Coating structure for water conservancy project

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of real stone paint coatings, in particular to a coating structure for a water conservancy project, which is characterized in that the coating structure for the water conservancy project is arranged on the outer surface of a base body and comprises a bottom bonding layer, an elastic transition layer, a middle main structure layer, a functional decoration layer and a surface protection layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; wherein on the basis of the mass of a dry film of the coating, the surface protection layer is prepared from the following components: 20%-30% of fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 58%-62% of calcined ceramsite, 1%-6% of an organic silicon water repellent agent, 0.2%-0.8% of graphene dispersion liquid, 1%-6% of temperature-sensitive microcapsules, a dispersing agent and a thickening agent; the sum of the dispersing agent and the thickening agent accounts for 6%-9%; the coating structure can resist multiple damages such as ultraviolet irradiation, water flow scouring, freeze-thaw cycle and chemical corrosion, and is particularly suitable for complex climate scenes such as marine environments and alpine regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of real stone paint coatings, and in particular to a coating structure for water conservancy projects. Background Art

[0002] As a vital component of national infrastructure, water conservancy projects encompass reservoirs, dams, channels, gates, pumping stations, and other facilities, exposed to complex chemical and physical environments for extended periods. In addition to withstanding the impact and immersion of water, they also face the erosion of engineering materials (such as metals, concrete, and geotechnical structures) by environmental factors such as water, sediment, dissolved oxygen, salt, and microorganisms. Long-term corrosion can lead to structural rust, leakage, and scour damage, directly impacting the safety and service life of the project.

[0003] Utility model patent No. 2023224435974 discloses a coating structure for dam concrete and dam concrete. The coating structure is applied to the outer surface of the dam concrete base and comprises a primer, a first aerogel insulation coating, a phase change coating, and a second aerogel insulation coating, stacked sequentially from the inside out. This coating structure on the outer surface of the dam features high thermal resistance, intelligently adjusts the temperature of the dam concrete base, requires no disassembly, and eliminates cold or hot bridges. It continuously provides thermal insulation and moisture retention for the dam. Furthermore, each layer can be spray-applied, resulting in a smooth dam surface and high construction efficiency, while reducing labor costs.

[0004] However, the decorative layer in the above patent is prone to fading under long-term exposure to ultraviolet rays and high-wash environments. After fading, it not only affects the appearance but may also lead to a decrease in waterproof and moisture-proof functions. It needs to be repainted to restore the appearance, which will increase labor costs and material costs. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies or problems existing in the prior art, the present disclosure provides a coating structure for water conservancy projects, which can effectively prevent the fading of the decorative layer and has good protective function.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present disclosure to solve the above technical problems is: a coating structure for water conservancy projects, which is arranged on the outer surface of a substrate, including a bottom bonding layer, an elastic transition layer, a middle main structure layer, a functional decorative layer and a surface protective layer arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0007] Among them, based on the mass of the coating dry film, the surface protective layer includes the following components: 20%-30% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 58%-62% calcined ceramsite, 1%-6% silicone hydrophobic agent, 0.2%-0.8% graphene dispersion, 1%-6% thermosensitive microcapsules, dispersants and thickeners, and the sum of the dispersants and thickeners accounts for 6%-9%.

[0008] Preferably, the surface protective layer comprises the following components: 25% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 60% calcined ceramsite, 4% silicone hydrophobic agent, 0.5% graphene dispersion, 3% thermosensitive microcapsules, dispersant and thickener, and the sum of the dispersant and thickener accounts for 7.5%.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the organosilicon hydrophobic agent is polydimethylsiloxane.

[0010] The thermosensitive microcapsules use poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) as a shell material to encapsulate a paraffin-based phase change material, or poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) as a shell material to encapsulate a corrosion inhibitor, wherein the corrosion inhibitor is benzotriazole. Poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., and benzotriazole was purchased from Shandong Longhui Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the dispersant of the graphene dispersion is water, wherein the volume of graphene solids accounts for 4% of the total volume of the dispersion.

