An enveloping torus worm milling machine

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of worm processing, especially to a kind of envelope torus worm rotary milling machine, including bed, the left side of bed is slidably connected with first column, first column is slidably connected with first slide on, first slide is rotatably connected with support seat on, support seat is slidably connected with second slide on, the front end of second slide is fixed with top tight mechanism, its rear end is fixed with clamping-rotating mechanism, the middle position is equipped with support block, support block is equipped with arc slot, and support block is equipped with oil outlet mechanism, the right side of bed is fixed with second column, second column is equipped with vertical adjustment mechanism, the lower portion of vertical adjustment mechanism is equipped with cutter head installation platform, greatly improve the precision of worm processing, cooling effect and metal scrap cleaning effect, while also greatly save cutting oil.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of worm machining, in particular to an enveloping torus worm milling machine. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the production and processing of a worm, the cylindrical workpiece needs to be roughened first, that is, the surface of the cylindrical workpiece is cut by a milling machine until a spiral groove is cut out. The patent with the application number CN201920847240.3 discloses a numerical control nine-axis secondary enveloping worm multifunctional cyclone milling machine tool. In this patent, the workpiece is fixed by clamping one end of the workpiece with a chuck and clamping the other end of the workpiece with a center. Although this method can fix the workpiece, the cutting amount is large and the metal removal rate is greater than 50% during the processing of the worm, and the cutting depth and intensity are also very large. Therefore, under the condition of such high-intensity cutting, the worm may vibrate slightly or even deform, which greatly affects the precision of the worm processing. In addition, the existing technology, including the above-mentioned patent, often sprays cutting oil to the position where the cutting tool cuts the workpiece by setting two or three oil pipes above the worm to lubricate and cool. This direct cutting oil spraying method has the following disadvantages: 1) A large amount of cutting oil sprayed from the oil pipe to the cutting tool cutting position directly falls on the machine tool, which is very low in utilization efficiency of the cutting oil, resulting in a large amount of waste of cutting oil and high cost; 2) The metal chips adhering in the thread groove are difficult to clean, which affects the cutting effect; 3) A large amount of cutting oil sprayed exists a large oil mist pollution, so there is an urgent need for a milling machine that can improve the precision of worm machining, save cutting oil, improve cooling effect and improve metal chip cleaning effect. SUMMARY

[0003] (I) Technical problems solved

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application aims to provide an enveloping torus worm milling machine, which solves the problems existing in the prior art, greatly improves the precision, cooling effect and metal chip cleaning effect of worm machining, and greatly saves cutting oil.

[0005] (II) Technical solutions

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine, comprising a bed, a first column slidably connected to the left side of the bed, a first slide block slidably connected to the first column, a support seat rotatably connected to the first slide block, a second slide block slidably connected to the support seat, a clamping mechanism fixed at the front end of the second slide block, a clamping-rotating mechanism fixed at its rear end, a support block provided at its middle position, an arc-shaped groove provided on the support block, and an oil outlet mechanism provided on the support block, a second column fixed to the right side of the bed, a vertical adjustment mechanism provided on the second column, and a cutter head mounting table provided below the vertical adjustment mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the oil outlet mechanism includes an arc-shaped passage disposed within the support block. Several arc-shaped passages are arranged from front to back within the support block, and adjacent arc-shaped passages are connected. One of the arc-shaped passages is connected to a main liquid inlet passage, which is located inside the support block and is connected to an inlet pipe. Several liquid outlet passages are connected from top to bottom on the side of the arc-shaped passage facing the arc-shaped groove. The liquid outlet passages are located inside the support block and are connected to the arc-shaped groove.

[0008] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes a bracket fixed on the second slide, a first hydraulic cylinder fixed on the bracket, a center fixed to the piston rod end of the first hydraulic cylinder, and a clamping-rotating mechanism including a clamp seat fixed on the second slide, a B-axis motor inside the clamp seat, the B-axis motor being a direct drive motor, a main shaft fixed through its center, a clamping structure inside the main shaft, the clamping structure including a chuck, the left end of a pull rod fixed to the chuck, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder fixed to the right end of the pull rod.

[0009] Preferably, a first receiving groove is provided at the middle position of the right side of the first column, a Z-axis motor is fixed on the outer top surface of the first receiving groove, a first lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Z-axis motor, the lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the inner bottom surface of the first receiving groove, a first nut seat matching the first lead screw is provided on the first lead screw, a first slide is fixed on the first nut seat, sliders are fixed at the front and rear parts of the left side of the first slide, and a slide rail matching the slider is fixed on the first column.

[0010] Preferably, an A-axis motor is fixed to the upper left side of the first slide, a first bevel gear is fixed to the bottom of the rotating shaft of the A-axis motor, a second bevel gear is perpendicularly meshed with the first bevel gear, a connecting shaft is fixed through the second bevel gear, the connecting shaft passes through the first slide, and a turntable is fixed to the right end of the connecting shaft. A support seat is fixed on the turntable, a second receiving groove is opened on the right side of the support seat, a Y-axis motor is fixed to the rear outer wall of the second receiving groove, a second lead screw is fixed to the rotating shaft of the Y-axis motor, the front end of the second lead screw is rotatably connected to the front inner wall of the second receiving groove, a second nut seat that matches it is provided on the second lead screw, and the second slide is fixed on the second nut seat.

[0011] Preferably, the vertical adjustment mechanism includes a support plate fixed on the second column, a third hydraulic cylinder fixed on the support plate, a third slide block fixed to the piston rod end of the third hydraulic cylinder, the third slide block being slidably connected to the second column, a tail seat fixed on the third slide block, and a clamping block being rotatably connected to the bottom end of the tail seat.

