Assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A passive wireless device may implement one or more processes for maintaining and establishing a wireless connection. The passive wireless device may backscatter signaling received from other wireless devices such that communication parameters may be measured by the other wireless devices. A passive wireless device may receive and store information from a source reader. The passive wireless device may then receive control signaling from the target reader, and may communicate the stored information to the target reader in response to receiving the control signaling. The target reader may then communicate with the source reader to determine information for establishing a connection with the passive wireless device. The passive wireless device may also communicate with multiple sources and multiple readers for maintaining and establishing connections, which may enable the passive wireless device to efficiently perform mobility management.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following content covers wireless communications, including auxiliary measurements and mobility support for ambient devices. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and the like. These systems may be able to support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems (such as long term evolution (LTE) systems, advanced LTE (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as new radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ techniques such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each of which supports wireless communication for communication devices, which may be referred to as user equipment (UE).

[0003] Some wireless communication systems may support various types of wireless devices, including passive or ambient wireless devices (e.g., ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices) that may not be equipped with an internal power source but may instead utilize one or more external power sources. For example, some passive wireless devices may operate to harvest power via signaling received from other devices and may reflect or backscatter signaling rather than independently generating and transmitting signaling. In some cases, wireless devices (e.g., active wireless devices) may perform various procedures (e.g., pursuant to various communication protocols) for reference signaling and signal quality measurements, which in some cases may be associated with establishing and maintaining wireless connections (e.g., for mobility management). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support assisted measurement and mobility support for ambient devices. For example, the described techniques enable a passive wireless device to implement one or more procedures for maintaining and establishing wireless connections (e.g., for mobility management). In some examples, a passive or ambient wireless device can backscatter (e.g., reflect, transmit, send) signaling received from other wireless devices so that various communication parameters (e.g., signal quality metrics, signal power metrics) can be measured by one or more other wireless devices (e.g., one or more active wireless devices). For example, according to a first procedure for mobility management, a passive wireless device can receive and store information from a source reader (e.g., a first wireless device). The passive wireless device can then receive control signaling from a target reader (e.g., a second wireless device) and, in response to receiving the control signaling, transmit the stored information to the target reader. The target reader can then communicate with the source reader to determine information for establishing a connection with the passive wireless device. In some other cases, according to other procedures, a passive wireless device may communicate with multiple sources (e.g., radio frequency (RF) sources, wireless devices) and multiple readers (e.g., RF readers, wireless devices) for maintaining and establishing connections, which may enable the passive wireless device to effectively perform mobility management.

[0005] A method for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device is described. The method may include: receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an identifier associated with the first wireless device and an indication of a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; storing the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device at the passive backscatter device; receiving a control message from a second wireless device for activation of the passive backscatter device; and, in response to receiving the control message, transmitting a backscatter signal based on the activation of the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device.

[0006] An apparatus for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an identifier associated with the first wireless device and an indication of a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; store the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device at the passive backscatter device; receive a control message from a second wireless device for activation of the passive backscatter device; and, in response to receiving the control message, transmit a backscatter signal based on the activation of the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device.

[0007] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device is described. The apparatus may include: means for receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an identifier associated with the first wireless device and an indication of a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; means for storing the indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device at the passive backscatter device; means for receiving a control message from a second wireless device for activation of the passive backscatter device; and means for transmitting a backscatter signal based on the activation of the passive backscatter device in response to receiving the control message, the backscatter signal including at least the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an identifier associated with the first wireless device and an indication of a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; store the indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device at the passive backscatter device; receive a control message from a second wireless device for activating the passive backscatter device; and, in response to receiving the control message, transmit a backscatter signal based on the activation of the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device.

[0009] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving configuration information for a timer from a first wireless device, wherein the passive backscatter device refrains from sending backscatter signaling to one or more other wireless devices for a duration associated with the timer.

[0010] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a second message from a second wireless device, the second message indicating a second identifier for the second wireless device and an updated temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device.

[0011] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for establishing a connection with a second wireless device based on receiving the control message.

[0012] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the identifier associated with the first wireless device includes a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identity identifier.

[0013] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a second control message for the passive backscatter device from a second wireless device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscatter for measurement; and sending a second backscatter signal for measurement in response to receiving the second control message, wherein the second backscatter signal may be sent periodically.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: receiving a periodic synchronization signal from a second wireless device; and synchronizing timing for a backscatter signal based on the periodic synchronization signal received from the second wireless device, wherein sending the second backscatter signal may be based on the synchronized timing.

[0015] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving a continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal from the first wireless device, the third wireless device, or both, wherein sending a second backscatter signal may be based on modulating the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal on a symbol basis, and wherein data for backscattering may be preconfigured at the passive backscatter device.

[0016] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending a second backscatter signal may be based on modulating the incoming signal using a set of continuous square waves, and the set of continuous square waves may have a higher granularity than a symbol duration of the incoming signal.

[0017] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, an incoming signal may be received via a first channel, and a backscattered signal may be sent via a second channel adjacent to the first channel.

[0018] A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The method may include: sending a control message to a passive backscatter device for activation of the passive backscatter device; receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on the control message; sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal; and receiving the context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0019] An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: send a control message to a passive backscatter device for activation of the passive backscatter device; receive a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on the control message; send a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal; and receive the context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0020] Another apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The apparatus may include: means for sending a control message to a passive backscatter device for activation of the passive backscatter device; means for receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on the control message; means for sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal; and means for receiving the context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0021] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: send a control message to a passive backscatter device for activation of the passive backscatter device; receive a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on the control message; send a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal; and receive the context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0022] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: security key information for communication with a passive backscatter device, a mobile network assigned identifier for a passive backscatter device, or a list of product information associated with a passive backscatter device.

[0023] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the identifier associated with the second wireless device includes a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identifier.

[0024] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for establishing a connection with a passive backscatter device based on receiving the context information.

[0025] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending a second control message to a passive backscatter device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscatter for measurement; and receiving a second backscatter signal for measurement from the passive backscatter device.

[0026] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for: sending a periodic synchronization signal to a passive backscatter device; and synchronizing timing for receiving backscatter signaling based on the periodic synchronization signal sent to the passive backscatter device.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second backscatter signal can be based on amplitude modulating a continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal on a symbol basis, and the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal can be transmitted by the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both.

[0028] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for measuring a first metric in a first symbol of the second backscatter signal and a second metric in a second symbol of the second backscatter signal; and sending an indication to the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both as to whether subsequent communication with the passive backscatter device can be performed, wherein the indication may be based on the first metric and the second metric.

[0029] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for measuring a first metric in a first channel of a second backscatter signal and a second metric in a second channel of a second backscatter signal; and sending an indication to the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both as to whether subsequent communication with the passive backscatter device can be performed, wherein the indication may be based on the first metric and the second metric.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the first metric and the second metric include a reference signal received power metric or a reference signal received quality metric.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and non-transitory computer-readable media described herein, the second backscatter signal may be based on modulating an incoming signal using a set of continuous square waves, and the incoming signal may be transmitted by the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0033] Figure 2 An example of a framework supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for ambient devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0034] Figure 3 An example of a framework supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for ambient devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0035] Figure 4An example of a process flow supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for ambient devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0036] Figure 5 An example of a process flow supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for ambient devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0037] Figure 6 An example of a process flow supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for ambient devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0038] Figure 7A and Figure 7B An example of a communication configuration supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0039] Figure 8 An example of a communication configuration supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0040] Figure 9 and Figure 10 A block diagram illustrating a device supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0041] Figure 11 A block diagram illustrating a communication manager that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0042] Figure 12 A diagram illustrating a system including a device supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0043] Figure 13 and Figure 14 A block diagram illustrating a device supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0044] Figure 15 A block diagram illustrating a communication manager that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0045] Figure 16 A diagram illustrating a system including a device supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0046] Figures 17 to 20A flow chart illustrating a method of supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for ambient devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Some wireless communication systems may support various types of wireless devices, including passive wireless devices (e.g., Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices) that may not be equipped with an internal power source but may instead utilize one or more external power sources. For example, some passive wireless devices may operate to harvest power via signaling received from other devices and may reflect or backscatter signaling, rather than independently generating and transmitting signaling. In some cases, wireless devices (e.g., active wireless devices) may perform various procedures for reference signaling and signal quality measurements (e.g., following various communication protocols), which in some cases may be associated with establishing and maintaining wireless connections (e.g., for mobility management). However, such procedures may not be transferable to passive wireless devices (e.g., passive wireless devices may not be able to perform such procedures), which may introduce challenges associated with establishing and maintaining wireless connections. For example, some passive wireless devices may not be able to generate signaling and, therefore, may not be able to send reference signal measurement reports to other wireless devices. Additionally or alternatively, passive wireless devices may have relatively limited power usage (e.g., power resources) compared to active wireless devices. Additionally or alternatively, some passive wireless devices may routinely relay (eg, backscatter) communications between two or more non-co-located wireless devices, which may increase the complexity associated with mobility management.

[0048] According to examples described herein, a passive wireless device may implement one or more procedures for maintaining and establishing wireless connections (e.g., for mobility management). In some examples of such procedures, a passive wireless device may backscatter (e.g., reflect, transmit, send) signaling received from other wireless devices so that various communication parameters (e.g., signal quality metrics, signal power metrics) may be measured by one or more other wireless devices (e.g., one or more active wireless devices). For example, according to a first procedure for mobility management, a passive wireless device may receive and store information from a source reader (e.g., a first wireless device). The passive wireless device may then receive control signaling from a target reader (e.g., a second wireless device) and, in response to receiving the control signaling, may transmit the stored information to the target reader. The target reader may then communicate with the source reader to determine information for establishing a connection with the passive wireless device. In some other cases, according to other procedures, a passive wireless device may communicate with multiple sources (e.g., radio frequency (RF) sources, wireless devices) and multiple readers (e.g., RF readers, wireless devices) for maintaining and establishing connections, which may enable the passive wireless device to effectively perform mobility management.

[0049] Various aspects of the present disclosure are first described in the context of wireless communication systems. Aspects of the present disclosure are further described in the context of frameworks, process flows, and communication configurations. Aspects of the present disclosure are also illustrated and described by reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flow charts related to assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices.

[0050] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating according to other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0051] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices that take different forms or have different capabilities. In various examples, the network entities 105 may be referred to as network elements, mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may communicate wirelessly via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., RF access links). For example, the network entities 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) within which the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area within which the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may support signal communication according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0052] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout the coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary or mobile or both stationary and mobile at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices that take different forms or have different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communication with various types of devices such as Figure 1 Other UEs 115 or network entities 105 are shown communicating.

[0053] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as a network node or wireless node) may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, the node may be a UE 115. As another example, the node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. may include disclosure of UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, etc. as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that the first node is configured to receive information from the second node.

[0054] In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with core network 130, or with each other, or both. For example, network entities 105 can communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with each other via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols), either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130). In some examples, network entities 105 can communicate with each other via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., according to a midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., according to a fronthaul interface protocol), or any combination thereof. Backhaul communication links 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 can be or include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with core network 130 via communication link 155 .

[0055] One or more of the network entities 105 described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a transceiver base station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a Node B, an eNodeB (eNB), a next-generation Node B, or a gigabit Node B (any of which may be referred to as a gNB), a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), a Home Node B, a Home evolved Node B, or other suitable terminology). In some examples, the network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in a converged (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as the base station 140).

