Construction method and system of titanium-clad steel material tensile damage process digital twinborn model and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for constructing a digital twinborn model in a tensile damage process of a titanium-clad steel material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: S1, performing geometric modeling and grid division on a titanium-clad steel sample to be analyzed, setting boundary constraint, defining titanium steel contact and optimizing load distribution so as to establish a finite element model of a titanium-clad steel composite structure; s2, performing titanium-clad steel tensile test finite element analysis according to the titanium-clad steel composite structure finite element model, and establishing a titanium-clad steel sample tensile damage simulation model; s3, parameterizing an input quantity and an output quantity in the titanium-clad steel sample tensile damage simulation model by adopting an ANSYS Workbench platform, and then carrying out experimental design; s4, performing order reduction on the titanium-clad steel sample tensile damage simulation model subjected to experimental design by adopting a Response Surface Method response surface method to generate an order reduction model FMU file, and importing the order reduction model FMU file into ANSYS Twin Builder to construct a titanium-clad steel tensile damage model digital twin model; and S5, evaluating the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model, and then carrying out titanium-clad steel tensile damage analysis. According to the method, the mechanical property data of the titanium-clad steel sample is obtained in the virtual space mapping model, and the entity operation state and the virtual space mapping result are comprehensively analyzed, so that the deep research on the tensile damage of the titanium-clad steel sample is finally realized, and the stability and the safety of the titanium-clad steel material in ocean engineering equipment are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of titanium-clad steel tensile damage research, and in particular to a method, system and storage medium for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel materials by means of different order reduction methods. Background Art

[0002] During the service life of marine engineering equipment, the environment in which it is located is very complex, and the risks of seabed operations are high. If emergencies are not discovered and handled in time, major safety accidents will occur. Therefore, studying the mechanical properties and tensile behavior of titanium-clad steel materials in the marine environment is of great significance and application value for improving the reliability and safety of marine engineering equipment. Tensile testing is a commonly used mechanical testing method that can measure the deformation and fracture behavior of titanium-clad steel materials under tension, thereby understanding their mechanical properties. Conducting titanium-clad steel tensile testing in a marine environment can not only study the changes in metal materials under different environmental factors, but also simulate the stress state of marine engineering equipment in the marine environment, providing practical and theoretical support for the development and production of marine engineering equipment. Therefore, there is a close relationship between the mechanical properties and stress-strain state of marine engineering equipment and titanium-clad steel materials.

[0003] In addition to using real-world experiments to obtain experimental results, some researchers have also conducted research by combining experiments with finite element analysis. Although the research results are important for understanding how the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium-clad steel change with external conditions or the size and shape of the titanium-clad steel itself, in actual applications, it is difficult to accurately and in real time determine the service status of titanium-clad steel.

[0004] Digital twin models have been extensively researched, and significant progress has been made in various supporting technologies, such as error quantification and confidence assessment, parameter determination, behavioral constraint construction, and model accuracy verification. However, there is no consensus on the overall application of digital twin models. In the materials field, research on digital twin models of material service states remains limited. Therefore, establishing a digital twin system for the tensile service safety of titanium-clad steel components, combining the metallic properties and performance degradation models of titanium-clad steel components, is an essential and critical step in studying the service safety of titanium-clad steel hulls in marine engineering equipment and is crucial for improving the service safety of marine engineering equipment.

[0005] In the prior art CN 117542454 A, the applicant proposed a digital twin modeling method for tensile damage of a single titanium alloy material. However, this method has significant limitations when applied to composite materials such as titanium-clad steel. Titanium-clad steel, as a composite material, consists of a titanium layer and a steel layer, and the mechanical properties of the two materials (such as elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture limit) are significantly different. During the tensile process, the force distribution of the titanium layer and the steel layer is uneven, and the fracture behavior of each is greatly affected by the stress state. Therefore, the traditional single material model cannot accurately describe the damage evolution process of this composite material, and the simplified reduction method and clamping conditions are also difficult to reflect the real mechanical behavior. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the difficulty of accurately determining the service status and ensuring safety performance in real time with existing technologies, this paper provides a method, system, and storage medium for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel materials. This paper investigates and analyzes the construction of a digital twin model for the tensile damage of Gr.2 / A36 titanium-clad steel specimens, a key material for marine engineering equipment. Using the tensile testing of titanium-clad steel materials for marine engineering equipment as the research context, a comprehensive application of material mechanics and material failure theory was employed to design and conduct tensile tests on the titanium-clad steel. The mechanical properties were analyzed in depth, and the service status of the titanium-clad steel specimens was characterized. Modeling and simulation were performed using ANSYS software, along with finite element analysis, to establish a tensile damage simulation model for the titanium-clad steel specimens. Multiple design of experiments (DOE) methods were employed, and a reduced-order model was constructed using different order reduction methods. This model was then imported into the ANSYS Twin Builder module to complete the construction of the digital twin. Mechanical property data for the titanium-clad steel specimens was acquired within a virtual space mapping model. A comprehensive analysis of the specimens' physical operating status and the virtual space mapping results was performed, ultimately enabling in-depth research on the tensile damage of the titanium-clad steel specimens and ensuring the stability and safety of titanium-clad steel materials in marine engineering equipment.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a method for constructing a digital twin model of a tensile damage process of a titanium-clad steel material is provided, comprising:

[0008] S1: Perform geometric modeling and meshing for the titanium-clad steel specimen to be analyzed, set boundary constraints and define titanium-steel contact, optimize load distribution so that the forces at both ends are closer to the actual working conditions, and thus establish a finite element model of the titanium-clad steel composite structure;

[0009] S2: performing a finite element analysis of a titanium-clad steel tensile test based on the titanium-clad steel composite structure finite element model, and establishing a simulation model of tensile damage of a titanium-clad steel specimen;

[0010] S3: Using the ANSYS Workbench platform, the input and output quantities in the tensile damage simulation model of the titanium-clad steel specimen are parameterized (Parameter), and then a DOE (Design of Experiments) experimental design is performed;

[0011] S4: Using the Response Surface Method, the tensile damage simulation model of the titanium-clad steel specimen after the experimental design is reduced in order, and a reduced-order model FMU file is generated, which is then imported into ANSYS Twin Builder to construct a digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model;

[0012] S5: Evaluate the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model, and then perform titanium-clad steel tensile damage analysis.

[0013] Furthermore, the S1 specifically includes:

[0014] S11: Build a titanium-clad steel specimen model using ANSYS Spaceclaim;

[0015] S12: performing mesh division on the titanium-clad steel specimen model;

[0016] S13: Apply displacement load and additional clamping pressure to the clamping ends on both sides;

[0017] S14: Set titanium-steel contact and set the friction coefficient according to the contact interface between the coating and the base layer;

[0018] S15: Boundary constraints are set according to the tensile test clamping method, thereby establishing a finite element model of the titanium-clad steel composite structure.

[0019] Furthermore, in S12, a grid with a size of 3 mm is set, the division units are tetrahedrons, and an automatic division method is used.

[0020] Furthermore, the S13 specifically includes:

[0021] The clamping end A and the clamping end B serve as the fixed end and the loading end respectively;

[0022] Fixed constraints are set on both sides of the outer surface of the clamping end A, and outward tensile displacement loads are set on both sides of the outer surface of the clamping end B;

[0023] Apply additional clamping pressure to clamping ends A and B.

[0024] Furthermore, a clamping pressure of 5000N was applied.

[0025] Furthermore, in S14, the friction coefficient between the steel material and the titanium material is set to 0.15.

[0026] Furthermore, in S3, the input and output quantities include: displacement, maximum value of equivalent elastic strain, maximum value of equivalent plastic strain, and maximum value of equivalent stress.

[0027] Furthermore, in S3, the generation of DOE test samples uses the Lath Hypercube Sampling Design method to approximately randomly sample from a multivariate parameter distribution.

[0028] Furthermore, the S3 specifically includes:

[0029] In the ANSYS Workbench platform, the Explicit Dynamics explicit dynamics analysis system was used to numerically simulate the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel composite material specimens.

[0030] Parameterizing the input and output of the tensile damage simulation model of the titanium-clad steel specimen;

[0031] After completing the parameterization process, the Parameter Set management interface is generated;

[0032] Perform DOE experimental design in the Parameter Set management interface;

[0033] The Latin Hypercube Sampling Design (LHS) method was used to generate the experimental samples.

[0034] Furthermore, the generation of test samples using the Latin Hypercube Sampling Design (LHS) method specifically includes:

[0035] First, the range of each parameterized input quantity is divided into several intervals of equal probability, and then a sample point is randomly selected in each interval. Finally, these sample points are randomly combined to form a complete experimental plan.

[0036] Furthermore, in S3, samples are taken from displacement loads of 1-20 m.

[0037] Furthermore, in S4, the Response Surface Method performs iterative fitting coefficients through a Genetic Aggregation algorithm.