[0012] Preferably, the tool turret mounting table includes a base fixed to the bed, a turntable rotatably connected to the base, a tool turret mounting seat fixed on the turntable, a tool turret detachably connected to the tool turret mounting seat, a cavity opened on the base, a C-axis motor installed in the cavity, and the rotation shaft of the C-axis motor fixed to the bottom surface of the turntable.

[0013] Preferably, the arc-shaped groove is set as a semi-circle, the three liquid outlet channels at the top of each arc-shaped channel are set to slope downward to the right, and the remaining liquid outlet channels are set to slope horizontally to the right.

[0014] Preferably, the top of one of the arc-shaped passages is connected to a transverse passage that communicates with the outside world. A connecting pipe is fixed inside the transverse passage. A one-way valve is provided on the connecting pipe. A metal hose is fixed to the right end of the connecting pipe. An oil outlet is provided at the lower end of the metal hose.

[0015] Preferably, the support block is connected to the second slide block through a U-shaped block with an opening to the right. A rectangular cavity is formed between the U-shaped block and the left side of the support block. Several springs are fixed on the top and bottom walls of the rectangular cavity from front to back. An impact ball is fixed on the free end of the spring. A rotating plate is provided on the side of the impact ball away from the support block. A rotating rod is fixed on the rotating plate. The front and rear ends of the rotating rod are rotatably connected to the front and rear walls of the rectangular cavity, respectively. A cylindrical block is fixed on the side of the rotating plate away from the impact ball.

[0016] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0017] 1. This invention, through the arrangement of a support block and an arc-shaped groove, effectively limits and supports the workpiece on its right side during the cutting process when the cutting blade is pressed against the left side of the workpiece. This prevents workpiece movement and deformation, ensuring stability even with large cutting volumes, deep cuts, and high cutting forces, ultimately significantly improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear. Furthermore, the support block and arc-shaped groove shield the workpiece portion within the groove during machining, preventing metal debris from splashing onto it. This significantly reduces the amount of metal debris adhering to the workpiece when it rotates out of the groove for further cutting, thus improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear to some extent. Finally, before the workpiece rotates clockwise into the arc-shaped groove, the bottom edge of the groove scrapes away any metal debris adhering to the workpiece surface, effectively cleaning the metal debris and further enhancing the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0018] 2. This invention incorporates an oil outlet mechanism on the support block. After the workpiece is installed and fixed in preparation for cutting, the pump is activated to extract cutting oil. At this point, the outlet path is blocked by the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove. In this state, on the one hand, the cutting oil in the outlet path exerts a rightward pressure on the workpiece. This pressure further supports the workpiece, offsetting some of the cutting force from the cutting blade and ensuring the stability of the workpiece during cutting. On the other hand, although the outlet path is blocked by the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove, a small portion of the cutting oil... Even after cutting, some cutting oil will still seep out. This portion of the cutting oil lubricates and cools the workpiece, while also greatly facilitating its rotation. As the cutting blade cuts the workpiece, the required spiral grooves are created. With the appearance of these spiral grooves, the corresponding fluid outlet channels are unobstructed, allowing the cutting oil to spray out. This serves two purposes: lubricating and cooling the spiral grooves, and washing away any metal debris adhering to them. As the spiral grooves become deeper and wider, the amount of cutting oil output increases accordingly, while the workpiece that doesn't need to be cut... The portion cut into a spiral groove will still block the corresponding fluid outlet passage. The blocked portion of the outlet passage will not spray cutting oil, allowing the cutting oil to be sprayed only as needed, significantly saving cutting oil. Furthermore, the distance between the outlet passage and the spiral groove is very close, allowing the cutting oil to be sprayed directly onto the spiral groove, resulting in excellent cooling and lubrication, and greatly improving the removal of metal debris. Additionally, because the workpiece rotates during machining, and because a spiral groove is being cut, the spray outlet of the same fluid outlet passage alternates between being blocked and releasing during the machining process. This process not only saves cutting oil but also increases the impact force of the cutting oil on the spiral groove, while ensuring the uniformity of the temperature of the liquid outlet support block, thus guaranteeing the cooling effect. In addition, by setting an oil outlet mechanism inside the support block, the cutting oil enters the support block before being sprayed out, cooling the support block. The arc groove on the support block wraps around part of the workpiece, thus providing a good pre-cooling effect. Finally, the cutting oil in this structure is sprayed directly onto the spiral groove wrapped by the arc groove, effectively blocking the spread of oil mist and greatly reducing oil mist pollution.

[0019] 3. In this invention, the arc-shaped groove is set to a semi-circular shape. This design, while facilitating the workpiece's insertion into the arc-shaped groove, maximizes the workpiece's enclosure, support, and cooling. The three liquid outlet channels at the upper part of the arc-shaped passage are set to slope downwards to the right. This not only flushes the spiral grooves corresponding to these three outlet channels but also guides the cutting oil into the spiral grooves outside the support block, providing excellent lubrication and cooling for the spiral groove portion outside the support block, facilitating cutting by the cutting tool. The remaining liquid outlet channels are set to a horizontal direction to the right. This design maximizes the rightward pressure of the cutting oil on the workpiece and effectively impacts the metal debris adhering to the spiral grooves. This causes the metal debris to flow downwards along the spiral grooves with the cutting oil, while the horizontal liquid outlet channel at the lower end of the arc-shaped passage directly dissipates the metal debris flowing there horizontally, preventing the accumulation of metal debris.