[0056] In some examples, the network entity 105 can be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more network entities 105, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, the network entity 105 can include one or more of the following: a central unit (CU) 160, a distributed unit (DU) 165, a radio unit (RU) 170, a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near real-time RIC (near RT RIC), a non-real-time RIC (non-RT RIC)), a service management and orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. The RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, smart radio head, remote radio head (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit receive point (TRP). One or more components of the network entity 105 in the disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0057] The functional split between CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack can be employed between CU 160 and DU 165 such that CU 160 can support one or more layers of a protocol stack and DU 165 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170, and the one or more DUs 165 or RUs 170 may host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between the DU 165 and the RU 170, such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs 170). In some cases, the functional split between the CU 160 and the DU 165 or between the DU 165 and the RU 170 may be within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer may be performed by one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer may be performed by a different one of the CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). The CU 160 may be further functionally split into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. The CU 160 may be connected to one or more DUs 165 via midhaul communication links 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and the DU 165 may be connected to one or more RUs 170 via fronthaul communication links 168 (e.g., an open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, midhaul communication link 162 or fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented according to an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 105 that communicate via such communication links.

[0058] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources used for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or IAB donor. One or more DUs 165 or one or more RUs 170 may be partially controlled by one or more CUs 160 associated with a donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB nodes 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). The IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by the DU 165 of the coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include an independent set of antennas for relaying communications with the UE 115, or may share the same antennas of the IAB node 104 (e.g., of the RU 170) for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node 104 (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, the IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of the IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0059] In the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., an IAB node 104, a DU 165, a CU 160, a RU 170, a RIC 175, a SMO 180).

[0060] UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where "device" may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, etc. UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects, such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0061] The UE 115 described herein may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115, which may sometimes act as relays, as well as network entities 105 and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 shown.

[0062] The UE 115 and the network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a collection of RF spectrum resources having a physical layer structure defined for supporting the communication link 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link 125 can include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) that operates according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel can carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling for coordinating carrier operations, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 can support communications with the UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, the UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used for both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between the network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between those devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of the network entity 105. For example, the terms "send," "receive," or "communicate" when referring to the network entity 105 may refer to any portion of the network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) of the RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0063] The signal waveform transmitted via the carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to the resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high order of the modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, time resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0064] The time interval for the network entity 105 or the UE 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit, which may be, for example, a sampling period T. s =1 / (Δf max ·N f ) period seconds, where Δf max It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and N f The supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size may be indicated. Time intervals of communication resources may be organized according to radio frames, each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0065] Each frame may include a plurality of consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a certain number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a certain number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended in front of each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, the time slot may be further divided into a plurality of mini-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., N f The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0066] A subframe, slot, mini-slot, or symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a Transmit Time Interval (TTI). In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., the number of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of a shortened TTI (sTTI)).

[0067] According to various techniques, physical channels may be multiplexed using carriers for communication. Physical control channels and physical data channels may be multiplexed for signaling over downlink carriers, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET)) of a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth of a carrier or a subset of the system bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more of UEs 115 may monitor or search the control region for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. The aggregation level of a control channel candidate may refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space sets may include a common search space set configured for transmitting control information to multiple UEs 115 and a UE-specific search space set for transmitting control information to a specific UE 115 .

[0068] In some examples, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) can be mobile and, therefore, provide communication coverage for mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 can be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies can be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 can include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 provide coverage for various coverage areas 110 using the same or different radio access technologies.

[0069] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different network entities 105 may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, the network entities 105 may have different frame timing, and in some examples, transmissions from different network entities 105 may not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operation.

[0070] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be low-cost or low-complexity devices and may provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technology that allows devices to communicate with each other or with a network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or acquire information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents it to a person interacting with the application. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or implement automated behavior of machines or other equipment. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0071] The wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). The UE 115 can be designed to support ultra-reliable or low-latency or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication can include private or group communications and can be supported by one or more services (such as push-to-talk, video, or data). Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions can include prioritization of services, and such services can be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms "ultra-reliable," "low latency," and "ultra-reliable low latency" are used interchangeably herein.

[0072] In some examples, a UE 115 can be configured to support communication directly with other UEs 115 via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to a peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocol). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in a group performing D2D communication can be within a coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a RU 170), which can support aspects of such D2D communication configured by the network entity 105 (e.g., scheduled by the network entity). In some examples, one or more UEs 115 in such a group can be outside the coverage area 110 of the network entity 105 or can otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from the network entity 105. In some examples, a group of UEs 115 communicating via D2D communication can support a one-to-many (1:M) system, in which each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0073] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), an access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or a user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for UEs 115 served by network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred via the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation and other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to the IP services 150 of one or more network operators. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0074] The wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands that can range from 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz). Generally speaking, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from about one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves can be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which can be referred to as clusters), but these waves can penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to a UE 115 located indoors. Communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and a shorter range (e.g., less than 100 kilometers) than communication using the lower frequencies and longer waves in the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz.

[0075] The wireless communication system 100 can utilize licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 can use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entity 105 and the UE 115 can employ carrier sensing for conflict detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands can be based on carrier aggregation configuration (e.g., LAA) in combination with component carriers operating using licensed bands. Operations using unlicensed spectrum can include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among others.

[0076] A network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of the network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with the network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. The network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a set of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communications with the UE 115. Similarly, the UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panels may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0077] Beamforming (which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array so that some signals propagating along a particular orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to signals communicated via antenna elements can include the transmitting device or the receiving device applying an amplitude offset, a phase offset, or both to signals carried via antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements can be defined by a set of beamforming weights associated with a particular orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting device or the receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0078] The wireless communication system 100 may support various types of wireless devices, including passive or ambient wireless devices (e.g., A-IoT devices, UE 115) that may not be equipped with an internal power source but may instead utilize one or more external power sources. For example, some passive wireless devices may operate to harvest power via signaling received from other devices (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) and may reflect or backscatter signaling rather than independently generating and transmitting signaling (e.g., in the absence of a source signal or activation signal received at the passive wireless device). In some cases, wireless devices (e.g., active wireless devices) may perform various procedures for reference signaling and signal quality measurements (e.g., following various communication protocols), which in some cases may be associated with establishing and maintaining wireless connections (e.g., for mobility management). However, such procedures may not be transferable to passive wireless devices (e.g., the passive wireless device may be unable to perform such procedures due to reduced power or limited capabilities of the passive wireless device), which may introduce challenges associated with establishing and maintaining wireless connections. For example, some passive wireless devices may not be able to generate signaling and, therefore, may not be able to send reports (e.g., reference signal measurement reports) to other wireless devices without a source signal or activation signal. Additionally or alternatively, the power usage (e.g., power resources) of passive wireless devices may be limited relative to active wireless devices, which may limit the available power for signaling (e.g., for mobility management). Additionally or alternatively, some passive wireless devices may routinely relay (e.g., backscatter) communications between two or more non-co-located wireless devices, which may increase the complexity associated with mobility management.

[0079] According to examples described herein, a passive wireless device (such as a UE 115) may be referred to as an ambient wireless device, a semi-passive wireless device, a semi-active wireless device, an ambient IoT device, a tag, an RF identification (RFID) tag, etc. The passive wireless device may implement one or more procedures for maintaining and establishing wireless connections (e.g., for mobility management). In some examples of such procedures, the passive wireless device may backscatter (e.g., reflect, transmit, send) signaling received from other wireless devices (e.g., a network entity 105 or another UE 115) so that various communication parameters (e.g., signal quality metrics, signal power metrics) may be measured by one or more other wireless devices (e.g., one or more active wireless devices). For example, according to a first procedure for mobility management, the passive wireless device may receive and store information from a source reader (e.g., a first wireless device, a UE 115, a network entity 105, an active wireless device). The passive wireless device may then receive control signaling from a target reader (e.g., a second wireless device, UE 115, network entity 105, active wireless device) and may transmit the stored information to the target reader in response to receiving the control signaling. The target reader may then communicate with the source reader to determine information for establishing a connection with the passive wireless device. In some other cases, according to other procedures, the passive wireless device may communicate with multiple sources (e.g., RF sources, wireless devices) and multiple readers (e.g., RF readers, wireless devices) to maintain and establish connections, which may enable the passive wireless device to efficiently perform mobility management.

[0080] Figure 2 An example of a framework 200 for supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The framework 200 may include multiple configurations 210 (e.g., scenarios), which may each illustrate a different signaling operation (e.g., mode) between wireless devices. The framework 200 may include network entities 105 (e.g., network entity 105-a, network entity 105-b, network entity 105-c, network entity 105-d, and network entity 105-e) and UEs 115 (e.g., UE 115-a, UE 115-b, UE 115-c, UE 115-d, and UE 115-e), which may be as described in reference to FIG. Figure 1Examples of corresponding network entities 105 and UEs 115 are described. The framework 200 may also include passive wireless devices 205 (e.g., A-IoT devices, backscatter devices, tags, RFID tags) that can transmit, reflect, or transmit backscatter communications (e.g., reflections, modulated reflections) using transmissions received from other wireless devices. For example, the framework 200 may include passive wireless devices 205-a, passive wireless devices 205-b, passive wireless devices 205-c, passive wireless devices 205-d, passive wireless devices 205-e, and passive wireless devices 205-f.

[0081] In some cases, the network entity 105 and the UE 115 can communicate with the passive wireless device 205 in various capacities and otherwise interact with it. For example, a wireless device that sends signaling to the passive wireless device 205 can be referred to as a source or source reader. Additionally or alternatively, a wireless device that receives signaling (e.g., backscatter signaling) from the passive wireless device 205 can be referred to as a reader or target reader. Thus, the network entity 105 and the UE 115 that send signaling to the passive wireless device 205 can be referred to herein as a source or source reader. Additionally or alternatively, the network entity 105 and the UE 115 that receive signaling from the passive wireless device 205 can be referred to herein as a reader or target reader.

[0082] The framework 200 may include communication links 225, which may be as described in reference Figure 1 1. Examples of communication links 125 are described. Communication links 225 may be used for different types of communications. For example, communication link 225-a may be an example of a continuous wave communication link and may be used for continuous wave signaling. In some cases, continuous wave signaling may be used as a carrier signal for backscatter communication. Additionally or alternatively, communication link 225-a may be an example of a forward link communication link that may carry control signaling (e.g., to one or more passive wireless devices 205 that may activate the one or more passive wireless devices 205). Although shown as a single communication link 225-a, each communication link 225-a may be an example of a continuous wave communication link, a forward link communication link, or both. For example, communication link 225-a may be used for forward link signaling, continuous wave signaling, or both.

[0083] Communication link 225-b may be an example of a backscatter communication link that may carry information (e.g., data) from passive wireless device 205. For example, passive wireless device 205-a may receive continuous wave signaling from network entity 105-a and may backscatter the continuous wave signaling via communication link 225-b (e.g., to network entity 105-a). Communication link 225-c may be an example of a Uu communication link that may be used for communication (e.g., non-backscatter communication) between network entity 105 and UE 115.

[0084] In some cases, the passive wireless device 205 can be used to reduce the complexity and power consumption of wireless communications by operating with reduced complexity or capabilities or relatively low power compared to other wireless devices. For example, some passive wireless devices 205 may be capable of operating with power consumption that may be several orders of magnitude lower than existing enhanced machine type communication (eMTC) devices or narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) devices. As described herein, the passive wireless device 205 may be an example of one or more types of passive wireless devices 205. For example, the passive wireless device 205 may be an example of a Type A battery-less wireless device that has no energy storage capability. Such a passive wireless device 205 may depend on the availability of an external energy (e.g., power) source (such as the network entity 105, the UE 115, or both). In some other cases, the passive wireless device 205 may be an example of a Type B wireless device that has some energy storage and may be referred to as a semi-active wireless device. For example, a Type B wireless device may include a capacitor, a supercapacitor, a battery, or any other type of energy storage component. In some cases, the energy storage component of a Type B wireless device may operate without replacing or recharging the energy storage component.

