Multifunctional anti-icing and deicing shape memory composite material coating

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of anti-icing and de-icing, and provides a multifunctional anti-icing and de-icing shape memory composite material coating which is prepared by the following steps: mixing GO and MGO in a solvent, and uniformly dispersing to obtain a first mixed solution; mixing the mixed solution with preheated PI, and uniformly dispersing to obtain a second mixed solution; heating the second mixed solution to a preset temperature, heating for a preset time, adding a curing agent, and defoaming to obtain an MGO / GO / PI fluid; the MGO / GO / PI fluid is placed under preset electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity for orientation, after orientation is completed, the MGO / GO / PI fluid is loaded on a base body, curing is conducted, and the MGO / GO / PI composite material is obtained. The invention aims to combine the advantages of various existing anti-icing and deicing technologies, and by combining shape memory shear force deicing, electric heating deicing and super-hydrophobic anti-icing, the deicing energy consumption is saved to the greatest extent, and the anti-icing and deicing performance is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of anti-icing, and in particular relates to a multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite material coating. Background Art

[0002] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not necessarily be regarded as an admission or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] Ice accumulation on wind turbine blades can significantly alter their geometry and increase surface roughness, leading to a decrease in aerodynamic performance and even major safety incidents. With the continued expansion of wind power generation in recent years, the issue of de-icing wind turbine blades has become urgent. Traditional de-icing methods include passive de-icing (superhydrophobic coatings, metal surface design) and active de-icing (mechanical and thermal methods), but these methods often struggle to balance cost, efficiency, and pollution. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new, versatile and efficient de-icing method that combines the advantages of existing methods.

[0004] Shape memory polymers, as a type of stimulus-responsive and self-regulating smart material, are widely used in aerospace, biomedicine, electronic devices, intelligent manufacturing and other fields. They can restore their temporary shape to their initial inherent shape under the stimulation of external conditions (such as heat, magnetism, electricity, light, solution, etc.). A study prepared a shape memory anti-icing composite film using micro-nano filler particles and hydrophobic modifiers as raw materials, but it only has hydrophobic passive anti-icing and shape memory functions. The industry is still in urgent need of a multifunctional anti-icing composite coating that can combine the advantages of various existing anti-icing technologies to further optimize the deicing effect while reducing energy consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a multifunctional anti-icing composite material coating based on shape memory effect, which aims to combine the advantages of various existing anti-icing technologies, and combine shape memory shear force deicing, electric thermal deicing, and superhydrophobic anti-icing to save deicing energy consumption and improve anti-icing performance to the greatest extent.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A first aspect of the present invention provides a multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating, comprising: Mixing and uniformly dispersing GO and MGO in a solvent to obtain a first mixed solution; The mixed solution is mixed with preheated PI and dispersed evenly to obtain a second mixed solution; The second mixed liquid is heated to a preset temperature, heated for a preset time, and then a curing agent is added and degassed to obtain an MGO / GO / PI fluid; The MGO / GO / PI fluid is placed under a preset electric field strength and magnetic field strength for orientation. After the orientation is completed, the MGO / GO / PI fluid is loaded on a substrate and solidified to obtain the product.

[0007] The working principle of this invention is as follows: when a layer of ice forms on the surface of a wind turbine blade, electricity is applied to the MGO / GO / PI coating to generate heat, and the surface ice is removed by heat energy; when the power is continued and the glass transition temperature (about 40°C) is reached, the MGO / GO / PI coating begins to return to its original shape, and in this process, shear force is generated to further remove the surface ice, achieving the purpose of de-icing; at the same time, the hydrophobicity of the MGO / GO / PI coating itself can also prevent droplets from condensing on the surface before ice forms, thereby playing an effective anti-icing role.

[0008] The second aspect of the present invention provides a multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite material coating prepared by the above method.

[0009] The present invention has multifunctional characteristics: it combines hydrophobic passive anti-icing with shape memory and electrothermal active deicing, further optimizing the deicing effect while reducing energy consumption.

[0010] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a wind turbine blade is provided, wherein the surface of the wind turbine blade is loaded with the multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite material coating.

