Rockfall protection system with active capture and high-energy-level dynamic interception functions

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of geological disaster prevention and control and intelligent equipment, and provides an active capture and dynamic high-energy-level gradient interception rockfall protection system which comprises a supporting unit, a gradient interception unit, an active capture unit, an intelligent regulation and control unit and a self-healing repair unit. Through a gradient interception net, an electromagnetic ejection flying net and an intelligent regulation and control algorithm, high-energy-level dangerous rockfall efficient protection is achieved. The system has the characteristics of dynamic response, material self-healing and eco-friendliness, is suitable for high-risk scenes such as nuclear power, high-speed rails, dam hubs, expressways and major buildings, and greatly improves the protection efficiency compared with a traditional scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geological disaster prevention and control and intelligent equipment technology, and specifically to a rockfall protection system with active capture and high-energy level dynamic interception. Background Art

[0002] Traditional rockfall protection systems are mostly passive, fixed structures, with drawbacks such as fixed protection levels, poor terrain adaptability, and high maintenance costs. Existing flexible protection nets can passively cushion the impact of falling rocks, but they cannot dynamically adjust the protection level (such as covered flexible nets), and the monitoring system is prone to misjudgment (such as sensor mis-triggering). Active protection measures are difficult to construct, extremely costly, and challenging to maintain. Furthermore, there is a lack of cost-effective solutions for ultra-high energy level (≥3000kJ) protection needs (such as nuclear power facilities, high-speed rail lines, highways, large bridges, steep mine slopes, scenic areas, and other densely populated areas). Summary of the Invention

[0003] The embodiments of the present application provide a rockfall protection system with active capture and high-energy-level dynamic interception, which realizes full-chain protection against rockfall disasters and solves the key pain points of traditional technologies.

[0004] A first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a rockfall protection system with active capture and high-energy dynamic interception. The support unit is horizontally arranged on the high-strength composite cable on both sides of the dangerous rock. The two ends of the cable are fixed by anchor rods or anchor cables. The anchor rods or anchor cables have built-in optical fiber sensors to monitor stress changes in real time. The support unit can be set up in multiple layers along the direction of rockfall. Its number is N. ij， Where i represents the i-th cable, j represents the j-th vertical cable of the i-th cable; the gradient interception network can be ij The cables move between different cable layers and different cable paths to intercept falling rocks with different movement trajectories; The gradient interception unit is arranged along the cable, and the gradient interception unit includes i-channel and j-layer interception nets; The active capture unit is located in the electromagnetic catapult flying net device on both sides of the dangerous rock. It has a built-in Kevlar-carbon nanotube composite flying net with a launch radius of 100m and a response time of ≤0.8 seconds. The edge of the electromagnetic catapult flying net device is equipped with a negative pressure adsorption ring and a damping buffer winch. The adsorption force of the negative pressure adsorption ring is ≥0.8MPa. An intelligent control unit integrates 3D lidar, infrared thermal imaging, and microseismic sensor data to build a BIM+GIS 3D geological model. It uses machine learning and edge computing to predict rockfall trajectories with a prediction error of ≤0.5m and dynamically selects either a flying net interception mode or a gradient interception mode. The self-healing repair unit is arranged in the interception net, and includes a microcurrent responsive shape memory polymer and a microcapsule repair agent.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the gradient interception unit includes an i-channel interception network, where i=4, including: The first interception net is made of aramid woven mesh, and the interception energy range is (50 kJ, 300 kJ); The second interception net is made of carbon fiber-titanium alloy composite net, with an interception energy range of (300 kJ, 800 kJ); The third interception net is made of UHMWPE fiber-reinforced mesh, with an interception energy range of (800 kJ, 1500 kJ); The material of the fourth interception net includes carbon nanotube-shear thickening gel composite net, and the interception energy range is (1500kJ, 5000kJ). The fourth interception net adopts bionic fractal structure and controllable collapse design.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the fourth interception net includes a carbon nanotube fiber woven matrix, a shear thickening gel layer, and a three-dimensional titanium alloy honeycomb skeleton, wherein: Carbon nanotube fiber woven matrix, surface density ≤5kg / m²; Shear thickening gel layer, normal viscosity is 500Pa·s, and the viscosity rises to 104Pa·s when impacted; The three-dimensional titanium alloy honeycomb skeleton disperses impact energy through the collapse point design.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the active capture unit is specifically configured to: The flying net is triggered when the impact energy of the falling rock is less than or equal to 2000kJ; The flying net captures the fallen rocks and then slowly lowers them to the ground via a winch; When the impact energy is greater than 2000kJ, the flying net automatically detaches and activates the gradient interception net in the gradient interception unit.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the compensation formula of the self-adjusting anchor is: ; Among them, ΔL represents the deformation, k is the elastic coefficient of the rock mass, and the length change of the anchor is detected by geological radar and corrected in real time. 实测 is the actual measured stress, σ 安全 is the safety stress, and L0 is the original length of the anchor rod.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the active capture unit includes: Multi-stage electromagnetic catapult track: driven by a segmented linear motor, with an initial ejection velocity of ≥200m / s; Flying net folding optimization design: folding ratio ≥ 1:20, coverage area 314m² after unfolding, radius 100m; Adaptive trajectory correction module: Based on real-time wind speed and rockfall motion physical data, the flight trajectory of the flying net is adjusted through micro-thrusters on the edge of the flying net, with a correction accuracy of ≤0.3m.

