Saw vibration ash removal type air pre-heater

Abstract

The invention provides a saw vibration ash removal type air pre-heater, and relates to the technical field of air pre-heaters, the saw vibration ash removal type air pre-heater comprises an air pre-heater body and an ash removal mechanism, the ash removal mechanism comprises two cross beams, a plurality of sawtooth plates, a fixing frame, a vibration mechanism and a moving mechanism, the top of the air pre-heater body is provided with an I-shaped steel guide rail, and the I-shaped steel guide rail is arranged on the air pre-heater body. The multiple sawtooth plates are slidably installed between the two cross beams, the same connecting column is inserted into the multiple sawtooth plates, the vibration mechanism comprises a linear vibration motor, a connecting frame and a U-shaped frame, closed-loop control is achieved through a speed and resistance double-feedback mechanism, and the self-adaptive capacity of the system to complex working conditions is remarkably enhanced; when the rotating speed of the roller is increased, the first pressure sensor senses the centrifugal force change in real time and adjusts the frequency of the linear vibration motor in a linkage mode, and it is ensured that efficient dust removal is maintained during high-speed movement of the sawtooth plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of air preheaters, in particular to a saw-vibration dust-cleaning type air preheater. Background Art

[0002] As the core heat exchange equipment of the boiler system, the air preheater is prone to accumulation of ash and scale in the gaps between the heat exchange tubes during long-term operation, resulting in a decrease in heat exchange efficiency and an increase in flue resistance. Traditional cleaning methods such as mechanical scrapers are prone to jamming or breaking due to sudden changes in resistance, while sonic soot blowing has the disadvantages of insufficient cleaning of dead corners and high energy consumption. Although existing vibration cleaning devices can increase the cleaning range, their vibration parameters and movement speeds are often fixed or open-loop controlled, and cannot adapt to differences in dust distribution: the cleaning efficiency is low at low speeds, the vibration intensity is insufficient at high speeds, resulting in residual ash and scale, and a sudden increase in resistance is more likely to cause overload and damage to the transmission components. The lack of control strategy under such dynamic conditions seriously restricts the continuous operation performance and reliability of the air preheater.

[0003] Therefore, we proposed a saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater, which realizes dynamic load sensing and dual-motor closed-loop adaptive control functions through a centrifugal sliding mechanism combined with a spiral transmission mechanism, and solves the problems of cleaning blind spots, mechanism jamming and energy consumption out of control caused by the delayed response to speed and resistance changes in traditional cleaning devices.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A saw-vibration ash-cleaning air preheater comprises an air preheater body and an ash-cleaning mechanism, the ash-cleaning mechanism comprising two crossbeams, a plurality of serrated plates, a fixed frame, a vibrating mechanism, and a moving mechanism. An I-beam guide rail is provided on the top of the air preheater body, the plurality of serrated plates are slidably mounted between the two crossbeams, and a common connecting column is inserted into the plurality of serrated plates. The vibrating mechanism comprises a linear vibration motor, a connecting frame, and a U-shaped frame, the connecting frame being sleeved on the outside of the connecting column. The moving mechanism includes: a roller, a bracket, a rotating shaft and a driven gear. A driving mechanism is provided on the top of the moving mechanism. A monitoring mechanism is provided on the top of the driving mechanism. The driving mechanism includes: a driving motor, a rotating frame, a spiral column, a driving shaft, a first sliding ring and a second sliding ring.

[0006] Preferably, a mounting plate is fixedly mounted on one side of the drive motor, the mounting plate is fixedly mounted between the two crossbeams, the rotating frame is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the drive motor, the first sliding ring and the second sliding ring are both slidably sleeved on the outside of the rotating frame, a plurality of arc-shaped connecting rods are hingedly mounted inside the first sliding ring, a sliding frame is hingedly mounted on the other end of the arc-shaped connecting rod, a plurality of slide rails are fixedly mounted inside the rotating frame, and the slide frames are slidably sleeved on the outsides of the corresponding slide rails; The spiral column is fixedly installed on one end of the drive shaft, a positioning plate is fixedly installed between the two beams, the drive shaft is rotatably installed in the positioning plate, and a driving gear is fixedly installed on the other end of the drive shaft. The driving gear and the driven gear are engaged with each other. A plurality of spiral strips are integrally formed on the outer side of the spiral column, and a plurality of spiral grooves adapted to the spiral strips are opened on the inner side of the second sliding ring.

