Wind profile radar multi-mode detection system and detection method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological remote sensing detection, and discloses a wind profile radar multi-mode detection system and detection method. The wind profile radar multi-mode detection system comprises a mode control module which is used for storing a parameter library of low-mode detection parameters, medium-mode detection parameters and high-mode detection parameters, executing mode switching logic and generating control signals of pulse width and repetition period; the transmitting and receiving module is used for transmitting corresponding pulse signals according to the mode detection parameters, receiving echoes and realizing A / D conversion through high-speed acquisition; the data fusion module is used for carrying out time synchronization and overlapped region weighted fusion on the multi-mode detection data to generate continuous wind profile data; and the parameter optimization module is used for dynamically adjusting the detection parameters of each mode based on the real-time echo signal-to-noise ratio and the high resolution requirement. Through low, medium and high multi-mode cooperative detection, the contradiction between the height resolution and the detection height in single-mode detection is solved, and continuous high-precision detection of a full-height wind field from a boundary layer to a stratosphere is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of meteorological remote sensing detection technology, and in particular to a wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] As an important tool for atmospheric wind field detection, wind profiler radar has always faced a contradiction between detection height and resolution in its technological development. Traditional wind profiler radar systems usually operate in a single detection mode, which has obvious technical limitations in practical applications: While short-pulse mode achieves good altitude resolution (typically 75m), the maximum detection altitude typically does not exceed 3km due to limited transmission energy. This mode is insufficient for detecting wind fields in the mid- and upper-atmosphere regions. Conversely, long-pulse mode, while increasing the transmission energy to increase the detection altitude to over 10km, results in significantly reduced altitude resolution (typically 300m), and a corresponding increase in the minimum detection altitude, making it impossible to accurately detect wind fields in the low-altitude boundary layer.

[0003] Existing technologies make it difficult to address the diverse detection requirements of different atmospheric layers with a single detection mode. For the boundary layer between 0 and 1.5 km, high-resolution detection is required to obtain detailed wind field structure. For the troposphere between 1.5 and 10 km, a balance must be struck between resolution and detection altitude. And for the stratosphere above 10 km, effective detection under weak signal conditions is crucial. This technical limitation results in blind spots or discontinuous resolution in the acquired full-altitude wind profile data, seriously compromising the integrity and accuracy of the three-dimensional structure of the atmospheric wind field.

[0004] Most of the common wind profiler radar products on the market currently use single-mode detection solutions with fixed parameters, and are unable to dynamically adjust the working mode according to actual detection needs, which restricts their application in weather forecasting, aviation safety and other fields. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system and detection method. Through low, medium and high multi-mode collaborative detection, the contradiction between altitude resolution and detection altitude in traditional single-mode detection is resolved, and continuous high-precision detection of wind fields at all altitudes from the boundary layer to the stratosphere is achieved.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system is provided, comprising: a mode control module: a parameter library for storing low-mode detection parameters, medium-mode detection parameters, and high-mode detection parameters, executing mode switching logic, and generating control signals for pulse width and repetition period; a transmitting and receiving module, which transmits corresponding pulse signals according to the mode detection parameters and receives echoes to achieve A / D conversion through high-speed acquisition; a data fusion module, which performs time synchronization and weighted fusion of overlapping areas on multi-mode detection data to generate continuous wind profiler data; and a parameter optimization module, which dynamically adjusts the detection parameters of each mode based on real-time echo signal-to-noise ratio and height resolution requirements.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present invention, a wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method is also provided, which adopts the above-mentioned wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system, including the following steps: S100, setting the pulse width τ, pulse repetition period T and coherent averaging times N according to the mode requirements of low mode, medium mode and high mode respectively; S200, performing mode switching between low mode, medium mode and high mode; S300, using weighted averaging for the mode overlapping area data between low mode, medium mode and high mode to eliminate the discontinuity caused by mode switching.

[0008] Furthermore, the pulse repetition period T in step S100 is ≥ 2H max / c,H max is the maximum detection height, and c is the speed of light.

[0009] Furthermore, the coherent averaging times N in step S100 satisfies: max =λ / (4T·N); where V max is the maximum speed, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radar; when H max When the distance is 5km or less, V max =15m / s; when H max When the distance is more than 5 km, V max =20m / s.

[0010] Furthermore, the low mode is: pulse width ≤ 0.5μs, altitude resolution is 75m, minimum detection altitude ≤ 150m, maximum detection altitude is 3km, which is suitable for fine detection of the boundary layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the medium mode has a pulse width of 0.5μs-2μs, uses pulse compression technology, has a height resolution of 150m, and covers a detection height of 3km-6km, and is used to connect the low mode and the high mode.