[0085] In some cases, the passive wireless device 205 may be referred to as an A-IoT device, a tag, a battery-free UE, or a passive UE. Additionally or alternatively, the passive wireless device 205 may not be equipped with active or usable RF components. The passive wireless device 205 may perform data transmission based on modulating one or more incident RF signals transmitted by one or more RF transmitters (e.g., a mobile terminal (MT), a network entity 105, a UE 115). In some cases, RF signals (e.g., ambient RF signals, signals received by the passive wireless device 205) may be used as carriers for backscatter communication and energy resources for power harvesting. For example, the passive wireless device may receive a signal (e.g., a continuous wave signal, a forward link signal) from a wireless device and may perform one or more operations to convert energy from the signal into usable power at the passive wireless device 205.

[0086] As described herein, the passive wireless device 205 can be deployed in various configurations 210 (e.g., scenarios). For example, as shown in configurations 210-a and 210-b, the passive wireless device 205 can communicate with a single full-duplex wireless device (such as the network entity 105-a or the UE 115-a). Such configurations 210 (e.g., configurations 210-a and 210-b) can be referred to as single-station. In such configurations 210, the network entity 105-a and the UE 115-a can be examples of readers, sources, or both. As shown in configurations 210-c, 210-d, 210-e, and 210-f, the passive wireless device 205 can communicate with the network entity 105 and the UE 115 (e.g., collaboratively, synchronously). Such configurations 210 can be referred to as dual-station. In such a configuration 210, the network entity 105, the UE 115, or both may be examples of a reader (eg, a half-duplex reader), a source, or both.

[0087] According to some protocols for wireless communication systems, a UE 115 (e.g., a non-passive device, an active device) may perform various operations that may not be easily transferred to or performed by a passive wireless device 205. For example, the UE 115 may perform operations to establish and maintain a wireless connection, which may be utilized in scenarios where the UE 115 moves between coverage areas or cells of different network entities 105. For example, after initially searching for and successfully registering with a network (e.g., with a network entity 105), the UE 115 may continue to perform measurements to search for and detect new candidate cells, thereby ensuring that the UE 115 camps on a cell ranked above a threshold, a highest priority cell, or both.

[0088] UE 115 may perform one or more measurements on a serving cell. For example, UE 115 may measure one or more synchronization signal reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and one or more synchronization signal reference signal received quality (SS-RSRQ) of a serving cell once or more per discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. In some cases, the DRX cycle length may be configured to be 320 ms, 640 ms, 1.28 s, or 2.56 s. In some cases, UE 115 may perform one or more measurements on intra-frequency, inter-frequency, and inter-RAT cells. Unlike serving cell evaluation (e.g., measurement), neighbor cell evaluation may be stopped or further relaxed for UE 115 depending on the quality of the serving cell and / or if one or more conditions are met (e.g., if UE 115 is not at a cell edge or for a low mobility UE). Neighbor cell measurements and corresponding cell searches may be performed for a threshold period (e.g., a minimum period), which may be longer than measurements on a serving cell and may depend on the DRX cycle length and frequency (e.g., periodicity). If the serving cell has not met one or more conditions after N consecutive DRX cycles, the UE 115 may fall back to measuring all neighboring cells and performing cell selection regardless of the measurement rules that currently restrict the UE's 115 measurement activity.

[0089] In connected mode, the UE 115 can perform radio link management (RLM) and channel state information (CSI) measurements (e.g., layer 1 RSRP), mobility-related measurements, and monitoring and measurements for beam management (BM) (e.g., beam failure detection (BFD) and link recovery). For mobility-related measurements, the measurement activity or applicability is determined by the measurement configuration (e.g., synchronization signal block / physical broadcast channel measurement timing configuration (SMTC) periodicity, measurement gaps) provided by the network (e.g., network entity 105). RLM, BFD, and CSI measurements may also depend on the network configuration of the periodicity of the associated reference signal resources (e.g., during active time or when the DRX on duration timer is running).

[0090] For passive wireless devices 205, there may be a limit on power consumption (e.g., 100 microwatts (uWs) or less). Periodic measurements performed by UE 115 (e.g., non-passive or active) may result in a significant percentage of power consumption, which may present a trade-off between power consumption and performance. Due to the use of low-order analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) or comparators, the simple receiver architecture used by passive wireless devices 205 may not support measurement functionality or may have limited support for measurement functionality. In some cases, the passive wireless device 205 may not generate its own carrier signal, but may modulate the incoming signal to backscatter its data to the reader. For example, when no signal is received from a source (e.g., an RF source), the passive wireless device 205 may not initiate a backscatter transmission (e.g., for measurement reporting). If a dual-station deployment is used for the passive wireless device 205, radio resource management (RRM) and mobility management may be relatively complex compared to a single-station deployment (e.g., due to the non-co-located RF source transmitter and reader receiver). In such cases, the passive wireless device 205 may not only select an appropriate RF source for RF signal transmission (eg, backscatter), but also an appropriate reader for receiving the modulated backscatter signal.

[0091] According to examples described herein, the passive wireless device 205 can implement one or more procedures for maintaining and establishing wireless connections (e.g., for mobility management). In some examples of such procedures, the passive wireless device 205 can backscatter (e.g., reflect, transmit, send) signaling received from other wireless devices (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) so that various communication parameters (e.g., signal quality metrics, signal power metrics) can be measured by one or more other wireless devices (e.g., one or more active wireless devices). For example, according to a first procedure for mobility management, the passive wireless device 205 can receive and store information from a source reader (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115). The passive wireless device can then receive control signaling from a target reader (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) and, in response to receiving the control signaling, can transmit the stored information to the target reader. The target reader can then communicate with the source reader to determine information for establishing a connection with the passive wireless device 205. In some other cases, according to other procedures, the passive wireless device 205 can communicate with multiple sources (e.g., RF sources, wireless devices) and multiple readers (e.g., RF readers, wireless devices) for maintaining and establishing connections, which can enable the passive wireless device 205 to effectively perform mobility management.

[0092] Figure 3An example of a framework 300 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The framework 300 may include multiple configurations 310, each of which may illustrate a different mobility scenario for a wireless device moving between coverage areas 315. The framework 300 may include a network entity 105 and a UE 115, which may be as described in reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples of the respective network entities 105 and UEs 115 are described. The framework 300 may also include passive wireless devices 205 (e.g., A-IoT devices, backscatter devices, tags) that can transmit backscatter communications (e.g., reflections, modulated reflections) using transmissions received from other wireless devices.

[0093] The framework 300 may include communication links 325, which may be as described in reference Figure 1 The communication link 125 described and as referenced Figure 2 2. The communication links 325 are described as examples of communication links 225. Communication links 325 can be used for different types of communications. For example, communication link 325-a can be an example of a continuous wave communication link and can be used for continuous wave signaling. In some cases, continuous wave signaling can be used as a carrier signal for backscatter communication. Additionally or alternatively, communication link 325-a can be an example of a forward link communication link that can carry control signaling (e.g., to one or more passive wireless devices 205). Although shown as a single communication link 325-a, each communication link 325-a can be an example of a continuous wave communication link, a forward link communication link, or both. For example, communication link 325-a can be used for forward link signaling, continuous wave signaling, or both.

[0094] Communication link 325-b may be an example of a backscatter communication link that may carry information (e.g., data) from passive wireless device 205. For example, passive wireless device 205-g may receive continuous wave signaling from UE 115-f and may backscatter the continuous wave signaling via communication link 325-b (e.g., to network entity 105-f). Communication link 325-c may be an example of a Uu communication link that may be used for communication (e.g., non-backscatter communication) between network entity 105 and UE 115.

[0095] Configuration 310-a may illustrate an example of a passive wireless device 205-g moving out of coverage area 315-a and into coverage area 315-b. Additionally or alternatively, configuration 310-a may illustrate an example of a passive wireless device 205-g switching from a first source (e.g., UE 115-f) to a second source (e.g., UE 115-g) while maintaining connection to a single reader (e.g., network entity 105-f). Coverage area 315-a may be used by UE 115-f, network entity 105-f, or both. Coverage area 315-b may be used by UE 115-g, network entity 105-f, or both. As shown, the passive wireless device 205-g may receive signaling from UE 115-f and transmit (e.g., send) backscatter signaling to the network entity 105-f (e.g., when operating in coverage area 315-a). The passive wireless device 205-g may then move to coverage area 315-b. When operating in coverage area 315-b, passive wireless device 205-g may receive signaling from UE 115-g and transmit backscatter signaling to network entity 105-f. Although one example described with reference to configuration 310-a includes passive wireless device 205-g moving from coverage area 315-a to coverage area 315-b, passive wireless device 205-g may remain relatively stationary as UE 115-f, UE 115-g, or both move between coverage area 315-a and coverage area 315-b.

[0096] Configuration 310-b may illustrate an example of a passive wireless device 205-h moving out of coverage area 315-c and into coverage area 315-d. Additionally or alternatively, configuration 310-b may illustrate an example of a passive wireless device 205-h switching from a first reader (e.g., UE 115-h) to a second reader (e.g., UE 115-i) while maintaining connection to a single source (e.g., network entity 105-g). Coverage area 315-c may be available to UE 115-h, network entity 105-g, or both. Coverage area 315-d may be available to UE 115-i, network entity 105-g, or both. As shown, the passive wireless device 205-h may receive signaling from the network entity 105-g and transmit (e.g., send) backscatter signaling to the UE 115-h (e.g., when operating in coverage area 315-c). The passive wireless device 205-h may then move to coverage area 315-d. When operating in coverage area 315-d, passive wireless device 205-h may receive signaling from network entity 105-g and transmit backscatter signaling to UE 115-i. Although one example described with reference to configuration 310-b includes passive wireless device 205-h moving from coverage area 315-c to coverage area 315-d, passive wireless device 205-h may also remain relatively stationary as UE 115-h, UE 115-i, or both move between coverage area 315-c and coverage area 315-d.

[0097] Configuration 310-c may illustrate an example of passive wireless device 205-i moving out of coverage area 315-e and into coverage area 315-f. Additionally or alternatively, configuration 310-c may illustrate an example of passive wireless device 205-i switching from a first reader (e.g., network entity 105-h) and a first source (e.g., UE 115-j) to a second reader (e.g., network entity 105-i) and a second source (e.g., UE 115-k). Coverage area 315-e may be available to UE 115-j, network entity 105-h, or both. Coverage area 315-f may be available to UE 115-k, network entity 105-i, or both. As shown, passive wireless device 205-i may receive signaling from UE 115-j and transmit (e.g., send) backscatter signaling to network entity 105-h (e.g., when operating in coverage area 315-e). The passive wireless device 205-i may then move to the coverage area 315-f. While operating in the coverage area 315-f, the passive wireless device 205-i may receive signaling from the UE 115-k and transmit backscatter signaling to the network entity 105-i.

[0098] According to examples as described herein, the passive wireless device 205 can implement one or more processes for maintaining and establishing wireless connections (e.g., for mobility management). In some examples of such processes, the passive wireless device 205 can backscatter (e.g., reflect, transmit, send) signaling received from other wireless devices (e.g., UE 115, network entity 105) so that various communication parameters (e.g., signal quality metrics, signal power metrics) can be measured by one or more other wireless devices (e.g., one or more active wireless devices). Such processes for maintaining and establishing wireless connections can be applied to any of the configurations 310, which can enable more efficient and reliable communication for the passive wireless device 205.

[0099] Figure 4 An example of a process flow 400 for supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some cases, the process flow 400 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the framework 200, or the framework 300. For example, the process flow 400 may include a passive wireless device 205-j, which may be a passive wireless device such as the one described in reference to FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The process flow 400 may additionally or alternatively include network entity 105-j and network entity 105-k, which may be as described in reference Figures 1 to 3 The network entity 105 is described.

[0100] In the following description of process flow 400, operations between the passive wireless device 205-j, the network entity 105-j, and the network entity 105-k may be performed in a different order than shown. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 400, or other operations may be added to process flow 400. Furthermore, although some operations or communications are shown as occurring at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may occur at the same time. Additionally or alternatively, although the passive wireless device 205-j, the network entity 105-j, and the network entity 105-k are shown as performing several operations of process flow 400, any wireless device may perform the operations shown.

