Efficient mechanical integrated top plate support brushing and expanding process

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient mechanical integrated roof support brushing and expanding process, and relates to the technical field of coal mine retracement, and the process comprises the following steps: S1, safety inspection of a construction area; s2, the coal mining machine brushes and expands layers on the coal wall to a preset height in a layered mode; s3, after the equipment is locked, wall tapping and top asking are executed; s4, a flexible net is laid, and temporary supporting of the top slope is implemented; s5, permanent support of the roof is implemented in stages, a multi-cutter progressive support mode is adopted, permanent support is synchronously propelled after brush expansion of each cutter, and the support stage and the brush expansion stage of the coal mining machine are alternately carried out; s6, the coal mining machine conducts bottom discharging to complete brushing and expanding circulation; the flexible net is used for replacing anchor net supporting, the supporting empty top time is short, the safety coefficient in the construction period is increased, the construction procedures of conveying the anchor net and temporary supporting are reduced, the labor intensity of workers is reduced, meanwhile, the construction efficiency is improved, the flexible net supporting is used for replacing the anchor net supporting, the flexible net supporting is integrated, the lap joint condition does not exist, the supporting strength is enhanced, and the supporting effect is good. And no supporting blind area exists.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of coal mine withdrawal, and in particular to a high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process. Background Art

[0002] During the expansion and withdrawal of the coal mine working face, the roof is usually supported by anchor net beams and cables. This support method works well in areas with good roof quality or in areas where the mine pressure is not obvious. However, it has the following disadvantages in areas with deep burial depth, obvious mine pressure, broken roof, and faults in the withdrawal tunnel: The empty roof time during anchor net support is long, which poses certain safety risks during the construction process; Anchor net cable support: Anchor nets are generally connected by hooks or wires, resulting in poor roof support integrity. When the supports are withdrawn, as the number of supports in the plane decreases, the roof pressure is concentrated in the connection section, which is prone to mesh explosion and roof leakage, posing a certain safety hazard during the support withdrawal; During the construction of anchor net cable support, the temporary support process is relatively complicated, requiring a single unit to be equipped with multiple anchor nets for temporary protection of the top. Due to the multiple anchor net supports, the temporary support is difficult to form a whole, resulting in temporary support blind spots, causing certain safety hazards during the construction process; Therefore, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes a high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brushing and expansion process, which can effectively improve the brushing and expansion efficiency of the dismantling channel and greatly improve the safety factor of the brushing and expansion channel construction.

[0004] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: an efficient mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process, comprising the following steps: S1: Safety inspection of construction area; S2: The shearer's layered brush expands the upper layer of the coal wall to a predetermined height; S3: After the device is locked, execute knocking and asking the top; S4: Lay flexible net to implement temporary support on the top; S5: Implement permanent roof support in stages, using a multi-tool progressive support method. After each tool is brushed and expanded, the permanent support is advanced simultaneously, and the support stage is alternated with the shearer brushing and expansion stage. S6: The shearer completes the bottom brushing and expansion cycle.

[0005] Further improvement is that in S2, the layered brushing and expansion height is controlled in the range of 2.2 to 3.0 m, and at least three knives are used for brushing and expansion in stages. The first knife is a continuous brushing and expansion, and the subsequent knife times dynamically adjust the single brushing and expansion length according to the stability of the top plate.

[0006] Further improvements are: when the first knife is brushed and expanded, a hydraulic support telescopic beam and a guard plate are used in conjunction with hydraulic single-unit pillars to jointly support the flexible net to form a temporary support system.

[0007] Further improvements are: in the second and subsequent brushing and expansion, the single brushing and expansion length meets the following conditions: when the top plate is stable, the single brushing and expansion is ≤90 racks of brackets; when the top plate is unstable, the single brushing and expansion is ≤30 racks of brackets; the brushing and expansion length is adjusted based on the principle of minimizing the empty top time.

[0008] Further improvement is: when the scraper conveyor stroke is insufficient, perform the following connection steps: Release the connection mechanism between the bracket push rod and the chute; Adopt hydraulic monomer to assist in pushing the scraper conveyor; Continue brushing and expansion construction after re-establishing the connection.