[0012] Furthermore, the high mode is: pulse width ≥ 2μs, altitude resolution 300m, maximum detection altitude ≥ 6km, suitable for detection in the upper troposphere and stratosphere.

[0013] Furthermore, the mode overlap areas between the low mode, medium mode and high mode are: the detection height range overlap of adjacent modes is ≥500m, ensuring seamless connection of wind profile data.

[0014] Furthermore, the mode switching logic in step S200 is: time-triggered switching, low mode, medium mode and high mode are cyclically switched in sequence at preset time intervals; and / or threshold-triggered switching, when the current mode detection echo signal-to-noise ratio is less than 5dB, it automatically switches to the adjacent mode to supplement the detection; and / or actively triggered switching, dynamically adjusting the detection mode according to meteorological events.

[0015] Furthermore, the wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method further includes: S400, detection mode optimization; Step S400 detection mode optimization specifically includes: S401, height resolution and detection height balance algorithm, according to formula H max ∝τ·Et and ΔH∝τ, where E t is the emission energy, ΔH is the height resolution, and a three-dimensional optimization model of pulse width, detection height and height resolution is established, and the optimal parameter combination is solved by genetic algorithm; S402, dynamic pulse width adjustment, for different height layers in the same mode, adopts variable pulse width technology to achieve adaptive adjustment of height resolution and detection distance in a single mode.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Full-altitude continuous detection capability: Through the coordinated operation of low, medium, and high modes, it effectively covers the full altitude range from the boundary layer (0-1.5km) to the stratosphere (above 10km), solving the problem of discontinuous detection altitude existing in traditional single-mode radars.

[0017] 2. Optimal balance between resolution and detection altitude: The mode control module switches between different detection parameters, adopting a high-resolution mode (short pulse) at low altitudes and an enhanced detection capability mode (long pulse) at medium and high altitudes, achieving the best match between resolution and detection altitude at different altitude layers.

[0018] 3. Improved data continuity: The data fusion module effectively eliminates data jumps caused by mode switching by performing time synchronization and weighted fusion processing on the overlapping areas of multi-mode detection data, generating continuous and smooth full-altitude wind profile data.

[0019] 4. Adaptive detection capability: The parameter optimization module dynamically adjusts detection parameters based on the real-time echo signal-to-noise ratio and resolution requirements, enabling the system to automatically optimize detection performance according to actual atmospheric conditions, improving data acquisition rate and detection accuracy.

[0020] 5. System resource optimization: The detection time and resources of each mode are reasonably allocated through mode switching logic. While ensuring the full-height detection requirements, the overall work efficiency of the system is improved and resource waste in a single mode is avoided.

[0021] 6. Multi-mode collaborative advantage: The transmitting and receiving modules transmit corresponding pulse signals according to different mode parameters, realizing the complementary advantages of short pulse high resolution and long pulse high sensitivity detection, overcoming the technical limitations of traditional single-mode radar.

[0022] In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be described in further detail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following is a detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered below.

[0024] The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system of this embodiment includes: a mode control module: a parameter library for storing low-mode detection parameters, medium-mode detection parameters, and high-mode detection parameters, executing mode switching logic, and generating control signals for pulse width and repetition period; a transmitting and receiving module, which transmits corresponding pulse signals according to the mode detection parameters and receives echoes to achieve A / D conversion through high-speed acquisition; a data fusion module, which performs time synchronization and weighted fusion of overlapping areas on multi-mode detection data to generate continuous wind profile data; and a parameter optimization module, which dynamically adjusts the detection parameters of each mode based on real-time echo signal-to-noise ratio and altitude resolution requirements. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system of the present invention effectively covers the full altitude range from the boundary layer (0-1.5km) to the stratosphere (above 10km) through the coordinated operation of the three modes of low mode, medium mode and high mode, solving the problem of discontinuous detection altitude of traditional single-mode radars; the mode control module switches different detection parameters, adopts high-resolution mode (short pulse) at low altitude and enhanced detection capability mode (long pulse) at medium and high altitude, achieving the best match between resolution and detection altitude of different altitude layers; the data fusion module performs time synchronization and weighted fusion processing of overlapping areas on multi-mode detection data, effectively eliminating the mode switching band The system generates continuous and smooth full-altitude wind profile data based on the incoming data jumps. The parameter optimization module dynamically adjusts the detection parameters based on the real-time echo signal-to-noise ratio and resolution requirements, enabling the system to automatically optimize detection performance according to actual atmospheric conditions, improving data acquisition rate and detection accuracy. The detection time and resources of each mode are rationally allocated through mode switching logic, which improves the overall system efficiency while ensuring full-altitude detection requirements and avoids resource waste in a single mode. The transmitting and receiving modules transmit corresponding pulse signals according to different mode parameters, realizing the complementary advantages of short-pulse high-resolution and long-pulse high-sensitivity detection, overcoming the technical limitations of traditional single-mode radars. Optionally, the wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system includes a mode control module, a transmitting and receiving module, a data fusion module, and a parameter optimization module for executing multi-mode detection methods. Through the multi-mode detection strategy, the contradiction between high resolution and detection range in traditional wind profiler radar detection is resolved, and it can be widely used in meteorological monitoring, aerospace support, and atmospheric physics research.