[0007] Preferably, the monitoring mechanism includes: a fixed frame, a first sliding frame, a second sliding frame, a first pressure sensor and two second pressure sensors, the fixed frame is fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting plate, the first sliding frame and the second sliding frame are both slidably mounted on the outside of the fixed frame, the first sliding frame has two first abutment wheels rotatably mounted inside, the two first abutment wheels respectively abut on both sides of the first sliding ring, the second sliding frame has two second abutment wheels rotatably mounted inside, the two second abutment wheels respectively abut on both sides of the second sliding ring, the first pressure sensor and the two second pressure sensors are both fixedly mounted in the fixed frame, the other end of the first pressure sensor is movably abutted against the first sliding frame, the other end of the second pressure sensor is fixedly mounted with a damper and a connecting spring, the other ends of the connecting spring and damper on the same side are fixedly mounted with the same abutment plate, and the two abutment plates respectively abut on both sides of the second sliding frame.

[0008] Preferably, a base plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the U-shaped frame by bolts, the U-shaped frame and the base plate are respectively abutted against the upper and lower sides of the beam, a third pressure sensor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting frame, the linear vibration motor is fixedly installed on the top of the U-shaped frame, and the output end of the linear vibration motor is fixedly installed on the top of the third pressure sensor.

[0009] Preferably, the bracket is fixedly installed between the two beams, the rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the bracket, the driven gear and the roller are fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft, the roller is rotatably installed on the top of the corresponding I-beam guide rail, the fixed frame is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the two beams, and the I-beam guide rail, fixed frame, vibration mechanism and moving mechanism are all arranged in multiple groups.

[0010] Preferably, the dust cleaning mechanism is arranged into several groups, and a connecting beam is fixedly installed between two adjacent fixed frames, and a controller is arranged on the top of one of the connecting beams.

[0011] Preferably, the air preheater body comprises: two side plates, a partition plate and a plurality of heat exchange tubes, the heat exchange tubes are fixedly installed between the two side plates, and the heat exchange tubes pass through the partition plate.

