Drying pyrolysis incinerator and pyrolysis incineration method

Abstract

The invention discloses a drying pyrolysis incinerator and a pyrolysis incineration method, and the drying pyrolysis incinerator comprises a drying chamber provided with a first conveying device; the pyrolysis chamber is communicated with the drying discharge port, and a second conveying device is arranged in the pyrolysis chamber; the combustion chamber is communicated with the output end of the pyrolysis chamber; the air distribution mechanism communicates with the combustion chamber and is used for conveying the combustion-supporting gas into the combustion chamber; and the multi-stage heat exchange structure comprises a first-stage heat exchange flue and a second-stage heat exchange flue, the first-stage heat exchange flue is installed in the pyrolysis chamber and communicates with the top of the combustion chamber, and the second-stage heat exchange flue is installed in the drying chamber and communicates with the first-stage heat exchange flue. The multi-stage utilization of the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas is realized, and the pyrolysis efficiency is improved and the quality of the pyrolysis product is improved by drying and then pyrolyzing, so that the pyrolysis product is combusted more sufficiently in the combustion chamber, residues are less, the requirement for subsequent treatment of the residues is reduced, the emission of harmful gas is also reduced, and the device is more environment-friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of combustion equipment, and in particular to a dry pyrolysis incinerator and a pyrolysis incineration method. Background Art

[0002] Carbon dioxide produced by fossil energy consumption is a major contributor to global warming and other climate-related issues. The use of renewable energy can effectively reduce humanity's use of fossil energy. Biomass, such as wood, grass, and agricultural waste (straw), is a key component of renewable energy. The efficient development and utilization of biomass energy will play a significant role in resolving energy and ecological challenges.

[0003] In the existing technology, pyrolysis is an effective way to utilize biomass. It is a thermochemical conversion technology method that decomposes biomass macromolecules into smaller molecular products. The products produced by pyrolysis include biochar, biodiesel, and biogas, etc. These products are widely used in energy, chemical industry, agriculture and other fields. In addition, the conversion rate of biomass pyrolysis is high, which can maximize the conversion of biomass energy into high-value-added energy products.

[0004] Currently, fixed-bed furnaces are the primary method used in the industry to pyrolyze biomass. While simple and easy to operate, fixed-bed furnaces generally consume a lot of energy, have low pyrolysis efficiency, and produce products of poor quality and stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dry pyrolysis incinerator and a pyrolysis incineration method to solve the technical problems of high energy consumption and low pyrolysis efficiency of the current fixed-bed pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing biomass.

[0006] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a drying pyrolysis incinerator, comprising: a drying chamber, an input end of which is provided with a drying feed port, an output end of the drying chamber is provided with a drying discharge port, a first conveying device is provided in the drying chamber, the input end of the first conveying device is located below the drying feed port, and the output end of the first conveying device extends to the output end of the drying chamber; a pyrolysis chamber, an input end of which is provided with a pyrolysis feed port, the pyrolysis feed port is communicated with the drying discharge port, a second conveying device is provided in the pyrolysis chamber, the input end of the second conveying device is located below the pyrolysis feed port, and the output end of the second conveying device extends to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber; a combustion chamber, which is communicated with the output end of the pyrolysis chamber; an air distribution mechanism, which is communicated with the combustion chamber, and the air distribution mechanism is used to transport combustion-supporting gas into the combustion chamber; a multi-stage heat exchange structure, comprising a primary heat exchange flue and a secondary heat exchange flue, the primary heat exchange flue is installed in the pyrolysis chamber and communicated with the top of the combustion chamber, and the secondary heat exchange flue is installed in the drying chamber and communicated with the primary heat exchange flue.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the secondary heat exchange flue extends from the output end of the drying chamber and is connected to the flue gas collecting device through the induced draft device.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present invention, a combustion chamber partition is provided in the combustion chamber, the top end of the combustion chamber partition is connected to the inner top surface of the combustion chamber, and there is a spacing space between the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition and the inner bottom surface of the combustion chamber, and a flue gas outlet is provided on the combustion chamber partition, and the flue gas outlet is arranged close to the inner top surface of the combustion chamber and is connected to the first-level heat exchange pipe.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the combustion chamber is divided into a falling combustion chamber, a moving combustion chamber and a gas combustion chamber by the combustion chamber partition. The top of the falling combustion chamber is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber, and the bottom of the falling combustion chamber is connected to the gas combustion chamber through the moving combustion chamber. A slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the moving combustion chamber, and a combustion slope is provided in the moving combustion chamber. The top of the combustion slope is located below the falling combustion chamber, and the bottom end of the combustion slope is inclined downward and extends to the slag discharge port.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution mechanism is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism, which includes a first-stage air distribution structure and a second-stage air distribution structure. The first-stage air distribution structure is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber, and the second-stage air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust port is provided on the top of the drying chamber, and the exhaust port is connected to the combustion chamber through an odor recovery pipe. A condensation structure is provided on the odor recovery pipe, and the condensation structure is used to condense and collect water vapor in the gas discharged from the drying chamber.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present invention, at least a portion of the wall of the drying chamber is a light-transmitting structure for transmitting sunlight, and the light-transmitting structure is located above the first conveying device.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first conveying device is a conveyor belt conveying device, the conveyor belt of the first conveying device is provided with sieve holes, and the bottom of the drying chamber is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is used to discharge the undersize material and leachate sieved by the sieve holes.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present invention, a guide slope is provided in the drying chamber, the guide slope is located below the first conveying device, the top of the guide slope is connected to the drying discharge port, and the bottom of the guide slope extends downward to the discharge port.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first conveying device includes a front conveying structure and a rear conveying structure, the input end of the front conveying structure is located below the drying feed port, the output end of the front conveying structure is connected to the input end of the rear conveying structure, and the output end of the rear conveying structure extends to the output end of the drying chamber; wherein, the conveying length of the front conveying structure is smaller than the conveying length of the rear conveying structure, and the conveying speed of the front conveying structure is greater than the conveying speed of the rear conveying structure.