[0020] 4. This invention, through the design of a transverse passage, connecting pipe, one-way valve, metal hose, and oil outlet, allows cutting oil to be introduced into the inlet pipe at a certain flow rate before cutting. Since the spiral grooves haven't yet been cut into the workpiece, after the cutting oil fills the arc-shaped passage and outlet passage within the support block, almost all of the cutting oil enters the transverse passage. At this point, the flow rate of the cutting oil in the transverse passage is relatively high, generating significant pressure on the one-way valve, causing it to open. This allows the cutting oil to enter the metal hose through the one-way valve and finally spray out from the oil outlet to the cutting point. Once cutting oil is sprayed out of the outlet, the cutting blade begins to cut the workpiece. As the cutting blade cuts the spiral grooves into the workpiece, more and more cutting oil is sprayed out from the outlet passage. This process gradually reduces the flow rate of the cutting oil in the transverse passage, thereby gradually reducing the pressure of the cutting oil on the one-way valve. When the pressure of the cutting oil on the one-way valve drops to a certain level... Once a certain value is reached, the one-way valve closes, preventing cutting oil from spraying out of the outlet. This dynamic adjustment of the oil output from the outlet and the fluid flow path is precisely an on-demand adjustment process. Initially, the oil output from the outlet is large and rapid, providing excellent cooling and lubrication for the cutting area. As the spiral groove is cut, cutting oil is sprayed out from the fluid flow path corresponding to the spiral groove, cooling and lubricating it. The cutting oil also cools and lubricates the cutting area through the spiral groove. Therefore, the decreasing oil output from the outlet does not affect the cooling and lubrication of the cutting area. Moreover, with a constant fluid flow rate in the inlet pipe, the decrease in oil output from the outlet increases the oil output and force in the fluid flow path corresponding to the spiral groove, thereby enhancing the cooling and lubrication of the spiral groove, especially increasing the impact force on the metal debris adhering to the spiral groove, thus improving the cleaning effect of metal debris and ultimately improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0021] 5. The present invention, through the arrangement of structures such as U-shaped blocks, springs, impact balls, rotating plates and cylindrical blocks, impacts the support blocks during the cutting process, which helps to loosen or even shake off metal chips adhering to the support blocks and workpieces, greatly improving the cleaning effect of metal chips. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support block and oil outlet mechanism of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the oil dispensing mechanism of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism, the clamping-rotating mechanism, and the workpiece fixed between them in this invention.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first column, first slide, support base, second slide, clamping mechanism, clamping-rotating mechanism, support block and oil outlet mechanism of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the A-axis motor, the first bevel gear, the second bevel gear, and the connecting shaft of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second column and the vertical adjustment mechanism of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter head mounting platform of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the base, turntable, cutter head mounting seat, cavity, and C-axis motor of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of one of the arc-shaped passages and the liquid outlet passage on it in this invention.

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the support block, arc-shaped passage, liquid outlet passage, transverse passage, connecting pipe, one-way valve, metal hose and oil outlet of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the support block, U-shaped block, rectangular cavity, spring, impact ball, rotating plate, rotating rod, and cylindrical block of the present invention.