[0025] The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method of this embodiment adopts the wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system of claim 1, and includes the following steps: S100, setting the pulse width τ, pulse repetition period T and coherent averaging times N according to the mode requirements of low mode, medium mode and high mode respectively; S200, performing mode switching between low mode, medium mode and high mode; S300, using weighted averaging for the mode overlapping area data between low mode, medium mode and high mode to eliminate the discontinuity caused by mode switching. Through optimized parameter configuration and coordinated switching among low, medium, and high modes, the radar covers the full altitude range from the boundary layer (0-1.5 km) to the stratosphere (above 10 km), addressing the limitations of traditional single-mode radar detection altitudes or insufficient resolution. Weighted average fusion is employed in the overlapping region of the modes to effectively eliminate data jumps caused by switching between different modes, ensuring the continuity and consistency of wind profile data and improving data availability and reliability. Dynamic adjustments to pulse width, repetition period, and coherent averaging times are made based on the requirements of different modes (low mode for high resolution, medium mode for balanced detection, and high mode for long-range detection) to ensure optimal detection performance at low, medium, and high altitudes, balancing resolution and detection altitude. Mode switching allows for optimal allocation of detection time, preventing a single mode from occupying system resources for extended periods, thereby improving the radar's overall detection efficiency and data update rate. Weighted average fusion reduces random errors at mode boundaries, making data in the overlapping region more stable and enhancing the accuracy and consistency of wind field retrieval. Through multi-mode coordinated detection and intelligent data fusion, the radar achieves high-precision, continuous, and stable wind field detection at all altitudes, making it suitable for the refined wind field observation needs of meteorological forecasting, aviation safety, and environmental monitoring. Optionally, three detection modes are defined: low, medium, and high. Low mode has a pulse width of ≤0.5μs and an altitude resolution of 75m, while high mode has an altitude resolution of 300m. The overlap between detection modes is ≥500m. Mode switching logic is based on time triggering, threshold triggering, or manual triggering. Overlapping data is fused using a weighted average, with the weight being positively correlated with the echo signal-to-noise ratio. Optionally, the minimum detection altitude for low mode is ≤150m, and the maximum detection altitude is 3km. High mode has a maximum detection altitude of ≥6km, and pulse compression technology is used to achieve a balance between resolution and detection altitude.

[0026] In this embodiment, the pulse repetition period T in step S100 is ≥ 2H max / c,H maxis the maximum detection altitude, and c is the speed of light. This ensures that the radar echo signal is fully received before the next pulse is transmitted, preventing interference between long-distance echoes and subsequent transmitted pulses, thereby ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the detection data. The pulse repetition period is dynamically adjusted according to the maximum detection altitude of each mode, allowing low, medium, and high modes to operate within their respective optimal detection ranges, avoiding loss of effective detection altitude due to an excessively short repetition period. A longer pulse repetition period allows for longer echo accumulation time, especially in high-mode detection. This enhances the reception of long-range weak signals and improves detection accuracy in the stratosphere and other upper atmospheres. By scientifically setting the pulse repetition period, the radar system avoids misjudgment or data distortion caused by echo aliasing, ensuring timing matching and signal integrity during multi-mode switching. This ensures the continuity and accuracy of wind field detection at all altitudes from the underlying signal design level, laying an important foundation for the stable operation of multi-mode collaborative detection.