[0017] The present invention also provides a pyrolysis incineration method, which adopts the above-mentioned drying pyrolysis incinerator, and the pyrolysis incineration method includes the following steps: drying: feeding the biomass raw material into the input end of the first conveyor in the drying chamber from the drying feed port, controlling the speed of the first conveyor so that the biomass raw material is dried during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the first conveyor; pyrolysis: feeding the dried biomass raw material into the input end of the second conveyor in the pyrolysis chamber from the pyrolysis feed port, controlling the speed of the second conveyor so that the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed into solid fuel particles in the pyrolysis chamber during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the second conveyor; combustion: the solid fuel particles are fed into the combustion chamber at the output end of the second conveyor, and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas transported by the air distribution mechanism is controlled so that the solid fuel particles are burned and generate flue gas; flue gas heat exchange: the flue gas is first transported to the first heat exchange flue for the first heat exchange with the biomass raw material on the second conveyor, and then transported to the second heat exchange flue for the second heat exchange with the biomass raw material on the first conveyor.

[0018] The characteristics and advantages of the present invention are:

[0019] The drying pyrolysis incinerator and pyrolysis incineration method of the present invention are characterized by providing a drying chamber connected to a pyrolysis feed port of the pyrolysis chamber, and providing a multi-stage heat exchange structure to sequentially transport the flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber to a primary heat exchange flue in the pyrolysis chamber and a secondary heat exchange flue in the drying chamber. In this way, the biomass raw material can be dried first by using the flue gas with a relatively low temperature in the secondary heat exchange flue during the process of the first conveying device in the drying chamber conveying the biomass raw material to the pyrolysis feed port. Then, when the dried biomass raw material falls onto the second conveying device in the pyrolysis chamber and is conveyed to the combustion chamber, the heat provided by the flue gas with a relatively high temperature in the primary heat exchange flue can be used to pyrolyze the biomass raw material. Therefore, the present invention not only realizes the multi-stage utilization of the waste heat of high-temperature flue gas, but also improves the efficiency of pyrolysis and the quality of pyrolysis products by drying first and then pyrolyzing, thereby making the pyrolysis products burn more fully in the combustion chamber and leaving less residue, reducing the need for subsequent treatment of the residue, and also reducing the emission of harmful gases, which is more environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a drying pyrolysis incinerator in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a drying pyrolysis incinerator in another embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the combustion chamber in the present invention.

[0024] In the picture:

[0025] 1. Drying chamber; 11. Drying feed port; 111. Opening and closing plate; 12. Drying discharge port; 13. Discharge port; 14. First conveyor; 141. Front conveying structure; 142. Rear conveying structure; 143. First connecting structure; 15. Light-transmitting structure; 16. Guide slope;

[0026] 2. Pyrolysis chamber; 21. Pyrolysis feed port; 22. Second conveying device; 23. Second connecting structure;

[0027] 3. Combustion chamber; 31. Combustion chamber partition; 32. Falling combustion chamber; 33. Moving combustion chamber; 331. Combustion slope; 34. Gas combustion chamber; 35. Slag discharge port;

[0028] 4. Multi-stage heat exchange structure; 41. Primary heat exchange flue; 42. Secondary heat exchange flue; 43. Flue gas collection device; 44. Induced draft device;

[0029] 5. Odor recovery pipe; 51. Condensation structure; 52. Air extraction device;

[0030] 6. Air distribution mechanism; 61. First-level air distribution structure; 62. Second-level air distribution structure; 63. Third-level air distribution structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Implementation Method 1

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a drying pyrolysis incinerator, comprising: a drying chamber 1, an input end of which is provided with a drying feed port 11, an output end of the drying chamber 1 is provided with a drying discharge port 12, a first conveying device 14 is provided in the drying chamber 1, the input end of the first conveying device 14 is located below the drying feed port 11, and the output end of the first conveying device 14 extends to the output end of the drying chamber 1; a pyrolysis chamber 2, an input end of which is provided with a pyrolysis feed port 21, the pyrolysis feed port 21 is connected to the drying discharge port 12, a second conveying device 22 is provided in the pyrolysis chamber 2, and the second conveying device The input end of 22 is located below the pyrolysis feed port 21, and the output end of the second conveying device 22 extends to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 2; the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 2; the air distribution mechanism 6 is connected to the combustion chamber 3, and the air distribution mechanism 6 is used to transport the combustion-supporting gas into the combustion chamber 3; the multi-stage heat exchange structure 4 includes a first-level heat exchange flue 41 and a second-level heat exchange flue 42, the first-level heat exchange flue 41 is installed in the pyrolysis chamber 2 and is connected to the top of the combustion chamber 3, and the second-level heat exchange flue 42 is installed in the drying chamber 1 and is connected to the first-level heat exchange flue 41.