[0035] In the diagram: 1-Bed, 2-First column, 3-First slide, 4-Support seat, 5-Second slide, 6-Clamping mechanism, 7-Clamping-rotation mechanism, 8-Support block, 9-Arc groove, 10-Oil outlet mechanism, 11-Second column, 12-Vertical adjustment mechanism, 13-Cutter head mounting table, 14-Arc passage, 15-Main liquid inlet passage, 16-Liquid inlet pipe, 17-Liquid outlet passage, 18-Bracket, 19-First hydraulic cylinder, 20-Center, 21-Clamping seat, 22-B-axis motor, 23-Spindle, 24-Clamping structure, 25-Chuck, 26-Tie rod, 27-Second hydraulic cylinder, 28-First receiving groove, 29-Z-axis motor, 30-Slider. 31-Slide rail, 32-A-axis motor, 33-First bevel gear, 34-Second bevel gear, 35-Connecting shaft, 36-Turntable, 37-Y-axis motor, 38-Support plate, 39-Third cylinder, 40-Third slide block, 41-Tailstock, 42-Clamping block, 43-Base, 44-Turntable, 45-Cutter head mounting seat, 46-Cutter head, 47-Cavity, 48-C-axis motor, 49-X-axis motor, 50-Transverse passage, 51-Connecting pipe, 52-One-way valve, 53-Metal hose, 54-Oil outlet, 55-U-shaped block, 56-Rectangular cavity, 57-Spring, 58-Impact ball, 59-Turn plate, 60-Turn rod, 61-Cylindrical block. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The following will be based on embodiments of the present invention. Figures 1-13 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have been clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] This invention provides a technical solution: an enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine, comprising a bed 1, a first column 2 slidably connected to the left side of the bed 1, a first slide block 3 slidably connected to the first column 2, a support seat 4 rotatably connected to the first slide block 3, a second slide block 5 slidably connected to the support seat 4, a clamping mechanism 6 fixed to the front end of the second slide block 5, a clamping-rotating mechanism 7 fixed to its rear end, a support block 8 provided at its middle position, an arc-shaped groove 9 provided on the support block 8, and an oil outlet mechanism 10 provided on the support block 8, a second column 11 fixed to the right side of the bed 1, a vertical adjustment mechanism 12 provided on the second column 11, and a cutter head mounting table 13 provided below the vertical adjustment mechanism 12. During operation, one end of the workpiece to be processed is first clamped using the clamping-rotating mechanism 7. At this point, the part of the workpiece to be cut fits perfectly into the arc-shaped groove 9 on the support block 8. That is, the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 9 completely covers the left side of the workpiece, and the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 9 contacts the outer wall of the covered part of the workpiece. Then, the other end of the workpiece is tightened by the clamping mechanism 6, thus completing the installation and fixation of the workpiece. Next, the position of the workpiece is adjusted to the cutting position. The vertical position of the workpiece is adjusted by the up-and-down sliding of the first slide block 3, the angle of the workpiece is adjusted by the rotational connection between the first slide block 3 and the support base 4, and the horizontal position of the workpiece is adjusted by the left-and-right sliding of the first column 2. After the workpiece is adjusted to the grinding position, that is, the workpiece abuts against the cutting blade, the workpiece is then cut by rotating, moving back and forth, and adjusting its position until the required thread groove is cut into the workpiece. During the cutting process, the workpiece is rotated via the clamping-rotating mechanism 7, and its position is adjusted by the forward and backward sliding of the second slide 5. Additionally, the workpiece's vertical, horizontal, and angular positions are adjusted as needed during cutting. The oil outlet mechanism 10 maintains an oil outlet state during cutting to cool and lubricate the workpiece and cutting tool. The left and right movement of the first column 2 on the bed 1 is achieved via a lead screw structure. Specifically, this includes an X-axis motor 49 fixed to the left side of the bed 1, a lead screw fixed to the rotating shaft of the X-axis motor 49, a nut seat on the lead screw, and the first column 2 fixed to the nut seat, thus enabling the left and right movement of the first column 2 and ultimately the left and right movement of the workpiece. To accommodate the machining of worm gears of different sizes, the support block 8 and the second slide 5 can be detachably connected. A support block 8 matching the size of the worm gear to be machined is selected in advance and installed on the second slide 5.This invention, through the arrangement of support block 8 and arc-shaped groove 9, effectively limits and supports the workpiece on its right side during cutting when the cutting blade is pressed against the left side of the workpiece. This prevents workpiece runout and deformation, ensuring workpiece stability even with large cutting volumes, deep cuts, and high cutting forces, ultimately significantly improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear. Furthermore, the support block 8 and arc-shaped groove 9 shield the workpiece portion within the arc-shaped groove 9 during machining, preventing metal debris generated during cutting from splashing onto it. This significantly reduces the amount of metal debris adhering to the workpiece when it rotates out of the arc-shaped groove 9 for further cutting, thus improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear to some extent, as metal debris adhering to the workpiece affects the cutting accuracy of the worm gear. Finally, before the workpiece rotates clockwise into the arc-shaped groove 9 during machining, the bottom edge of the arc-shaped groove 9 scrapes and cleans the metal debris adhering to the workpiece surface, effectively removing metal debris and further improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0038] The oil dispensing mechanism 10 includes several arc-shaped passages 14 arranged within the support block 8, running from front to back. Adjacent arc-shaped passages 14 are interconnected. One arc-shaped passage 14 connects to a main inlet passage 15, which is located inside the support block 8 and connected to an inlet pipe 16. Several outlet passages 17 are connected from top to bottom along the side of the arc-shaped passage 14 facing the arc-shaped groove 9. The outlet passages 17 are located inside the support block 8 and connected to the arc-shaped groove 9. This is the specific structure of the oil dispensing mechanism 10, and its principle is as follows: The inlet pipe 16 connects to a cutting oil storage tank. The cutting oil in the storage tank is pumped into the inlet pipe 16 by a pump, then enters the main inlet passage 15 within the support block 8, then enters the arc-shaped passage 14 through the main inlet passage 15, and finally is ejected from the outlet passages 17. The inlet pipe 16 has sufficient slack to ensure that the workpiece is not affected during vertical, horizontal, forward, backward, and rotational movements. After the workpiece is installed and fixed in preparation for cutting, the pump is started to extract cutting oil. At this time, since the outlet passage 17 is blocked by the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 9, the cutting oil in the outlet passage 17 exerts a rightward pressure on the workpiece. This pressure provides further support to the workpiece, offsetting some of the cutting force from the cutting blade and further ensuring the stability of the workpiece during cutting. On the other hand, although the outlet passage 17 is blocked by the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 9, a small amount of cutting oil will still seep out. This portion of cutting oil will lubricate and cool the workpiece, while also greatly facilitating its rotation. As the cutting blade cuts the workpiece, the required thread grooves will be cut into the workpiece. With the appearance of the thread groove, the corresponding fluid outlet passage 17 is unobstructed, allowing cutting oil to spray out from the fluid outlet passage 17. This lubricates and cools the thread groove, and washes away metal debris adhering to it. As the thread groove is cut deeper and wider, the amount of cutting oil output increases. However, the parts of the workpiece that do not need to be cut into thread grooves will block the corresponding fluid outlet passage 17, preventing cutting oil from spraying out from those blocked passages. This allows the cutting oil to be sprayed out on demand, greatly saving cutting oil. Moreover, the distance between the fluid outlet passage 17 and the thread groove is very close, allowing the cutting oil to be sprayed directly onto the thread groove, resulting in good cooling and lubrication effects, as well as significantly improving the cleaning of metal debris.Furthermore, since the workpiece rotates during machining, and the cutting involves spiral grooves, the nozzle of the same liquid outlet passage 17 alternates between being blocked and released during workpiece machining. This process not only saves cutting oil but also increases the impact force of the cutting oil on the spiral grooves, while ensuring the uniformity of the temperature of the liquid outlet support block 8, thus guaranteeing the cooling effect. If part of the liquid outlet passage 17 is continuously blocked, the cutting oil in that part of the liquid outlet passage 17 will never have a chance to spray out, and the cutting oil in that part of the liquid outlet passage 17 will slowly heat up, resulting in uneven heating and cooling of the entire support block 8, thereby affecting the cooling effect. In addition, by setting up an arc-shaped passage 14, a main liquid inlet passage 15, and a liquid outlet passage 17 within the support block 8, the cutting oil will first enter the support block 8 before being sprayed out, cooling the support block 8. The arc-shaped groove 9 on the support block 8 encloses part of the workpiece, thus providing a good pre-cooling effect on the workpiece. Finally, with this structure, the cutting oil is sprayed towards the spiral groove enclosed by the arc-shaped groove 9, effectively preventing oil mist diffusion and greatly reducing oil mist pollution. The number and density of the arc-shaped passages 14 and liquid outlet passages 17 within the support block 8 are specifically set according to the size of the thread groove to be cut on the workpiece, ensuring that the arc-shaped groove 9 corresponding to the thread groove has sufficient liquid outlet passages 17.