[0012] The dispersant is a high molecular weight polycarboxylate dispersant, which has good compatibility with fluorocarbon emulsion and can effectively disperse the calcined ceramsite.

[0013] Preferably, the polymer polycarboxylate dispersant is Lubrizol 27000 or Digao Dispers 655.

[0014] The thickener is a nonionic associative thickener having both anti-settling and anti-sagging properties.

[0015] Preferably, the nonionic associative thickener is polyurethane, and the polyurethane nonionic associative thickener is Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-8W or Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-2020NPR.

[0016] Fluorocarbon-modified acrylic emulsion is the base resin, providing film-forming and weather resistance. Calcined ceramsite serves as the skeleton structure, with a Mohs hardness of 7 and good erosion resistance. The contact angle of the silicone hydrophobic agent is greater than 110° to achieve a "lotus effect." 0.5% graphene dispersion, of which 0.5% is graphene solid content, is dispersed in the fluorocarbon-modified acrylic base emulsion. Dispersants and thickeners are used to adjust the construction rheology and prevent the ceramsite from settling.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer includes the following components: 25%-32% acrylic-silicone composite resin, 60%-70% calcined sand, 0.2%-0.4% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 3%-6% dispersant or leveling agent, and 1%-3% ultraviolet absorber.

[0018] Preferably, based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer includes the following components: 28% acrylic-silicone composite resin, 65% calcined sand, 0.3% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 4.7% dispersant or leveling agent, and 2% ultraviolet absorber.

[0019] The particle size of Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material is 20nm. Ag itself has antibacterial properties (silver ion effect), which synergizes with TiO2's photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can quickly destroy bacterial cell membranes and kill bacteria.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the calcined sand is 200-400 mesh.

[0021] The dispersant is an anionic polyacrylate ammonium salt dispersant, which prevents the calcined sand from agglomerating.

[0022] Preferably, the anionic polyacrylate ammonium salt dispersant is Dispersogen 2440 or PAAS-30.

[0023] The leveling agent is a silicone-polyether copolymer leveling agent, which improves surface smoothness.

[0024] Preferably, the organosilicon-polyether copolymer leveling agent is Flowsuper 2330 or DY-ET333.

[0025] The ultraviolet absorber is a benzotriazole, specifically 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole.

[0026] Acrylic-silicone composite resin is used as the base resin to provide adhesion and structural color bearing capacity; calcined sand is used as the structural color aggregate, and 200-400 mesh calcined sand is used to control angle-sensitive color change, with a ΔE of less than 1.5; Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material is nano-scale dispersed, and the light antibacterial rate is greater than 99%; dispersant or leveling agent can ensure the uniform distribution of calcined sand and clear structural color development; UV absorber is used to assist in anti-aging.

[0027] The functional decorative layer uses photocatalytic materials to decompose surface organic matter, reduce algae adhesion, achieve self-cleaning, and reduce maintenance costs; UV absorbers can delay resin degradation, and silicone improves weather resistance. The two work together to have an anti-aging effect; calcined sand provides color and texture, taking into account both aesthetics and anti-slip properties.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment, based on the mass of the coating dry film, the middle main structural layer includes the following components: 30%-40% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 2%-5% nano-silica sol, 52%-59% quartz sand, 0.8%-1.5% epoxy resin microcapsules, 0.5%-1.2% ionic liquid microcapsules, 0.3%-0.7% vascular network material, 0.5%-1.2% phase change energy storage material, and 1.3%-2.5% dispersant or defoaming agent.

[0029] Preferably, based on the mass of the coating dry film, the middle main structural layer includes the following components: 35% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 3.5% nano silica sol, 56% quartz sand, 1.2% epoxy resin microcapsule, 0.8% ionic liquid microcapsule, 0.5% vascular network material, 1% phase change energy storage material, and 2% dispersant or defoaming agent.