[0027] In this embodiment, the coherent averaging times N in step S100 satisfies: max =λ / (4T·N); where V max is the maximum speed, λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radar; when H max When the distance is 5km or less, V max =15m / s; when H max When the distance is more than 5 km, V max =20m / s. Set V at low altitude (≤5km) max =15m / s, adapted to the characteristics of small but fine wind speed in the boundary layer and lower troposphere, to avoid wind field inversion errors caused by velocity ambiguity. At high altitudes (>5km), it is relaxed to V max =20m / s, matching the detection requirements of high-speed wind fields such as the stratospheric jet stream, ensuring effective measurement under strong wind conditions. By using N=λ / (4T·Vmax), the number of coherent averaging times N is dynamically adjusted. Increasing N at low altitudes improves the signal-to-noise ratio and low-speed resolution, while reducing N at high altitudes to avoid smoothing and loss of high-speed signals due to multiple averaging, thus achieving a balance between speed and accuracy. Strictly constraining V max The mathematical relationship between T and N ensures that the radar sampling rate (determined by T and N) meets the Nyquist criterion, avoids spectrum folding during wind speed inversion, and ensures data reliability. max The synergistic effect of the wavelength, pulse period, coherent averaging times, and maximum speed enables low, medium, and high modes to simultaneously meet the constraints of maximum detection altitude and maximum measurable speed within their respective altitude ranges, avoiding parameter conflicts during mode switching. By correlating wavelength, pulse period, and coherent averaging with maximum speed, adaptive optimization of speed range and measurement accuracy is achieved for wind field detection at all altitudes. This specifically addresses the issues of missed detection of high-speed wind fields and insufficient resolution of low-speed wind fields encountered in traditional methods.

[0028] In this embodiment, the low mode has the following characteristics: pulse width ≤ 0.5 μs, altitude resolution 75 m, minimum detection altitude ≤ 150 m, and maximum detection altitude 3 km, which is suitable for fine detection of the boundary layer. The short pulse width (≤0.5μs) and high resolution of 75m enable precise capture of subtle vertical wind variations within the boundary layer (0-1.5km), making it suitable for accurate observation of meteorological phenomena such as low-altitude turbulence and wind shear, improving aviation safety and the accuracy of pollution dispersion predictions. The design of a minimum detection altitude of ≤150m overcomes the near-ground blind spot caused by pulse delay in traditional long-pulse modes, enabling effective detection of ultra-low-altitude wind structures such as urban canopy and surface wind fields. The maximum detection altitude of 3km fully covers the typical range of the boundary layer (0-1.5km) and extends to the bottom of the free troposphere, ensuring continuous observation of key meteorological phenomena such as entrainment at the top of the boundary layer and avoiding data gaps. Although the short pulse width limits the energy of a single transmission, through coherent averaging and mode switching compensation, it maintains resolution while avoiding excessive consumption of system resources, complementing the medium and high modes and optimizing overall detection efficiency. The low and medium modes overlap at an altitude of 3km, and data fusion (such as weighted averaging) eliminates switching jumps, ensuring the continuity of wind profiles at all altitudes.

[0029] In this embodiment, the medium mode is: pulse width 0.5μs-2μs, pulse compression technology is used, height resolution 150m, detection height coverage 3km-6km, and is used to connect the low mode and the high mode. The detection range (3km-6km) accurately covers the transition zone between the low mode (≤3km) and the high mode (≥6km). The pulse compression technology balances the resolution and detection distance, avoiding the data discontinuity problem of traditional single-mode radar in the middle altitude layer, ensuring the continuity of the wind profile at all altitudes; through pulse compression technology (such as linear frequency modulation or phase coding), the resolution of 150m is still maintained under the transmission of wider pulses (0.5μs-2μs), significantly improving the ability to capture the details of the wind field structure in the middle troposphere; pulse compression technology effectively compresses the echo pulse width through matched filtering processing, while suppressing the distance sidelobes, avoiding the string of signals from adjacent altitude layers. Interference is eliminated, and the detection signal-to-noise ratio of weak wind field signals in the 3km-6km range is improved; the pulse width (0.5μs-2μs) is dynamically adjusted, and a shorter pulse (such as 0.5μs) is used in the 3km-4km range to match the high-resolution requirements of the low mode. The pulse width is gradually increased (to 2μs) in the 4km-6km range to enhance the detection sensitivity and realize on-demand resource allocation; the medium mode serves as a connecting bridge, allowing the low mode and the high mode to work at the optimal time ratio (such as low mode 25%, medium mode 25%, and high mode 50%), avoiding the waste of low-altitude resolution caused by the forced full-altitude long pulse detection of traditional radars, and improving the overall data update rate.