[0012] Preferably, a limiting plate is fixedly installed on the inner side of the crossbeam, a plurality of serrations are provided on one side of the serrated plate, limiting grooves are provided on the top of both sides of the serrated plate, the limiting plate is slidably installed in the limiting groove, a long hole is provided on the front side of the fixed frame, and the connecting column passes through the long hole.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention realizes closed-loop control through a dual feedback mechanism of speed and resistance, which significantly enhances the system's adaptability to complex working conditions. When the roller rotation speed increases, the first pressure sensor senses the change in centrifugal force in real time and adjusts the linear vibration motor frequency in conjunction to ensure that the serrated plate maintains efficient dust cleaning during high-speed movement. When the dust resistance suddenly increases, the second pressure sensor detects the resistance signal and simultaneously reduces the drive motor speed and increases the vibration frequency, which not only avoids damage to the mechanism due to jamming, but also enhances the cleaning depth of areas with serious dust accumulation. This dynamic adjustment strategy significantly reduces the risk of mechanical overload while ensuring thorough cleaning, and is particularly suitable for heat exchange environments with uneven dust distribution, extending the continuous operation cycle of the air preheater. (2) The present invention uses a linear vibration motor to drive the high-frequency vertical vibration of the sawtooth plate, which is combined with the horizontal movement driven by the roller to form a composite cleaning trajectory; the linear vibration frequency is adaptively increased with the roller speed, so that the sawtooth can still penetrate into the gap between the heat exchange tubes to peel off the plate dust during high-speed translation; the resistance trigger mechanism further adjusts the vibration speed to ensure that the thick dust layer is efficiently broken and removed; this intelligent coupling of horizontal and vertical motion solves the cleaning blind spot problem caused by the single-degree-of-freedom motion of traditional scraping devices, and is particularly suitable for high-density tube bundle structures, with the cleaning coverage rate and dust removal rate being improved simultaneously; (3) The present invention converts the roller speed into the horizontal displacement of the first sliding ring through a centrifugal force mechanical structure, and feeds back the speed information with a pressure signal without delay. At the same time, the sawtooth resistance is converted into the axial movement of the second sliding ring by a spiral sub-mechanism, accurately quantifying the dust load. Two sets of pressure sensors directly capture the mechanical displacement signal without the need for an external tachometer or force sensor, which simplifies the structure and avoids electrical interference. The controller adjusts the dual motor parameters in real time according to the physical signal to ensure that the speed and vibration frequency always match the actual cleaning requirements, forming a highly robust full mechanical closed-loop control link. (4) The resistance response mechanism actively reduces speed and load when abnormal load is detected, preventing deformation of the serrated plate or fatigue fracture of the transmission mechanism; the vibration intensity distribution strategy based on demand avoids energy consumption of the linear motor due to air vibration, reducing equipment wear; at the same time, the pressure sensor's predictive response to overload replaces traditional manual inspections and emergency fault repairs, significantly reducing the frequency of downtime; the entire machine adopts modular guide rail installation and grouped cleaning units, and local damage can be quickly replaced, significantly reducing maintenance costs; this design is particularly suitable for high-ash fuel conditions and can maintain long-term stable operation in harsh environments; In summary, the present invention has the advantages of achieving dual advantages of performance optimization and mechanism protection through dynamic closed-loop adaptive control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic side sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the dust cleaning mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the dust cleaning mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the vibration mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dust cleaning mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a top view and cross-section of the dust cleaning mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 A partial enlarged view of part A; Figure 9 This is a schematic side cross-sectional view of the dust cleaning mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the driving mechanism and monitoring mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the monitoring mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the driving mechanism and the monitoring mechanism of the present invention; Figure 13 for Figure 12 A partial enlarged view of part B; Figure 14 for Figure 12 A partial enlarged view of part C in the middle; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the driving mechanism and the moving mechanism proposed in the present invention; Figure 16This is a schematic diagram of the exploded three-dimensional structure of the crossbeam and serrated plate proposed in the present invention.

[0015] The accompanying drawings of the present application are as follows: 1. air preheater body; 101. side plate; 102. partition; 103. heat exchange tube; 2. crossbeam; 201. limit plate; 202. positioning plate; 3. serrated plate; 301. limit groove; 4. vibration mechanism; 401. U-shaped frame; 402. bottom plate; 403. bolt; 404. linear vibration motor; 405. third pressure sensor; 406. connecting frame; 5. fixing frame; 6. moving mechanism; 601. roller; 602. rotating shaft; 603. bracket; 604. driven gear; 7. driving mechanism; 701. driving shaft; 702. spiral column; 7021. spiral 703, driving motor; 704, mounting plate; 705, rotating frame; 706, second sliding ring; 707, first sliding ring; 708, arc-shaped connecting rod; 709, sliding frame; 710, sliding rail; 711, driving gear; 8, monitoring mechanism; 801, fixed frame; 802, first sliding frame; 803, first abutment wheel; 804, first pressure sensor; 805, second sliding frame; 806, second abutment wheel; 807, abutment plate; 808, connecting spring; 809, damper; 810, second pressure sensor; 9, connecting column; 10, connecting beam; 11, controller; 12, I-beam guide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0018] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0019] Example 1: Figure 1-16 As shown, this embodiment provides a saw-vibration cleaning type air preheater, including: an air preheater body 1 and a cleaning mechanism, the cleaning mechanism includes: two beams 2, multiple serrated plates 3, a fixed frame 5 and a vibration mechanism 4, an I-beam guide rail 12 is provided on the top of the air preheater body 1, multiple serrated plates 3 are slidably installed between the two beams 2, and the same connecting column 9 is inserted into the multiple serrated plates 3, and the vibration mechanism 4 includes: a linear vibration motor 404, a connecting frame 406 and a U-shaped frame 401, and the connecting frame 406 is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column 9.