[0034] The drying pyrolysis incinerator of the present invention is provided with a drying chamber 1 connected to the pyrolysis feed port 21 of the pyrolysis chamber 2, and a multi-stage heat exchange structure 4 is provided to sequentially transport the flue gas generated by combustion in the combustion chamber 3 to the first heat exchange flue 41 in the pyrolysis chamber 2 and the second heat exchange flue 42 in the drying chamber 1, so that the biomass raw material can be dried first by using the flue gas with a relatively low temperature in the second heat exchange flue 42 during the process of the first conveying device 14 in the drying chamber 1 conveying the biomass raw material to the pyrolysis feed port 21, and then when the dried biomass raw material falls into the heat exchange flue 41, the flue gas with a relatively low temperature in the second heat exchange flue 42 is dried first. In the process of being transported to the combustion chamber 3 by the second conveying device 22 in the decomposition chamber 2, the relatively high temperature flue gas in the first-level heat exchange flue 41 can be used to provide heat for pyrolysis of the biomass raw materials. Therefore, the present invention not only realizes the multi-stage utilization of the waste heat of the high-temperature flue gas, but also improves the efficiency of pyrolysis and the quality of the pyrolysis products by drying first and then pyrolyzing, thereby making the pyrolysis products burn more fully in the combustion chamber 3 and leaving less residue, reducing the need for subsequent treatment of the residue, and also reducing the emission of harmful gases, which is more environmentally friendly.

[0035] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the primary heat exchange flue 41 is mounted above the second conveyor 22, and the secondary heat exchange flue 42 is mounted above the first conveyor 14. Both the first conveyor 14 and the second conveyor 22 are tilted downward at a certain angle relative to the horizontal direction along their conveying direction, preferably at an angle of 10 to 25 degrees, to ensure that the materials conveyed above are heated more evenly and move more smoothly. Accordingly, both the primary heat exchange flue 41 and the secondary heat exchange flue 42 are tilted upward at a certain angle relative to the horizontal direction along their conveying direction, preferably at an angle of 10 to 25 degrees.

[0036] In addition, combined Figure 1 As shown, there may be a certain spacing between the secondary heat exchange flue 42 and the first conveying device 14 to accommodate the material conveyed on the first conveying device 14; or multiple secondary heat exchange flues 42 are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the conveying direction thereof, and multiple drying feed ports 11 are arranged at intervals in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the secondary heat exchange flue 42 and are located between the multiple secondary heat exchange flues 42, so that the horizontal spacing between the multiple secondary heat exchange flues 42 can accommodate the material conveyed on the first conveying device 14; similarly, the first There is a certain spacing space between the heat exchange flue 41 and the second conveying device 22 to accommodate the materials conveyed on the second conveying device 22; or multiple first-level heat exchange flues 41 are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction perpendicular to their conveying direction, and multiple drying discharge ports 12 and multiple pyrolysis feed ports 21 are correspondingly arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction perpendicular to the conveying direction of the first-level heat exchange flue 41 and are located between the multiple first-level heat exchange flues 41, so that the spacing space between the multiple first-level heat exchange flues 41 can accommodate the materials conveyed on the second conveying device 22.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the output end of the secondary heat exchange flue 42 extends from the output end of the drying chamber 1 and is connected to a flue gas collection device 43 via an induced draft device 44. The provision of the flue gas collection device 43 prevents the flue gas after heat exchange from being discharged to the outside and polluting the environment. The provision of the induced draft device 44 controls the output velocity of the flue gas in the multi-stage heat exchange structure 4, thereby coordinating the flue gas output velocity, the biomass feed velocity, the conveying velocity of the first conveyor 14, and the conveying velocity of the second conveyor 22. This ensures that the drying pyrolysis incinerator simultaneously achieves high continuous processing efficiency and flue gas heat exchange efficiency.

[0038] Specifically, the conveying speed of the second conveying device 22 is about twice the speed of the rear conveying structure 142 of the first conveying device 14 connected thereto, so that the biomass at the pyrolysis feed port 21 can be quickly conveyed to the high-temperature zone of the first heat exchange flue 41 for deep pyrolysis, thereby avoiding the accumulation of biomass raw materials in the pyrolysis feed port 21 and the front section of the second conveying device 22, which leads to insufficient pyrolysis; a real-time monitoring system for real-time monitoring of the thickness of the biomass raw material bed on the second conveying device 22 is established. When the bed thickness exceeds a threshold value, the feeding speed of the biomass raw material at the drying feed port 11 is reduced, and the second conveying device is reduced. The conveying speed of 22 makes the biomass raw materials stay in the pyrolysis chamber 2 for a longer time, ensuring sufficient pyrolysis. At the same time, the power of the induced draft device 44 is increased to increase the output speed of the flue gas in the multi-stage heat exchange structure 4, thereby enhancing the heat exchange efficiency of the flue gas, which is beneficial to enhancing the pyrolysis of the biomass raw materials and ensuring that the biomass raw materials are completely pyrolyzed into solid combustion particles in the pyrolysis chamber 2 before entering the combustion chamber 3 until the thickness of the biomass bed is less than the threshold. At this time, the wind speed of the induced draft device 44, the feed speed at the drying feed port 11 and the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism are slowly adjusted back to the standard value. The entire control process can be implemented using a feedback control system.