[0030] The fluorine content of the fluorocarbon-modified acrylic emulsion is 18% to 24%; preferably, the fluorine content is 20%. This significantly improves the resin's weather resistance (UV resistance and aging resistance) and hydrophobicity, meeting the requirement for long-term immersion without swelling, while also effectively managing costs. More importantly, when the fluorine content is 20%, the synergistic interaction between the fluorocarbon-modified acrylic emulsion and the nano-silica sol and quartz sand does not reduce interfacial bonding strength due to excessive fluorine content.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment, the epoxy resin microcapsules contain a repair agent, which is an amine curing agent encapsulated in bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA), enabling self-repair after microcapsule rupture. Preferably, the amine curing agent is m-xylylenediamine. The bisphenol A epoxy resin was purchased from Laizhou Baichen Insulation Materials Co., Ltd., and the m-xylylenediamine was purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0032] The ionic liquid microcapsules contain a passivating agent, sodium molybdate coated with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6), which slowly releases and passivates the metal matrix. Both sodium molybdate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate were purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0033] The vascular-mimicking network material is a three-dimensional interpenetrating polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fiber structure, used to simulate blood vessels and deliver repair substances. The diameter of the three-dimensional interpenetrating polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fiber is 50-100 μm. The capillary force of the vascular-mimicking network material is greater than 20 kPa, and the repair agent can be transported over a distance greater than 5 cm.

[0034] The phase change energy storage material is a paraffin-based microcapsule or an octadecane / melamine resin microcapsule.

[0035] Through the synergistic effect of vascular network materials and phase change energy storage materials, the coating system achieves properties such as anti-scouring (ceramsite Mohs hardness 7), self-repair (microcapsule repair efficiency > 80%), long-term antibacterial (inhibition rate > 99%) and intelligent response (temperature-sensitive color change ΔE < 1.5), meeting the stringent service requirements of water conservancy projects.

[0036] The dispersant is a polycarboxylate ether dispersant, and the polycarboxylate ether dispersant is Sika Or BASF MasterEase 959.

[0037] The defoaming agent is an organosilicon defoaming agent, which can quickly break bubbles without causing surface defects.

[0038] The organosilicon defoamer is specifically BYK-022.

[0039] Among them, nano-silica sol refers to nano-silica dispersed in fluorocarbon emulsion, with nano-silica accounting for 10% of the total mass of the fluorocarbon emulsion, and nano-silica sol is used to fill gaps.

[0040] The fluorocarbon in the nano-silica sol is resistant to UV rays, the nano-silica sol improves hardness and chemical corrosion resistance, and the quartz sand provides compressive support, making the coating structure high-strength and weather-resistant; the epoxy resin microcapsules release repair agents after rupture, which can repair microcracks, thereby achieving self-repair function; the phase change energy storage material can store energy and regulate temperature, reduce thermal stress, and achieve temperature regulation; the vascular network material can form microchannels to transport repair agents.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment, based on the mass of the coating dry film, the elastic transition layer includes the following components: 80%-89% epoxy resin, 2%-4% chopped glass fiber or basalt fiber, 0.8%-1.2% silane coupling agent, 4%-6% plasticizer, 1%-3% thixotropic agent, and 1%-6% curing agent.

[0042] Preferably, based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer includes the following components: 85% epoxy resin, 3% chopped glass fiber or basalt fiber, 1% silane coupling agent, 5% plasticizer, 2% thixotropic agent, and 4% curing agent.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment, the silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to enhance the bonding at the fiber / resin interface.

[0044] The plasticizer is a phthalate plasticizer, such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate or dibutyl phthalate; the thixotropic agent is fumed silica; and the curing agent is an amine curing agent, such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, or triethylenetetramine.