[0020] In this embodiment, a base plate 402 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the U-shaped frame 401 by bolts 403, and the U-shaped frame 401 and the base plate 402 are respectively abutted against the upper and lower sides of the beam 2, and a third pressure sensor 405 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the connecting frame 406, and a linear vibration motor 404 is fixedly installed at the top of the U-shaped frame 401, and the output end of the linear vibration motor 404 is fixedly installed at the top of the third pressure sensor 405. The linear vibration motor 404 can be started to drive the connecting frame 406 to vibrate up and down, and then drive multiple serrated plates 3 to move up and down through the connecting column 9.

[0021] In this embodiment, the I-beam guide rails 12 , the fixing frame 5 and the vibration mechanism 4 are all provided in multiple groups.

[0022] In this embodiment, the dust cleaning mechanisms are arranged into several groups, and connecting beams 10 are fixedly installed between two adjacent fixing frames 5 . A controller 11 is provided on the top of one of the connecting beams 10 .

[0023] In this embodiment, Figure 1-2 As shown, the air preheater body 1 includes: two side plates 101, a partition 102 and a plurality of heat exchange tubes 103. The heat exchange tubes 103 are fixedly installed between the two side plates 101, and the heat exchange tubes 103 pass through the partition 102. The plurality of heat exchange tubes 103 are evenly arranged at equal intervals.

[0024] In this embodiment, a limiting plate 201 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the beam 2, a plurality of saw teeth are provided on one side of the serrated plate 3, and limiting grooves 301 are provided on the top of both sides of the serrated plate 3. The limiting plate 201 is slidably installed in the limiting grooves 301, thereby guiding the serrated plate 3. A long hole is provided on the front side of the fixed frame 5, and the connecting column 9 passes through the long hole, thereby facilitating the movement of the connecting column 9.

[0025] Example 2: Figure 10-15 , wherein the same or corresponding components as those in the first embodiment are designated by the corresponding reference numerals in the first embodiment. For simplicity, only the differences from the first embodiment are described below. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the dust cleaning mechanism further includes a moving mechanism 6, which includes a roller 601, a bracket 603, a rotating shaft 602, and a driven gear 604. A driving mechanism 7 is disposed on top of the moving mechanism 6, and a monitoring mechanism 8 is disposed on top of the driving mechanism 7. The driving mechanism 7 includes a driving motor 703, a rotating frame 705, a spiral column 702, a driving shaft 701, a first sliding ring 707, and a second sliding ring 706.

[0026] In this embodiment, a mounting plate 704 is fixedly installed on one side of the drive motor 703, and the mounting plate 704 is fixedly installed between the two crossbeams 2. The rotating frame 705 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the drive motor 703. The first sliding ring 707 and the second sliding ring 706 are both slidably sleeved on the outside of the rotating frame 705. The interior of the first sliding ring 707 is hinged with a plurality of arc-shaped connecting rods 708, and the other end of the arc-shaped connecting rod 708 is hinged with a sliding frame 709. A plurality of slide rails 710 are fixedly installed in the rotating frame 705, and the slide frames 709 are slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding slide rails 710. The spiral column 702 is fixedly installed on one end of the drive shaft 701, and a positioning plate 202 is fixedly installed between the two beams 2. The drive shaft 701 is rotatably installed in the positioning plate 202. The other end of the drive shaft 701 is fixedly installed with a driving gear 711. The driving gear 711 is engaged with the driven gear 604. A plurality of spiral strips 7021 are integrally formed on the outer side of the spiral column 702, and a plurality of spiral grooves adapted to the spiral strips 7021 are opened on the inner side of the second sliding ring 706.