[0011] Beneficial effects of the present invention (1) The present invention utilizes the “deformation-recovery” property of shape memory epoxy resin. By applying electricity to the deformed MGO / GO / PI coating to increase the temperature and generate deformation, the accumulated ice is removed by means of the shear force.

[0012] (2) The MGO / GO / PI coating itself has good electrothermal properties. It can heat up and deform by itself without the need for an external heating layer, and melt ice with the help of thermal energy. In addition, compared with the purely electric deicing method, since the deicing can be carried out in conjunction with the shape memory effect while heating, the power-on time is shortened during deicing, the energy consumed is reduced, and the deicing efficiency is higher.

[0013] (3) The MGO / GO coating itself has good hydrophobic properties and can play a good anti-icing role before ice is formed; in addition, the vertically oriented MGO / GO inside after electromagnetic induction can maximize the thermal conductivity and hydrophobicity of the coating.

[0014] (4) The MGO / GO / PI coating has good mechanical properties and is flexible, which can minimize the impact on the aerodynamic performance of wind turbine blades.

[0015] (5) The preparation method of the present invention is simple, practical, and easy to promote. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their description are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0017] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite material coating of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a test chart of the hydrophobic performance of the MGO / GO / PI coating prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0020] Unless otherwise defined, all professional and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those familiar to those skilled in the art. The reagents or raw materials used in the present invention can be purchased through conventional channels. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents or raw materials used in the present invention are used in accordance with conventional methods in the art or according to product specifications. Similarly, unless otherwise specified, the test methods of the present invention are also tested in accordance with conventional methods in the art or the common methods or standards in the industry. In addition, any methods and materials similar to or equivalent to the described contents can be applied to the inventive method. The preferred embodiments and materials described herein are for demonstration purposes only.

[0021] The present invention focuses on developing a composite material coating with shape memory function, which breaks the surface ice layer through the shear force generated during shape recovery, while giving the coating superhydrophobicity and good electrothermal properties, realizing de-icing in a combination of multiple methods.

[0022] To this end, the present invention provides a multifunctional anti-deicing shape memory composite coating, such as Figure 1 As shown, including: Mixing and uniformly dispersing GO and MGO in a solvent to obtain a first mixed solution; The mixed solution is mixed with preheated PI and dispersed evenly to obtain a second mixed solution; The second mixed liquid is heated to a preset temperature, heated for a preset time, and then a curing agent is added and degassed to obtain an MGO / GO / PI fluid; The MGO / GO / PI fluid is placed under a preset electric field strength and magnetic field strength for orientation. After the orientation is completed, the MGO / GO / PI fluid is loaded on a substrate and solidified to obtain the product.

[0023] The amount of MGO, GO, and PI used will affect the anti-icing effect of the coating. Therefore, the present invention studies their amounts. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of PI to MGO and GO is 100:1:1-2 to obtain a better anti-icing effect.

[0024] In order to make GO and MGO disperse evenly in the solvent, the present invention studies the dispersion solvent and concentration. Preferably, in some embodiments, the solvent is an ethanol solution, and the mass concentration of GO is 0.16-0.33 g / mL, so that GO and MGO are evenly dispersed in the solvent.

[0025] Temperature and time will affect the preheating effect of PI. Therefore, the present invention studies the preheating temperature and time of PI. In some embodiments, the PI is preheated at 60-65°C for 10-15 minutes to obtain a better preheating effect.

[0026] Different dispersion methods will affect the final dispersion effect and results. Therefore, the present invention studies the dispersion method. In some embodiments, the dispersion is ultrasonic dispersion to better disperse MGO, GO and PI in the solvent.

[0027] In some embodiments, the second mixed solution is heated to 90-95° C. and heated for 2-3 hours.

[0028] The curing agent chemically reacts with the active groups in the resin to form a cross-linked network structure, thereby accelerating the curing process of the coating and improving the strength and stability of the coating. To this end, the present invention has studied the types of curing agents. In some embodiments, the curing agent is a thermal curing agent, preferably one or both of nadic anhydride (NA) or 4-ethynylaniline (4-EA) to obtain a better curing effect.