[0010] In one possible implementation, adjusting the flight trajectory of the flying net using micro-propellers at the edge of the flying net based on real-time wind speed and rockfall motion physical data includes: Obtain real-time wind speed and direction, and extract rockfall direction from rockfall physical data; Determining a predicted direction of rockfall based on the rockfall movement direction and the wind direction; and determining a predicted rockfall speed value based on the real-time wind speed value and the speed value in the rockfall motion physical data; Determine a trajectory prediction for the falling rock using the predicted direction, the predicted speed value, and the real-time wind speed to obtain a predicted rockfall trajectory; Based on the predicted rockfall trajectory, the flight trajectory of the flying net is adjusted by micro-propellers at the edge of the flying net.

[0011] The implementation of the embodiments of the present application has the following beneficial effects: The system utilizes a gradient energy interception net, electromagnetic catapults, and intelligent control algorithms to achieve high-energy range protection. Featuring dynamic response, self-healing materials, and eco-friendliness, it is suitable for high-risk scenarios such as nuclear power plants, high-speed rail, dam hubs, highways, and major structures, significantly improving protection efficiency compared to traditional solutions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a rockfall protection system with active capture and high-energy level dynamic interception is provided for an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0015] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish between different objects, not to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or elements is not limited to the listed steps or elements but may optionally include steps or elements not listed, or may optionally include other steps or elements inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0016] References to "embodiments" in this application mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application may be combined with other embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a rockfall protection system with active capture and high-energy dynamic interception is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes: a support unit 1, a gradient interception unit 2, an active capture unit 3, an intelligent control unit 4, and a self-healing repair unit 5, wherein: The support unit is horizontally arranged on the high-strength composite cable on both sides of the dangerous rock. The two ends of the cable are fixed by anchor rods or anchor cables. The anchor rods or anchor cables have built-in optical fiber sensors to monitor stress changes in real time. The support unit can be set up in multiple layers along the direction of rockfall. Its number is N. ij， Where i represents the i-th cable, j represents the j-th vertical cable of the i-th cable; the gradient interception network can be ij The cables move between different cable layers and different cable paths to intercept falling rocks with different movement trajectories; The gradient interception unit is arranged along the cable, and the gradient interception unit includes i-channel and j-layer interception nets; The active capture unit is located in the electromagnetic catapult flying net device on both sides of the dangerous rock. It has a built-in Kevlar-carbon nanotube composite flying net with a launch radius of 100m and a response time of ≤0.8 seconds. The edge of the electromagnetic catapult flying net device is equipped with a negative pressure adsorption ring and a damping buffer winch. The adsorption force of the negative pressure adsorption ring is ≥0.8MPa. An intelligent control unit integrates 3D lidar, infrared thermal imaging, and microseismic sensor data to build a BIM+GIS 3D geological model. It uses machine learning and edge computing to predict rockfall trajectories with a prediction error of ≤0.5m and dynamically selects either a flying net interception mode or a gradient interception mode. The self-healing repair unit is arranged in the interception net, and includes a microcurrent responsive shape memory polymer and a microcapsule repair agent.