[0039] The clamping mechanism 6 includes a bracket 18 fixed on the second slide 5, a first hydraulic cylinder 19 fixed on the bracket 18, and a center 20 fixed to the piston rod end of the first hydraulic cylinder 19. The clamping-rotation mechanism 7 includes a clamping seat 21 fixed on the second slide 5, a B-axis motor 22 inside the clamping seat 21 (a direct-drive motor), a main shaft 23 fixed through its center, and a clamping structure 24 inside the main shaft 23. The clamping structure 24 includes a chuck 25, the left end of a pull rod 26 fixed to the chuck 25, and the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 27 fixed to the right end of the pull rod 26. The working principle of the clamping mechanism 6 is as follows: when the workpiece needs to be clamped, the first hydraulic cylinder 19 is activated, its piston rod extends, driving the center 20 to move towards the workpiece until it abuts against the end of the workpiece, thus providing clamping and centering. The end of the workpiece is provided with an embedded groove that matches the center 20. The clamping-rotation mechanism 7 not only clamps the workpiece but also rotates it. Its working principle is as follows: When the workpiece needs to be clamped, the second hydraulic cylinder 27 is activated, its piston rod retracts, pulling the pull rod 26 towards the second hydraulic cylinder 27, which in turn pulls the chuck 25 into the spindle 23 until the chuck 25 can no longer move into the spindle 23. At this point, the chuck 25 firmly clamps the end of the workpiece. When the workpiece needs to be released, the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 27 simply moves in the opposite direction. The spindle 23 has a cavity for the pull rod 26 and the chuck 25 to move. The chuck 25 is a three-jaw type, which is existing technology, so it will not be described in detail here. After the chuck 25 clamps the workpiece, it means that the entire clamping structure 24 is fixed to the spindle 23. Therefore, when the workpiece is rotated, the B-axis motor 22 is activated, driving the spindle 23 to rotate, which in turn drives the clamping structure 24 inside the spindle 23 to rotate, thereby rotating the workpiece held by the clamping structure 24. The second hydraulic cylinder 27 is rotatably connected to the fixture seat 21. The B-axis motor 22 is set as a direct drive motor, so the rotation of the workpiece is directly driven by the direct drive motor. This setting further improves the accuracy of worm gear machining.

[0040] A first receiving groove 28 is provided at the middle position of the right side of the first column 2. A Z-axis motor 29 is fixed on the outer top surface of the first receiving groove 28. A first lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Z-axis motor 29. The lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the inner bottom surface of the first receiving groove 28. A first nut seat matching the first lead screw is provided on the first lead screw. A first slide block 3 is fixed on the first nut seat. Slider blocks 30 are fixed at the front and rear parts of the left side of the first slide block 3. A slide rail 31 matching the slider 30 is fixed on the first column 2. This is the specific way to realize the sliding connection between the column 2 and the first slide block 3. When the first slide block 3 needs to be raised, the Z-axis motor 29 is started, which drives the first lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the first nut seat to rise along the first lead screw, which in turn drives the first slide block 3 fixed on the first nut seat to rise. When the first slide block 3 needs to be lowered, the Z-axis motor 29 only needs to rotate in the opposite direction. The setting of slider 30 and slide rail 31 makes the raising and lowering of the first slide block 3 more stable.

[0041] An A-axis motor 32 is fixed to the upper left side of the first slide block 3. A first bevel gear 33 is fixed to the bottom of the rotating shaft of the A-axis motor 32. The first bevel gear 33 is perpendicularly meshed with a second bevel gear 34. A connecting shaft 35 is fixed through the second bevel gear 34. The connecting shaft 35 passes through the first slide block 3, and a turntable 36 is fixed to the right end of the connecting shaft 35. A support seat 4 is fixed on the turntable 36. A second receiving groove is opened on the right side of the support seat 4. A Y-axis motor 37 is fixed to the rear outer wall of the second receiving groove. A second lead screw is fixed to the rotating shaft of the Y-axis motor 37. The front end of the second lead screw is rotatably connected to the front inner wall of the second receiving groove. A second nut seat that matches the second lead screw is provided on the second lead screw. The second slide block 5 is fixed on the second nut seat. When the support base 4 needs to be rotated at a certain angle, the A-axis motor 32 starts, and its rotating shaft rotates, driving the first bevel gear 33 to rotate, which in turn drives the second bevel gear 34 to rotate, which in turn drives the connecting shaft 35 to rotate, which in turn drives the turntable 36 to rotate, which in turn drives the support base 4 to rotate, and finally drives the workpiece to rotate. The connecting shaft 35 is rotatably connected to the first slide 3. When the second slide 5 needs to slide forward, the Y-axis motor 37 starts, driving the second lead screw to rotate, which in turn drives the second nut seat to slide forward along the second lead screw, which in turn drives the second slide 5, which is fixed on the second nut seat, to slide forward. When the second slide 5 needs to slide backward, the Y-axis motor 37 simply reverses its direction.