[0038] Furthermore, the S4 specifically includes:

[0039] For the tensile damage simulation model of the titanium-clad steel specimen after the experimental design, the Genetic Aggregation hybrid optimization algorithm is used to iteratively fit the coefficients to generate a reduced-order model;

[0040] Exporting the reduced-price model into a standard FMU (Functional Mock-up Unit) functional model unit file to generate a reduced-order model FMU file;

[0041] After the reduced-order model FMU file is imported into the ANSYS Twin Builder platform, a digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model is constructed.

[0042] Furthermore, in the model verification stage, a sinusoidal signal with adjustable amplitude is used to simulate the dynamic load input under actual working conditions, and the upper limit of the signal amplitude is set to 20m and the lower limit is set to 1m.

[0043] Furthermore, the S5 specifically includes:

[0044] After constructing the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model, setting the twin model result curves, including: a twin model maximum stress-time curve, a twin model maximum elastic strain-time curve, and a twin model maximum plastic strain-time curve;

[0045] By analyzing the maximum stress-time curve of the twin model, the maximum elastic strain-time curve of the twin model, and the maximum plastic strain-time curve of the twin model, the changing pattern of the stress and strain of the digital twin model with time (i.e., displacement) is determined, and the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model is evaluated;

[0046] After the evaluation is passed, the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model is used to analyze the titanium-clad steel tensile damage.

[0047] According to a second aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a system for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel materials is provided, the system comprising: a processor and a memory for storing executable instructions; wherein the processor is configured to execute the executable instructions to execute the method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel materials as described in any of the above aspects.

[0048] According to a third aspect of the technical solution of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material as described in any of the above aspects.

[0049] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0050] 1) Wider Applicability: The existing Static ROM method relies more on finite element modal reduction and is more efficient for linear systems. The Response Surface Method generates training samples through Design of Experiments (DOE) and fits response functions based on the data. It is suitable for nonlinear and multivariable systems. The tensile damage process of Gr.2 / A36 titanium-clad steel specimens involves the complex mechanical behavior of the Gr.2 / A36 interface. The Response Surface Method can fit the nonlinear relationship between stress, strain, and displacement using polynomial functions.

[0051] 2) Integration advantage: The Static ROM method requires independent order reduction of each physical field, and then multi-output integration is achieved through later combination. It relies on manual stage-by-stage order reduction and component splicing, and the process is relatively cumbersome. The Response Surface Method directly fits the relationship between multiple output parameters (such as stress, elastic strain, plastic strain) and a single input (displacement) through a unified response function, without the need to process different physical fields in modules. Through Design of Experiments (DOE), the displacement is set as the input at one time, and the "equivalent elastic strain maximum value, equivalent plastic strain maximum value, equivalent stress maximum value" are output at the same time, and a reduced-order model containing multiple physical quantities is generated in the Response Surface. The relationship between multiple output variables and inputs is described simultaneously through a single surrogate model (such as the Genetic Aggregation polynomial), avoiding the complexity of modular order reduction.

[0052] 3) Reduced-Order Model Lightweighting: The Response Surface Method reduces the order of a 3D finite element model to a one-dimensional or lower-dimensional model by fitting polynomials, significantly reducing the computational effort. The reduced-order model generated using the Response Surface Method can complete the response calculation for a sinusoidal signal input in just 10 seconds in Twin Builder, compared to several hours for traditional finite element simulations, meeting real-time requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0054] Figure 1A flow chart of a method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel materials provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the titanium-clad steel tensile test provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 Engineering stress-strain diagrams of three sets of titanium-clad steel tensile tests provided in embodiments of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the titanium-clad steel tensile test provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 5 Comparison diagram of the finite element results after fracture of the titanium-clad steel specimen provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the actual object, (a) front view of the actual object after fracture; (b) front view of the finite element results after fracture; (c) side view of the actual object after fracture; (d) side view of the finite element results after fracture.

[0059] Figure 6 The stress-strain diagram related to the tensile strength of the titanium-clad steel sample provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the Parameter Set interface generation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 8 This is the system layout in Twin Builder provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 9 Engineering stress-strain diagrams for three sets of titanium-clad steel tensile tests provided in embodiments of the present invention, including (a) maximum stress-time curve of the twin model; (b) maximum elastic strain-time curve of the twin model; and (c) maximum plastic strain-time curve of the twin model.

[0063] Figure 10 This is the crack type provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] The purpose, features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all possible embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0066] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present disclosure are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate, such that the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein can, for example, be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0067] In addition, the terms "comprises" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus that includes a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, product or apparatus.

[0068] Multiple includes two or more.