[0039] Among them, the power change of the induced draft device 44, the feed speed at the drying feed port 11, the conveying speed of the second conveying device 22 and the thickness of the biomass raw material bed are adjusted by a feedback control system until the thickness of the biomass raw material bed of the second conveying device 22 returns to normal; or a real-time monitoring system for real-time monitoring of the amount of unburned residue at the slag discharge port 35 of the combustion chamber 3 can be established to maintain various indicators in the combustion chamber 3 at specified values ​​(that is, to keep the controllable parameters of the combustion chamber 3 (such as the air flow rate) fixed). Therefore, when the amount of unburned residue at the slag discharge port 35 increases to a threshold value, When the value is reached, it is judged that the biomass raw material is not fully pyrolyzed into solid combustion particles in the pyrolysis chamber 2 or the thickness of the biomass raw material bed of the second conveying device 22 is too large. That is, when the operating conditions of the combustion chamber 3 remain unchanged, the increase in the amount of unburned residue indicates that the operating parameters of the upstream drying chamber 1 and the pyrolysis chamber 2 need to be adjusted. At this time, the feedback control system is used to adjust the power of the induced draft device 44, the biomass feed speed at the drying feed port 11, and the conveying speed of the second conveying device 22. The adjustment criteria are the same as the above-mentioned adjustment method based on the thickness of the biomass raw material bed, which will not be repeated here.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, an exhaust port is provided at the top of the drying chamber 1, and the exhaust port is connected to the combustion chamber 3 through an odor recovery pipe 5. A condensation structure 51 is provided on the odor recovery pipe 5. The condensation structure 51 is used to condense and collect water vapor in the gas discharged from the drying chamber 1. The gas in the drying chamber 1 includes odors (including ammonia, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) generated by the volatilization of biomass raw materials by heat and water vapor generated by drying. After the gas in the drying chamber 1 is discharged into the odor recovery pipe 5, the water vapor is condensed into water by the condensation structure 51 and stored in the condensation structure 51, so that the odor can enter the combustion chamber 3 through the odor recovery pipe 5 and be burned as combustion gas. This not only prevents the odor from being discharged to the outside and causing pollution, but also realizes the utilization of the odor. Moreover, the odor and the pyrolysis products are used to burn in the combustion chamber 3 in a coordinated manner, which can make the pyrolysis products burn more fully. Specifically, the odor recovery pipe 5 is further provided with an exhaust device 52, which extracts the gas in the drying chamber 1 so that the drying chamber 1 operates under negative pressure. The pressure of the drying chamber 1 is preferably 0.01 MPa to 0.09 MPa.

[0041] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, at least a portion of the wall of the drying chamber 1 is a light-transmitting structure 15 for transmitting sunlight, and the light-transmitting structure 15 is located above the first conveyor 14. By providing the light-transmitting structure 15 above the first conveyor 14, the biomass feedstock on the first conveyor 14 can be dried by combining light heat with the waste heat of the flue gas in the secondary heat exchange flue 42, ensuring uniform heating and drying of the biomass feedstock, increasing the calorific value of the biomass feedstock, and thereby improving the efficiency of subsequent pyrolysis and the quality of the pyrolysis products.

[0042] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first conveyor 14 includes a front conveyor structure 141 and a rear conveyor structure 142. The input end of the front conveyor structure 141 is located below the drying feed inlet 11, and the output end of the front conveyor structure 141 connects to the input end of the rear conveyor structure 142. The output end of the rear conveyor structure 142 extends to the output end of the drying chamber 1. The conveying length of the front conveyor structure 141 is shorter than that of the rear conveyor structure 142, and the conveying speed of the front conveyor structure 141 is greater than that of the rear conveyor structure 142. After entering the drying feed inlet 11, the biomass feedstock is first conveyed relatively quickly by the front conveyor structure 141, thereby achieving initial drying of the biomass feedstock and preventing accumulation of the biomass feedstock at the drying feed inlet 11. It is then conveyed more slowly by the rear conveyor structure 142, achieving deep drying of the biomass feedstock and rapidly releasing the mixture of water vapor and odor. An opening and closing plate 111 is provided at the drying feed inlet 11, and is designed to be flippable. The output end of the front conveyor structure 141 is located above the input end of the rear conveyor structure 142. An inclined first connecting structure 143 is provided between the output end of the front conveyor structure 141 and the input end of the rear conveyor structure 142. The first connecting structure 143 can be a conveyor belt or a connecting plate. A second connecting structure 23 is provided between the output end of the rear conveyor structure 142 and the input end of the second conveyor device 22. The second connecting structure 23 can be a conveyor belt or a connecting plate. In this embodiment, the conveying speed of the front conveyor structure 141 is 0.5 m / s to 1 m / s, which is approximately twice the conveying speed of the rear conveyor structure 142.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in order to improve the efficiency of drying, in an embodiment of the present invention, the first conveying device 14 is a conveyor belt transport device, and the conveyor belt of the first conveying device 14 is provided with sieve holes, and the bottom of the drying chamber 1 is provided with a discharge port 13, and the discharge port 13 is used to discharge the undersize material and leachate screened out by the sieve holes. The sand and liquid in the biomass raw material are directly screened out through the sieve holes, thereby improving the drying efficiency. Specifically, a guide slope 16 is provided in the drying chamber 1, and the guide slope 16 is located below the first conveying device 14. The top of the guide slope 16 is connected to the drying discharge port 12, and the bottom end of the guide slope 16 extends downwardly to the discharge port 13. The discharge port 13 is generally located directly below the drying feed port 11. The aperture of the sieve hole is 5mm to 20mm.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, a combustion chamber baffle 31 is provided in the combustion chamber 3. The top end of the combustion chamber baffle 31 is connected to the inner top surface of the combustion chamber 3, and a space is provided between the bottom end of the combustion chamber baffle 31 and the inner bottom surface of the combustion chamber 3. A flue gas outlet is provided on the combustion chamber baffle 31, which is arranged near the inner top surface of the combustion chamber 3 and is connected to the primary heat exchange flue 41. By providing the combustion chamber baffle 31, the pyrolysis products are first burned on one side of the combustion chamber baffle 31 and below the combustion chamber baffle 31, and the gases generated by the combustion enter the other side of the combustion chamber baffle 31. The flue gas generated by the combustion is then discharged from the flue gas outlet into the primary heat exchange flue 41. The structure is simple and the arrangement of the primary heat exchange flue 41 is convenient.