[0027] In this embodiment, Figure 11 、 13As shown, the monitoring mechanism 8 includes: a fixed frame 801, a first sliding frame 802, a second sliding frame 805, a first pressure sensor 804 and two second pressure sensors 810. The fixed frame 801 is fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting plate 704. The first sliding frame 802 and the second sliding frame 805 are both slidably mounted on the outside of the fixed frame 801. Two first abutting wheels 803 are rotatably mounted inside the first sliding frame 802. The two first abutting wheels 803 abut against both sides of the first sliding ring 707 respectively. The second sliding frame 805 is rotatably mounted inside the second sliding frame 805. 06, the two second abutment wheels 806 abut against the two sides of the second sliding ring 706 respectively, the first pressure sensor 804 and the two second pressure sensors 810 are fixedly installed in the fixed frame 801, the other end of the first pressure sensor 804 is movably abutted against the first sliding frame 802, and the other end of the second pressure sensor 810 is fixedly installed with a damper 809 and a connecting spring 808, and the other ends of the connecting spring 808 and the damper 809 on the same side are fixedly installed with the same abutment plate 807, and the two abutment plates 807 abut against the two sides of the second sliding frame 805 respectively.

[0028] The bracket 603 is fixedly installed between the two beams 2, the rotating shaft 602 is rotatably installed in the bracket 603, the driven gear 604 and the roller 601 are fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft 602, the roller 601 is rotatably installed on the top of the corresponding I-beam guide rail 12, the fixed frame 5 is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the two beams 2, and the moving mechanism 6 is set into multiple groups.

[0029] Working steps: Step 1: Install the I-beam guide rail 12 on the top of the air preheater body 1, and then install the dust cleaning mechanism on the I-beam guide rail 12; Step 2: Start the drive motor 703 to rotate the rotating frame 705 and the second sliding ring 706. The second sliding ring 706 drives the spiral column 702, the driving shaft 701 and the driving gear 711 to rotate by cooperating with the spiral strip 7021. The second sliding ring 706 drives the rotating shaft 602 and the roller 601 to rotate by meshing with the driven gear 604, so that the roller 601 rolls on the top of the I-beam guide rail 12, controlling the movement of the multiple serrated plates 3 to scrape the dust in the gaps between the heat exchange tubes 103. Step 3: Start the linear vibration motor 404 to drive the connecting frame 406 to vibrate up and down. The connecting frame 406 drives the multiple connecting columns 9 to vibrate up and down, and drives the serrated plate 3 to vibrate up and down, thereby improving the dust cleaning effect through the multiple saw teeth; In step 4, the rotating frame 705 drives the first sliding ring 707 and multiple sliding frames 709 to rotate during rotation. The sliding frame 709 is thrown outward under the action of centrifugal force, and drives the first sliding ring 707 to move to the side away from the driving motor 703 through the arc connecting rod 708, and pushes the first sliding frame 802 to squeeze the first pressure sensor 804 through the abutment with the first abutment wheel 803. The greater the rotation speed of the rotating frame 705, the greater the horizontal movement distance of the first sliding frame 709 ring, thereby the greater the squeezing force on the first pressure sensor 804. The pressure change is monitored by the first pressure sensor 804, so that the rotation speed of the roller 601 can be determined. The controller 11 adjusts the vibration frequency of the linear vibration motor 404 according to the rotation speed of the roller 601. When the rotation speed increases, the vibration frequency of the vibration motor increases. Step five: when the serrated plate 3 encounters resistance from dust during movement, it is converted into rotational resistance of the spiral column 702, causing relative rotation between the spiral column 702 and the rotating frame 705, and then the second sliding ring 706 is driven to move horizontally through the cooperation of the spiral bar 7021 and the second sliding ring 706, and through the squeezing with the corresponding abutment wheel, the connecting spring 808 is squeezed, and the second pressure sensor 810 is pressurized, so that the resistance encountered by the serrated plate 3 is monitored through the second pressure sensor 810. When the resistance increases, the controller 11 controls the speed of the drive motor 703 to decrease and controls the frequency of the linear vibration motor 404 to increase, so as to ensure that the dusty areas are thoroughly cleaned.