[0101] At 405, the passive wireless device 205-j (e.g., a passive backscatter device) and the network entity 105-j (e.g., a first wireless device, a source reader) may establish a connection. In some cases, establishing the connection may include the network entity 105-j transmitting one or more reference signals to the passive wireless device 205-j and determining that one or more conditions associated with signal quality or signal power of the one or more reference signals are satisfied. In some cases, establishing the connection may not include transmitting the one or more reference signals. For example, the network entity 105-j and the passive wireless device 205-j may have established a connection based on the network entity 105-j transmitting any signal to the passive wireless device 205-j.

[0102] At 410, the passive wireless device 205-j may receive a first message from the network entity 105-j that includes at least an indication of an identifier associated with the network entity 105-j and a temporary identifier for the passive wireless device 205-j. In some cases, the identifier associated with the network entity 105-j includes a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identity identifier.

[0103] In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-j may store an indication of an identifier associated with the network entity 105-j and a temporary identifier for the passive wireless device 205-j at the passive wireless device 205-j. In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-j may receive configuration information for a timer from the network entity 105-j, wherein the passive wireless device 205-j refrains from sending backscatter signaling to one or more other wireless devices for a duration associated with the timer.

[0104] At 415 , the passive wireless device 205 - j may receive a control message (eg, a query command) for activation of the passive wireless device 205 - j from the network entity 105 - k (eg, a second wireless device, a target reader).

[0105] At 420, the passive wireless device 205-j may transmit a backscatter signal based on activation of the passive wireless device 205-j in response to receiving the control message, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the network entity 105-j and a temporary identifier associated with the passive wireless device 205-j.

[0106] At 425, the network entity 105-k may send a request for context information to the network entity 105-j based on receiving the backscatter signal (e.g., from the passive wireless device 205-j). In some cases, the network entity 105-k may receive context information for the passive wireless device 205-j from the network entity 105-j. The context information may include one or more of: security key information for communication with the passive wireless device 205-j, a mobile network assigned identifier for the passive wireless device 205-j, or a list of product information associated with the passive wireless device 205-j. The list of product information may include a serial number of the passive wireless device 205-j, an application layer ID, or other potential information associated with the passive wireless device 205-j.

[0107] At 430 , a second message is received from the network entity 105 - k , the second message indicating a second identifier for the network entity 105 - k and an updated temporary identifier for the passive wireless device 205 - j .

[0108] At 435 , the passive wireless device 205 - j and the network entity 105 - k may establish a connection based on the control message (eg, based on receipt of the control message by the passive wireless device 205 - j ).

[0109] The process flow 400 may be an example of reader-assisted mobility control for a passive wireless device 205-j (e.g., without measurement capabilities). In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-j may utilize a single-bit ADC or comparator. In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-j may utilize a query and response protocol to communicate with the network entity 105-j, the network entity 105-k, or both. That is, the passive wireless device 205-j may not initiate a search process to identify a cell (e.g., a reader) to camp on. Additionally or alternatively, the passive wireless device 205-j may not initiate communication and may instead operate passively.

[0110] To support mobility, the passive wireless device 205-j may store an ID for a previously resident reader (e.g., a source reader, network entity 105-j) and may include the ID in a response message to a query command from the network entity 105-k (e.g., at 415). Upon receiving the source reader ID (e.g., an ID for network entity 105-j), the target reader (e.g., network entity 105-k) may retrieve the stored context information for the passive wireless device 205-j from the network entity 105-j and use the context information to reestablish an RRC connection with the passive wireless device 205-j (e.g., at 435). To avoid ping-pong reader selection, the network entity 105-j may configure a timer (e.g., at the passive wireless device 205-j). While the timer is running, the passive wireless device 205-j may refrain from responding to query commands from a different network entity 105 (e.g., network entity 105-k). In some cases, the reader ID (e.g., an ID for network entity 105-j, an ID for network entity 105-k) may be a PCI (e.g., if network entity 105 is used as a reader). In some other cases, if UE 115 is used as a reader, the reader ID may be a cell radio network temporary identifier (C-RNTI), a 5G system architecture evolution temporary mobile subscriber identity (5G-S-TMSI), or any ID configured by higher layer signaling. In some cases, network entity 105 may assign a temporary UE ID (similar to a C-RNTI for an active UE) for its communication with passive wireless device 205-j. The temporary UE ID may be valid for the corresponding network entity 105 (e.g., for the network entity 105 that assigned the temporary UE ID).

[0111] The context information may include at least a unique ID assigned by the core network (if the passive wireless device 205-j is registered with the core network), or a tag product ID or any other ID used for device identification (if the passive wireless device 205-j is not registered with the core network but is directly managed by a third-party application server). The context information may also include security key information assigned to the passive wireless device 205-j by the network entity 105-j and higher-layer configuration information (e.g., periodic backscatter transmission configuration for reader-assisted RRM). In such cases, the network entity 105-k can know where to transmit after receiving the tag data based on the context information. For example, the network entity 105-k can reuse the previous configuration to perform assisted RRM measurements.

[0112] Figure 5An example of a process flow 500 for supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some cases, the process flow 500 can implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the framework 200, the framework 300, or the process flow 400. For example, the process flow 500 may include a passive wireless device 205-k, which may be a passive wireless device such as the one described in reference Figures 2 to 4 1. Additionally or alternatively, the process flow 500 may include UE 115-L, UE 115-m, and network entity 105-L, which may be as described with reference to FIG. Figures 1 to 4 As described herein, the process flow 500 may be an example of a process for a passive wireless device 205-k to offload one or more measurements for RRM to a reader (e.g., the network entity 105-L) or a source (e.g., the UE 115-L, the UE 115-m). For example, the network entity 105-L may perform one or more measurements (e.g., of backscattered signals) to select whether the passive wireless device 205-k communicates with the UE 115-L, the UE 115-m, or both.

[0113] In the following description of process flow 500, operations between the passive wireless device 205-k, UE 115-L, UE 115-m, and network entity 105-L may be performed in a different order than shown. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 500, or other operations may be added to process flow 500. Furthermore, although some operations or communications are shown as occurring at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may occur at the same time. Additionally or alternatively, although the passive wireless device 205-k, UE 115-L, UE 115-m, and network entity 105-L are shown as performing multiple operations of process flow 500, any wireless device may perform the operations shown.

[0114] At 505, the network entity 105-L may configure the UE 115-m (e.g., for communication with the passive wireless device 205-k). For example, the network entity 105-L may send a message to the UE 115-m indicating whether the UE 115-m is to send signaling to the passive wireless device 205-k. In some cases, the network entity 105-L may configure the UE 115-m to periodically send one or more signals (e.g., a continuous wave signal, a synchronization signal) to the passive wireless device 205-k. In some cases, the sending of the one or more signals may be based on a protocol or specification for wireless communication (e.g., for 5G NR communication).

[0115] At 510, the network entity 105-L may configure the UE 115-L (e.g., for communication with the passive wireless device 205-k). For example, the network entity 105-L may send a message to the UE 115-L indicating whether the UE 115-L is to send signaling to the passive wireless device 205-k. In some cases, the network entity 105-L may configure the UE 115-L to periodically send one or more signals (e.g., a continuous wave signal, a synchronization signal) to the passive wireless device 205-k. In some cases, the sending of the one or more signals may be based on a protocol or specification for wireless communication (e.g., for 5G NR communication). In some cases, the UE 115-L, the UE 115-m, and the passive wireless device 205-k may be located in the same cell (e.g., in the same coverage area of ​​the network entity 105-L).

[0116] At 515, the passive wireless device 205-k may receive signaling from the UE 115-m. The signaling may include a control message for activation of the passive wireless device 205-k. In some cases, the signaling may include continuous wave signaling (e.g., for backscatter). Additionally or alternatively, as described herein, the signaling received from the UE 115-m may be referred to as an incoming signal or RF signal. The signaling received from the UE 115-m may be sent via the communication link 325-a, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 described.

[0117] At 520, the passive wireless device 205-k may, in response to receiving signaling (e.g., a control message), send (e.g., transmit) a backscatter signal that includes at least an indication of an identifier for another wireless device (such as the network entity 105-L, the UE 115-L, the UE 115-m, or any combination thereof). The backscatter signal may also include a temporary ID for the passive wireless device 205-k. In such cases, sending the backscatter signal may be based on activation of the passive wireless device 205-k. In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-k may reflect and backscatter modulate an incoming signal (e.g., the signaling received at 515) at the symbol level or the sample level. The incoming signal may be backscattered toward the network entity 105-L (e.g., to a reader). In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-k may be roughly synchronized (e.g., communicating) with the network entity 105-L to support periodic backscatter without triggering.

[0118] At 525, the passive wireless device 205-k may receive second signaling from the UE 115-L. The second signaling may include a second control message for the passive wireless device 205-k. In some cases, the second control message may include a configuration for periodic backscatter for measurements (e.g., by another wireless device). In some cases, the second signaling may include continuous wave signaling (e.g., for backscatter).

[0119] The passive wireless device 205-k may receive a periodic synchronization signal from the UE 115-L at 530. In such cases, the passive wireless device 205-k may synchronize timing for the backscatter signal (e.g., to be sent at 535) based on the periodic synchronization signal received from the UE 115-L.

[0120] At 535, the passive wireless device 205-k may transmit a second backscatter signal for measurement (e.g., by the network entity 105-L) in response to receiving the second signaling (e.g., the second control message). In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-k may periodically transmit the second backscatter signal (e.g., based on a configuration for periodic backscatter). In some cases, transmitting the second backscatter signal may be based on synchronized timing (e.g., between the passive wireless device 205-k and the UE 115-L). In some cases, the network entity 105-L may measure and compare the RSRP, RSRQ, or both of the backscatter signal and the second backscatter signal. Based on the comparison, the network entity 105-L may select the UE 115-L, the UE 115-m, or both for subsequent communications with the passive wireless device 205-k. For example, the network entity 105-L may select the UE 115 corresponding to the strongest RSRP, RSRQ, or both.

[0121] In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-k may receive a continuous wave signal (e.g., at 515, at 525, or at any other time) or any ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal from the UE 115-L, UE 115-m, UE 115-L, or any combination thereof. In such cases, transmitting the second backscatter signal may be based on modulating the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal on a symbol basis. Additionally or alternatively, the data for backscatter (e.g., the second backscatter signal) may be preconfigured at the passive wireless device 205-k. In some cases, transmitting the second backscatter signal may be based on modulating the incoming signal with a set of continuous square waves. Additionally or alternatively, the set of continuous square waves may have a granularity higher than the symbol duration of the incoming signal (e.g., the incoming RF signal, the message received at 515, the message received at 525). For example, the periodicity of the continuous square wave may be less than the symbol duration. In some cases, an incoming signal may be received via a first channel and a backscatter signal, a second backscatter signal, or both may be transmitted via a second channel adjacent to the first channel.

[0122] Figure 6 An example of a process flow 600 for supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In some cases, the process flow 600 may implement aspects of the wireless communication system 100, the framework 200, the framework 300, the process flow 400, or the process flow 500. For example, the process flow 600 may include a passive wireless device 205-L, which may be a passive wireless device such as the one described in reference Figures 2 to 5 1. Additionally or alternatively, the process flow 600 may include UE 115-n, UE 115-o, and network entity 105-m, which may be as described with reference to FIG. Figures 1 to 5 The process flow 600 may be an example of a passive wireless device 205-L offloading RRM measurements to multiple readers (e.g., UE 115-n, UE 115-o) and a source (e.g., network entity 105-m), as described herein. For example, the passive wireless device 205-L may backscatter signaling received from the network entity 105-m to UE 115-n and UE 115-o, and UE 115-n, UE 115-o, or both may select a reader (e.g., UE 115) for subsequent communication.

