n-heptane is added as fuel.
[0038] The sample was fixed inside the chamber, with two fuel cups placed at the bottom and top of the chamber, respectively. The top fuel cup was 200 mm above the chamber top, and the bottom edge of the sample was 100 mm from the chamber bottom. The thermosensitive wire was placed above the bottom fuel cup. The n-heptane in the top and bottom fuel cups was then ignited sequentially. The chamber door was closed, and the fire extinguishing process was observed through the chamber window. The extinguishing time was recorded. A thermocouple thermometer was used to measure the temperature 5 mm from the nozzle of the intelligent fire extinguishing function box. Three tests were conducted, and the results are shown in Table 2.
[0039] Table 2 Fire extinguishing time and nozzle temperature of different fire extinguishing compositions The nozzle temperature of Comparative Example 4 exceeded 200° C., mainly because potassium carbonate or potassium bicarbonate cooling agent was not added.
[0040] The fire extinguishing ability of Comparative Example 5 is relatively weak, mainly because the particle size of the potassium nitrate material is relatively coarse and the aerosol concentration formed during the reaction is relatively low.
Claims
1. A low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition, characterized in that: The invention comprises, by mass, 50 to 60 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 to 6 parts of charcoal powder, 8 to 15 parts of combustible agent, 10 to 14 parts of cooling agent, 8 to 12 parts of adhesive, and 3 to 6 parts of performance regulator; the cooling agent is selected from at least one of potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate.
2. The low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charcoal powder is selected from at least one of pine charcoal and hemp charcoal.
3. The low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustible agent is selected from at least one of sucrose and starch.
4. The low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adhesive is selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral, nitrocellulose or phenolic resin.
5. The low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The performance regulator is selected from at least one of melamine polyphosphate and sodium hydrogen tartrate.
6. The low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle sizes of the potassium nitrate, charcoal powder, combustible agent, cooling agent and performance regulator are all less than 0.18 mm.
7. The method for preparing the low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 50-60 parts of potassium nitrate, 3-6 parts of charcoal powder, 8-15 parts of combustible agent, 10-14 parts of cooling agent, 8-12 parts of adhesive and 3-6 parts of performance regulator are mixed evenly with an organic solvent, pressed into fire extinguishing tablets, dried and then vacuum coated and packaged.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The organic solvent is selected from alcohol or acetone.
9. An intelligent fire extinguishing function box, characterized by: Contains the low-temperature reactive aerosol fire extinguishing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6.