[0030] In this embodiment, the control function relationship between the frequency of the linear vibration motor 404 (denoted as f, unit: Hz) and the speed of the drive motor 703 (denoted as n, unit: rad / s) can be mathematically formalized, and the control logic of the controller 11 can be based on two key feedback mechanisms: First pressure sensor 804 (p1): Monitors the rotational speed of roller 601 (proportional to n) and converts the speed into a pressure signal through centrifugal force. The measured value p1 reflects the current rotational speed (denoted as v), where v ∝ p1. Controller 11 adjusts f based on v: as the rotational speed increases, the vibration frequency increases.

[0031] The second pressure sensor 810 (p2) monitors the dust resistance (denoted as r) applied to the serrated plate 3. The resistance is proportional to the pressure signal (r∝p2). The controller 11 adjusts n and f based on r: when the resistance increases, n decreases and f increases.

[0032] The control goal is to achieve closed-loop regulation to ensure optimal cleaning results under different operating conditions (such as changes in the degree of dust accumulation): increase vibration at high speeds or when there is a lot of dust, and reduce speed when there is high resistance to avoid damage to the mechanism and ensure thorough cleaning.

[0033] 1. Velocity Feedback (Step 4): As the rotational velocity v increases, f should increase to match the motion state. Assume f is proportional to v: f ∝ v.

[0034] 2. Resistance feedback (step 5): When resistance r increases, n should decrease to reduce mechanical stress, and f should increase to enhance the cleaning effect. Therefore: n is negatively correlated with r: n∝-r.

[0035] f is positively correlated with r: f∝r.

[0036] In combination with the above, the frequency f of the linear vibration motor 404 depends on the rotation speed v and the resistance r, while the speed n of the drive motor 703 mainly depends on the resistance r. Using a linear model (proportional control), the set point function is: f=K v v+K r r+K f n=K n -K d r in: v is the measured value of the rotation speed of the roller 601, which is obtained by the first pressure sensor 804 (v=c1p1, c1 is a conversion constant).

[0037] r is the measured value of the resistance of the serrated plate 3 , obtained by the second pressure sensor 810 (r=c 2 p 2 , c 2 is a conversion constant).

[0038] K v： Speed ​​feedback gain (positive number), which indicates the weight of the speed's influence on the vibration frequency.

[0039] K r： Resistance feedback gain (positive number) indicates the weight of the influence of resistance on vibration frequency.

[0040] K f： Bias constant of the vibration frequency (fundamental frequency).

[0041] K n： Bias constant for the speed of the drive motor 703 (maximum speed, when resistance is zero).

[0042] K d： Resistance feedback gain (positive number) indicates the weight of the influence of resistance on speed.

[0043] All gains (K v , K r , K f , K n , K d ) needs to be determined through system calibration to ensure dynamic performance and stability.

[0044] The controller 11 processes the sensor input in real time and updates the output set value: 1. Input: p1 (the value of the first pressure sensor 804), calculate v = c1p1. Here, p1∝n (because centrifugal force is related to speed), c1 can be calibrated from mechanical parameters.

[0045] p2 (the value of the second pressure sensor 810), calculate r = c2p2. Here, p2 ∝ resistance, c2 can be calibrated from the spring and lever mechanism.

[0046] 2. Control logic: Based on the current v and r, calculate the new set point: f set =K v v+K r r+K f n set =K n -K d r When v increases (such as the cleaning mechanism moves faster), f set Increased to meet the cleaning needs at higher speeds.

[0047] When r increases (such as dust accumulation becomes thicker), n set Reduce (slow down to reduce resistance), while f set Increase (increases vibration for better cleaning).

[0048] 3. Output: n set The signal is sent to the controller 11 (such as a frequency converter) of the drive motor 703 to adjust the speed.

[0049] f set The signal is sent to the controller 11 of the linear vibration motor 404 to adjust the frequency.