[0123] In the following description of process flow 600, operations between the passive wireless device 205-L, UE 115-n, UE 115-o, and network entity 105-m may be performed in a different order than shown. Some operations may also be omitted from process flow 600, or other operations may be added to process flow 600. Furthermore, although some operations or communications are shown as occurring at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may occur at the same time. Additionally or alternatively, although the passive wireless device 205-L, UE 115-n, UE 115-o, and network entity 105-m are shown as performing multiple operations of process flow 600, any wireless device may perform the operations shown.

[0124] At 605, the network entity 105-m may configure the UE 115-m (e.g., for communication with the passive wireless device 205-L). For example, the network entity 105-m may send a message to the UE 115-o indicating whether the UE 115-o is communicating with the passive wireless device 205-L (e.g., receiving signaling from the passive wireless device 205-L). In some cases, the network entity 105-m may configure the UE 115-o to periodically receive one or more signals (e.g., continuous wave signals, reference signals) from the passive wireless device 205-L. In some cases, the network entity 105-m may configure the UE 115-o to report one or more measurements (e.g., RSRP measurements, RSRQ measurements) to the network entity 105-m based on the signaling received from the passive wireless device 205-L.

[0125] At 610, the network entity 105-m may configure the UE 115-n (e.g., for communication with the passive wireless device 205-L). For example, the network entity 105-m may send a message to the UE 115-n indicating whether the UE 115-n is communicating with (e.g., receiving signaling from) the passive wireless device 205-L. In some cases, the network entity 105-m may configure the UE 115-n to periodically receive one or more signals (e.g., continuous wave signals, reference signals) from the passive wireless device 205-L. In some cases, the network entity 105-m may configure the UE 115-n to report one or more measurements (e.g., RSRP measurements, RSRQ measurements) to the network entity 105-m based on the signaling received from the passive wireless device 205-L.

[0126] At 615, the network entity 105-m may send signaling to the passive wireless device 205-L. The signaling may include a control message for activation of the passive wireless device 205-L. In some cases, the signaling may include continuous wave signaling (e.g., for backscatter). Additionally or alternatively, as described herein, the signaling sent by the network entity 105-m may be referred to as an incoming signal or RF signal. The signaling sent by the network entity 105-m may be sent via the communication link 325-a, as described with reference to FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some cases, the network entity 105 - m may periodically send signaling (eg, single or multiple sine waves) to the passive wireless device 205 -L.

[0127] At 620, the passive wireless device 205-L may send (e.g., transmit, reflect, and backscatter) the signaling received at 615 to the UE 115-n. The passive wireless device 205-L may send the backscatter signaling at the symbol level or the sample level. In some cases, the backscatter signal may include at least an indication of an identifier for another wireless device (such as the network entity 105-m, the UE 115-n, the UE 115-o, or any combination thereof). The backscatter signal may also include a temporary ID for the passive wireless device 205-L. In such cases, sending the backscatter signal may be based on activation of the passive wireless device 205-L. In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-L may perform one or more operations to (e.g., coarsely) synchronize with the network entity 105-m to support periodic backscatter without triggering.

[0128] At 625, the passive wireless device 205-L may send (e.g., transmit, reflect, and backscatter) the signaling received at 615 to the UE 115-o. The passive wireless device 205-L may send the backscatter signaling at the symbol level or the sample level. In some cases, the backscatter signal may include at least an indication of an identifier for another wireless device (such as the network entity 105-m, the UE 115-n, the UE 115-o, or any combination thereof). The backscatter signal may also include a temporary ID for the passive wireless device 205-L. In such cases, sending the backscatter signal may be based on activation of the passive wireless device 205-L. In some cases, the passive wireless device 205-L may perform one or more operations to synchronize (e.g., coarsely) with the network entity 105-m to support periodic backscatter without triggering.

[0129] In some cases, UE 115-n and UE 115-o may measure respective RSRP, respective RSRQ, or both of the backscattered signals received from the passive wireless device 205-L. At 630, UE 115-o may report one or more measurements (e.g., of RSRP, RSRQ) to the network entity 105-m. At 635, UE 115-n may report one or more measurements (e.g., of RSRP, RSRQ) to the network entity 105-m. In such cases, the network entity 105-m may select one or more of the UEs 115 for subsequent communications with the passive wireless device 205-L based on the one or more received measurements. For example, the network entity 105-m may select the UE 115 corresponding to the strongest RSRP, the strongest RSRQ, or both for subsequent communications with the passive wireless device 205-L. Thus, the network entity 105 - m may send one or more indications (eg, one or more control messages) to the UE 115 - n and the UE 115 - o indicating the UE 115 selected for subsequent communications with the passive wireless device 205 -L.

[0130] Figure 7A and Figure 7B An example of a communication configuration 700 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for an environmental device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. As described herein, each communication configuration 700 can be used for communication between wireless devices. For example, as described in reference Figures 2 to 6 The passive wireless device 205 may be described as performing backscatter signaling using one or more resources of the communication configuration 700. In some other cases, such as with reference to Figure 1 The UE 115 and the network entity 105 described through FIG. 7 may communicate using one or more resources of the communication configuration 700 .

[0131] Figure 7A An example of a communication configuration 700-a that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The communication configuration 700-a may include a passive wireless device 205-m, a UE 115-p, and a network entity 105-n, each of which may be as described in reference Figures 1 to 6 Examples of respective passive wireless devices 205, UE 115, and network entities are described. The passive wireless device 205-m, UE 115-p, and network entity 105-n may communicate via one or more communication links 225, which may be as described with reference to FIG. Figure 2 and Figure 3 Examples of corresponding communication links 225 are described.

[0132] The communication configuration 700-a may include one or more symbols y1 and one or more symbols y2 that may be used for communication between wireless devices. Each symbol y may correspond to a bit value "1" or a bit value "0." Additionally or alternatively, the symbol y1 may have a first characteristic (e.g., a first power, a first amplitude), and the symbol y2 may have a second characteristic (e.g., a second power, a second amplitude). As described herein, the passive wireless device 205 may perform backscatter communication (e.g., backscatter modulation) at the symbol level (e.g., at a low rate) or at the sample level (e.g., at a high rate). The communication configuration 700-a may illustrate an example of one or more aspects of symbol-level backscatter.

[0133] For symbol-level backscatter, the passive wireless device 205 can switch an RF switch of the passive wireless device 205 to convey (e.g., transmit, convey) a single bit of data per OFDM symbol (e.g., per symbol y). In some cases (e.g., for amplitude shift keying (ASK)), the passive wireless device 205 can switch the switch between two states (a reflective state and an absorbing state). In some cases, the passive wireless device 205 can transmit or otherwise indicate a bit 705 (e.g., a bit value) corresponding to the reflective state or the absorbing state. For example, a bit with a value of "1" can correspond to a reflective state, in which a large amount of energy of the signal (e.g., the backscattered signal) is reflected, and a bit with a value of "0" can correspond to an absorbing state, in which a relatively small amount of energy of the signal is reflected.

[0134] For symbol-level backscatter, the backscatter data is known to UE 115-p (e.g., reader), and by comparing the power difference of different symbols corresponding to states "0" and "1," UE 115-p can derive the signal strength of the backscatter signal. For state "0," UE 115-p can receive the direct link signal (e.g., y1 = h1·S). For state "1," UE 115-p can receive (e.g., detect, measure) the superimposed signal for communication link 225-c (e.g., direct link) and communication link 225-b (e.g., backscatter link). UE 115-p can determine the characteristic y2 of the superimposed signal using equation (1), where q is the reflection coefficient and h is the reflection coefficient. 21 is the forward link channel (eg, the channel corresponding to communication link 225-a), h 22 is the backscatter link channel (eg, the channel corresponding to communication link 225-b), and S is the signal.

[0135] y2=(h1+h 21 ·h 22 ·q)·S (1)

[0136] UE 115-p may then determine the channel quality z of the backscattered signal using equation (2), where S* is the superimposed signal.

[0137] z=|y2·S * | 2 -|y1·S * | 2 (2) Because the communication link 225 - b (eg, backscatter link) may be the same for different RF sources, the value of z may represent the strength of the different RF sources.

[0138] Figure 7B An example of a communication configuration 700-b supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The communication configuration 700-b may be configured as shown in FIG. Figures 1 to 7A The communication configuration 700-b may include one or more samples (e.g., x0-x n-1 ). In some cases, the one or more samples may be examples of, or may be included in, one or more signals 710 (e.g., one or more RF signals) that may be communicated between wireless devices. The communication configuration 700-b may include one or more square waves 715, which may correspond to, map to, or overlap with the one or more square waves 715. In some cases, a signal (e.g., an OFDM symbol) may be preceded by a cyclic prefix (CP), as shown in the communication configuration 700-b. As described herein, the passive wireless device 205 may perform backscatter communication (e.g., backscatter modulation) at the symbol level (e.g., at a low rate) or at the sample level (e.g., at a high rate). The communication configuration 700-b may illustrate an example of one or more aspects of sample-level backscatter.

[0139] For sample-level backscatter, the passive wireless device 205 can reflect the incoming RF signal using a series of square waves 715 that can be sent continuously over one or more OFDM symbols. In such cases, the square waves 715 can shift the incoming RF signal to an orthogonal adjacent channel (e.g., F0+Fs), where F0 is the frequency of the incoming RF signal and Fs is the frequency of the square waves, to minimize interference. In some cases, the passive wireless device 205 can apply one or more different frequency shifts to different OFDM symbols, thereby generating frequency hopping for the backscattered signal by adapting the frequency of the continuous square waves.

[0140] In some cases, the UE 115 or the network entity 105 (e.g., a reader) may measure the signal quality of the backscattered signal directly. For example, the reader may perform channel estimation on the received signal (e.g., the received backscattered signal) at a shifted frequency (e.g., F0+Fs) and determine the composite channel (e.g., h) using equation (3). 21 h 22 )’s channel quality z.

[0141] z=|h 21 h 22 | 2 (3) To reduce estimation errors (e.g., for determining channel quality), channel estimates can be averaged across multiple OFDM symbols. In some cases, square wave 715 may introduce a symbol-specific phase offset, and the reader can therefore perform one or more operations to remove the phase offset before estimating the channel (e.g., before averaging the channel).

[0142] Figure 8 An example of a communication configuration 800 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The communication configuration 800 may be configured as described in reference to Figures 1 to 7A The passive wireless device 205 may be implemented by any of the passive wireless device 205, the UE 115, and the network entity 105 as described. For example, the communication configuration 800 may include one or more backscatter signals 815 that may be transmitted by the passive wireless device 205. Additionally or alternatively, the communication configuration 800 may include a periodic synchronization signal 805 and a continuous wave signal 810 that may be communicated by the UE 115, the network entity 105, or both. According to the examples described herein, the passive wireless device 205 may perform one or more operations as illustrated by the communication configuration 800, which may enable the passive wireless device 205 to effectively synchronize the backscatter signals 815 with the periodic synchronization signals 805 and other communications.

[0143] In some cases, the passive wireless device 205 may perform periodic backscatter without a trigger for RRM measurements. To address delays caused by the access grant protocol and reduce the signaling overhead of the trigger command, periodic backscatter without a trigger may be performed. The passive wireless device 205 may be coarsely synchronized with the RF source, the RF reader, or both at the symbol level. For example, the passive wireless device 205 may synchronize communications based on a symbol configuration. In such cases, the passive wireless device 205 may use an energy detector and a voltage comparator to detect one or more periodic synchronization signals 805.