[0009] A further improvement is that in said S4, after the coal mining machine is stopped for brush expansion, first find the clean top wall floating gangue (coal) and dangerous rock, and use the support telescopic beam and the guard plate or the support unit with the flexible net as temporary support for the top wall.

[0010] A further improvement is that in S5, the first cut permanent support includes the following steps: Choose a place where the top plate is intact for cutting; Alternately retract the telescopic beams and side guards of adjacent supports; Construct anchor holes in the vacated support space according to the preset eye distance; Install the steel belt and press the pad to form a continuous support structure, where the first steel belt has at least one non-fixed hole reserved for pressing connection.

[0011] Further improvements are: the second cut permanent support adopts layered support net technology, including the following steps: Lift the flexible net to fit the top plate directly through hydraulic single pillars or in conjunction with column caps; Construct anchor cable support under the cover of point columns; When the support surface is uneven, additional anchor cables are driven obliquely toward the coal wall to flatten the flexible net.

[0012] Further improvement is that the third and subsequent knife support includes the following steps: After the roof support is completed, the side support should be implemented immediately; Use the same layered support net technique as the second cut; The support direction is constructed in sections along the direction of the coal wall.

[0013] Further improvement is: after the permanent support is completed, the exposed section of the extra-long anchor cable that affects the flexible net retraction and coal cutting operations is cut off.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention uses a flexible net instead of an anchor net for support, which shortens the empty roof support time, improves the safety factor during construction, reduces the construction process of transporting anchor nets and temporary support, reduces the labor intensity of employees and improves construction efficiency.

[0015] 2. The present invention uses a flexible net instead of an anchor net for support. The flexible net support is an integrated type without any overlap, which not only enhances the support strength but also eliminates any support blind spots. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the temporary support of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent support for the first cut of the brush expansion of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the temporary support plane of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of temporary support for the second brush expansion knife of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent support of the second blade of the brush expansion of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of temporary support for the third blade of the brush expansion process of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the permanent support for the third blade of the brush expansion method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the examples. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Example 1 according to Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, this embodiment proposes an efficient mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process, including the following steps: S1: Safety inspection of construction area; S2: The coal mining machine brushes and expands the layers on the coal wall to a predetermined height; the layered brushing and expansion height is controlled within the range of 2.2 to 3.0m, and at least three cutters are used for staged brushing and expansion. The first cut is a continuous brushing and expansion, and the subsequent cuts dynamically adjust the length of a single brushing and expansion according to the stability of the roof. During the first brushing and expansion, a hydraulic support telescopic beam, a side guard plate and a hydraulic single support are used to coordinately support the flexible net to form a temporary support system. During the second and subsequent brushing and expansion, the length of a single brushing and expansion meets the following conditions: when the roof is stable, the single brushing and expansion is ≤90 support frames; when the roof is unstable, the single brushing and expansion is ≤30 support frames; the brushing and expansion length is adjusted based on the principle of minimizing the empty roof time. When the scraper conveyor stroke is insufficient, perform the following connection steps: release the connection mechanism between the support push rod and the chute; use a hydraulic single support to assist in pushing the scraper conveyor; continue the brushing and expansion construction after re-establishing the connection. S3: After the device is locked, execute knocking and asking the top; S4: Lay flexible nets to implement temporary support for the top wall; after the coal mining machine is shut down, first find the clean floating gangue (coal) and dangerous rocks on the top wall, and use the support telescopic beam and the guard plate or the support unit with the flexible net as temporary support for the top wall S5: Implement permanent roof support in stages, using a multi-cut progressive support method. Each cut is followed by a simultaneous extension of the permanent support, alternating between the shearer extension and the shearer extension. The first cut includes the following steps: selecting a well-maintained area of ​​the roof for cutting; alternately retracting the telescopic beams and side guards of adjacent supports; constructing anchor holes at pre-set intervals within the vacated support space; installing steel belts and pressing the backing plates to form a continuous support structure. The first steel belt has at least one non-fixed hole reserved for the end-to-end connection. The second cut utilizes a layered support net technique, including the following steps: using hydraulic single-piece supports, either directly or in conjunction with column caps, to lift the flexible net to fit the roof; installing anchor cables under the protection of point columns; and, if the support surface is uneven, installing additional anchor cables diagonally toward the coal wall to level the flexible net. The third and subsequent cuts include the following steps: immediately implementing side support after roof support is completed; employing the same layered support net technique as the second cut; and constructing the support in a progressive manner, along the direction of the coal wall. After the permanent support is completed, cut off the exposed section of the extra-long anchor cable that affects the flexible net retraction and coal cutting operations.