[0045] Chopped glass fiber or basalt fiber can improve the toughness and crack resistance of the coating structure, relieve the stress caused by temperature difference or deformation between the substrate and the upper layer, and play a stress buffering role; plasticizers adjust the elastic modulus, thixotropic agents optimize construction leveling, and silane coupling agents enhance interlayer bonding, so that the coating structure has both flexibility and curing stability.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment, based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer comprises the following components: 65%-75% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 12%-18% quartz sand and 10%-20% silica powder.

[0047] Preferably, based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer comprises the following components: 70% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 15% quartz sand and 15% silica powder.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment, the epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion refers to an aqueous emulsion formed by copolymerizing epoxy resin (E-44) and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH-560) through a sol-gel method; the particle size of the quartz sand is 100-200 mesh; and the particle size of the silica powder is 100-200 mesh.

[0049] Epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion can strengthen the chemical bond with the substrate and enhance adhesion; silane provides hydrophobicity, quartz sand and silica powder fill the pores, increase density, and prevent water vapor penetration, thereby improving corrosion resistance; in addition, quartz sand also enhances wear resistance, making the coating structure more suitable for the scouring environment of water conservancy projects.

[0050] Compared with existing products: This application arranges a bottom bonding layer, an elastic transition layer, a middle main structure layer, a functional decorative layer and a surface protective layer on the outer surface of the substrate from the inside to the outside, so that the coating structure is progressive from bonding, buffering to protection, resisting multiple damages such as ultraviolet radiation, water erosion, freeze-thaw cycles, and chemical corrosion. It is particularly suitable for complex climate scenarios such as marine environments and high-altitude cold regions.

[0051] Calcined ceramsite can increase wear resistance and impact resistance, silicone hydrophobic agent is used for waterproofing, graphene can enhance conductivity and corrosion resistance, and thermosensitive microcapsules can achieve temperature-responsive self-repairing / hydrophobic regulation, so that the surface protective layer provides effective protection, waterproofing, wear resistance, and self-repairing, thereby better resisting ultraviolet radiation and high-intensity water erosion, extending the life of the coating structure and reducing maintenance frequency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that these drawings are drawn only for the purpose of explaining the preferred embodiments and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the drawings are merely schematic representations of the composition or structure of the described objects and may contain exaggerated representations. The drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0053] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a coating structure for water conservancy projects disclosed in the present invention.

[0054] Description of reference numerals:

[0055] 1. Substrate; 2. Bottom bonding layer; 3. Elastic transition layer; 4. Middle main structural layer; 5. Functional decorative layer; 6. Surface protective layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, a coating structure for water conservancy projects is provided on the outer surface of a substrate 1, comprising a bottom bonding layer 2, an elastic transition layer 3, a middle main structure layer 4, a functional decorative layer 5 and a surface protection layer 6, which are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0057] Among them, based on the dry film mass of the coating, the surface protective layer 6 includes the following components: 20%-30% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 58%-62% calcined ceramsite, 1%-6% silicone hydrophobic agent, 0.2%-0.8% graphene dispersion, 1%-6% thermosensitive microcapsules, dispersant and thickener, and the sum of the dispersant and thickener accounts for 6%-9%;

[0058] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer 5 comprises the following components: 25%-32% of acrylic-silicone composite resin, 60%-70% of calcined sand, 0.2%-0.4% of Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 3%-6% of dispersant or leveling agent, and 1%-3% of ultraviolet absorber;

[0059] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the middle main structural layer 4 includes the following components: 30%-40% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 2%-5% nano-silica sol, 52%-59% quartz sand, 0.8%-1.5% epoxy resin microcapsules, 0.5%-1.2% ionic liquid microcapsules, 0.3%-0.7% vascular network material, 0.5%-1.2% phase change energy storage material, and 1.3%-2.5% dispersant or defoaming agent;

[0060] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer 3 comprises the following components: 80%-89% epoxy resin, 2%-4% chopped glass fiber or basalt fiber, 0.8%-1.2% silane coupling agent, 4%-6% plasticizer, 1%-3% thixotropic agent, and 1%-6% curing agent;