[0144] In some cases, the passive wireless device 205 may receive a configuration for periodic backscattering that includes or otherwise indicates a periodicity, a time offset relative to the received periodic synchronization signal 805 (e.g., the duration between the periodic synchronization signal 805 and the backscattered signal 815), and an indication of whether to perform symbol- or sample-level backscattering. The passive wireless device 205 may periodically backscatter the modulated continuous wave signal 810 based on the configuration. Due to potential timing mismatches caused by clock drift or misalignment between wireless devices, the passive wireless device 205 may adjust the backscatter timing after receiving the periodic synchronization signal 805. For example, the passive wireless device 205 may reset the timing or start time for the backscattered signal 815 in response to receiving the periodic synchronization signal. Thus, the passive wireless device 205 may not allow timing mismatches (e.g., timing errors) to propagate across multiple periodic synchronization signal 805 cycles (e.g., time periods), which may improve communication reliability.

[0145] Figure 9 A block diagram 900 illustrates a device 905 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 can be an example of aspects of a passive wireless device as described herein. The device 905 can include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communication manager 920. The device 905 can also include a processor. Each of these components can communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0146] The receiver 910 may provide a means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to assisted measurements and mobility support for environmental devices). The information may be delivered to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0147] The transmitter 915 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to assisted measurements and mobility support for environmental devices), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 915 may be co-located with the receiver 910 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0148] The communication manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein. For example, the communication manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0149] In some examples, the communication manager 920, the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof can be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware can include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor can be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0150] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 920, receiver 910, transmitter 915, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functions described in this disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0151] In some examples, the communication manager 920 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communication manager 920 can receive information from the receiver 910, transmit information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0152] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communications at a passive backscatter device. For example, the communication manager 920 may be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an identifier associated with the first wireless device and an indication of a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. The communication manager 920 may be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for storing, at the passive backscatter device, the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. The communication manager 920 may be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for receiving a control message from a second wireless device for activating the passive backscatter device. The communication manager 920 may be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for transmitting, based on the activation of the passive backscatter device, a backscatter signal including at least an indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device in response to receiving the control message.

[0153] By including or configuring the communication manager 920 according to examples as described herein, the device 905 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communication manager 920, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for performing backscatter signaling that reduce power consumption at the device 905. For example, the techniques for performing backscatter signaling may enable the device 905 to efficiently manage and establish connections, which may prevent communication errors and, therefore, reduce power consumption associated with inefficient or ineffective management of wireless connections.

[0154] Figure 10 Block diagram 1000 illustrates a device 1005 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Device 1005 can be an example of aspects of device 905 or a passive wireless device as described herein. Device 1005 may include a receiver 1010, a transmitter 1015, and a communication manager 1020. Device 1005 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0155] The receiver 1010 may provide a means for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to assisted measurements and mobility support for environmental devices). The information may be delivered to other components of the device 1005. The receiver 1010 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0156] The transmitter 1015 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 1005. For example, the transmitter 1015 may transmit information associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels related to assisted measurements and mobility support for environmental devices, data channels, information channels), such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1015 may be co-located with the receiver 1010 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 1015 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0157] Device 1005 or its various components can be examples of components for performing various aspects of assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein. For example, communication manager 1020 may include receiving component 1025, storage component 1030, sending component 1035, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 1020 can be an example of various aspects of communication manager 920 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 1020 or its various components can be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, send). For example, communication manager 1020 can receive information from receiver 1010, transmit information to transmitter 1015, or be integrated with receiver 1010, transmitter 1015, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0158] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 1020 can support wireless communications at a passive backscatter device. A receiving component 1025 can be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. A storing component 1030 can be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for storing, at the passive backscatter device, the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. The receiving component 1025 can be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for receiving a control message from a second wireless device for activating the passive backscatter device. A transmitting component 1035 can be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for transmitting, based on the activation of the passive backscatter device, a backscatter signal including at least an indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device in response to receiving the control message.

[0159] Figure 11A block diagram 1100 illustrates a communication manager 1120 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communication manager 1120 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 920, the communication manager 1020, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1120 or its various components can be examples of components for performing various aspects of assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 can include a receiving component 1125, a storage component 1130, a sending component 1135, a connection component 1140, a synchronization component 1145, or any combination thereof. Each of these components can communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0160] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 1120 can support wireless communications at a passive backscatter device. A receiving component 1125 can be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. A storing component 1130 can be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for storing, at the passive backscatter device, the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. In some examples, the receiving component 1125 can be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for receiving a control message from a second wireless device for activation of the passive backscatter device. A transmitting component 1135 can be configured to function as, or otherwise support, means for transmitting, based on the activation of the passive backscatter device, a backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device in response to receiving the control message.

[0161] In some examples, receiving component 1125 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving configuration information for a timer from a first wireless device, wherein the passive backscatter device refrains from sending backscatter signaling to one or more other wireless devices for a duration associated with the timer.

[0162] In some examples, receiving component 1125 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a second message from a second wireless device indicating a second identifier for the second wireless device and an updated temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device.

[0163] In some examples, connection component 1140 can be configured as or otherwise support means for establishing a connection with a second wireless device based on receiving a control message.

[0164] In some examples, the identifier associated with the first wireless device includes a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identity identifier.

[0165] In some examples, receiving component 1125 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a second control message for the passive backscatter device from a second wireless device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscatter for measurement. In some examples, transmitting component 1135 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a second backscatter signal for measurement in response to receiving the second control message, wherein the second backscatter signal is periodically transmitted.

[0166] In some examples, receiving component 1125 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a periodic synchronization signal from the second wireless device. In some examples, synchronizing component 1145 can be configured as or otherwise support means for synchronizing timing for the backscatter signal based on the periodic synchronization signal received from the second wireless device, wherein transmitting the second backscatter signal is based on the synchronized timing.

[0167] In some examples, receiving component 1125 may be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal from the first wireless device, the third wireless device, or both, wherein transmitting the second backscatter signal is based on modulating the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal on a symbol basis, and wherein data for backscattering is preconfigured at the passive backscatter device.

[0168] In some examples, transmitting the second backscatter signal is based on modulating the incoming signal using a set of continuous square waves. In some examples, the set of continuous square waves has a higher granularity than a symbol duration of the incoming signal.

[0169] In some examples, the incoming signal is received via a first channel and the backscattered signal is sent via a second channel adjacent to the first channel.

[0170] Figure 12A diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Device 1205 may be an example of device 905, device 1005, or a passive wireless device as described herein, or include components thereof. Device 1205 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1220, an I / O controller 1210, a transceiver 1215, an antenna 1225, a memory 1230, code 1235, and a processor 1240. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1245).

[0171] I / O controller 1210 can manage input and output signals for device 1205. I / O controller 1210 can also manage peripheral devices that are not integrated into device 1205. In some cases, I / O controller 1210 can represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1210 can utilize an operating system, such as or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, I / O controller 1210 may represent or interact with a modem, keyboard, mouse, touch screen, or similar device. In some cases, I / O controller 1210 may be implemented as part of a processor (such as processor 1240). In some cases, a user may interact with device 1205 via I / O controller 1210 or via hardware components controlled by I / O controller 1210.

[0172] In some cases, device 1205 may include a single antenna 1225. However, in some other cases, device 1205 may have more than one antenna 1225, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1215 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1225, wired, or wireless links, as described herein. For example, transceiver 1215 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1215 may also include a modem for modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1225 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1225. Transceiver 1215, or transceiver 1215 and one or more antennas 1225, may be examples of transmitter 915, transmitter 1015, receiver 910, receiver 1010, or any combination thereof, or components thereof, as described herein.

[0173] Memory 1230 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1230 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1235 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1240, cause device 1205 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1235 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory or another type of memory). In some cases, code 1235 may not be directly executable by processor 1240, but (e.g., when compiled and executed) may cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1230 may include, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0174] The processor 1240 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1240 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1240. The processor 1240 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., memory 1230) to enable the device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support auxiliary measurements and mobility support for environmental devices). For example, the device 1205 or a component of the device 1205 may include a processor 1240 and a memory 1230 coupled to or coupled to the processor 1240, and the processor 1240 and the memory 1230 are configured to perform the various functions described herein.

[0175] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1220 may support wireless communications at a passive backscatter device. For example, the communication manager 1220 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for storing at the passive backscatter device the indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for receiving a control message from a second wireless device for activating the passive backscatter device. The communication manager 1220 may be configured as, or otherwise support, means for transmitting a backscatter signal based on the activation of the passive backscatter device in response to receiving the control message, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device.

[0176] By including or configuring the communication manager 1220 according to examples as described herein, the device 1205 may support techniques for performing backscatter signaling that improve communication reliability at the device 1205. For example, the techniques for performing backscatter signaling may enable the device 1205 to efficiently manage and establish connections, which may prevent communication errors and improve communication reliability.

[0177] In some examples, the communication manager 1220 can be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the transceiver 1215, one or more antennas 1225, or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1220 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1220 can be supported or performed by the processor 1240, the memory 1230, the code 1235, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1235 can include instructions that are executable by the processor 1240 to cause the device 1205 to perform various aspects of assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein, or the processor 1240 and the memory 1230 can be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0178] Figure 13 A block diagram 1300 illustrates a device 1305 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a first wireless device as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communication manager 1320. The device 1305 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0179] Receiver 1310 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of device 1305. In some examples, receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0180] Transmitter 1315 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 1305. For example, transmitter 1315 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1315 and receiver 1310 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0181] The communication manager 1320, the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of means for performing various aspects of assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1320, the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may support methods for performing one or more of the functions described herein.

[0182] In some examples, the communication manager 1320, the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof can be implemented in hardware (e.g., in a communication management circuit). The hardware can include a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting components for performing the functions described in this disclosure. In some examples, the processor and a memory coupled to the processor can be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by executing instructions stored in the memory by the processor).

[0183] Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the communication manager 1320, receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by a processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by a processor, the functionality of the communication manager 1320, receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting means for performing the functions described in this disclosure), a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices.

[0184] In some examples, communication manager 1320 can be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or both. For example, communication manager 1320 can receive information from receiver 1310, transmit information to transmitter 1315, or be integrated with receiver 1310, transmitter 1315, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0185] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1320 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device. For example, the communication manager 1320 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for sending a control message to a passive backscatter device for activating the passive backscatter device. The communication manager 1320 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on the control message. The communication manager 1320 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal. The communication manager 1320 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for receiving context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0186] By including or configuring the communication manager 1320 according to examples as described herein, the device 1305 (e.g., a processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, the communication manager 1320, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for performing backscatter signaling that reduce power consumption at the device 1305. For example, the techniques for performing backscatter signaling may enable the device 1305 to efficiently manage and establish connections, which may prevent communication errors and, therefore, reduce power consumption associated with inefficient or ineffective management of wireless connections.

[0187] Figure 14 A block diagram 1400 illustrates a device 1405 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1405 can be an example of aspects of the device 1305 or the first wireless device as described herein. The device 1405 may include a receiver 1410, a transmitter 1415, and a communication manager 1420. The device 1405 may also include a processor. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0188] Receiver 1410 may provide means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). The information may be passed to other components of device 1405. In some examples, receiver 1410 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, receiver 1410 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.

[0189] Transmitter 1415 may provide means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, transmitting) information generated by other components of device 1405. For example, transmitter 1415 may output information associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack), such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units). In some examples, transmitter 1415 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally or alternatively, transmitter 1415 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, optical) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 1415 and receiver 1410 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled to a modem.