[0018] Among them, the following designs are carried out in the active capture unit: (1) Flying network structure optimization Under strong wind conditions of level 8, the flying net trajectory correction module controls the coverage accuracy to a radial error of ≤0.4m; The folding ratio is increased to 1:20, and the unfolded area is greater than 100m²; The edge is equipped with micro-thrusters (thrust ≥ 50N) to achieve real-time trajectory correction. (2) Energy supply design: Equipped with supercapacitor energy storage module (capacity ≥ 100kWh), supporting continuous ejection ≥ 10 times; A wind-solar complementary power supply system is used to ensure continuous operation in extreme environments.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the gradient interception unit includes an i-channel interception network, where i=4, including: The first interception net is made of aramid woven mesh, and the interception energy range is (50 kJ, 300 kJ); The second interception net is made of carbon fiber-titanium alloy composite net, with an interception energy range of (300 kJ, 800 kJ); The third interception net is made of UHMWPE fiber-reinforced mesh, with an interception energy range of (800 kJ, 1500 kJ); The material of the fourth interception net includes carbon nanotube-shear thickening gel composite net, and the interception energy range is (1500kJ, 5000kJ). The fourth interception net adopts bionic fractal structure and controllable collapse design.

[0020] Specifically, the four interception nets are slid to the predetermined elevation and position on the same cable according to the predicted impact energy of the rockfall. After interception, they slide back and are stored in the storage compartment. When the impact energy is between 50 and 300 kJ, the first intercepting net, an aramid mesh, slides out from the cable based on the predicted trajectory and slides to the predetermined elevation to intercept the falling rock. After interception, the aramid mesh slides back from the cable and is stored in the mesh storage compartment.

[0021] When the impact energy is between 300kJ and 800kJ, the second intercepting net, a carbon fiber-titanium alloy composite net, slides out from the cable based on the predicted trajectory and slides to the predetermined elevation to intercept the falling rock. After interception, the carbon fiber-titanium alloy composite net slides back from the cable and is stored in the net storage compartment.

[0022] When the impact energy is between 800 and 1500 kJ, the third intercepting net, a UHMWPE fiber-reinforced net, slides out from the cable based on the predicted trajectory and slides to the predetermined elevation to intercept the falling rock. After interception, the UHMWPE fiber-reinforced net slides back from the cable and is stored in the net storage compartment.

[0023] When the impact energy is between 1500 and 5000 kJ, the fourth intercepting net, a carbon nanotube-shear thickening gel composite net, slides out from the cable based on the predicted trajectory and slides to the predetermined elevation to intercept the falling rock. After interception, the carbon nanotube-shear thickening gel composite net slides back from the cable and is stored in the net storage compartment.

[0024] Net storage compartments can be located at either end of the cable or at specific nodes. The intercepting net slides back and is automatically stored, preventing long-term exposure to the environment and extending its service life. This design requires efficient mechanical transmission and a compact storage structure to ensure fast response and reliable operation.

[0025] The mesh of a gradient interception net can be adjusted and contracted based on the size of the rockfall being intercepted. This mesh adjustment may be achieved through intelligent material response (such as shape memory alloys) or mechanical structures (such as retractable frames). For example, shear-thickening gels harden upon impact, causing the mesh to contract, while the collapse points of a titanium alloy skeleton allow the structure to deform, thereby changing the mesh size.

[0026] The specific functions of release fractal and collapse design are as follows: (1) Multi-level energy dispersion: The fractal structure transfers the impact energy step by step to branch nodes of different scales, reducing the local stress peak and avoiding stress concentration.

[0027] (2) Adaptive deformation capability: The microcrack design at the fractal nodes allows the structure to collapse in an orderly manner along a preset path under impact rather than breaking as a whole.

[0028] (3) Collapse design: Energy dissipation is achieved through material means such as phase change (gel to solid) and structural buckling, converting kinetic energy into thermal energy and elastic potential energy. When impacted by falling rocks, the composite mesh deforms in an orderly manner to prevent overall structural failure.

[0029] The carbon nanotube matrix consists of an ultra-thin carbon nanotube film (thickness ≤ 20μm) produced using a floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition method. Chemical cross-linking forms a three-dimensional network structure. Under impact loads, the π-π stacking interaction between the carbon nanotubes is enhanced, rapidly increasing the matrix's stiffness and achieving a high mesh shrinkage rate.

[0030] Shear thickening gel layer: It is a composite of silica nanoparticles and polyurethane prepolymer. It exhibits Newtonian fluid properties under normal conditions. When impacted, the particles aggregate to form a temporary network structure, and the viscosity instantly jumps to 10 4Pa·s level, triggering the mesh to shrink to 1 / 4 of its original size.