[0042] The vertical adjustment mechanism 12 includes a support plate 38 fixed to the second column 11. A third hydraulic cylinder 39 is fixed to the support plate 38. A third slide block 40 is fixed to the end of the piston rod of the third hydraulic cylinder 39. The third slide block 40 is slidably connected to the second column 11. A tailstock 41 is fixed to the third slide block 40. A pressing block 42 is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the tailstock 41. This is the specific structure of the vertical adjustment mechanism 12. During operation, the third hydraulic cylinder 39 is activated, and its piston rod extends, causing the third slide block 40 to slide downward along the second column 11. This, in turn, causes the tailstock 41 to move downward, which in turn causes the pressing block 42 to move downward until the pressing block 42 firmly presses against the cutter head 46, greatly improving the stability of the cutter head 46 during the cutting process. The third hydraulic cylinder 39 enables high-pressure pressing of the cutter head 46, enhancing the pressing effect and further improving the stability of the cutter head 46 during the cutting process, thereby improving the workpiece machining accuracy.

[0043] The tool turret mounting table 13 includes a base 43 fixed to the bed 1, a turntable 44 rotatably connected to the base 43, a tool turret mounting seat 45 fixed on the turntable 44, and a tool turret 46 detachably connected to the tool turret mounting seat 45. A cavity 47 is formed in the base 43, and a C-axis motor 48 is housed within the cavity 47. The rotation shaft of the C-axis motor 48 is fixed to the bottom surface of the turntable 44. This is the specific structure of the tool turret mounting table 13, where the tool turret 46 is mounted on the tool turret mounting seat 45, and the connection between the tool turret 46 and the tool turret mounting seat 45 is a threaded connection. The rotation of the turntable 44 is achieved by the C-axis motor 48, which in turn causes the rotation of the tool turret mounting seat 45, ultimately resulting in the rotation of the tool turret 46. The cutter head 46 has several cutting blades evenly distributed on it. After one cutting blade on the cutter head 46 has been cutting for a certain period of time, the cutter head 46 can be rotated to replace the next cutting blade. This not only greatly improves the efficiency of changing cutting blades, but also provides good protection for the cutting blades, preventing them from being damaged due to prolonged working time. This not only greatly improves cutting efficiency, but also extends the service life of the cutting blades and reduces costs.

[0044] The arc-shaped groove 9 is semi-circular, and the three liquid outlet channels 17 at the top of each arc-shaped passage 14 are inclined to the lower right, while the remaining liquid outlet channels 17 are horizontal to the right. The semi-circular arc-shaped groove 8 is designed to maximize the workpiece's enclosure, support, and cooling while facilitating its insertion. The downward-inclined three liquid outlet channels 17 at the top of the arc-shaped passage 14 not only flush the corresponding spiral grooves but also guide the cutting oil into the spiral grooves outside the support block 8, providing excellent lubrication and cooling for the spiral groove portion outside the support block 8, thus facilitating cutting by the cutting tool. The remaining liquid outlet passage 17 is set to be horizontal to the right. This setting not only maximizes the pressure of the cutting oil on the workpiece to the right, but also has a good impact effect on the metal chips adhering in the spiral groove. This causes the metal chips to flow downward along the spiral groove with the cutting oil from top to bottom. The horizontal liquid outlet passage 17 at the lower end of the arc-shaped passage 14 can just flush the metal chips flowing there to a distance in the horizontal direction, avoiding the accumulation of metal chips.