[0190] Device 1405 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein. For example, communication manager 1420 may include a sending manager 1425, a receiving manager 1430, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 1420 may be an example of various aspects of communication manager 1320 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 1420 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 1410, transmitter 1415, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit). For example, communication manager 1420 may receive information from receiver 1410, transmit information to transmitter 1415, or be integrated with receiver 1410, transmitter 1415, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0191] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 1420 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device. A transmit manager 1425 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for transmitting a control message to a passive backscatter device for activation of the passive backscatter device. A receive manager 1430 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on the control message. The transmit manager 1425 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for transmitting a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receipt of the backscatter signal. The receive manager 1430 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for receiving context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0192] Figure 15 Block diagram 1500 of a communication manager 1520 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The communication manager 1520 can be an example of aspects of the communication manager 1320, the communication manager 1420, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1520 or its various components can be examples of components for performing various aspects of assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1520 can include a transmission manager 1525, a reception manager 1530, a security manager 1535, a connection manager 1540, a timing manager 1545, a measurement manager 1550, or any combination thereof. Each of these components can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0193] According to examples disclosed herein, a communication manager 1520 can support wireless communications at a first wireless device. A transmit manager 1525 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a control message to a passive backscatter device for activation of the passive backscatter device. A receive manager 1530 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on the control message. In some examples, the transmit manager 1525 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal. In some examples, the receive manager 1530 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0194] In some examples, to support assisted measurements and mobility support for environmental devices, the security manager 1535 may be configured as or otherwise support components for: security key information for communications with passive backscatter devices, mobile network assigned identifiers for passive backscatter devices, or product information lists associated with passive backscatter devices.

[0195] In some examples, the identifier associated with the second wireless device includes a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identifier.

[0196] In some examples, connection manager 1540 may be configured as or otherwise support means for establishing a connection with a passive backscatter device based on received context information.

[0197] In some examples, transmit manager 1525 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a second control message to the passive backscatter device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscatter for measurement. In some examples, receive manager 1530 can be configured as or otherwise support means for receiving a second backscatter signal for measurement from the passive backscatter device.

[0198] In some examples, transmit manager 1525 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting a periodic synchronization signal to a passive backscatter device. In some examples, timing manager 1545 can be configured as or otherwise support means for synchronizing timing for receiving backscatter signaling based on the periodic synchronization signal transmitted to the passive backscatter device.

[0199] In some examples, the second backscatter signal is based on amplitude modulating a continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal on a symbol basis. In some examples, the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal is transmitted by the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both.

[0200] In some examples, the measurement manager 1550 can be configured as or otherwise support means for measuring a first metric in a first symbol of the second backscatter signal and a second metric in a second symbol of the second backscatter signal. In some examples, the transmit manager 1525 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting an indication to the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both regarding whether to perform subsequent communications with the passive backscatter device, wherein the indication is based on the first metric and the second metric.

[0201] In some examples, measurement manager 1550 can be configured as or otherwise support means for measuring a first metric in a first channel of a second backscatter signal and a second metric in a second channel of a second backscatter signal. In some examples, transmit manager 1525 can be configured as or otherwise support means for transmitting an indication to the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both regarding whether to perform subsequent communications with the passive backscatter device, wherein the indication is based on the first metric and the second metric.

[0202] In some examples, the first metric and the second metric include a reference signal received power metric or a reference signal received quality metric.

[0203] In some examples, the second backscatter signal is based on modulating the incoming signal using a set of continuous square waves. In some examples, the incoming signal is sent by the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both.

[0204] Figure 16 A diagram of a system 1600 including a device 1605 that supports assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. Device 1605 can be an example of device 1305, device 1405, or a first wireless device as described herein, or include components thereof. Device 1605 may include components for two-way voice and data communication, including components for sending and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1620, a transceiver 1610, an antenna 1615, a memory 1625, code 1630, and a processor 1635. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1640).

[0205] The transceiver 1610 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1610 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1610 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1605 may include one or more antennas 1615, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). The transceiver 1610 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1615, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1615, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some implementations, the transceiver 1610 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1615 configured to support various receive or obtain operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1615 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1610 may include or be configured to be coupled to one or more processors or memory components operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1610, or the transceiver 1610 and one or more antennas 1615, or the transceiver 1610 and one or more antennas 1615 and one or more processors or memory components (e.g., processor 1635 or memory 1625 or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly installed in the device 1605. In some examples, the transceiver may be operable to support communications via one or more communication links (eg, communication link 125 , backhaul communication link 120 , midhaul communication link 162 , fronthaul communication link 168 ).

[0206] Memory 1625 may include RAM and ROM. Memory 1625 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1630 including instructions that, when executed by processor 1635, cause device 1605 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1630 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (such as system memory or another type of memory). In some cases, code 1630 may not be directly executable by processor 1635, but (e.g., when compiled and executed) may cause a computer to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, memory 1625 may include, among other things, a BIOS that may control basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0207] The processor 1635 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA, a microcontroller, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof). In some cases, the processor 1635 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1635. The processor 1635 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., a memory 1625) to enable the device 1605 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks that support auxiliary measurements and mobility support for environmental devices). For example, the device 1605 or a component of the device 1605 may include a processor 1635 and a memory 1625 coupled to the processor 1635, and the processor 1635 and the memory 1625 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. Processor 1635 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software (such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance)) that can host functionality (e.g., by executing code 1630) to perform the functions of device 1605. Processor 1635 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1605 (such as within memory 1625). In some implementations, processor 1635 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally refer to a system or series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes those inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to, for example, other systems or components of device 1605). For example, a processing system of device 1605 may refer to a system that includes various other components or subcomponents of device 1605, such as processor 1635, or transceiver 1610, or communications manager 1620, or other components or combinations of components of device 1605. The processing system of device 1605 can interface with other components of device 1605 and can process information (such as input or signals) received from other components or output information to other components. For example, the chip or modem of device 1605 may include a processing system and one or more interfaces for outputting information or for obtaining information or both. The one or more interfaces may be implemented as or otherwise include a first interface configured to output information and a second interface configured to obtain information or the same interface configured to output information and obtain information, among other specific implementations. In some specific implementations, the one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, so that device 1605 can transmit information output from the chip or modem.Additionally or alternatively, in some implementations, one or more interfaces may refer to an interface between a processing system of a chip or modem and a receiver, such that the device 1605 can obtain information or signal input and pass the information to the processing system. A person skilled in the art will readily recognize that a first interface can also obtain information or signal input, and a second interface can also output information or signal output.

[0208] In some examples, bus 1640 may support communications for protocol layers of a protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 1640 may support communications associated with logical channels of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack), which may include communications performed within components of device 1605 or between different components of device 1605 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where device 1605 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1620, transceiver 1610, memory 1625, code 1630, and processor 1635 may be located in one of the different components or divided between the different components).

[0209] In some examples, communication manager 1620 can manage aspects of communications with core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links). For example, communication manager 1620 can manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, communication manager 1620 can manage communications with other network entities 105 and can include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 in coordination with other network entities 105. In some examples, communication manager 1620 can support an X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communications between network entities 105.

[0210] According to examples disclosed herein, the communication manager 1620 may support wireless communications at a first wireless device. For example, the communication manager 1620 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for sending a control message to a passive backscatter device for activating the passive backscatter device. The communication manager 1620 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on the control message. The communication manager 1620 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal. The communication manager 1620 may be configured to function as or otherwise support means for receiving context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0211] By including or configuring the communication manager 1620 according to examples as described herein, the device 1605 may support techniques for performing backscatter signaling that improve communication reliability at the device 1605. For example, the techniques for performing backscatter signaling may enable the device 1605 to efficiently manage and establish connections, which may prevent communication errors and improve communication reliability.

[0212] In some examples, the communication manager 1620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receive, obtain, monitor, output, transmit) using or otherwise cooperating with the transceiver 1610, one or more antennas 1615 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof. Although the communication manager 1620 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1620 may be supported or performed by the transceiver 1610, the processor 1635, the memory 1625, the code 1630, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1630 may include instructions that are executable by the processor 1635 to cause the device 1605 to perform various aspects of assisted measurement and mobility support for environmental devices as described herein, or the processor 1635 and the memory 1625 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations.

[0213] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for an environmental device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a passive wireless device or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a passive wireless device or components thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 12In some examples, the passive wireless device may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the passive wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the passive wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0214] At 1705, the method may include receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for a passive backscatter device. The operations of 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 11 The described receiving component 1125 is executed.

[0215] At 1710, the method may include storing, at the passive backscatter device, an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. The operations of 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 11 The described storage component 1130 is executed.

[0216] At 1715, the method may include receiving a control message for activation of the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device. The operations of 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 11 The described receiving component 1125 is executed.

[0217] At 1720, the method may include, in response to receiving the control message, transmitting a backscatter signal based on activation of the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device. The operations of 1720 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be implemented as described with reference to Figure 11 The sending component 1135 is described to perform.

[0218] Figure 18 A flowchart illustrating a method 1800 for supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for an environmental device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a passive wireless device or components thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a passive wireless device or components thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 12In some examples, the passive wireless device may execute an instruction set to control functional elements of the passive wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the passive wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0219] At 1805, the method may include receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for a passive backscatter device. The operations of 1805 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 11 The described receiving component 1125 is executed.

[0220] At 1810, the method may include receiving configuration information for a timer from a first wireless device, wherein the passive backscatter device refrains from sending backscatter signaling to one or more other wireless devices for a duration associated with the timer. The operations of 1810 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be implemented as described with reference to Figure 11 The described receiving component 1125 is executed.

[0221] At 1815, the method may include storing, at the passive backscatter device, an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device. The operations of 1815 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 11 The described storage component 1130 is executed.

[0222] At 1820, the method may include receiving a control message for activation of a passive backscatter device from a second wireless device. The operations of 1820 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 11 The described receiving component 1125 is executed.

[0223] At 1825, the method may include, in response to receiving the control message, transmitting a backscatter signal based on activation of the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device. The operations of 1825 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1825 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 11 The sending component 1135 is described to perform.

[0224] Figure 19A flowchart illustrating a method 1900 for supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for an environmental device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a first wireless device or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a first wireless device or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 20 In some examples, the first wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the first wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the first wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0225] At 1905, the method may include sending a control message to the passive backscatter device for activation of the passive backscatter device. The operations of 1905 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 15 The described sending manager 1525 is executed.

[0226] At 1910, the method may include receiving a backscatter signal from a passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on a control message. The operations of 1910 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 15 The described receive manager 1530 is executed.

[0227] At 1915, the method may include sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal. The operations of 1915 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 15 The described sending manager 1525 is executed.

[0228] At 1920, the method may include receiving context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device. The operations of 1920 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be performed as described with reference to Figure 15 The described receive manager 1530 is executed.

[0229] Figure 20 A flowchart illustrating a method 2000 for supporting assisted measurement and mobility support for an environmental device according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a first wireless device or a component thereof as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 2000 may be implemented by a first wireless device or a component thereof as described herein. Figures 1 to 20In some examples, the first wireless device may execute a set of instructions to control functional elements of the first wireless device to perform the described functions. Additionally or alternatively, the first wireless device may use dedicated hardware to perform various aspects of the described functions.

[0230] At 2005, the method may include sending a control message to the passive backscatter device for activation of the passive backscatter device. The operations of 2005 may be performed according to examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2005 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 15 The described sending manager 1525 is executed.

[0231] At 2010, the method may include receiving a backscatter signal from a passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based on a control message. The operations of 2010 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2010 may be performed by reference to Figure 15 The described receive manager 1530 is executed.

[0232] At 2015, the method may include sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based on receiving the backscatter signal. The operations of 2015 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2015 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 15 The described sending manager 1525 is executed.

[0233] At 2020, the method may include receiving context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device. The operations of 2020 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2020 may be performed as described in reference to Figure 15 The described receive manager 1530 is executed.

[0234] At 2025, the method may include security key information for communication with the passive backscatter device, a mobile network assigned identifier for the passive backscatter device, or a product information list associated with the passive backscatter device. The operations of 2025 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 2025 may be performed by reference to Figure 15 The described security manager 1535 is executed.

[0235] The following provides an overview of various aspects of the disclosure:

[0236] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device, the method comprising: receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an identifier associated with the first wireless device and an indication of a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; storing the indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device at the passive backscatter device; receiving a control message for activation of the passive backscatter device from a second wireless device; and in response to receiving the control message, transmitting a backscatter signal based at least in part on the activation of the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the indication of the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device.