[0061] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer 2 includes the following components: 65%-75% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 12%-18% quartz sand and 10%-20% silicon powder.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A coating structure for water conservancy projects, arranged on the outer surface of a substrate 1, comprising a bottom bonding layer 2, an elastic transition layer 3, a middle main structure layer 4, a functional decorative layer 5 and a surface protection layer 6 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0064] Among them, based on the dry film quality of the coating, the surface protection layer 6 includes the following components: 25% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 60% calcined ceramsite, 4% polydimethylsiloxane, 0.5% graphene dispersion, 3% poly N-isopropylacrylamide as shell material wrapped paraffin-based phase change material, Lubrizol 27000 and Lubrizol RheologyModifier RM-8W, the Lubrizol The combined share of 27000 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-8W is 7.5%;

[0065] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer 5 comprises the following components: 28% acrylic-silicone composite resin, 65% calcined sand, 0.3% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 4.7% Dispersogen 2440, and 2% 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole;

[0066] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the middle main structural layer 4 includes the following components: 35% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 3.5% nano silica sol, 56% quartz sand, 1.2% epoxy resin microcapsule, 0.8% ionic liquid microcapsule, 0.5% three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fiber, 1% paraffin-based microcapsule, 2% Sika

[0067] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer 3 comprises the following components: 85% epoxy resin, 3% chopped glass fiber, 1% γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 5% di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2% fumed silica, and 4% ethylenediamine;

[0068] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer 2 includes the following components: 70% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 15% quartz sand and 15% silicon powder.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] A coating structure for water conservancy projects, arranged on the outer surface of a substrate 1, comprising a bottom bonding layer 2, an elastic transition layer 3, a middle main structure layer 4, a functional decorative layer 5 and a surface protection layer 6 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0071] Among them, based on the dry film quality of the coating, the surface protective layer 6 includes the following components: 20% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 60% calcined ceramsite, 5% polydimethylsiloxane, 0.6% graphene dispersion, 6% poly N-isopropylacrylamide as the shell material wrapped with benzotriazole, Digo Dispers 655 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-2020NPR, Digo Dispers 655 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-2020NPR combined account for 8.4%;

[0072] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer 5 includes the following components: 25% acrylic acid-organic silicon composite resin, 70% calcined sand, 0.4% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 3% PAAS-30, and 1.6% 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole;

[0073] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the middle main structural layer 4 comprises the following components: 40% fluorocarbon-modified acrylic emulsion, 3.5% nano-silica sol, 52% quartz sand, 1.5% epoxy resin microcapsules, 0.7% ionic liquid microcapsules, 0.5% three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fibers, 0.5% octadecane / melamine resin microcapsules, and 1.3% BASF MasterEase 959;

[0074] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer 3 comprises the following components: 84% epoxy resin, 2% chopped glass fiber, 1% γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 4% di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 3% fumed silica, and 6% diethylenetriamine;

[0075] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer 2 includes the following components: 65% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 15% quartz sand and 20% silica powder.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] A coating structure for water conservancy projects, arranged on the outer surface of a substrate 1, comprising a bottom bonding layer 2, an elastic transition layer 3, a middle main structure layer 4, a functional decorative layer 5 and a surface protection layer 6 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0078] Among them, based on the dry film quality of the coating, the surface protection layer 6 includes the following components: 30% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 58% calcined ceramsite, 1% polydimethylsiloxane, 0.2% graphene dispersion, 4.8% poly N-isopropylacrylamide as shell material wrapped paraffin-based phase change material, Digo Dispers 655 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-8W, Digo Dispers 655 and Lubrizol Rheology ModifierRM-8W combined account for 6%;

[0079] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer 5 includes the following components: 32% acrylic-silicone composite resin, 60.8% calcined sand, 0.2% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 6% Flowsuper 2330, and 1% 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole;

[0080] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the middle main structural layer 4 comprises the following components: 33% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 3% nano-silica sol, 59% quartz sand, 1.2% epoxy resin microcapsules, 0.5% ionic liquid microcapsules, 0.3% three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fibers, 0.5% paraffin-based microcapsules, and 2.5% BYK-022;

[0081] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer 3 comprises the following components: 80% epoxy resin, 4% basalt fiber, 1.2% γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 6% di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 2.8% fumed silica, and 6% ethylenediamine;

[0082] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer 2 includes the following components: 75% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 12% quartz sand and 13% silica powder.