[0050] 4. Closed-loop characteristics: The system continuously monitors p1 and p2, updates v and r in real time, and adjusts n and f to form a negative feedback loop. For example: In the low resistance area (r≈0), n≈Kn (high speed operation), f≈K v v+K (velocity dominant frequency).

[0051] In the high resistance area (r is large), n decreases (n <K n ), f increases (f>K v v+K f ), avoid mechanical jams and enhance dust removal.

[0052] The controller 11 may fine-tune the gain via PID or other algorithms to handle noise and delay.

[0053] Gain Calibration Recommendations Parameter range: Gain should be determined based on the specific mechanism design. For example: K v : Make f increase smoothly as v changes to avoid excessive vibration. This can be used to test the reasonable upper limit of f at maximum speed.

[0054] K r and K d : Set the resistance threshold. When r exceeds the set value, n is significantly reduced and f is increased. Calibration method: Test under a known dust load to optimize cleaning efficiency and motor load.

[0055] K f and K n : Set the baseline value based on the no-load experiment (such as the initial value in steps 2 and 3).

[0056] Stability: Ensure K d Large enough to respond to resistance changes, but not so large as to cause oscillations; similarly, K v and K r Coordinate to avoid frequency overshoot.

[0057] In this embodiment, when the pressure values ​​monitored by multiple second pressure sensors differ significantly or fluctuate significantly, the controller can determine the roller slippage and the movement stability of the cleaning mechanism based on the deviation value. If the pressure difference between sensors in symmetrical positions is persistently excessive, it indicates insufficient friction between the roller and the guide rail or an imbalance in load distribution, leading to some roller slippage. If the pressure values ​​fluctuate at a high frequency, it indicates that the mechanism is subject to intermittent resistance impact and its movement trajectory is unstable. The controller immediately triggers the fault-tolerant mechanism, proactively reducing the drive motor speed, reducing the torque load on the slipping roller, increasing the linear vibration motor frequency in the abnormal pressure area, breaking up the localized ash layer to balance the resistance distribution. If the fluctuation exceeds the safety threshold, the faulty unit is paused and the adjacent mechanism is linked to take over the cleaning task. Simultaneously, the first pressure sensor data (speed feedback) is verified. If the actual centrifugal force does not match the drive speed, slippage is further confirmed. Vibration diffusion is suppressed through the mechanical constraint of the connecting beam. This converts pressure fluctuations into predictive control signals, proactively correcting slippage and instability without shutting down the machine, significantly improving cleaning continuity and mechanism reliability. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A saw-vibration dust-cleaning type air preheater, comprising an air preheater body (1), characterized in that: Also includes: A dust cleaning mechanism, the dust cleaning mechanism comprising: two crossbeams (2), a plurality of sawtooth plates (3), a fixed frame (5), a vibration mechanism (4) and a moving mechanism (6); an I-beam guide rail (12) is provided on the top of the air preheater body (1); the plurality of sawtooth plates (3) are slidably mounted between the two crossbeams (2); the plurality of sawtooth plates (3) are internally connected with a same connecting column (9); the vibration mechanism (4) comprises: a linear vibration motor (404), a connecting frame (406) and a U-shaped frame (401); the connecting frame (406) is sleeved on the outside of the connecting column (9); The moving mechanism (6) comprises: a roller (601), a bracket (603), a rotating shaft (602) and a driven gear (604); a driving mechanism (7) is provided on the top of the moving mechanism (6); a monitoring mechanism (8) is provided on the top of the driving mechanism (7); the driving mechanism (7) comprises: a driving motor (703), a rotating frame (705), a spiral column (702), a driving shaft (701), a first sliding ring (707) and a second sliding ring (706).