[0045] Specifically, the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 3 is divided into a falling combustion chamber 32, a moving combustion chamber 33 and a gas combustion chamber 34 by a combustion chamber partition 31. The top of the falling combustion chamber 32 is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 2, and the bottom of the falling combustion chamber 32 is connected to the gas combustion chamber 34 through the moving combustion chamber 33. A slag discharge port 35 is provided at the bottom of the moving combustion chamber 33, and a combustion slope 331 is provided in the moving combustion chamber 33. The top of the combustion slope 331 is located below the falling combustion chamber 32, and the bottom end of the combustion slope 331 is tilted downward and extends to the slag discharge port 35.

[0046] By dividing the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 3 into a sequentially connected falling combustion chamber 32, a moving combustion chamber 33, and a gas combustion chamber 34, a multi-stage combustion chamber is formed. The top of the falling combustion chamber 32 is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 2. By extending the output end of the conveying device in the pyrolysis chamber 2 to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 2, the solid fuel particles pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis chamber 2 can fall from the output end of the conveying device into the falling combustion chamber 32, and then fall and burn into the moving combustion chamber 33 to form a falling bed and generate a gas-solid mixture. The combustible gas (such as carbon monoxide (CO) and other gases) in the gas-solid mixture can directly enter the gas combustion chamber 34 for combustion treatment, while the unburned solids in the gas-solid mixture can move and burn along the combustion slope 331 in the moving combustion chamber 33 to form a moving bed. Similarly, the combustible gas generated by combustion can enter the gas combustion chamber 34 for combustion treatment, and the waste residue is directly discharged from the slag discharge port 35. Therefore, by setting a multi-stage combustion chamber in the present invention, the products after pyrolysis can be burned more fully, less residue is generated, the need for subsequent treatment of the residue is reduced, and the generation of harmful gases can be reduced, which is more environmentally friendly. Moreover, the pyrolysis chamber 2 and the combustion chamber 3 are integrated in the present invention, which can effectively improve the treatment efficiency of garbage, and has a compact structure and simple operation.

[0047] Specifically, the pyrolysis chamber 2 is generally a horizontally arranged rectangular furnace body structure. The two ends of the pyrolysis chamber 2 opposite to each other in the horizontal direction are its input end and output end. The pyrolysis feed port 21 is located at the top of the pyrolysis chamber 2 and is arranged near the end face of the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 2. The output end of the pyrolysis chamber 2 is connected to the combustion chamber 3. The second conveying device 22 is also generally horizontally arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 2. The second conveying device 22 can be a conveyor belt device or a screw conveyor device. The length of the second conveying device 22 is equal to or slightly less than the length of the pyrolysis chamber 2. The speed v1 of the second conveying device 22 and the length s1 of the second conveying device 22 preferably satisfy the relationship: 3 < s1 / v1 < 6. The combustion chamber 3 is generally a vertically arranged rectangular furnace body structure. The combustion chamber 3 has a left side wall and a right side wall opposite to each other in the horizontal direction. The upper part of the left side wall is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber 2. The combustion-supporting gas is air or oxygen-rich gas.

[0048] Such as Figure 1 And Figure 2As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 3 is generally in a U-shaped chamber structure, that is, the falling combustion chamber 32, the mobile combustion chamber 33 and the gas combustion chamber 34 are generally arranged in a U shape, and the combustible gas generated during the falling combustion process and the combustible gas generated during the mobile combustion process can enter the gas combustion chamber 34 more quickly for combustion treatment, which is more efficient and has a compact structure, which is conducive to the circulation of the combustion-supporting gas in the combustion chamber 3, ensuring that the substances in the falling combustion chamber 32, the mobile combustion chamber 33 and the gas combustion chamber 34 can all be more fully in contact with the combustion-supporting gas to burn more fully.

[0049] Specifically, the combustion chamber partition 31 is generally a vertically arranged plate structure. There is a gap space between the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition 31 and the inner bottom surface of the combustion chamber 3 in the vertical direction. The top end of the combustion slope 331 is arranged close to the falling combustion chamber 32, and the bottom end of the combustion slope 331 is arranged close to the gas combustion chamber 34, so that when the incomplete combustion moves along the combustion slope 331, the combustible gas produced by the combustion can flow directly upward into the gas combustion chamber 34. The entire inner bottom surface of the combustion chamber 3 forms the combustion slope 331, that is, the top end of the combustion slope 331 is connected to the bottom end of the left side wall, and the horizontal gap space between the bottom end of the combustion slope 331 and the bottom end of the right side wall constitutes the slag discharge port 35. In one embodiment of the present invention, the width of the slag discharge port 35 is 0.2m.