[0045] One of the arc-shaped passages 14 has a transverse passage 50 connected to the outside at its top. A connecting pipe 51 is fixed inside the transverse passage 50, and a one-way valve 52 is installed on the connecting pipe 51. A metal hose 53 is fixed to the right end of the connecting pipe 51, and an oil outlet 54 is provided at the lower end of the metal hose 53. The number and density of the arc-shaped passages 14 are set according to actual needs. When the number of arc-shaped passages 14 is odd, the transverse passage 50 is set at the top of the middle arc-shaped passage 14. When the number of arc-shaped passages 14 is even, either of the two middle arc-shaped passages 14 can be used as the transverse passage. At the beginning of cutting, since the spiral groove has not yet been cut, the cooling and lubrication of the cutting area are insufficient. This setting solves the above problem. Before cutting, the oil outlet 54 of the metal hose 53 is aligned with the top of the cutting area. The setting of the metal hose 53 allows the oil outlet 54 to be adjusted to the required position for easy adjustment. Before cutting, cutting oil is first introduced into the inlet pipe 16 at a certain flow rate. Since the spiral groove has not yet been cut into the workpiece, after the cutting oil fills the arc-shaped passage 14 and the outlet passage 17 in the support block 8, almost all of the cutting oil will enter the transverse passage 50. At this time, the flow rate of the cutting oil in the transverse passage 50 is relatively high, which generates a large pressure on the one-way valve 52, causing the one-way valve 52 to open. This allows the cutting oil to enter the metal hose 53 through the one-way valve 52 and finally spray out from the oil outlet 54 to the cutting point. When cutting oil is sprayed out of the oil outlet 54, the cutting blade begins to cut the workpiece. As the cutting blade cuts the spiral groove on the workpiece, more and more cutting oil will be sprayed out from the outlet passage 17. This process will gradually reduce the flow rate of the cutting oil in the transverse passage 50, thereby gradually reducing the pressure of the cutting oil on the one-way valve 52. When the pressure of the cutting oil on the one-way valve 52 drops to a certain value, the one-way valve 52 will close. The cutting oil will not spray out from the oil outlet 54. This dynamic adjustment of the oil output from the oil outlet 54 and the oil output from the liquid outlet passage 17 is precisely an on-demand adjustment process. Initially, the oil output from the oil outlet 54 is large and rapid, which plays a good role in cooling and lubricating the cutting area. As the spiral groove is cut out, the cutting oil will spray out from the liquid outlet passage 17 corresponding to the spiral groove to cool and lubricate the spiral groove. The cutting oil can also cool and lubricate the cutting area through the spiral groove. Therefore, the oil output from the oil outlet 54 does not affect the cooling and lubrication of the cutting area as the oil output decreases. Moreover, with the liquid inlet flow rate of the liquid inlet pipe 16 remaining unchanged, the decrease in the oil output from the oil outlet 54 can increase the oil output and oil output force of the liquid outlet passage corresponding to the spiral groove, thereby improving the cooling and lubrication of the spiral groove, especially improving the impact force on the metal chips adhering in the spiral groove, thereby improving the cleaning effect of metal chips, and ultimately improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0046] The support block 8 is connected to the second slide block 5 through a U-shaped block 55 with an opening to the right. A rectangular cavity 56 is formed between the U-shaped block 55 and the left side of the support block 8. Several springs 57 are fixed from front to back on the top and bottom walls of the rectangular cavity 56. An impact ball 58 is fixed on the free end of the spring 57. A rotating plate 59 is provided on the side of the impact ball 58 away from the support block 8. A rotating rod 60 is fixed on the rotating plate 59. The front and rear ends of the rotating rod 60 are rotatably connected to the front and rear walls of the rectangular cavity 56, respectively. A cylindrical block 61 is fixed on the side of the rotating plate 59 away from the impact ball 58. Vibration is generated during workpiece cutting. This vibration is transmitted to spring 57 via support block 8, causing spring 57 to move irregularly (up / down, left / right), which in turn drives impact ball 58. Impact ball 58 is very close to both the left and right walls of rectangular cavity 56, making it easy for it to impact the right wall of rectangular cavity 56, i.e., impact support block 8. This impact helps loosen or even dislodge metal debris adhering to support block 8 and the workpiece, greatly improving the cleaning effect. The rotating plate 59 further provides power for impact ball 58 to impact support block 8, pushing it towards the support block 8, thus increasing the impact force, improving the impact duration, and enhancing the impact effect. The cylindrical block 61 makes rotating plate 59 heavier at one end and lighter at the other, which facilitates the rotation of rotating plate 59 and strengthens the impact force on support block 8.

[0047] Working Principle: During operation, one end of the workpiece to be processed is first clamped by the clamping-rotating mechanism 7. At this time, the part of the workpiece to be cut fits into the arc-shaped groove 9 on the support block 8. That is, the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 9 completely covers the left side of the workpiece, and the arc-shaped wall of the arc-shaped groove 9 contacts the outer wall of the covered part of the workpiece. Then, the other end of the workpiece is pressed by the clamping mechanism 6, thus completing the installation and fixation of the workpiece. Next, the position of the workpiece is adjusted to the cutting position. The vertical position of the workpiece is adjusted by the up-and-down sliding of the first slide block 3, the angle of the workpiece is adjusted by the rotational connection between the first slide block 3 and the support base 4, and the horizontal position of the workpiece is adjusted by the left-and-right sliding of the first column 2. After the workpiece is adjusted to the grinding position, that is, the workpiece abuts against the cutting blade, the workpiece is then cut by rotating, moving back and forth, and adjusting its position until the required thread groove is cut into the workpiece. During the cutting process, the workpiece is rotated via the clamping-rotating mechanism 7, and its position is adjusted by the forward and backward sliding of the second slide 5. Additionally, the workpiece's vertical, horizontal, and angular positions are adjusted as needed during cutting. The oil outlet mechanism 10 maintains an oil outlet state during cutting to cool and lubricate the workpiece and cutting tool. The left and right movement of the first column 2 on the bed 1 is achieved via a lead screw structure. Specifically, this includes an X-axis motor 49 fixed to the left side of the bed 1, a lead screw fixed to the rotating shaft of the X-axis motor 49, a nut seat on the lead screw, and the first column 2 fixed to the nut seat, thus enabling the left and right movement of the first column 2 and ultimately the left and right movement of the workpiece. To accommodate the machining of worm gears of different sizes, the support block 8 and the second slide 5 can be detachably connected. A support block 8 matching the size of the worm gear to be machined is selected in advance and installed on the second slide 5. This invention, through the arrangement of the support block 8 and the arc-shaped groove 9, effectively limits and supports the workpiece on its right side during the cutting process when the cutting blade is pressed against the left side of the workpiece. This prevents workpiece runout and deformation even with large cutting volumes, deep cutting depths, and high cutting forces, ensuring workpiece stability and ultimately significantly improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear. Furthermore, the support block 8 and the arc-shaped groove 9 shield the workpiece portion within the arc-shaped groove 9 during machining, preventing metal debris generated during cutting from splashing onto it. This significantly reduces the amount of metal debris adhering to the workpiece when it rotates out of the arc-shaped groove 9 for further cutting, thus improving the machining accuracy of the worm gear to a certain extent, as metal debris adhering to the workpiece affects the cutting accuracy of the worm gear.Finally, during the machining process, before the workpiece is rotated clockwise into the arc groove 9, the bottom edge of the arc groove 9 scrapes and cleans the metal debris adhering to the workpiece surface, which plays a very good role in cleaning metal debris and further improves the machining accuracy of the worm gear.