[0030] In this embodiment, the high mode has a pulse width of ≥2μs, an altitude resolution of 300m, and a maximum detection altitude of ≥6km, making it suitable for detection in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. The long pulse width (≥2μs) significantly increases the transmission energy, overcoming the problem of weak echo signals caused by the thin atmosphere in the stratosphere (above 10km), allowing the effective detection altitude to break through the 6km limit of traditional boundary layer radars, filling the gap in wind field data from the top of the troposphere to the stratosphere; although the altitude resolution of 300m is lower than that of the low and medium modes, it fully meets the observation requirements of the slowly varying characteristics of the stratospheric wind field (such as the core area of ​​the jet stream and the propagation of gravity waves). At the same time, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved through coherent accumulation, enabling large-scale observations such as the westerly belt and monsoon circulation. High-reliability inversion of dynamic processes; the lower limit of the detection range (6km) completely overlaps with the upper limit (6km) of the medium mode. Data fusion algorithms (such as weighted averaging of the overlapping area) eliminate gradient jumps caused by resolution differences (150m for medium mode → 300m for high mode), ensuring a smooth transition of wind field data from the boundary layer to the stratosphere; the duty cycle is increased during long pulse transmission, reducing peak power requirements and extending transmitter life; at the same time, the mode switching frequency is reduced, forming time complementarity with the low mode or medium mode, reducing the overall power consumption of the system.

[0031] In this embodiment, the mode overlap areas between the low mode, medium mode and high mode are: the detection height ranges of adjacent modes overlap by ≥500m, ensuring seamless connection of wind profile data. By forcing the overlap area (such as 500m overlap between the low mode 3km and the medium mode 3km-3.5km), sufficient spatial consistency verification intervals are provided for the data fusion algorithm to avoid step-like jumps in wind field data caused by mode switching or resolution differences, ensuring smooth transition of wind profiles at all heights; at least 500m of overlap area corresponds to multiple data points of the low mode (75m resolution) and multiple data points of the medium mode (150m resolution), providing statistically significant sample size for weighted averaging or optimal interpolation algorithms, effectively suppressing single-point measurement noise (such as random turbulence interference), and reducing the standard deviation of the fused data; the overlap area serves as a cross-validation domain for different modes, which can be used in real time. Detect and correct systematic deviations between modes caused by hardware drift (such as power fluctuations) or environmental interference (precipitation attenuation), and achieve adaptive calibration by feeding back to the parameter optimization module; at the critical height of mode switching (such as the atmospheric refractive index mutation area near 6km), a design of at least 500m overlap allows the medium mode and high mode to collect data simultaneously, and overcome the signal loss problem that may occur in a single mode through dual-mode redundant observation, thereby improving the data acquisition rate; adopt a resolution gradient fusion strategy in the overlapping area (such as 75m for low mode → 150m for medium mode) to avoid resolution mutations from the boundary layer to the free troposphere, so as to reduce the calculation error of the vertical gradient of the wind field (such as wind shear).

[0032] In this embodiment, the mode switching logic in step S200 involves: time-triggered switching, cyclically switching between low, medium, and high modes at preset time intervals; and / or threshold-triggered switching, automatically switching to an adjacent mode for supplemental detection when the current mode's detection echo signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is less than 5dB; and / or active-triggered switching, dynamically adjusting the detection mode based on meteorological events. Cyclic switching at preset intervals (e.g., 10 minutes) ensures periodic updates of wind field data at each altitude, avoiding detection blind spots caused by traditional manual switching. The time percentage can be dynamically configured (e.g., extending the low mode time during strong boundary layer convection), improving data update efficiency by 25%. When the current mode's SNR is less than 5dB (e.g., when the medium mode is attenuated by precipitation), an adjacent mode (e.g., a long pulse high mode) is automatically triggered for supplemental detection. This overcomes the signal loss problem associated with a single mode in complex weather conditions and improves data acquisition rates at altitudes with weak signals. The threshold design balances sensitivity with the risk of false switching. For sudden meteorological events (such as frontal passages and the core of the jet stream), the radar dynamically breaks the loop sequence and prioritizes switching to critical modes (for example, enabling low-mode, high-resolution scanning at the base of a front). This doubles the spatiotemporal resolution of important weather events and improves the timeliness of early warnings. A three-level logic system works collaboratively: time triggering ensures basic observations, threshold triggering addresses abnormal conditions, and proactively triggering to respond to meteorological needs. Compared to a fixed switching strategy, this improves radar detection time utilization and avoids energy waste. When switching is triggered, data in the overlapping area is cross-validated in real time (for example, mandatory 10 seconds of overlapping data collection before the time trigger switches), eliminating temporal wind field distortion caused by asynchronous switching timing. Optionally, the mode switching thresholds include an echo signal-to-noise ratio of less than 5dB or an altitude resolution error of greater than 10%. Mode switching is completed within 10 seconds of triggering. Optionally, in multi-mode coordinated detection, the detection time ratio of each mode is 1:1:2 for low mode: medium mode: high mode, ensuring high-altitude data sampling density.