[0050] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the combustion slope 331 is tilted downward at an angle of 15 to 25 degrees relative to the horizontal plane. If the tilt angle of the combustion slope 331 is too large, the moving speed will be too fast and the moving combustion will be insufficient. If the tilt angle of the combustion slope 331 is too small, the moving speed will be too slow, and solid products will accumulate on the combustion slope 331, resulting in insufficient contact with the combustion-supporting gas, resulting in insufficient moving combustion, and also causing the height of the falling combustion to decrease, resulting in insufficient falling combustion.

[0051] Combine Figure 3As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, an adjustment baffle is provided at the bottom end of the combustion chamber baffle 31. The adjustment baffle can be moved up and down to adjust the spacing l, thereby adjusting the spacing l according to the combustion feed rate (i.e., the speed at which the conveyor transports the solid fuel particles generated by pyrolysis to the falling combustion chamber 32) and the combustion conditions. Specifically, the adjustment baffle can be slidably disposed on a side surface of the combustion chamber baffle 31 in a vertical direction via a telescopic drive member. When the combustion feed rate is faster, the adjustment baffle is moved upward accordingly, and the spacing l increases. This allows the combustible gas generated in the falling combustion chamber 32 to have more space to flow into the gas combustion chamber 34 after entering the moving combustion chamber 33. Furthermore, the solids generated in the falling combustion chamber 32 can move more quickly after falling into the moving combustion chamber 33 without accumulating too high. Conversely, when the combustion feed rate is slower, the adjustment baffle is moved downward, and the spacing l decreases, preventing the solids generated in the falling combustion chamber 32 from moving too quickly after falling into the moving combustion chamber 33, resulting in incomplete combustion.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in order to better control the solid fuel particles produced by pyrolysis so that they can burn fully in the combustion chamber 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution mechanism 6 is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism, which includes a primary air distribution structure 61 and a secondary air distribution structure 62. The primary air distribution structure 61 is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber 32, and the secondary air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber 32. The combustion-supporting gas is transported to the top of the falling combustion chamber 32 by the primary air distribution structure 61, and the combustion-supporting gas is transported to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber 32 by the secondary air distribution structure 62, so that the solid combustion particles produced by pyrolysis can fully contact the combustion-supporting gas during the falling process, thereby making them burn more fully, and a part of the combustion-supporting gas provided by the secondary air distribution structure 62 can enter the mobile combustion chamber 33, and a part of the combustion-supporting gas can pass through the mobile combustion chamber 33 into the gas combustion chamber 34, thereby facilitating the full combustion of the unburned solid in the mobile combustion chamber 33 and the full combustion of the combustible gas in the gas combustion chamber 34.

[0053] Specifically, the first-level air distribution structure 61 and the second-level air distribution structure 62 both include an air distribution duct, the input end of the air distribution duct is connected to the air supply device, and the output end of the air distribution duct passes through the right side wall of the combustion chamber 3 and passes through the gas combustion chamber 34 to be connected to the combustion chamber partition 31. The combustion chamber partition 31 is provided with an upper air distribution port corresponding to the air distribution duct of the first-level air distribution structure 61 and a lower air distribution port corresponding to the air distribution duct of the second-level matching structure. The height of the air outlet position of the first-level air distribution structure 61 is set flush with the height of the output end of the conveying device, or the air outlet position of the first-level air distribution structure 61 is slightly higher than the output end of the conveying device. The height of the air outlet position of the second-level air distribution structure 62 is set flush with the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition 31, or the air outlet position of the second-level air distribution structure 62 is slightly higher than the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition 31.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the height distance between the inner top surface of the falling combustion chamber 32 and the top of the combustion slope 331 is h0, and the minimum distance between the first-level air distribution structure 61 and the inner bottom surface of the moving combustion chamber 33 is h1, which has the relationship: 0.6

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the multi-stage coordination mechanism further includes a three-stage air distribution structure 63, which is connected to the gas combustion chamber 34. By providing the three-stage air distribution structure 63, the combustion-supporting gas is delivered to the gas combustion chamber 34, further ensuring that the combustible gas is fully burned in the gas combustion chamber 34. Specifically, the three-stage air distribution structure 63 also includes an air distribution duct, the input end of the air distribution duct of the three-stage air distribution structure 63 is connected to the air supply device, and the output end of the air distribution duct of the three-stage air distribution structure 63 is connected to the right side wall of the combustion chamber 3. The right side wall of the combustion chamber 3 is provided with a side air distribution port corresponding to the air distribution duct of the three-stage air distribution structure 63.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the inner top surface of the gas combustion chamber 34 is flush with the inner top surface of the falling combustion chamber 32, so the height distance between the inner top surface of the gas combustion chamber 34 and the top of the combustion slope 331 is also h0, and the height distance between the three-stage air distribution structure 63 and the top of the combustion slope 331 is h3, which has the relationship: 0.4 <h3 / h0<0.6。

[0057] like Figure 3 ​As shown, in a specific embodiment of the present invention, the height distance h0 is 3.0m, the height distance h1 is 2.4m, the height distance h2 is 0.75m, the height distance h3 is 0.2m, the length of the combustion chamber partition 31 is 2.2m, and the adjustment range of the spacing l is 0.3m to 0.8m. The width of the falling combustion chamber 32 is equal to the width of the gas combustion chamber 34, both of which are 1.0m. The inclination angle of the combustion slope 331 is 20 degrees. The inner diameter of the air distribution duct of the first-level air distribution structure 61, the air distribution duct of the second-level air distribution structure 62, and the air distribution duct of the third-level air distribution structure 63 are all 0.2m. The length s1 of the conveying device is 3.0m, and the speed v1 is preferably 0.6m / s. The time it takes for the solid fuel particles produced by pyrolysis to fall from the output end of the conveying device to the mobile combustion chamber 33 (that is, the time it takes for the solid fuel particles to fall and burn) is approximately 0.8 seconds. The combustible gas flows from the falling combustion chamber 32 through the mobile combustion chamber 33 into the gas combustion chamber 34 and is finally discharged from the gas combustion chamber 34. The time required is approximately 4.5 seconds.