[0031] Titanium alloy honeycomb skeleton: Designed with a gradient porosity structure (60% surface porosity, 80% internal porosity), the collapse points utilize microcracks created by selective laser melting, enabling controlled buckling deformation through directional energy flow. The collapse points of the titanium alloy skeleton allow for structural deformation, thereby changing the mesh size to dynamically adapt to the size of falling rocks and reduce the risk of rockfall.

[0032] In one possible implementation, the fourth interception network includes: Carbon nanotube fiber woven matrix, surface density ≤5kg / m²; Shear thickening gel layer, normal viscosity is 500Pa·s, and the viscosity rises to 104Pa·s when impacted; The three-dimensional titanium alloy honeycomb skeleton has a porosity of ≥80% and disperses impact energy through the collapse point design.

[0033] Specifically, the carbon nanotube fiber matrix utilizes an ultra-thin carbon nanotube film (thickness ≤ 20μm) produced by floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Chemical cross-linking forms a three-dimensional network structure. Under impact loads, the π-π stacking interaction between the carbon nanotubes is enhanced, rapidly increasing the matrix stiffness and achieving mesh shrinkage.

[0034] The shear thickening gel layer is a composite of silica nanoparticles and polyurethane prepolymer. It exhibits Newtonian fluid properties under normal conditions with a normal viscosity of 500 Pa·s. When impacted, the particles aggregate to form a temporary network structure, and the viscosity instantly jumps to 10 4 Pa·s level, triggering the mesh to shrink to 1 / 4 of its original size.

[0035] The three-dimensional titanium alloy honeycomb framework disperses impact energy through designed collapse points. A gradient porosity structure (60% surface porosity, 80% internal porosity) is designed. Microcracks created at the collapse points by selective laser melting are used to achieve controlled buckling deformation through directional energy flow. The collapse points of the titanium alloy framework allow for structural deformation, thereby changing the mesh size to dynamically adapt to the size of falling rocks and reduce rock fragmentation.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the active capture unit is specifically configured to: The flying net is triggered when the impact energy of the falling rock is less than or equal to 2000kJ; The flying net captures the fallen rocks and then slowly lowers them to the ground via a winch; When the impact energy is greater than 2000kJ, the flying net automatically detaches and activates the gradient interception net in the gradient interception unit.

[0037] Specifically, the impact energy of the falling rock is obtained by: (1) Using the rockfall kinematic model proposed by Soviet scholar Professor Roy Nihuivili, combined with terrain parameters, a multi-level energy calculation system was established: 1) Speed ​​calculation: ① Reflection speed at the foot of the slope: in, is the reflection velocity at the foot of the slope, is the initial velocity of the rockfall, λ is the friction coefficient, λ=0 represents the ideal frictionless situation, λ=1 represents complete stillness, 、 is the slope angle of the slope section.

[0038] ②Terminal speed: ; in, is the speed at the end of the slope, ε2 is the speed coefficient of the gentle slope section, and H2 is the height of the gentle slope section.

[0039] 2) Energy calculation: ; Where E is the impact energy, m= V, is the rock density, which is determined by indoor tests on collapsed rock blocks; V is the volume, which is calculated based on fracture investigation and 3D stereographic projection analysis. is the reflection speed of the falling rock at the last level of the slope.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the compensation formula of the self-adjusting anchor is: ; Among them, ΔL represents the deformation, k is the elastic coefficient of the rock mass, and the length change of the anchor is detected by geological radar and corrected in real time. 实测 is the actual measured stress, σ 安全 is the safety stress, and L0 is the original length of the anchor rod.

[0041] Specifically, if σ 实测 >σ 安全 , ΔL is a positive value, indicating that the deformation increases; if σ 实测 ≤σ 安全 , then ΔL≤0, indicating that it has not exceeded the safety range or there is no significant deformation.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the active capture unit includes: Multi-stage electromagnetic catapult track: driven by a segmented linear motor, with an initial ejection velocity of ≥200m / s; Flying net folding optimization design: folding ratio ≥ 1:20, coverage area 314m² after unfolding, radius 100m; Adaptive trajectory correction module: Based on real-time wind speed and rockfall motion physical data, the flight trajectory of the flying net is adjusted through micro-thrusters on the edge of the flying net, with a correction accuracy of ≤0.3m.