[0029] The amount of curing agent used will affect the final curing effect and curing rate. Therefore, the present invention studies the amount of curing agent used. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the curing agent to PI is 1-1.2:2 to obtain a better curing effect and accelerate the curing process.

[0030] The electric field strength and direction will affect the orientation effect. Therefore, the present invention studies the electric field strength and direction. In some embodiments, the electric field strength is 100-120 V / mm and the electric field direction is in the X direction to obtain a better orientation effect.

[0031] The magnetic field strength and direction will affect the orientation effect. Therefore, the present invention studies the magnetic field strength and direction. In some embodiments, the magnetic field strength is 300-400 mT and the direction of the magnetic field lines is in the Y direction to obtain a better orientation effect.

[0032] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the specific embodiments are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0033] MGO: magnetic graphene oxide; GO: graphene oxide; PI: polyimide.

[0034] Example 1 First, prepare the MGO / GO / PI fluid: Weigh 1% GO and 1% MGO by weight of PI, respectively, and dissolve them in a 1:1 ratio in 6 ml of ethanol. Disperse the mixture under ultrasonication for 15 minutes. Then, add 10 g of PI to a separate beaker and preheat it to 60°C in a water bath for 10 minutes. Pour the dispersed GO into the preheated PI. Place the mixing beaker in an ultrasonic disperser and ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes. Then, heat the beaker in a forced air drying oven at 90°C for 2 hours. Add 5 g of curing agent to the beaker containing PI and stir for 10 minutes until bubbles disappear.

[0035] The MGO / GO / PI fluid was then oriented to maximize its hydrophobic and thermal conductivity: the uniformly mixed MGO / GO / PI fluid was poured into an electrolytic mold, with titanium plates inserted at each end. The two titanium plates were connected to the positive and negative terminals of a DC power supply, with an electric field strength of 100 V / mm and an electric field oriented in the X direction. The device was placed between two neodymium magnets with a magnetic flux density of 300 mT and a magnetic field line oriented in the Y direction. The electrodes were spaced 9 mm apart, and the magnets were spaced 15 cm apart. Orientation took 90 minutes.

[0036] Finally, the oriented MGO / GO / PI was placed in an oven at 150-200°C for curing for 2 hours.

[0037] Example 2 The coating prepared in Example 1 was loaded on the surface of the wind turbine blade with a thickness of about 65um. The shape memory effect of the MGO / GO / PI coating played a good role in deicing applications: when the ambient temperature was -15°C, a water spray method was used to fix an ice layer about 7mm thick on the surface of the MGO / GO / PI coating, and a 9A constant current source was connected to carry out a deicing experiment. The results showed that the deicing time of the two-dimensionally oriented MGO / GO / EP composite material was 324 seconds, while the deicing time of the GO / EP composite material that had not undergone shape memory treatment was 416 seconds. In addition, the orientation of the MGO layer in the MGO / GO / PI coating also played an important role in deicing: the thermal conductivity of the two-dimensionally oriented MGO / GO / EP composite material was 0.706 W / (m·K) along the X direction and 0.697 W / (m·K) along the Y direction. These values ​​are 90.29% and 87.87% higher than the thermal conductivity of the randomly doped GO / EP composite material, respectively. In addition, in order to test the hydrophobicity of MGO / GO / PI itself: at room temperature, a water drop of about 30 microliters was dropped on the coating surface. The water clusters showed a good spherical shape without any cracking or obvious rolling. The hydrophobic angle was about 117°. Figure 2 As shown, it proves that the coating itself has good hydrophobic and anti-icing performance.

[0038] Example 3 First, prepare the MGO / GO / PI fluid: Weigh 1% and 1% of the mass of GO and MGO, respectively, and dissolve them in 6 ml of ethanol at a 1:1 ratio. Disperse the mixture under ultrasonication for 15 minutes. Then, add 10 g of PI to a separate beaker and preheat it to 65°C in a water bath for 15 minutes. Pour the dispersed GO into the preheated PI. Place the mixing beaker in an ultrasonic disperser and ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes. Then, heat the beaker in a forced air drying oven at 95°C for 3 hours. Add 6 g of curing agent to the beaker containing PI and stir for 10 minutes until the bubbles disappear.