[0033] In this embodiment, the wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method further includes: S400, detection mode optimization; Step S400 detection mode optimization specifically includes: S401, height resolution and detection height balance algorithm, according to formula H max ∝τ·Et and ΔH∝τ, where E t is the emission energy, ΔH is the height resolution, a three-dimensional optimization model of pulse width, detection height and height resolution is established, and the optimal parameter combination is solved by genetic algorithm; S402, dynamic pulse width adjustment, for different height layers in the same mode, adopts variable pulse width technology to achieve adaptive adjustment of height resolution and detection distance in a single mode. Based on the physical relationship H max ∝τ·E t(maximum detection altitude ∝ pulse width × energy) and ΔH∝τ (altitude resolution ∝ pulse width), a three-dimensional optimization model is constructed, and the Pareto optimal solution set is solved through genetic algorithms, breaking through the limitations of traditional empirical parameter adjustment, so that the comprehensive performance of each mode in terms of maximum detection altitude, altitude resolution, and energy consumption is improved. In a single mode (such as the medium mode 3km-6km), a variable pulse width technology is adopted, and a short pulse width (0.5μs) is used in the low layer (3km-4km) to achieve a resolution of 150m, and the high layer (5km-6km) is gradually increased to 2μs to enhance sensitivity; compared with the fixed pulse width design, the effective detection range of the same mode is extended without sacrificing resolution. Guided by the S401 model, when the transmission energy Et is limited, the pulse width τ is intelligently allocated, and stratospheric detection gives priority to H max (Select 4μs), while ΔH (select 0.3μs) is prioritized for the boundary layer, achieving global optimization within hardware constraints. Dynamic pulse width adjustment responds to sudden atmospheric changes. When heavy precipitation is detected, it automatically switches to a longer pulse width (e.g., from 1μs to 2.5μs) at the affected altitude, compensating for signal attenuation and improving data acquisition rates in areas of heavy precipitation. A genetic algorithm simultaneously optimizes parameters such as pulse width, pulse repetition frequency (PRF), and beam dwell time, avoiding local optimality resulting from manual parameter adjustments.

[0034] Genetic algorithm (GA) solves the optimal parameter combination, including: 1. Coding: Encode parameters such as pulse width (τ), repetition period (T), and coherent averaging times (N) into "chromosomes" (such as binary strings or real number vectors).

[0035] 2. Initial population: Randomly generate a set of parameter combinations (such as 100 different sets of τ, T, N) as the initial solution set.

[0036] 3. Fitness function: define the objective function

[0037] in, For the required height, is the required resolution, is the energy efficiency index, α, β, γ are the balance coefficients. The higher the fitness value, the better the parameter combination.

[0038] 4. Selection: retain individuals with high fitness (such as the top 20%) and eliminate low fitness solutions.

[0039] 5. Crossover and mutation: Generate a new generation of parameter combinations through chromosome segment exchange (crossover) and random perturbation (mutation).

[0040] 6. Iteration termination: When the fitness converges or reaches the maximum number of iterations, the optimal parameter set is output.

[0041] The role of genetic algorithm in solving the optimal parameter combination: 1. Solve the contradiction of multi-objective optimization: maximize the detection height H max , minimizing the height resolution ΔH, and minimizing the energy consumption E are mutually constrained (such as long pulse width increases H max But degrades ΔH); find the non-dominated solution set through the Pareto Front and provide multiple trade-off schemes (such as "high resolution first" or "detection height first" mode) to avoid the subjectivity of manual parameter adjustment.

[0042] 2. Dynamic adaptation to complex environments: When the radar detects a sudden drop in the signal-to-noise ratio (such as precipitation attenuation), it reruns the GA optimization to quickly generate parameters adapted to the current atmospheric conditions (such as increasing τ to 2.5μs and reducing PRF).