[0069] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this disclosure simply describes the relationship between associated objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. This reduces manpower input and facilitates business automation, offering universal, efficient, and high-precision features.

[0070] This invention will use finite element analysis and digital twin technology to build a virtual space mapping model to analyze and study the tensile damage of Gr.2 / A36 titanium-clad steel. ANSYS software is used to build a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel. The physical operating status and the results of the virtual space mapping model are integrated to analyze and study the tensile damage of titanium-clad steel specimens, so as to accurately map the physical entity in real time, laying the foundation for future research on the overall digital twin model of marine engineering equipment. Therefore, combining the metal properties and performance degradation model of titanium-clad steel components to establish a digital twin system for the tensile service safety of titanium-clad steel is an essential and key step in studying the service safety of titanium-clad steel shells of marine engineering equipment, and is crucial to improving the service safety of marine engineering equipment.

[0071] Example

[0072] This embodiment provides a method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel materials, which can predict the physical entity or evaluate its status in real time through the digital twin model mapped in virtual space. The technical solution is as follows:

[0073] S101: Conduct tensile tests on titanium-clad steel, record tensile data and mechanical properties, and draw engineering stress-strain diagrams;

[0074] In this example, an MTS microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine is used to conduct tensile tests on titanium-clad steel specimens. Figure 2As shown. First, the titanium-clad steel specimen should be prepared according to the experimental requirements, and marking lines should be applied to the surface of the specimen to facilitate the measurement of the deformation of the specimen. Then, the specimen should be placed on the electronic universal testing machine, and the fixture should be adjusted so that the specimen is subjected to a uniform load during the stretching process. The stretching speed should be set according to the experimental requirements, and the real-time load-displacement curve should be recorded. When the specimen is deformed or broken, the maximum load and maximum displacement during the experiment should be recorded, and the tensile strength, yield strength, elongation and other mechanical properties of the specimen should be calculated. The engineering stress-strain diagrams of the three groups of titanium-clad steel tensile tests are shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 shown.

[0075] S102: Establish a finite element model of the titanium-clad steel composite structure, perform geometric modeling and meshing, set boundary constraints and define titanium-steel contact, and optimize load distribution to make the forces at both ends closer to the actual working conditions;

[0076] This example uses ANSYS Spaceclaim to establish a Gr.2 / A36 titanium-steel composite plate specimen model. Based on the existing technology CN 117542454 A, improvements are made to the model characteristics. In addition to applying a displacement load, an additional clamping pressure (e.g., 5000N) is applied to the clamping ends on both sides, and the interface friction coefficient (μ = 0.15) is set. This method more realistically simulates the physical clamping and friction effects of the fixture on the specimen in the experiment, making the stress distribution and fracture position prediction closer to reality, and improving the accuracy of the model's mechanical coupling simulation of the actual tensile process. The purpose is to maximize the restoration of the stress state at both ends of the titanium-clad steel geometric model in actual working conditions, thereby improving the authenticity and reliability of the simulation. The specific steps are as follows:

[0077] (1) Meshing: The purpose of meshing is to decompose a large geometric body into many small geometric units so that numerical calculations can be performed. The accuracy of meshing directly affects the accuracy of simulation results. Therefore, it is necessary to balance the required accuracy with the availability of computing resources and select the appropriate meshing method and mesh size. In this example, a 3mm mesh is set, the meshing unit is a tetrahedron, and the automatic meshing method is used.

[0078] (2) Contact settings: Friction is set at the interface between the cladding and the base layer. The friction coefficient between the steel and titanium is set to 0.15. The effects of residual stress and initial geometric defects are ignored.

[0079] (3) Setting constraints: Setting constraints according to the tensile test clamping method, the established titanium-clad steel composite structure finite element model, such as Figure 4As shown in the figure, the left clamping end A and the right clamping end B serve as the fixed end and the loading end, respectively. Fixed constraints are set on both outer surfaces of clamping end A. Outward tensile displacement loads are set on both outer surfaces of clamping end B. Since only the Multilinear Isotropic Hardening plasticity model is used, the effect of strain rate can be ignored. A high strain rate is used to reduce the computational complexity. A simulation test is performed with both sides clamped and a clamping pressure of 5000N applied.

[0080] (4) Analysis settings: The built-in analyzer of Explicit Dynamic is Autodyn analysis, which saves computing resources.

[0081] S103: Conduct finite element analysis of the titanium-clad steel tensile test, establish a simulation model of tensile damage of the titanium-clad steel specimen, and compare and analyze the finite element simulation results with the tensile test;

[0082] Based on the finite element model of Gr.2 / A36 titanium-clad steel composite structure, finite element tensile simulation is carried out, mainly to solve the mechanical properties such as stress and strain of the titanium-clad steel sample during the tensile process.