[0048] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A toroidal worm gear milling machine, characterized in that, The bed includes a bed (1), a first column (2) is slidably connected to the left side of the bed (1), a first slide (3) is slidably connected to the first column (2), a support seat (4) is rotatably connected to the first slide (3), a second slide (5) is slidably connected to the support seat (4), a clamping mechanism (6) is fixed to the front end of the second slide (5), a clamping-rotating mechanism (7) is fixed to its rear end, a support block (8) is provided at the middle position, an arc groove (9) is provided on the support block (8), and an oil outlet mechanism (10) is provided on the support block (8). A second column (11) is fixed to the right side of the bed (1), a vertical adjustment mechanism (12) is provided on the second column (11), and a cutter head mounting table (13) is provided below the vertical adjustment mechanism (12). The oil outlet mechanism (10) includes an arc-shaped passage (14) disposed in the support block (8). Several arc-shaped passages (14) are provided in the support block (8) from front to back. Adjacent arc-shaped passages (14) are connected. One of the arc-shaped passages (14) is connected to a liquid inlet passage (15). The liquid inlet passage (15) is disposed inside the support block (8) and is connected to a liquid inlet pipe (16). Several liquid outlet passages (17) are connected from top to bottom on the side of the arc-shaped passage (14) facing the arc-shaped groove (9). The liquid outlet passages (17) are disposed inside the support block (8) and are connected to the arc-shaped groove (9).

2. The enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism (6) includes a bracket (18) fixed on the second slide (5), a first oil cylinder (19) fixed on the bracket (18), a center point (20) fixed at the piston rod end of the first oil cylinder (19), and a clamping-rotating mechanism (7) including a clamp seat (21) fixed on the second slide (5). A B-axis motor (22) is provided in the clamp seat (21). The B-axis motor (22) is a direct drive motor, and a main shaft (23) is fixed through its center. A clamping structure (24) is provided in the main shaft (23). The clamping structure (24) includes a chuck (25). The left end of a pull rod (26) is fixed in the chuck (25), and the piston rod of the second oil cylinder (27) is fixed in the right end of the pull rod (26).

3. The enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A first receiving groove (28) is provided at the middle position of the right side of the first column (2). A Z-axis motor (29) is fixed on the outer top surface of the first receiving groove (28). A first lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Z-axis motor (29). The lower end of the first lead screw is rotatably connected to the inner bottom surface of the first receiving groove (28). A first nut seat matching it is provided on the first lead screw. A first slide block (3) is fixed on the first nut seat. A slider (30) is fixed on the front and rear parts of the left side of the first slide block (3). A slide rail (31) matching the slider (30) is fixed on the first column (2).

4. The enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, An A-axis motor (32) is fixed on the upper left side of the first slide (3). A first bevel gear (33) is fixed at the bottom of the rotating shaft of the A-axis motor (32). The first bevel gear (33) is vertically meshed with a second bevel gear (34). A connecting shaft (35) is fixed through the second bevel gear (34). The connecting shaft (35) passes through the first slide (3). A turntable (36) is fixed at the right end of the connecting shaft (35). A support seat (4) is fixed on the turntable (36). A second receiving groove is opened on the right side of the support seat (4). A Y-axis motor (37) is fixed on the rear outer wall of the second receiving groove. A second lead screw is fixed on the rotating shaft of the Y-axis motor (37). The front end of the second lead screw is rotatably connected to the front inner wall of the second receiving groove. A second nut seat that matches the second lead screw is provided on the second lead screw. A second slide (5) is fixed on the second nut seat.

5. The enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical adjustment mechanism (12) includes a support plate (38) fixed on the second column (11), a third oil cylinder (39) fixed on the support plate (38), a third slide (40) fixed at the piston rod end of the third oil cylinder (39), the third slide (40) being slidably connected to the second column (11), a tail seat (41) fixed on the third slide (40), and a clamping block (42) rotatably connected to the bottom end of the tail seat (41).

6. The enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutter head mounting platform (13) includes a base (43) fixed on the bed (1), a turntable (44) is rotatably connected to the base (43), a cutter head mounting seat (45) is fixed on the turntable (44), a cutter head (46) is detachably connected to the cutter head mounting seat (45), a cavity (47) is provided on the base (43), a C-axis motor (48) is provided in the cavity (47), and the rotation shaft of the C-axis motor (48) is fixed on the bottom surface of the turntable (44).

7. The enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc groove (9) is set as a semi-circle, and the three liquid outlet channels (17) at the top of each arc passage (14) are set to tilt downward to the right, while the remaining liquid outlet channels (17) are set to be horizontal to the right.

8. The enveloping toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, One of the arc-shaped passages (14) has a transverse passage (50) connected to the outside at its top end. A connecting pipe (51) is fixed inside the transverse passage (50). A one-way valve (52) is provided on the connecting pipe (51). A metal hose (53) is fixed at the right end of the connecting pipe (51). An oil outlet (54) is provided at the lower end of the metal hose (53).

9. A toroidal worm gear milling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support block (8) is connected to the second slide block (5) through a U-shaped block (55) with an opening to the right. A rectangular cavity (56) is formed between the U-shaped block (55) and the left side of the support block (8). Several springs (57) are fixed on the top and bottom walls of the rectangular cavity (56) from front to back. An impact ball (58) is fixed on the free end of the spring (57). A rotating plate (59) is provided on the side of the impact ball (58) away from the support block (8). A rotating rod (60) is fixed on the rotating plate (59). The front and rear ends of the rotating rod (60) are rotatably connected to the front and rear walls of the rectangular cavity (56) respectively. A cylindrical block (61) is fixed on the side of the rotating plate (59) away from the impact ball (58).

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