[0043] 3. Global optimization under hardware constraints: Genetic algorithms can embed hardware limitations and automatically eliminate solutions that do not meet the constraints, ensuring that the parameter combination is physically feasible. Compared with local optimization methods such as gradient descent, GA's global search capability improves the overall performance of the system.

[0044] During implementation, a multi-mode detection method and system for wind profiler radar is provided. Through low, medium and high multi-mode coordinated detection, the contradiction between high resolution and detection height in traditional single-mode detection is resolved, and continuous high-precision detection of wind fields at all altitudes from the boundary layer to the stratosphere is achieved. Specifically, it includes: 1. Multi-mode parameter definition: Low mode: pulse width ≤ 0.5μs, altitude resolution 75m, minimum detection altitude ≤ 150m, maximum detection altitude 3km, suitable for fine detection of boundary layer; Medium mode: pulse width 0.5-2μs, using pulse compression technology, altitude resolution 150m, detection altitude coverage 3-6km, connecting low mode and high mode; High mode: pulse width ≥ 2μs (or combined with pulse compression), altitude resolution 300m, maximum detection altitude ≥ 6km, suitable for detection in the upper troposphere and stratosphere; Mode overlap area: The detection height ranges of adjacent modes overlap by ≥500m, ensuring seamless connection of wind profile data.

[0045] 2. Mode switching logic: Time trigger: Cycle through low-medium-high modes at preset time intervals (e.g., every 10 minutes) to obtain full altitude data; Threshold trigger: When the signal-to-noise ratio of a certain detection mode is less than 5dB, it will automatically switch to the adjacent mode for supplementary detection; Active triggering: supports manual intervention and dynamically adjusts the detection mode according to meteorological events (such as severe convection).

[0046] 3. Multi-mode collaborative detection process: Parameter configuration: Set pulse width τ and pulse repetition period T according to mode requirements (satisfy T≥2H max / c,H max is the maximum detection height, c is the speed of light), coherent average number N (satisfying V max =λ / (4T·N), below 5km V max =15m / s, above =20m / s); Time-sharing detection: Low mode prioritizes low-altitude detection (0-3km), medium mode covers 3-6km, and high mode detects above 6km. The detection time ratio of each mode is allocated at a ratio of 1:1:2; Data fusion: Use weighted averaging (weight is positively correlated with signal-to-noise ratio) on the overlapping area data to eliminate the discontinuity caused by mode switching. The formula is:

[0047] Weight ,

[0048] Among them, V1 and V2 are the wind speeds in the overlapping area of ​​adjacent modes, SNR1 and SNR2 are the corresponding signal-to-noise ratios, and k is the weight index coefficient (usually k = 1 or 2), which is used to adjust the influence of the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0049] 4. Detection mode optimization algorithm: Algorithm for balancing height resolution and detection height: According to formula H max ∝τ·E t (E t is the emission energy) and ΔH∝τ, a three-dimensional optimization model of pulse width-detection height-resolution is established, and the optimal parameter combination is solved by genetic algorithm; Dynamic pulse width adjustment: For different altitude layers within the same mode, variable pulse width technology is adopted, such as 0.3μs for low altitude and 0.8μs for medium and high altitude, to achieve adaptive adjustment of resolution and detection distance within a single mode.

[0050] When implemented, a wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system is also provided, including: Mode control module: used to store low mode / medium mode / high mode parameter library, execute mode switching logic, and generate control signals such as pulse width and repetition period; Transmitter and receiver module: transmits corresponding pulse signals according to mode parameters, receives echoes and realizes A / D conversion through high-speed acquisition; Data fusion module: performs time synchronization and weighted fusion of overlapping areas on multi-mode detection data to generate continuous wind profile data; Parameter optimization module: Dynamically adjusts the detection parameters of each mode based on real-time echo signal-to-noise ratio and height resolution requirements.

[0051] Example 1: Take the tropospheric wind profiler radar as an example.

[0052]

[0053] Mode switching example: After the system is started, it will first perform low-mode detection for 10 minutes to obtain the 0-3km wind field; When the echo signal-to-noise ratio is less than 8dB at 3km, it automatically switches to medium mode, while the low mode continues to detect 150m-1km; After 15 minutes of medium mode detection, if the signal-to-noise ratio at 6 km is less than 5dB, the high mode is activated, forming a low-medium-high parallel detection state.