[0058] Implementation Method 2

[0059] Combine Figure 1 、 Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also provides a pyrolysis incineration method, which uses a dry pyrolysis incinerator for pyrolysis incineration. The dry pyrolysis incinerator has the same specific structure, working principle and beneficial effects as the dry pyrolysis incinerator in embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0060] The pyrolysis incineration method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0061] Drying: The biomass raw material is fed into the input end of the first conveyor 14 in the drying chamber 1 from the drying feed port 11, and the speed of the first conveyor 14 is controlled so that the biomass raw material is dried during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the first conveyor 14;

[0062] Pyrolysis: The dried biomass raw material is fed into the input end of the second conveyor 22 in the pyrolysis chamber 2 from the pyrolysis feed port 21. The speed of the second conveyor 22 is controlled so that the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed into solid fuel particles in the pyrolysis chamber 2 during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the second conveyor 22.

[0063] Combustion: The output end of the second conveying device 22 delivers the solid fuel particles into the combustion chamber 3, and controls the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism 6 to cause the solid fuel particles to burn and generate smoke;

[0064] Flue gas heat exchange: Flue gas is sequentially transported to the primary heat exchange flue 41 for the first heat exchange with the biomass raw material on the second conveying device 14 , and then transported to the secondary heat exchange flue 42 for the second heat exchange with the biomass raw material on the first conveying device 22 .

[0065] Specifically, the combustion step includes the following steps: falling combustion: the output end of the second conveying device 22 delivers the solid fuel particles into the falling combustion chamber 32, controls the height of the falling combustion chamber 32 and controls the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism 6, so that the solid fuel particles burn into a gas-solid mixture in the process of falling from the falling combustion chamber 32 to the moving combustion chamber 33; wherein the gas-solid mixture includes combustible gas and unburned solids; moving combustion: controlling the moving speed of the gas-solid mixture and controlling the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism 6, so that in the process of the gas-solid mixture moving along the combustion slope 331 in the moving combustion chamber 33 to the slag discharge port 35, the uncompleted burnt solids in the gas-solid mixture burn into waste slag and produce combustible gas, and the waste slag is discharged from the slag discharge port 35; gas combustion: the combustible gas generated by the falling combustion of the solid fuel particles and the combustible gas generated by the moving combustion of the gas-solid mixture both enter the gas combustion chamber 34 and burn into flue gas.

[0066] Among them, by controlling the speed of the second conveying device 22, it is ensured that the dried biomass raw materials are pyrolyzed into solid combustion particles in the pyrolysis chamber 2 before entering the combustion chamber 3. By controlling the falling height and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism 6, the products produced by pyrolysis can be burned more fully during the falling combustion process. By controlling the moving speed and the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism 6, the products that are not completely burned after the falling combustion can be burned more fully during the moving combustion process, so that less residue is produced in the end, further reducing the need for subsequent treatment of the residue.

[0067] In an embodiment of the present invention, the moving combustion step further includes: adjusting the distance between the bottom end of the combustion baffle and the combustion slope 331 between the falling combustion chamber 32 and the gas combustion chamber 34 to adjust the moving speed of the gas-solid mixture in the moving combustion chamber 33.

[0068] In an embodiment of the present invention, the air distribution mechanism 6 is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism 6, which includes a first-stage air distribution structure 61, a second-stage air distribution structure 62 and a third-stage air distribution structure 63. The first-stage air distribution structure 61 is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber 32, the second-stage air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber 32, and the third-stage air distribution structure 63 is connected to the gas combustion chamber 34; the pyrolysis incineration method also includes the following steps: according to the stacking height of the gas-solid mixture in the mobile combustion chamber 33, the flow rate ratio of the second-stage air distribution structure 62 and the third-stage air distribution structure 63 to transport the combustion-supporting gas is adjusted respectively; according to the concentration of the combustible gas in the exhaust gas, the flow rate ratio of the third-stage air distribution structure 63 and the first-stage air distribution structure 61 to transport the combustion-supporting gas is adjusted respectively.

[0069] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the initial flow rates of the first-level air distribution structure 61, the second-level air distribution structure 62 and the third-level air distribution structure 63 is 5:3:2; when the height of the solid product accumulated in the mobile combustion chamber 33 is 0.1m higher than the bottom end of the baffle of the combustion chamber 3, the flow rate ratio of the second-level air distribution structure 62 is increased, and the flow rate ratio of the third-level air distribution structure 63 is reduced; when the concentration of combustible gas (including incompletely burned combustible gas) in the exhaust gas discharged from the gas combustion chamber 34 is greater than 5%, the flow rate ratio of the third-level air distribution structure 63 is increased, and the flow rate ratio of the first-level air distribution structure 61 is reduced, wherein the ratio of increase and decrease in the flow rate ratio can be selected as a fixed value, or it can be calculated according to a feedback algorithm. The specific method is to establish a multi-input-multi-output system of flow-incinerator indicators, and use intelligent control algorithms such as PID to adjust the input flow rate so that the various indicators of the incinerator are maintained at the specified value.