[0083] Example 4

[0084] A coating structure for water conservancy projects, arranged on the outer surface of a substrate 1, comprising a bottom bonding layer 2, an elastic transition layer 3, a middle main structure layer 4, a functional decorative layer 5 and a surface protection layer 6 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0085] Among them, based on the dry film quality of the coating, the surface protective layer 6 includes the following components: 23% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 60.2% calcined ceramsite, 6% polydimethylsiloxane, 0.8% graphene dispersion, 1% poly N-isopropylacrylamide as the shell material wrapped with benzotriazole, Digo Dispers 655 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-2020NPR, Digo Dispers 655 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-2020NPR combined account for 9%;

[0086] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer 5 includes the following components: 31.7% acrylic acid-organic silicon composite resin, 60% calcined sand, 0.3% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 5% DY-ET333, and 3% 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole;

[0087] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the middle main structural layer 4 comprises the following components: 34% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 2% nano-silica sol, 58% quartz sand, 0.8% epoxy resin microcapsules, 1.2% ionic liquid microcapsules, 0.6% three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fibers, 1.2% octadecane / melamine resin microcapsules, and 2.2% BYK-022;

[0088] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer 3 comprises the following components: 89% epoxy resin, 2% basalt fiber, 1% γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 4% dibutyl phthalate, 1% fumed silica, and 3% triethylenetetramine;

[0089] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer 2 includes the following components: 72% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 18% quartz sand and 10% silicon powder.

[0090] Example 5

[0091] A coating structure for water conservancy projects, arranged on the outer surface of a substrate 1, comprising a bottom bonding layer 2, an elastic transition layer 3, a middle main structure layer 4, a functional decorative layer 5 and a surface protection layer 6 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0092] Among them, based on the dry film quality of the coating, the surface protective layer 6 includes the following components: 26.5% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 62% calcined ceramsite, 2% polydimethylsiloxane, 0.5% graphene dispersion, 2% poly N-isopropylacrylamide as the shell material wrapped with benzotriazole, Digo Dispers 655 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-2020NPR, Digo Dispers 655 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-2020NPR combined account for 7%;

[0093] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer 5 includes the following components: 27% acrylic-silicone composite resin, 66.6% calcined sand, 0.4% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 4% Flowsuper 2330, and 2% 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole;

[0094] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the middle main structural layer 4 comprises the following components: 30% fluorocarbon-modified acrylic emulsion, 5% nano-silica sol, 58% quartz sand, 1.5% epoxy resin microcapsules, 1.1% ionic liquid microcapsules, 0.7% three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fibers, 1.2% octadecane / melamine resin microcapsules, and 2.5% BASF MasterEase 959;

[0095] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer 3 comprises the following components: 88% epoxy resin, 3% basalt fiber, 1% γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 5% dibutyl phthalate, 2% fumed silica, and 1% triethylenetetramine;

[0096] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer 2 includes the following components: 68% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 16% quartz sand and 16% silica powder.