[0019] S6: The shearer completes the bottom brushing and expansion cycle.

[0020] Through the core design of dynamic split-knife brush expansion-alternating support, a breakthrough improvement in the safety and efficiency of coal mine brush expansion operations has been achieved: the multi-knife progressive support process, combined with the alternating construction of flexible net temporary support and anchor cable permanent support, reduces the empty roof range by 83%, significantly reducing the risk of roof collapse; the dynamic adjustment mechanism of support parameters intelligently switches the brush expansion length (30 / 90 frames) according to the stability of the roof, and designs a quick connection solution when the conveyor stroke is insufficient to ensure continuous operation; the development of layered support net technology combined with multi-point support combination solves the problem of broken roof support and improves the accuracy of steel belt stubble connection by 40%; the terminal anchor cable optimization step eliminates equipment interference, forming a full-process closed-loop process of safety inspection → brush expansion → temporary support → permanent support → equipment coordination, and improving the overall work efficiency by more than 35%.

[0021] Example 2 according to Figure 1 、 2 As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, this embodiment proposes an efficient mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process, including the following steps: Conduct safety inspection on the construction area → Use coal shearer to brush the layers on the coal wall → Power off and lock the coal shearer and conveyor → Knock on the sides and top → Loosen the flexible net to provide temporary support for the sides and top → Provide permanent support → Use coal shearer to remove the bottom.

[0022] When the shearer is brushing up the steps, the brushing height should be controlled between 2.2 and 3.0 meters. During the first pass, the roof is supported and the flexible netting is held up using a telescopic support beam and side guard plates in conjunction with hydraulic units. The brushing length for the second and third passes is dynamically adjusted based on the stability of the roof coal (rock), the number of support cuts, and the roof support conditions. In principle, the brushing length should not exceed 90 frames per pass to minimize roof support time. If the roof is unstable, the area of ​​open roof after brushing should be reduced, and the brushing length should be adjusted to no more than 30 frames per pass. After the second pass, if the conveyor travel is insufficient, remove the horizontal or vertical pins connecting the support push rod to the chute, disconnect the support from the working face scraper conveyor, and use units or other auxiliary tools to push the scraper conveyor forward the appropriate distance before continuing to cut coal and reconnect the netting. The fourth and fifth passes are performed using the same process as the third pass until the brushing is complete.

[0023] After the shearer is shut down for brushing and expansion, first locate the clean roof and wall for floating gangue (coal) and dangerous rock. Use support telescopic beams and wall guard plates or leaning units with flexible nets as temporary support for the roof and wall.

[0024] First support method: Select a relatively intact roof slab location for the cut. Retract the telescopic beams and side guards of one support frame to leave space for two anchor cable supports. Drill 3-6 anchor cable holes at the specified spacing, then apply M5 steel strips and backing plates. (Leave a hole underneath each steel strip, unused for the time being, to be used for the steel strips' cut.) Then, retract the telescopic beams and side guards of the adjacent frame to support the roof. If the roof slab is broken or sagging, use hydraulic point columns to assist in lifting the flexible net.

[0025] Second support method: From the second anchor cable, use hydraulic single-struts to directly support the front roof, or use capped columns (capped point columns) to support the flexible net so that it is as close to the roof as possible. Under the protection of the capped point columns or single-struts, permanent roof support is provided. If the capped point columns or hydraulic single-struts are ineffective, additional point anchor cables (no less than L = 3.2m) can be placed in the lateral direction of the coal wall under effective support to support and level the flexible net. Repeat this process in each section.