[0054] Data fusion verification: In the 3km overlap area, the low-mode signal-to-noise ratio SNR1 = 12dB, wind speed V1 = 10m / s; the medium-mode SNR2 = 9dB, wind speed V2 = 10.5m / s; After fusion, the wind speed is integrated with an error of <0.5m / s.

[0055] Effects of the invention: 1. Full-altitude coverage: Through the coordination of three modes, continuous detection from 150m to 12km is achieved, covering the boundary layer to the upper troposphere, which is 300% higher than the detection height of a single mode; 2. Improved accuracy: low-altitude resolution reaches 75m (traditional single mode is 300m), wind speed measurement accuracy is ≤1m / s, and high-altitude detection height is increased to 12km (traditional single mode is only 6km); 3. Enhanced adaptability: Dynamic adjustment based on weather conditions (e.g., increasing the frequency of low-mode detection during strong turbulence in summer), increasing data efficiency from 65% to 92% in complex weather conditions; 4. Real-time optimization: Through time-sharing reuse of modes, the full-altitude detection cycle is shortened from the traditional 30 minutes to 15 minutes, meeting short-term forecasting needs.

[0056] Matters not covered by the present invention are known technologies.

[0057] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0058] The above-described embodiments merely illustrate several implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that variations and improvements are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and all such variations and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is susceptible to various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system, characterized in that: include: Mode control module: used to store the parameter library of low mode detection parameters, medium mode detection parameters and high mode detection parameters, execute mode switching logic, and generate control signals of pulse width and repetition period; The transmitting and receiving module transmits the corresponding pulse signal according to the mode detection parameters, and receives the echo to realize A / D conversion through high-speed acquisition; The data fusion module performs time synchronization and weighted fusion of overlapping areas on multi-mode detection data to generate continuous wind profile data; The parameter optimization module dynamically adjusts the detection parameters of each mode based on the real-time echo signal-to-noise ratio and height resolution requirements.

2. A wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method, characterized in that: The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection system according to claim 1 comprises the following steps: S100, setting the pulse width τ, the pulse repetition period T and the coherent averaging times N according to the mode requirements of the low mode, the medium mode and the high mode respectively; Mode switching between S200, low mode, medium mode and high mode; S300 , weighted averaging is performed on the data of the mode overlap regions among the low mode, the medium mode, and the high mode to eliminate discontinuity caused by mode switching.

3. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pulse repetition period T in step S100 is ≥ 2H max / c,H max is the maximum detection height, and c is the speed of light.

4. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The coherent averaging times N in step S100 satisfy: V max =λ / (4T·N); Among them, V max is the maximum detectable velocity of the target relative to the radar, and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radar; When H max When the distance is 5km or less, V max =15m / s; When H max When the distance is more than 5 km, V max =20m / s.

5. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Low mode is: The pulse width is ≤0.5μs, the height resolution is 75m, the minimum detection height is ≤150m, and the maximum detection height is 3km. It is suitable for fine detection of the boundary layer.

6. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The medium mode is: The pulse width is 0.5μs-2μs, using pulse compression technology, with an altitude resolution of 150m and a detection altitude coverage of 3km-6km, used to connect low mode and high mode.

7. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: High mode is: The pulse width is ≥2μs, the altitude resolution is 300m, and the maximum detection altitude is ≥6km. It is suitable for detection in the upper troposphere and stratosphere.

8. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mode overlap between low mode, medium mode and high mode is: The detection height ranges of adjacent modes overlap by ≥500m, ensuring seamless connection of wind profile data.

9. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The mode switching logic in step S200 is: Time-triggered switching, where low mode, medium mode, and high mode are switched in a cyclic manner at preset time intervals; and / or Threshold trigger switching: when the current mode detection echo signal-to-noise ratio is less than 5dB, it will automatically switch to the adjacent mode for supplementary detection; and / or Actively trigger switching and dynamically adjust detection mode according to meteorological events.

10. The wind profiler radar multi-mode detection method according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: Wind profiler radar multi-mode detection methods also include: S400, detection mode optimization; Step S400: Optimizing the detection mode, specifically including: S401, height resolution and detection height balance algorithm, according to formula H max ∝τ·E t With ΔH∝τ, where E t is the emission energy, ΔH is the height resolution, a three-dimensional optimization model of pulse width, detection height and height resolution is established, and the optimal parameter combination is solved by genetic algorithm; S402, dynamic pulse width adjustment, for different altitude layers within the same mode, adopts variable pulse width technology to achieve adaptive adjustment of altitude resolution and detection distance within a single mode.

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