[0083] After the titanium-clad steel specimen is broken, the comparison between the finite element results and the actual specimen is as follows: Figure 5 Medium (a) to Figure 5 As shown in (d), it can be clearly observed that, whether in finite element simulation or in actual physical specimens, the fracture location appears near the middle, and the steel part is the first to fracture, which preliminarily verifies the effectiveness of the simulation.

[0084] The stress-strain diagram related to the tensile strength of the titanium-clad steel specimen is shown in Figure 6 As shown, Curve 1 is the true stress-strain curve calculated using existing formulas, Curve 2 is the equivalent true stress-equivalent true strain curve output after finite element simulation, and Curve 3 is the engineering stress-strain curve for the Gr.2 titanium / A36 steel composite plate. The true stress-strain curve and the simulated stress-strain curve have essentially the same shape and trend, validating the rationality of the simulation analysis and the reliability of the established tensile damage simulation model for titanium-clad steel specimens.

[0085] S104: Using the ANSYS Workbench platform, the input and output quantities required for the titanium-clad steel tensile damage simulation model were parameterized, and then DOE (Design of Experiments) was performed;

[0086] This research example utilizes the Explicit Dynamics analysis system within the ANSYS Workbench simulation platform to numerically simulate the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel composite material specimens. To systematically investigate the mechanical response characteristics of the material, the key input variables and output responses within the simulation model must first be parameterized. In this model construction, the inputs and outputs are: displacement, maximum equivalent elastic strain, maximum equivalent plastic strain, and maximum equivalent stress. These parameters were selected based on the mechanical properties of the titanium-clad steel material. Parameter settings can be flexibly adjusted to increase or decrease relevant parameters based on the specific analysis objectives.

[0087] After completing the parameter setting, the Workbench platform will automatically generate the Parameter Set management interface, such as Figure 7 As shown, this interface displays all defined parameters in a clear layout. The Parameter Set interface not only provides parameter management capabilities but also intuitively displays the relationships between parameters, laying the foundation for subsequent design of experiments (DOE) and parameter optimization. This interface allows convenient modification of parameter value ranges, setting constraints between parameters, and monitoring the impact of parameter changes on simulation results. This parametric modeling approach significantly improves the flexibility and repeatability of simulation analysis, making complex explicit dynamics simulation processes more controllable and efficient.

[0088] After completing the parameterization, enter the Parameter Set module in ANSYS Workbench to conduct the DOE (Design of Experiments) experiment. This study uses the Latin Hypercube Sampling Design (LHS) method to generate the experimental samples. This is an advanced experimental design technique based on the principle of stratified sampling.

[0089] Latin hypercube sampling is essentially a modified Monte Carlo sampling method. Its core advantage lies in its ability to achieve efficient space-filling sampling from multivariate parameter distributions. Specifically, the method first divides the range of each input parameter (the displacement load parameter range in this study is 1-20m) into several equally probable intervals. Then, a sample point is randomly selected from each interval, and these sample points are randomly combined to form a complete experimental plan. This stratified sampling method ensures a uniform distribution of sample points in the parameter space, effectively avoiding the sample point clustering that can occur with traditional random sampling.

[0090] Compared with simple random sampling, Latin hypercube sampling design has three significant characteristics: first, the sample points in each parameter dimension have a perfectly uniform distribution characteristic; second, no two sample points will appear repeatedly in the same parameter subspace, ensuring sample diversity; third, this method can obtain representative parameter combinations with a smaller sample size, which is particularly important for explicit dynamics simulations with higher computational costs.

[0091] In this example, a sampling range of 1-20m was specifically set for the key parameter of displacement load. Through Latin hypercube sampling, the system automatically generated an experimental plan that not only met the uniform distribution requirements but also fully explored the parameter space. This experimental design method not only improved the efficiency of parameter research but also laid a solid foundation for subsequent response surface modeling. It is worth noting that since explicit dynamics simulations usually take a long time to calculate, the use of Latin hypercube sampling can ensure the reliability of the results while keeping the necessary number of simulations within a reasonable range, reflecting the practical value of this method in engineering simulation.