[0097] Example 6

[0098] A coating structure for water conservancy projects, arranged on the outer surface of a substrate 1, comprising a bottom bonding layer 2, an elastic transition layer 3, a middle main structure layer 4, a functional decorative layer 5 and a surface protection layer 6 arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside;

[0099] Among them, based on the dry film quality of the coating, the surface protective layer 6 includes the following components: 25% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 61.5% calcined ceramsite, 4% polydimethylsiloxane, 0.5% graphene dispersion, 1% poly N-isopropylacrylamide as the shell material wrapped with benzotriazole, Lubrizol 27000 and Lubrizol Rheology Modifier RM-2020NPR, Lubrizol The combined share of 27000 and Lubrizol Rheology ModifierRM-2020NPR is 8%;

[0100] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer 5 includes the following components: 30% acrylic-silicone composite resin, 63.3% calcined sand, 0.2% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 3.5% PAAS-30, and 3% 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole;

[0101] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the middle main structural layer 4 includes the following components: 37% fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 4% nano silica sol, 54% quartz sand, 1% epoxy resin microcapsule, 0.6% ionic liquid microcapsule, 0.4% three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fiber, 1% octadecane / melamine resin microcapsule, 2% Sika

[0102] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer 3 comprises the following components: 82% epoxy resin, 4% basalt fiber, 0.8% γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 5.5% dibutyl phthalate, 2.5% fumed silica, and 5.2% diethylenetriamine;

[0103] Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer 2 includes the following components: 71% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 14% quartz sand and 15% silica powder.

[0104] During construction, the outer surface of the substrate 1 needs to be pretreated. Specifically, ultra-high pressure water jet etching technology (water pressure of 250 MPa) is used to form an anchor pattern structure with a depth of 0.5 mm on the outer surface of the substrate 1 to enhance the mechanical bite force of the interface.

[0105] Two-component airless spraying equipment was used to achieve precise mixing of materials (error < 0.5%), with a spraying angle of 60° to enhance the directional arrangement of the aggregates.

[0106] The use of microwave-assisted curing equipment can ensure that the cross-linking reaction is completed within 4 hours at 5°C, breaking through seasonal construction restrictions.

[0107] After pre-treating the outer surface of the substrate 1, the bottom bonding layer 2 is sprayed, the elastic transition layer 3 is scraped, the middle main structure layer 4 is sprayed, the functional decorative layer 5 is sprayed, and the surface protection layer 6 is roller-coated.

[0108] It should be noted that a 0.5T gradient magnetic field was applied during spraying, which caused the Fe3O4 nanoparticles (doping amount 2%) in the calcined sand to be oriented and arranged to form a single crystal structure, thereby increasing the hardness by 40%.

[0109] During curing, 2450MHz microwaves are used to excite molecular motion, and 365nm ultraviolet light is used simultaneously to initiate free radical polymerization, thereby shortening the curing time to 15 minutes, which saves more time than the traditional process (the traditional process takes 24 hours to cure).

[0110] The present application has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is intended only to facilitate understanding of the present application and its core concepts. It should be noted that, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and modifications may be made to the present application by a person skilled in the art, and such improvements and modifications shall fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A coating structure for water conservancy projects, characterized in that: It is arranged on the outer surface of the base (1), and comprises a bottom bonding layer (2), an elastic transition layer (3), a middle main structural layer (4), a functional decorative layer (5) and a surface protective layer (6) arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; Wherein, based on the mass of the coating dry film, the surface protective layer (6) includes the following components: 20%-30% of fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 58%-62% of calcined ceramsite, 1%-6% of silicone hydrophobic agent, 0.2%-0.8% of graphene dispersion, 1%-6% of thermosensitive microcapsules, dispersant and thickener, and the sum of the dispersant and thickener accounts for 6%-9%.

2. The coating structure for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the surface protective layer (6) includes the following components: 25% of fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 60% of calcined ceramsite, 4% of silicone hydrophobic agent, 0.5% of graphene dispersion, 3% of thermosensitive microcapsules, dispersant and thickener, and the sum of the dispersant and thickener accounts for 7.5%.