[0039] The MGO / GO / PI fluid was then oriented to maximize its hydrophobic and thermal conductivity: the uniformly mixed MGO / GO / PI fluid was poured into an electrolytic mold, with titanium plates inserted at each end. The two titanium plates were connected to the positive and negative terminals of a DC power supply, with an electric field strength of 120 V / mm and an electric field oriented in the X direction. The device was placed between two neodymium magnets with a magnetic flux density of 400 mT and a magnetic field line oriented in the Y direction. The electrodes were spaced 9 mm apart, and the magnets were spaced 15 cm apart. Orientation took 90 minutes.

[0040] Finally, the oriented MGO / GO / PI was placed in an oven at 150-200°C for curing for 3 hours.

[0041] Example 4 First, prepare the MGO / GO / PI fluid: GO and MGO, weighed at 1% and 1.5% of the PI mass, respectively, are dissolved in 6 ml of ethanol at a 1:1 ratio. Disperse the mixture under ultrasonication for 15 minutes. Then, add 10 g of PI to a separate beaker and preheat to 62°C in a water bath for 12 minutes. Pour the dispersed GO into the preheated PI. Place the mixing beaker in an ultrasonic disperser and ultrasonically disperse for 30 minutes. Then, heat the beaker in a forced air drying oven at 92°C for 2.4 hours. Add 5 g of curing agent to the beaker containing PI and stir for 10 minutes until bubbles disappear.

[0042] The MGO / GO / PI fluid was then oriented to maximize its hydrophobic and thermal conductivity: the uniformly mixed MGO / GO / PI fluid was poured into an electrolytic mold, with titanium plates inserted at each end. The two titanium plates were connected to the positive and negative terminals of a DC power supply, with an electric field strength of 110 V / mm and an electric field oriented in the X direction. The device was placed between two neodymium magnets with a magnetic flux density of 350 mT and a magnetic field line oriented in the Y direction. The electrodes were spaced 9 mm apart and the magnets 15 cm apart. Orientation took 90 minutes.

[0043] Finally, the oriented MGO / GO / PI was placed in an oven at 150-200°C for curing for 4 hours.

[0044] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating, characterized in that: include: Mixing and uniformly dispersing GO and MGO in a solvent to obtain a first mixed solution; The mixed solution is mixed with preheated PI and dispersed evenly to obtain a second mixed solution; The second mixed liquid is heated to a preset temperature, heated for a preset time, and then a curing agent is added and degassed to obtain an MGO / GO / PI fluid; The MGO / GO / PI fluid is placed under a preset electric field strength and magnetic field strength for orientation. After the orientation is completed, the MGO / GO / PI fluid is loaded on a substrate and solidified to obtain the product.

2. The multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of PI to MGO and GO is 100:1:1-2.

3. The multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite material coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is an ethanol solution, and the mass concentration of GO is 0.16-0.33 g / mL.

4. The multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating according to claim 1, wherein: The PI was preheated at 60-65°C for 10-15 min.

5. The multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating according to claim 1, wherein: The second mixed solution was heated to 90-95°C for 2-3 hours.

6. The multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating according to claim 1, wherein: The curing agent is a thermal curing agent; Alternatively, the curing agent is one or both of nadic anhydride (NA) and 4-ethynylaniline (4-EA); Alternatively, the mass ratio of the curing agent to PI is 1-1.2:

2.

7. The multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating according to claim 1, wherein: The electric field intensity is 100-120 V / mm, and the electric field direction is the X direction.

8. The multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating according to claim 1, wherein: The magnetic field strength is 300-400 mT, and the direction of the magnetic field lines is the Y direction.

9. A multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite coating prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A wind turbine blade, characterized in that: The surface of the wind turbine blade is loaded with the multifunctional anti-icing shape memory composite material coating according to claim 9.

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