[0092] S105: Then, the Response Surface Method is used to reduce the order of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model, generate a reduced-order model FMU file, and import it into Twin Builder to construct a digital twin of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model;

[0093] This example uses a design of experiments (DOE) approach to select sample points and perform simulations before constructing a reduced-order model using the response surface methodology. Response surface modeling approximates the actual physical response process using polynomial functions. Its accuracy depends primarily on two key factors: the design point selection strategy and the coefficient fitting algorithm. The design points were selected using Latin hypercube sampling, which ensures a uniform distribution of sample points across the multidimensional parameter space through stratified sampling, effectively avoiding the sample aggregation issues associated with traditional random sampling.

[0094] During the response surface construction phase, this study innovatively employed a genetic aggregation hybrid optimization algorithm for polynomial coefficient fitting. This algorithm combines the global search capabilities of a genetic algorithm with the local optimization advantages of the least squares method. It maintains population diversity through an adaptive mutation mechanism and intelligently determines the optimal polynomial order. This algorithmic design effectively prevents overfitting while ensuring model accuracy.

[0095] This response surface modeling approach, based on advanced optimization algorithms, is not only applicable to current titanium-clad steel damage analysis but also provides a reliable technical path for constructing reduced-order models for other complex nonlinear problems. This method provides an efficient and accurate analysis tool for engineering optimization design and has important engineering application value.

[0096] In this example, the Response Surface Method was used to generate a reduced-order model and export it as a standard FMU (Functional Mock-up Unit) file. After importing the FMU file into the ANSYS TwinBuilder platform, a digital twin model of the tensile damage of the titanium-clad steel specimen was successfully constructed (e.g. Figure 8 During the model verification phase, a sinusoidal signal with adjustable amplitude was used to simulate the dynamic load input under actual working conditions. Specifically, the upper limit of the signal amplitude was set to 20m and the lower limit was set to 1m.

[0097] Results show that the digital twin can output key mechanical response parameters such as maximum stress, maximum elastic strain, and maximum plastic strain in real time, completing the response calculation for a single sinusoidal input cycle in just 10 seconds. The dynamic response of the digital twin meets the requirements of real-time simulation and prediction. This digital twin modeling approach, based on response surface order reduction, provides an effective technical means for the rapid evaluation and prediction of material mechanical properties.

[0098] S106: Evaluate the digital twin model of titanium-clad steel tensile damage, virtual space mapping results evaluation and tensile damage analysis;

[0099] After building an accurate and reliable tensile digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel specimen, the twin model result curves are set: the twin model maximum stress-time curve, the twin model maximum elastic strain-time curve, and the twin model maximum plastic strain-time curve.

[0100] from Figure 9 In (a), the maximum stress-time curve of the twin model shows that the stress of the twin model increases continuously with time (i.e., displacement) in the initial stage, increasing approximately linearly. This indicates that this stage is the elastic stage of the titanium-clad steel tensile process. As time increases, the stress growth rate of the twin model begins to decrease, indicating that the tensile process has reached the yield stage. Thereafter, the stress increases at a small rate, and the titanium-clad steel tensile process has reached the plastic strengthening stage. The maximum stress value during this entire process is the tensile strength of the titanium-clad steel specimen. The above twin model stress variation pattern is generally consistent with reality, so the stress output accuracy and reliability of the titanium-clad steel tensile digital twin model meet the requirements.

[0101] from Figure 9The maximum elastic strain-time curve of the twin model (b) shows that at the beginning of the curve, the elastic strain increases with time, showing an overall linear growth. After the elastic strain reaches its peak, the elastic strain value remains essentially unchanged as time increases. This is consistent with the actual titanium-clad steel tensile process. During the tensile process of the specimen, elastic strain first occurs, followed by plastic strain after entering the yield stage. After the yield stage, the strain generated in the material is primarily plastic strain, and the elastic strain remains essentially unchanged. Therefore, the elastic strain output accuracy and reliability of the titanium-clad steel tensile digital twin model meet the requirements.

[0102] from Figure 9 The maximum plastic strain-time curve of the twin model (c) shows that at the beginning of the twin titanium-clad steel stretching, the plastic strain barely increases with time, indicating that this stage is the elastic phase of the titanium-clad steel stretching, with no plastic strain. As the stretching progresses, plastic strain begins to appear, slowly increasing with time. Compared to actual conditions, this stage indicates that the tensile specimen is in the yield stage. As time goes on, the increase in plastic strain becomes more pronounced and continues until the end. The above twin model plastic strain variation patterns generally align with reality, indicating that the plastic strain output of the titanium-clad steel stretching digital twin model meets the requirements for accuracy and reliability.