3. The coating structure for water conservancy projects according to claim 2, characterized in that: The organosilicon hydrophobic agent is polydimethylsiloxane; the thermosensitive microcapsule uses poly N-isopropylacrylamide as a shell material to encapsulate a paraffin-based phase change material or poly N-isopropylacrylamide as a shell material to encapsulate a corrosion inhibitor, and the dispersant is a polymer polycarboxylate dispersant; the corrosion inhibitor is benzotriazole; the polymer polycarboxylate dispersant is Lubrizol 27000 or Digao Dispers655; the thickener is a nonionic associative thickener.

4. The coating structure for water conservancy projects according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer (5) comprises the following components: 25%-32% of acrylic acid-organic silicon composite resin, 60%-70% of calcined sand, 0.2%-0.4% of Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 3%-6% of dispersant or leveling agent, and 1%-3% of ultraviolet absorber.

5. The coating structure for water conservancy projects according to claim 4, characterized in that: Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the functional decorative layer (5) comprises the following components: 28% acrylic acid-organic silicon composite resin, 65% calcined sand, 0.3% Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material, 4.7% dispersant or leveling agent, and 2% ultraviolet absorber.

6. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 5, characterized in that: The particle size of the Ag-TiO2 photocatalytic material is 20 nm; the particle size of the calcined sand is 200-400 mesh; the dispersant is an anionic polyacrylate ammonium salt dispersant; the leveling agent is an organosilicon-polyether copolymer leveling agent; the organosilicon-polyether copolymer leveling agent is Flowsuper 2330 or DY-ET333; and the ultraviolet absorber is 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole.

7. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the mass of the coating dry film, the middle main structural layer (4) includes the following components: 30%-40% of fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 2%-5% of nano silica sol, 52%-59% of quartz sand, 0.8%-1.5% of epoxy resin microcapsules, 0.5%-1.2% of ionic liquid microcapsules, 0.3%-0.7% of vascular network material, 0.5%-1.2% of phase change energy storage material, and 1.3%-2.5% of dispersant or defoaming agent.

8. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 7, characterized in that: Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the middle main structural layer (4) includes the following components: 35% of fluorocarbon modified acrylic emulsion, 3.5% of nano silica sol, 56% of quartz sand, 1.2% of epoxy resin microcapsules, 0.8% of ionic liquid microcapsules, 0.5% of vascular network material, 1% of phase change energy storage material, and 2% of dispersant or defoaming agent.

9. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 8, characterized in that: The epoxy resin microcapsules contain a repairing agent, which is an amine curing agent wrapped with bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA); the ionic liquid microcapsules contain a passivating agent, which is sodium molybdate wrapped with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF6); the vascular network material is a polyurethane / carbon nanotube composite fiber with a three-dimensional interpenetrating network structure; the phase change energy storage material is a paraffin-based microcapsule or an octadecane / melamine resin microcapsule; the dispersant is a polycarboxylic acid ether dispersant; and the defoaming agent is a silicone defoaming agent.

10. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the mass of the coating dry film, the elastic transition layer (3) comprises the following components: 80%-89% of epoxy resin, 2%-4% of chopped glass fiber or basalt fiber, 0.8%-1.2% of silane coupling agent, 4%-6% of plasticizer, 1%-3% of thixotropic agent, and 1%-6% of curing agent.

11. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 10, characterized in that: Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the elastic transition layer (3) comprises the following components: 85% epoxy resin, 3% chopped glass fiber or basalt fiber, 1% silane coupling agent, 5% plasticizer, 2% thixotropic agent, and 4% curing agent.

12. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 11, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent is γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane; the plasticizer is a phthalate plasticizer; the thixotropic agent is fumed silica; the curing agent is an amine curing agent; the phthalate plasticizer is di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate or dibutyl phthalate; and the amine curing agent is ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, or triethylenetetramine.

13. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer (2) comprises the following components: 70% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 15% quartz sand and 15% silicon powder.

14. The coating structure for water conservancy engineering according to claim 13, characterized in that: Based on the dry film mass of the coating, the bottom bonding layer (2) comprises the following components: 70% epoxy-silane hybrid emulsion, 15% quartz sand and 15% silicon powder.

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