[0043] The active capture and high-energy dynamic interception rockfall protection system of the embodiment of the present application has the following characteristics: 1. Ultra-high energy level protection: The maximum interception energy level reaches 5000kJ (more than three times that of traditional passive nets), and can withstand the impact of a rock with a diameter of 3m at a speed of 40m / s; 2. Active and precise capture: Flying net coverage accuracy is ≤0.5m with a radial error, and the capture rate is increased to 92%; 3. Self-healing and low maintenance: Damage repair rate ≥ 85%, maintenance cycle extended to 10 years; 4. Protection range: The ejection coverage range is increased to 100m.

[0044] 5. Continuous ejection: can eject 6 times continuously.

[0045] 6. Eco-friendly: Using micro anchors (diameter ≤ 50mm) for zero excavation construction, the vegetation restoration period is shortened by 90%.

[0046] 7. The maintenance cycle is increased and the number of repairs is reduced: the flying net or interception net can be repaired and replaced once every 5 years or so.

[0047] 8. Emergency response time is greatly reduced: protection deployment can be completed within 5 minutes.

[0048] 9. This system will reshape the paradigm of geological disaster prevention and control, promote the transformation of protection projects from "static defense" to "dynamic intelligent defense", and provide a new generation of solutions for the safety of mountain infrastructure.

[0049] 10. The system will establish a standardized protection energy level calculation model under extreme climate conditions and its large-scale application.

[0050] In one possible implementation, adjusting the flight trajectory of the flying net using micro-propellers at the edge of the flying net based on real-time wind speed and rockfall motion physical data includes: A1. Obtain the wind direction of real-time wind speed and extract the direction of rockfall from the physical data of rockfall; A2. determining a predicted direction of rockfall based on the rockfall movement direction and the wind direction; A3, and determining a predicted rockfall speed value based on the real-time wind speed value and the speed value in the rockfall motion physical data; A4. Predicting a rockfall trajectory using the predicted direction, the predicted speed value, and the real-time wind speed to obtain a predicted rockfall trajectory; A5. Adjust the flight trajectory of the flying net through the micro-thrusters at the edge of the flying net based on the predicted rockfall trajectory.

[0051] Real-time wind speed includes both wind speed and wind direction. Wind direction affects the direction of falling rocks, and even significantly alters their trajectory at high wind speeds. Therefore, the wind direction and wind speed can be combined to determine the predicted direction and speed of the falling rock. Specifically, these can be determined using velocity superposition formulas.

[0052] The collected real-time wind speed historical data can be used to determine wind speed change information. Based on the wind speed change information, a wind speed change curve for a subsequent period of time is generated. Based on the wind speed change curve, the predicted direction, and the predicted speed value, a rockfall prediction trajectory is generated.

[0053] Specifically, the predicted direction at the current moment and the predicted speed value can be used as the movement direction and initial speed value at the initial moment of the predicted rockfall trajectory, and then the gravity acceleration and the wind speed change curve are combined to generate a speed change curve associated with the wind speed change curve; the predicted rockfall trajectory is generated according to the speed change curve and the initial position. After the predicted rockfall trajectory is calculated, the predicted rockfall trajectory can be updated in real time. Specifically, the above-mentioned trajectory prediction method can be used to implement the prediction update to obtain a real-time predicted rockfall trajectory. After obtaining the predicted rockfall trajectory, the flight trajectory of the flying net can be adjusted according to the trajectory to ensure that the flying net can intercept the rockfall. When intercepting rockfall, four layers of interception nets can be used for interception. The four layers of interception nets correspond to different interception capabilities. After obtaining the rockfall trajectory, a tiered interception method can be used for interception, or the energy and trajectory of the rockfall can be adapted to select the corresponding interception net for interception to improve the accuracy of interception.

[0054] It should be noted that for the aforementioned method embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all expressed as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should be aware that this application is not limited by the order of the actions described, because according to this application, certain steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also be aware that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by this application.

[0055] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own focus. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0056] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units can be electrical or other forms.