[0103] By analyzing the maximum stress-time curve, maximum elastic strain-time curve, and maximum plastic strain-time curve of the digital twin model, it can be seen that the change pattern of the twin model's stress and strain increasing with time (i.e., displacement) is consistent with the actual tensile experiment; therefore, the constructed Gr.2 / A36 titanium-clad steel specimen tensile digital twin model is similar to the actual tensile experiment, which is relatively accurate and reliable, and can be used for subsequent analysis of titanium-clad steel tensile damage.

[0104] In summary, in the digital twin, the output stress-strain curve can be used to find the point where the stress of titanium-clad steel begins to decrease after the yield stage of the tensile process. After this point, it is the key node where titanium-clad steel is prone to safety accidents during service. The collected input quantities such as the deformation displacement or tensile force of titanium-clad steel that can be obtained through sensors or measurements (in this example, the measured deformation displacement is selected) are input into the titanium-clad steel tensile virtual space mapping model. This can obtain the stress and strain data of titanium-clad steel in real time, that is, the service status of titanium-clad steel. From this, tensile damage analysis of titanium-clad steel in service is performed to ensure the service safety of titanium-clad steel.

[0105] Titanium-clad steel is a layered metal composite material, formed by combining multiple dissimilar metal sheets through methods such as roll lamination and explosive lamination. It combines the excellent properties of the composite materials, such as high strength and corrosion resistance. The cladding material is typically pure titanium or titanium-clad steel, such as TA1, TA2, and TC4. The base material is typically low-carbon steel or stainless steel, such as Q235, Q345, and 304. In this example, the titanium-clad steel uses A36 steel as the base material and Gr.2 titanium as the cladding material.

[0106] Tensile testing is a commonly used mechanical testing method that can measure the deformation and fracture behavior of titanium-clad steel materials under tension, thereby understanding their mechanical properties. In this example, an MTS microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine was used to conduct tensile tests on titanium-clad steel specimens. During the tensile process, the specimens undergo deformation stages including elasticity, yielding, hardening, necking, and fracture.

[0107] Finite element analysis is a method for approximating boundary value problems. It approximates the infinite unknowns of the real system through computer-assisted calculation of a finite number of unknowns. The finite element analysis process is divided into: preprocessing, solution and post-processing. In the example of the present invention, the ANSYS Mechanical module is used to perform tensile finite element simulation on the Gr.2 / A36 titanium-clad steel specimen, mainly to solve the mechanical properties such as stress and strain of the titanium-clad steel specimen during the tensile process. The pre-processing work includes: geometric modeling and necessary simplification and improvement, definition of material elastic-plastic parameters, meshing, application of constraints and loads, etc., followed by corresponding solution and post-processing, and continuous adjustment of the model to approximate the real titanium-clad steel tensile test. The tensile finite element simulation of the Gr.2 / A36 titanium-clad steel specimen requires the input of real stress-strain. The engineering stress-strain curve can intuitively and concisely display the toughness and constitutive relationship of the object. Calculation formula:

[0108]

[0109] Where, σ e represents engineering stress, ε e represents engineering strain, F represents cross-sectional force, A0 represents the initial cross-sectional area of ​​the specimen, ΔL represents the gauge elongation, and L0 represents the gauge length.

[0110] In the plastic deformation section before necking, the true stress and strain calculation formulas are:

[0111] σ t =σ e (1+ε e )

[0112] ε t =ln(1+ε e )

[0113] Where, σ t and ε t represent true stress and true strain, respectively.

[0114] According to fracture mechanics theory, when a material crack occurs, it can be divided into three forms according to the crack and the force it bears, namely opening mode (Opening Mode, Type I), sliding mode (Sliding Mode, Type II), and tearing mode (Tearing Mode, Type III). Figure 10 As shown in Figure 2, the relative displacement of the upper and lower surfaces of a crack is a nonlinear, discontinuous deformation. Crack propagation in real objects can be viewed as a simple summation of these three basic fracture modes.

[0115] The fracture of materials can be observed and analyzed from multiple perspectives: at the atomic level, it can be viewed as the separation of atomic planes; at the microstructural level, for example, the fracture of fiber-reinforced composites can be studied by studying the mechanical mechanisms of the fiber-matrix and their interfaces, which can reveal the material's microphysical properties; at the macroscopic level, the object can be viewed as a whole, and corresponding parameters such as stress and strain can be analyzed to predict fracture. For titanium-clad steel tensile testing, the primary focus is on opening fracture, also known as Mode I fracture.