[0237] Aspect 2: The method according to aspect 1 further includes: receiving configuration information for a timer from the first wireless device, wherein the passive backscatter device refrains from sending backscatter signaling to one or more other wireless devices within a duration associated with the timer.

[0238] Aspect 3: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 2 further comprises: receiving a second message from the second wireless device, the second message indicating a second identifier for the second wireless device and an updated temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device.

[0239] Aspect 4: The method of any one of aspects 1 to 3, further comprising: establishing a connection with the second wireless device based at least in part on receiving the control message.

[0240] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, wherein the identifier associated with the first wireless device comprises a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identity identifier.

[0241] Aspect 6: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 1 to 5, the method further includes: receiving a second control message for the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscattering for measurement; and sending a second backscatter signal for measurement in response to receiving the second control message, wherein the second backscatter signal is sent periodically.

[0242] Aspect 7: According to the method according to Aspect 6, the method also includes: receiving a periodic synchronization signal from the second wireless device; and synchronizing the timing for the backscatter signal at least in part based on the periodic synchronization signal received from the second wireless device, wherein sending the second backscatter signal is at least in part based on the synchronized timing.

[0243] Aspect 8: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 6 to 7, the method also includes: receiving a continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal from the first wireless device, the third wireless device, or both, wherein sending the second backscatter signal is at least partially based on modulating the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal on a symbol basis, and wherein the data for backscattering is preconfigured at the passive backscatter device.

[0244] Aspect 9: The method of any one of aspects 6 to 8, wherein sending the second backscatter signal is based at least in part on modulating an incoming signal using a set of continuous square waves having a higher granularity than a symbol duration of the incoming signal.

[0245] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein the incoming signal is received via a first channel and the backscattered signal is sent via a second channel adjacent to the first channel.

[0246] Aspect 11: A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: sending a control message for activation of a passive backscatter device to a passive backscatter device; receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal comprising at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based at least in part on the control message; sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based at least in part on receiving the backscatter signal; and receiving the context information associated with the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device.

[0247] Aspect 12: The method according to Aspect 11, wherein the context information includes one or more of the following: security key information for communication with the passive backscatter device, a mobile network assigned identifier for the passive backscatter device, or a product information list associated with the passive backscatter device.

[0248] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of aspects 11 to 12, wherein the identifier associated with the second wireless device comprises a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identifier.

[0249] Aspect 14: The method of any one of aspects 11 to 13, further comprising: establishing a connection with the passive backscatter device based at least in part on receiving the context information.

[0250] Aspect 15: The method according to Aspect 14 further includes: sending a second control message to the passive backscatter device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscattering for measurement; and receiving a second backscatter signal for measurement from the passive backscatter device.

[0251] Aspect 16: The method according to aspect 15, further comprising: sending a periodic synchronization signal to the passive backscatter device; and synchronizing timing for receiving backscatter signaling based at least in part on the periodic synchronization signal sent to the passive backscatter device.

[0252] Aspect 17: A method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 16, wherein the second backscatter signal is at least partially based on modulating the amplitude of a continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal on a symbol basis, and the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal is sent by the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both.

[0253] Aspect 18: According to the method of Aspect 17, the method also includes: measuring a first metric in the first symbol of the second backscatter signal and a second metric in the second symbol of the second backscatter signal; and sending an indication to the second wireless device, the third wireless device or both on whether to perform subsequent communication with the passive backscatter device, wherein the indication is at least partially based on the first metric and the second metric.

[0254] Aspect 19: According to the method described in any one of Aspects 17 to 18, the method further includes: measuring a first metric in the first channel of the second backscatter signal and a second metric in the second channel of the second backscatter signal; and sending an indication to the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both as to whether to perform subsequent communication with the passive backscatter device, wherein the indication is based at least in part on the first metric and the second metric.

[0255] Aspect 20: The method according to aspect 19, wherein the first metric and the second metric include a reference signal received power metric or a reference signal received quality metric.

[0256] Aspect 21: The method of any one of aspects 15 to 20, wherein the second backscatter signal is based at least in part on modulating an incoming signal using a set of continuous square waves, the incoming signal being transmitted by the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both.

[0257] Aspect 22: An apparatus for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10.

[0258] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10.

[0259] Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method of any one of aspects 1 to 10.

[0260] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising: a processor; a memory coupled to the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 11 to 21.

[0261] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method according to any one of aspects 11 to 21.

[0262] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the code comprising instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 11 to 21.

[0263] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations, and that the operations and steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Furthermore, aspects of two or more of these methods may be combined.

[0264] Although aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for example purposes, and the terminology of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used throughout much of the description, the techniques described herein may also be applicable to networks other than LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0265] The information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips referred to throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0266] The various illustrative blocks and components described in conjunction with the disclosure herein may be implemented or executed using a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration).

[0267] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium or sent using one or more instructions or codes of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hard wiring, or a combination of any of these. Features that implement the functions may also be physically located at different locations, including being distributed so that parts of the functions are implemented at different physical locations.

[0268] Computer-readable medium includes both non-transient computer storage media and communication media, and it includes any medium that promotes a computer program to be transferred from one location to another location.Non-transient storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer.By way of example and not limitation, non-transient computer-readable medium can include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compact disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device or can be used for carrying or storing desired program code components and any other non-transient medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer or a general or special-purpose processor in the form of an instruction or data structure.Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable medium.For example, if software is sent from a website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. As used herein, disk and optical disc include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc. Magnetic disk can reproduce data magnetically, and optical disc can reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0269] As used herein, including in the claims, "or" used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items followed by a phrase such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates an inclusive list, so that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Moreover, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" can be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "based at least in part on."

[0270] The term "determining" encompasses a variety of actions, and thus, "determining" may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. Furthermore, "determining" may include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in a memory), etc. Furthermore, "determining" may include parsing, retrieving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.

[0271] In the drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference number. In addition, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference number with a dash and a second reference number to distinguish between similar components. If only the first reference number is used in the specification, the description applies to any of the similar components having the same first reference number, regardless of the second or subsequent reference numbers.

[0272] The description set forth herein in conjunction with the accompanying drawings describes example configurations and does not represent all examples that may be implemented or within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," rather than "preferred" or "having advantages over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques may be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0273] The description herein is provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make or use the present disclosure. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; storing, at the passive backscatter device, the indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; receiving a control message for activation of the passive backscatter device from a second wireless device; as well as In response to receiving the control message, a backscatter signal is transmitted based at least in part on the activation of the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least the indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: Configuration information for a timer is received from the first wireless device, wherein the passive backscatter device refrains from sending backscatter signaling to one or more other wireless devices for a duration associated with the timer.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: A second message is received from the second wireless device, the second message indicating a second identifier for the second wireless device and an updated temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: A connection is established with the second wireless device based at least in part on receiving the control message. 5 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the identifier associated with the first wireless device comprises a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identity identifier.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: receiving a second control message for the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscatter for measurement; and A second backscatter signal for measurement is sent in response to receiving the second control message, wherein the second backscatter signal is sent periodically.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: receiving a periodic synchronization signal from the second wireless device; and Timing for the backscatter signal is synchronized based at least in part on the periodic synchronization signal received from the second wireless device, wherein transmitting the second backscatter signal is based at least in part on the synchronized timing.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: A continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is received from the first wireless device, the third wireless device, or both, wherein sending the second backscatter signal is based at least in part on modulating the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal on a symbol basis, and wherein data for backscattering is preconfigured at the passive backscatter device.

9. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: Transmitting the second backscatter signal is based at least in part on modulating the incoming signal using a set of continuous square waves; and The set of consecutive square waves has a higher granularity than a symbol duration of the incoming signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the incoming signal is received via a first channel and the backscattered signal is sent via a second channel adjacent to the first channel.

11. An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to: sending a control message for activating the passive backscatter device to the passive backscatter device; receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based at least in part on the control message; sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based at least in part on receiving the backscatter signal; as well as The context information associated with the passive backscatter device is received from the second wireless device.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: security key information for communication with the passive backscatter device, a mobile network assigned identifier for the passive backscatter device, or a product information list associated with the passive backscatter device.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the identifier associated with the second wireless device comprises a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identifier.

14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: A connection is established with the passive backscatter device based at least in part on receiving the context information.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: sending a second control message to the passive backscatter device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscattering of measurements; and A second backscatter signal is received from the passive backscatter device for measurement.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: sending a periodic synchronization signal to the passive backscatter device; and Timing for receiving backscatter signaling is synchronized based at least in part on the periodic synchronization signal sent to the passive backscatter device.

17. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein: The second backscatter signal is based at least in part on an amplitude modulated continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal on a symbol basis; and The continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal is transmitted by the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: measuring a first metric in a first symbol of the second backscatter signal and a second metric in a second symbol of the second backscatter signal; and An indication of whether to perform subsequent communications with the passive backscatter device is sent to the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both, wherein the indication is based at least in part on the first metric and the second metric.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to cause the apparatus to: measuring a first metric in a first channel of the second backscatter signal and a second metric in a second channel of the second backscatter signal; and An indication of whether to perform subsequent communications with the passive backscatter device is sent to the second wireless device, the third wireless device, or both, wherein the indication is based at least in part on the first metric and the second metric.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the first metric and the second metric comprise a reference signal received power metric or a reference signal received quality metric.

21. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein: The second backscatter signal is based at least in part on modulating the incoming signal using a set of continuous square waves; and The incoming signal is sent by the second wireless device, a third wireless device, or both.

22. A method for wireless communication at a passive backscatter device, the method comprising: receiving a first message from a first wireless device, the first message including at least an indication of an identifier associated with the first wireless device and a temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; storing, at the passive backscatter device, the indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device; receiving a control message for activation of the passive backscatter device from a second wireless device; as well as In response to receiving the control message, a backscatter signal is transmitted based at least in part on the activation of the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least the indication of the identifier associated with the first wireless device and the temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device.

23. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: Configuration information for a timer is received from the first wireless device, wherein the passive backscatter device refrains from sending backscatter signaling to one or more other wireless devices for a duration associated with the timer.

24. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: A second message is received from the second wireless device, the second message indicating a second identifier for the second wireless device and an updated temporary identifier for the passive backscatter device.

25. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: A connection is established with the second wireless device based at least in part on receiving the control message.

26. The method of claim 22, wherein the identifier associated with the first wireless device comprises a physical cell identifier, a cell radio network temporary identifier, or a temporary mobile subscriber identity identifier.

27. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: receiving a second control message for the passive backscatter device from the second wireless device, wherein the second control message includes a configuration for periodic backscatter for measurement; as well as A second backscatter signal for measurement is sent in response to receiving the second control message, wherein the second backscatter signal is sent periodically.

28. The method according to claim 27, further comprising: receiving a periodic synchronization signal from the second wireless device; as well as Timing for the backscatter signal is synchronized based at least in part on the periodic synchronization signal received from the second wireless device, wherein transmitting the second backscatter signal is based at least in part on the synchronized timing.

29. The method according to claim 27, further comprising: A continuous wave signal or an ambient orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is received from the first wireless device, the third wireless device, or both, wherein sending the second backscatter signal is based at least in part on modulating the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the ambient OFDM signal on a symbol basis, and wherein data for backscattering is preconfigured at the passive backscatter device.

30. A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, the method comprising: sending a control message for activating the passive backscatter device to the passive backscatter device; receiving a backscatter signal from the passive backscatter device, the backscatter signal including at least an indication of an identifier associated with a second wireless device and a temporary identifier associated with the passive backscatter device, wherein the backscatter signal is based at least in part on the control message; sending a request for context information to the second wireless device based at least in part on receiving the backscatter signal; as well as The context information associated with the passive backscatter device is received from the second wireless device.

Images