[0070] The above descriptions are only several embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications to the embodiments of the present invention based on the contents disclosed in the application documents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry pyrolysis incinerator, characterized in that: include: A drying chamber, wherein an input end thereof is provided with a drying feed port, an output end of the drying chamber is provided with a drying discharge port, a first conveying device is provided in the drying chamber, an input end of the first conveying device is located below the drying feed port, and an output end of the first conveying device extends to the output end of the drying chamber; A pyrolysis chamber, wherein the input end thereof is provided with a pyrolysis feed port, the pyrolysis feed port is connected to the drying discharge port, a second conveying device is provided in the pyrolysis chamber, the input end of the second conveying device is located below the pyrolysis feed port, and the output end of the second conveying device extends to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber; a combustion chamber, connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber; an air distribution mechanism, connected to the combustion chamber, and configured to deliver combustion-supporting gas into the combustion chamber; The multi-stage heat exchange structure includes a primary heat exchange flue and a secondary heat exchange flue. The primary heat exchange flue is installed in the pyrolysis chamber and is connected to the top of the combustion chamber. The secondary heat exchange flue is installed in the drying chamber and is connected to the primary heat exchange flue.

2. The drying pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The output end of the secondary heat exchange flue extends from the output end of the drying chamber and is connected to the flue gas collecting device through the induced draft device.

3. The drying pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A combustion chamber partition is provided in the combustion chamber, the top end of the combustion chamber partition is connected to the inner top surface of the combustion chamber, and there is a spacing space between the bottom end of the combustion chamber partition and the inner bottom surface of the combustion chamber. A flue gas outlet is provided on the combustion chamber partition, and the flue gas outlet is arranged close to the inner top surface of the combustion chamber and is connected to the first-level heat exchange pipe.

4. The drying pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner cavity of the combustion chamber is divided into a falling combustion chamber, a moving combustion chamber and a gas combustion chamber by the combustion chamber partition. The top of the falling combustion chamber is connected to the output end of the pyrolysis chamber, and the bottom of the falling combustion chamber is connected to the gas combustion chamber through the moving combustion chamber. A slag discharge port is provided at the bottom of the moving combustion chamber, and a combustion slope is provided in the moving combustion chamber. The top of the combustion slope is located below the falling combustion chamber, and the bottom end of the combustion slope extends downward to the slag discharge port.

5. The drying pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air distribution mechanism is a multi-stage air distribution mechanism, which includes a primary air distribution structure and a secondary air distribution structure. The primary air distribution structure is connected to the top of the falling combustion chamber, and the secondary air distribution structure is connected to the bottom of the falling combustion chamber.

6. The drying pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: An exhaust port is provided on the top of the drying chamber, and the exhaust port is connected to the combustion chamber through an odor recovery pipe. A condensation structure is provided on the odor recovery pipe, and the condensation structure is used to condense and collect water vapor in the gas discharged from the drying chamber.

7. The drying pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least a portion of the wall of the drying chamber is a light-transmitting structure for transmitting sunlight, and the light-transmitting structure is located above the first conveying device.

8. The drying pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first conveying device is a conveyor belt conveying device, and the conveyor belt of the first conveying device is provided with sieve holes. The bottom of the drying chamber is provided with a discharge port, and the discharge port is used to discharge the undersize material and leachate sieved by the sieve holes.

9. The drying pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 8, characterized in that: A guide slope is provided in the drying chamber, and the guide slope is located below the first conveying device. The top of the guide slope is connected to the drying discharge port, and the bottom of the guide slope extends downward to the discharge port.

10. The dry pyrolysis incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first conveying device includes a front conveying structure and a rear conveying structure, the input end of the front conveying structure is located below the drying feed port, the output end of the front conveying structure is connected to the input end of the rear conveying structure, and the output end of the rear conveying structure extends to the output end of the drying chamber; wherein, the conveying length of the front conveying structure is smaller than the conveying length of the rear conveying structure, and the conveying speed of the front conveying structure is greater than the conveying speed of the rear conveying structure.

11. A pyrolysis incineration method, characterized in that: Using the drying pyrolysis incinerator according to any one of claims 1 to 10, the pyrolysis incineration method comprises the following steps: Drying: feeding the biomass raw material into the input end of the first conveyor in the drying chamber from the drying feed port, controlling the speed of the first conveyor so that the biomass raw material is dried during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the first conveyor; Pyrolysis: feeding the dried biomass raw material into the input end of the second conveyor in the pyrolysis chamber from the pyrolysis feed port, and controlling the speed of the second conveyor so that the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed into solid fuel particles in the pyrolysis chamber during the process of being transported from the input end to the output end by the second conveyor; Combustion: The output end of the second conveying device delivers the solid fuel particles into the combustion chamber, and controls the flow rate of the combustion-supporting gas delivered by the air distribution mechanism to cause the solid fuel particles to burn and generate smoke; Flue gas heat exchange: The flue gas is first transported to the primary heat exchange flue for the first heat exchange with the biomass raw material on the second conveying device, and then transported to the secondary heat exchange flue for the second heat exchange with the biomass raw material on the first conveying device.

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