[0116] During the stretching process of titanium-clad steel, the digital twin can simulate the deformation process of titanium-clad steel materials, evaluate the mechanical properties and safety performance of titanium-clad steel, and predict its service status in actual applications. The technical solution of the present invention, through the application of digital twin technology, can predict the deformation and fracture behavior of titanium-clad steel materials under different strain rates and stress levels, provide a scientific basis for the application and design of titanium-clad steel, and improve the performance and reliability of titanium-clad steel materials. Digital twin technology is of great significance for the evaluation of the tensile properties and safety performance of titanium-clad steel materials. It can provide a scientific basis for the application and design of titanium-clad steel materials, improve the performance and reliability of titanium-clad steel materials, and ensure the safety and reliability of related fields.

[0117] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus comprising the element.

[0118] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for description only and do not represent the advantages or disadvantages of the embodiments.

[0119] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus the necessary general hardware platform, or of course by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk), and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present invention.

[0120] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are protected by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel materials, characterized in that: include: S1: Perform geometric modeling and meshing for the titanium-clad steel specimen to be analyzed, set boundary constraints and define titanium-steel contact, optimize load distribution, and thus establish a finite element model of the titanium-clad steel composite structure; S2: performing a finite element analysis of a titanium-clad steel tensile test based on the titanium-clad steel composite structure finite element model, and establishing a simulation model of tensile damage of a titanium-clad steel specimen; S3: Using the ANSYS Workbench platform, the input and output of the tensile damage simulation model of the titanium-clad steel specimen are parameterized, and then the experimental design is performed; S4: Using the Response Surface Method, the tensile damage simulation model of the titanium-clad steel specimen after the experimental design is reduced in order, and a reduced-order model FMU file is generated, which is then imported into ANSYS Twin Builder to construct a digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model; S5: Evaluate the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model, and then perform titanium-clad steel tensile damage analysis.

2. The method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Said S1 specifically includes: S11: Build a titanium-clad steel specimen model using ANSYS Spaceclaim; S12: performing mesh division on the titanium-clad steel specimen model; S13: Apply displacement load and additional clamping pressure to the clamping ends on both sides; S14: Set titanium-steel contact and set the friction coefficient according to the contact interface between the coating and the base layer; S15: Boundary constraints are set according to the tensile test clamping method, thereby establishing a finite element model of the titanium-clad steel composite structure.

3. The method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The S13 specifically includes: The clamping end A and the clamping end B serve as the fixed end and the loading end respectively; Fixed constraints are set on both sides of the outer surface of the clamping end A, and outward tensile displacement loads are set on both sides of the outer surface of the clamping end B; Apply additional clamping pressure to clamping ends A and B.

4. The method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the input and output quantities include: displacement, maximum value of equivalent elastic strain, maximum value of equivalent plastic strain, and maximum value of equivalent stress.

5. The method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes: In the ANSYS Workbench platform, the Explicit Dynamics explicit dynamics analysis system was used to numerically simulate the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel composite material specimens. Parameterizing the input and output of the tensile damage simulation model of the titanium-clad steel specimen; After completing the parameterization process, the Parameter Set management interface is generated; Design experiments in the Parameter Set management interface; The Latin hypercube sampling design method was used to generate the experimental samples.

6. The method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The Latin hypercube sampling design method is used to generate the test sample, which specifically includes: First, the range of each parameterized input quantity is divided into several intervals of equal probability, and then a sample point is randomly selected in each interval. Finally, these sample points are randomly combined to form a complete experimental plan.

7. The method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S4 specifically includes: For the tensile damage simulation model of the titanium-clad steel specimen after the experimental design, the Genetic Aggregation hybrid optimization algorithm is used to iteratively fit the coefficients to generate a reduced-order model; Exporting the reduced-order model into a standard FMU functional model unit file to generate a reduced-order model FMU file; After the reduced-order model FMU file is imported into the ANSYS Twin Builder platform, a digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model is constructed.

8. The method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S5 specifically includes: After constructing the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model, setting the twin model result curves, including: a twin model maximum stress-time curve, a twin model maximum elastic strain-time curve, and a twin model maximum plastic strain-time curve; By analyzing the maximum stress-time curve of the twin model, the maximum elastic strain-time curve of the twin model, and the maximum plastic strain-time curve of the twin model, the change pattern of the stress and strain of the digital twin model with time is determined, and the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model is evaluated; After the evaluation is passed, the digital twin model of the titanium-clad steel tensile damage model is used to analyze the titanium-clad steel tensile damage.

9. A system for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel materials, the system comprising: A processor and a memory for storing executable instructions; characterized in that the processor is configured to execute the executable instructions to execute the method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for constructing a digital twin model of the tensile damage process of titanium-clad steel material according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.

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