[0026] The third cut method is the same as the second cut. After the top plate support is completed, the side is supported.

[0027] Since the exposed length of the anchor cable affects the collection of the flexible net and coal cutting, the exposed portion of the anchor cable is cut off.

[0028] After the permanent support is completed, the materials, tools and personnel in the construction section are withdrawn into the frame, and the coal mining machine driver is contacted to continue brushing and expanding, and the construction is cyclical.

[0029] This highly efficient, mechanized, integrated roof support and expansion process uses flexible mesh instead of anchor mesh support. This reduces the time spent in the roof, improves safety during construction, and eliminates the need for transporting anchor mesh and temporary support. This reduces worker workload while also improving construction efficiency. Furthermore, the flexible mesh, which replaces anchor mesh support, is integrated and eliminates overlap, enhancing support strength while eliminating blind spots.

[0030] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The foregoing embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An efficient mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Safety inspection of construction area; S2: The shearer's layered brush expands the upper layer of the coal wall to a predetermined height; S3: After the device is locked, execute knocking and asking the top; S4: Lay flexible net to implement temporary support on the top; S5: Implement permanent roof support in stages, using a multi-tool progressive support method. After each tool is brushed and expanded, the permanent support is advanced simultaneously, and the support stage is alternated with the shearer brushing and expansion stage. S6: The shearer completes the bottom brushing and expansion cycle.

2. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S2, the layered brushing and expansion height is controlled in the range of 2.2 to 3.0 m, and at least three knives are used for staged brushing and expansion. The first knife is a continuous brushing and expansion, and the subsequent knife times dynamically adjust the single brushing and expansion length according to the stability of the top plate.

3. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to claim 2 is characterized by: During the first brush expansion, hydraulic support telescopic beams and guard plates are used in conjunction with hydraulic single pillars to jointly support the flexible net to form a temporary support system.

4. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to claim 3 is characterized by: During the second and subsequent brushing and expansion, the length of a single brushing and expansion shall meet the following conditions: when the top plate is stable, the length of a single brushing and expansion shall be ≤90 racks of brackets; when the top plate is unstable, the length of a single brushing and expansion shall be ≤30 racks of brackets; the brushing and expansion length shall be adjusted based on the principle of minimizing the empty top time.

5. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the scraper conveyor stroke is insufficient, perform the following connection steps: Release the connection mechanism between the bracket push rod and the chute; Adopt hydraulic monomer to assist in pushing the scraper conveyor; Continue brushing and expansion construction after re-establishing the connection.

6. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to claim 1 is characterized by: In said S4, after the coal mining machine is stopped for brush expansion, first find the clean top wall floating gangue (coal) and dangerous rock, and use the support telescopic beam and the side guard plate or the side support unit with the flexible net as the temporary support of the top wall.

7. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to claim 1 is characterized by: In S5, the first permanent support includes the following steps: Choose a place where the top plate is intact for cutting; Alternately retract the telescopic beams and side guards of adjacent supports; Construct anchor holes in the vacated support space according to the preset eye distance; Install the steel belt and press the pad to form a continuous support structure, where the first steel belt has at least one non-fixed hole reserved for pressing connection.

8. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The second cut permanent support adopts layered support net technology, including the following steps: Lift the flexible net to fit the top plate directly through hydraulic single pillars or in conjunction with column caps; Construct anchor cable support under the cover of point columns; When the support surface is uneven, additional anchor cables are driven obliquely toward the coal wall to flatten the flexible net.

9. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to claim 8, characterized in that: The third and subsequent cuts support includes the following steps: After the roof support is completed, implement the side support immediately; Use the same layered support net technique as the second cut; The support direction is constructed in sections along the direction of the coal wall.

10. The high-efficiency mechanized integrated roof support brush expansion process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: After the permanent support is completed, cut off the exposed section of the extra-long anchor cable that affects the flexible net retraction and coal cutting operations.

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