2. The saw vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A mounting plate (704) is fixedly mounted on one side of the driving motor (703), the mounting plate (704) is fixedly mounted between the two crossbeams (2), the rotating frame (705) is fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the driving motor (703), the first sliding ring (707) and the second sliding ring (706) are both slidably sleeved on the outside of the rotating frame (705), a plurality of arc-shaped connecting rods (708) are hingedly connected inside the first sliding ring (707), the other end of the arc-shaped connecting rod (708) is hingedly connected to a sliding frame (709), a plurality of slide rails (710) are fixedly mounted inside the rotating frame (705), and the slide frame (709) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the corresponding slide rails (710); The spiral column (702) is fixedly mounted on one end of the drive shaft (701), a positioning plate (202) is fixedly mounted between the two cross beams (2), the drive shaft (701) is rotatably mounted in the positioning plate (202), a driving gear (711) is fixedly mounted on the other end of the drive shaft (701), the driving gear (711) and the driven gear (604) are meshed with each other, a plurality of spiral strips (7021) are integrally formed on the outer side of the spiral column (702), and a plurality of spiral grooves adapted to the spiral strips (7021) are opened on the inner side of the second sliding ring (706).

3. The saw vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring mechanism (8) comprises: a fixed frame (801), a first sliding frame (802), a second sliding frame (805), a first pressure sensor (804) and two second pressure sensors (810), wherein the fixed frame (801) is fixedly mounted on one side of the mounting plate (704), the first sliding frame (802) and the second sliding frame (805) are both slidably mounted on the outside of the fixed frame (801), the first sliding frame (802) is internally rotatably mounted with two first abutting wheels (803), the two first abutting wheels (803) respectively abutting against two sides of the first sliding ring (707), the second sliding frame (805) is internally rotatably mounted with two second abutting wheels ( 806), the two second abutting wheels (806) are respectively abutted against the two sides of the second sliding ring (706), the first pressure sensor (804) and the two second pressure sensors (810) are fixedly installed in the fixed frame (801), the other end of the first pressure sensor (804) is movably abutted against the first sliding frame (802), the other end of the second pressure sensor (810) is fixedly installed with a damper (809) and a connecting spring (808), and the other ends of the connecting spring (808) and the damper (809) on the same side are fixedly installed with the same abutting plate (807), and the two abutting plates (807) are respectively abutted against the two sides of the second sliding frame (805).

4. The saw vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bottom plate (402) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the U-shaped frame (401) via bolts (403); the U-shaped frame (401) and the bottom plate (402) are respectively abutted against the upper and lower sides of the crossbeam (2); a third pressure sensor (405) is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the connecting frame (406); the linear vibration motor (404) is fixedly mounted on the top of the U-shaped frame (401); and an output end of the linear vibration motor (404) is fixedly mounted on the top of the third pressure sensor (405).

5. The saw vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket (603) is fixedly mounted between the two cross beams (2), the rotating shaft (602) is rotatably mounted in the bracket (603), the driven gear (604) and the roller (601) are both fixedly sleeved on the outside of the rotating shaft (602), the roller (601) is rotatably mounted on the top of the corresponding I-beam guide rail (12), the fixed frame (5) is fixedly sleeved on the outside of the two cross beams (2), and the I-beam guide rail (12), the fixed frame (5), the vibration mechanism (4) and the moving mechanism (6) are all arranged in multiple groups.

6. The saw vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust cleaning mechanism is arranged into several groups, and a connecting beam (10) is fixedly installed between two adjacent fixed frames (5), wherein a controller (11) is provided on the top of one of the connecting beams (10).

7. The saw vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air preheater body (1) comprises: two side plates (101), a partition plate (102) and a plurality of heat exchange tubes (103); the heat exchange tubes (103) are fixedly installed between the two side plates (101); and the heat exchange tubes (103) run through the partition plate (102).

8. The saw vibration cleaning type air preheater according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limit plate (201) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the crossbeam (2), a plurality of saw teeth are provided on one side of the sawtooth plate (3), and limit grooves (301) are provided on the tops of both sides of the sawtooth plate (3). The limit plate (201) is slidably installed in the limit grooves (301), and a long hole is provided on the front side of the fixed frame (5), and the connecting column (9) passes through the long hole.

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