[0057] The above is a detailed introduction to the embodiments of the present application. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A rockfall protection system with active capture and high-level dynamic interception, characterized in that: The system includes: a support unit, a gradient interception unit, an active capture unit, an intelligent control unit, and a self-healing repair unit, wherein: The support unit is horizontally arranged on the high-strength composite cable on both sides of the dangerous rock. The two ends of the cable are fixed by anchor rods or anchor cables. The anchor rods or anchor cables have built-in optical fiber sensors to monitor stress changes in real time. The support unit can be set up in multiple layers along the direction of rockfall. Its number is N. ij， Where i represents the i-th cable, j represents the j-th vertical cable of the i-th cable; the gradient interception network can be ij The cables move between different cable layers and different cable paths to intercept falling rocks with different movement trajectories; The gradient interception unit is arranged along the cable, and the gradient interception unit includes i-channel and j-layer interception nets; The active capture unit is located in the electromagnetic catapult flying net device on both sides of the dangerous rock. It has a built-in Kevlar-carbon nanotube composite flying net with a launch radius of 100m and a response time of ≤0.8 seconds. The edge of the electromagnetic catapult flying net device is equipped with a negative pressure adsorption ring and a damping buffer winch. The adsorption force of the negative pressure adsorption ring is ≥0.8MPa. An intelligent control unit integrates 3D lidar, infrared thermal imaging, and microseismic sensor data to build a BIM+GIS 3D geological model. It uses machine learning and edge computing to predict rockfall trajectories with a prediction error of ≤0.5m and dynamically selects either a flying net interception mode or a gradient interception mode. The self-healing repair unit is arranged in the interception net, and includes a microcurrent responsive shape memory polymer and a microcapsule repair agent.

2. The active capture and high-energy dynamic interception rockfall protection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gradient interception unit includes i interception networks, i=4, including: The first interception net is made of aramid woven mesh, and the interception energy range is (50 kJ, 300 kJ); The second interception net is made of carbon fiber-titanium alloy composite net, with an interception energy range of (300 kJ, 800 kJ); The third interception net is made of UHMWPE fiber-reinforced mesh, with an interception energy range of (800 kJ, 1500 kJ); The material of the fourth interception net includes carbon nanotube-shear thickening gel composite net, and the interception energy range is (1500 kJ, 5000 kJ). The fourth interception net adopts bionic fractal structure and controllable collapse design.

3. The active capture and high-energy dynamic interception rockfall protection system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fourth interception net includes a carbon nanotube fiber woven matrix, a shear thickening gel layer and a three-dimensional titanium alloy honeycomb skeleton, wherein: Carbon nanotube fiber woven matrix, surface density ≤5kg / m²; Shear thickening gel layer, normal viscosity is 500Pa·s, and the viscosity rises to 104Pa·s when impacted; The three-dimensional titanium alloy honeycomb skeleton disperses impact energy through the collapse point design.

4. The active capture and high-energy dynamic interception rockfall protection system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The active capture unit is specifically used for: The flying net is triggered when the impact energy of the falling rock is less than or equal to 2000kJ; The flying net captures the fallen rocks and then slowly lowers them to the ground via a winch; When the impact energy is greater than 2000kJ, the flying net automatically detaches and activates the gradient interception net in the gradient interception unit.

5. The active capture and high-energy dynamic interception rockfall protection system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The compensation formula of the self-adjusting anchor is: ； Among them, ΔL represents the deformation, k is the elastic coefficient of the rock mass, and the length change of the anchor is detected by geological radar and corrected in real time. 实测 is the actual measured stress, σ 安全 is the safety stress, and L0 is the original length of the anchor rod.

6. The active capture and high-energy dynamic interception rockfall protection system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The active capture unit includes: Multi-stage electromagnetic catapult track: driven by a segmented linear motor, with an initial ejection velocity of ≥200m / s; Flying net folding optimization design: folding ratio ≥ 1:20, coverage area 314m² after unfolding, radius 100m; Adaptive trajectory correction module: Based on real-time wind speed and rockfall motion physical data, the flight trajectory of the flying net is adjusted through micro-thrusters on the edge of the flying net, with a correction accuracy of ≤0.3m.

7. The active capture and high-energy dynamic interception rockfall protection system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The method of adjusting the flight trajectory of the flying net by using micro-propellers at the edge of the flying net based on real-time wind speed and rockfall motion physical data includes: Obtain real-time wind speed and direction, and extract rockfall direction from rockfall physical data; Determining a predicted direction of rockfall based on the rockfall movement direction and the wind direction; and determining a predicted rockfall speed value based on the real-time wind speed value and the speed value in the rockfall motion physical data; Determine a trajectory prediction for the falling rock using the predicted direction, the predicted speed value, and the real-time wind speed to obtain a predicted rockfall trajectory; Based on the predicted rockfall trajectory, the flight trajectory of the flying net is adjusted by micro-propellers at the edge of the flying net.

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