Submerged arc furnace temperature control system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of submerged arc furnace temperature control, in particular to a submerged arc furnace temperature control system and method. The method comprises the steps that a design drawing of the submerged arc furnace is obtained, the design drawing is analyzed, and structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace are determined; establishing a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters; and according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined. Interlayer thermal resistance gradient calculation deviation caused by homogenization hypothesis is avoided, structural layer parameters truly reflect physical characteristics of heterogeneous materials, and meanwhile local heat transfer distortion caused by seam thermal stress concentration is avoided. According to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, the three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established, and the heat transfer distortion problem caused by neglecting of the dynamic thermal resistance of the caulking layer can be eliminated. And according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined, and the problem of local overheating caused by misalignment of heat flux density threshold prediction can be eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of temperature control of submerged arc furnaces, and in particular to a temperature control system and method for submerged arc furnaces. Background Art

[0002] As the core high-temperature reaction equipment in the metallurgical industry, the precise control of the temperature field distribution of the submerged arc furnace is directly related to the smelting efficiency, energy consumption level and equipment life.

[0003] However, traditional temperature control methods rely on empirical threshold adjustment or feedback data from limited temperature measurement points, resulting in heat conduction behavior that does not match actual expectations, leading to deviations in temperature control effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a temperature control system and method for an electric arc furnace to solve the above problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for controlling the temperature of an electric arc furnace, the method comprising:

[0006] Obtaining a design drawing of a submerged arc furnace, analyzing the design drawing, and determining structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace;

[0007] Establishing a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters;

[0008] The regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model.

[0009] This solution obtains and analyzes the design drawings of the submerged arc furnace to determine its structural and heat transfer parameters. This avoids calculation errors in the interlayer thermal resistance gradient caused by the homogenization assumption, ensuring that the structural parameters truly reflect the physical properties of heterogeneous materials while also minimizing local heat transfer distortion caused by thermal stress concentration at joints. A three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established based on these structural and heat transfer parameters, helping to eliminate heat transfer distortion caused by ignoring the dynamic thermal resistance of the caulking layer. The regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined based on this three-dimensional temperature distribution model, helping to mitigate local overheating caused by inaccurate heat flux threshold predictions.

[0010] Optionally, analyzing the design drawings to determine the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace includes:

[0011] Analyze the design drawings to determine the internal structure of the submerged arc furnace;

[0012] Based on the furnace structure, a material data sheet is retrieved, and structural layer parameters are determined according to the material data sheet;

[0013] The furnace structure is analyzed to determine the pipe distribution, and the heat transfer parameters are determined based on the pipe distribution and the material data sheet.

[0014] Optionally, determining structural layer parameters according to the material data sheet includes:

[0015] Analyze the furnace structure to determine the furnace bottom structure layer, furnace cavity structure layer and composite structure layer;

[0016] Analyzing the furnace bottom structural layer to determine material distribution characteristics;

[0017] Based on the material data table and according to the material distribution characteristics, determining the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer;

[0018] Analyze the furnace cavity structure layer to determine the furnace cavity geometric parameters;

[0019] Determining a heat diffusion path of the furnace cavity structure layer based on the material data table and the furnace cavity geometric parameters;

[0020] Analyzing the composite structural layer based on the material data sheet to determine joint filling characteristics;

[0021] determining the thermal stress distribution of the composite structure layer according to the joint filling characteristics;

[0022] The thermal resistance gradient, the heat diffusion path and the thermal stress distribution are determined as the structural layer parameters.

[0023] Optionally, determining the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer based on the material data table and according to the material distribution characteristics includes:

[0024] Analyze the design drawings to determine the design thickness of the coke bricks, the design thickness of the insulation cotton, the first thermal conductivity of the tri-polymer lightweight bricks, and the second thermal conductivity of the first-level lightweight bricks;

[0025] Determine the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks and the thermal insulation cotton according to the material data sheet;

[0026] Determine the basic thermal resistance value according to the designed thickness of the coke brick, the designed thickness of the thermal insulation cotton, the thermal conductivity of the coke brick, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation cotton;

[0027] determining a thermal resistance increment coefficient according to a thermal conductivity difference between the first thermal conductivity and the second thermal conductivity;

[0028] Determine the filling density and thickness of the high-aluminum dry ramming material for the furnace bottom structural layer according to the material data sheet;

[0029] Determining an interface thermal resistance compensation value according to the gap filling density and the gap filling thickness;

[0030] The thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer is determined according to the thermal resistance increment coefficient, the interface thermal resistance compensation value, and the basic thermal resistance value.

[0031] Optionally, determining heat transfer parameters according to the pipeline distribution and the material data sheet includes:

[0032] According to the pipeline distribution, determine the position of the heating pipe, the cooling pipe, the heat collecting cover, and the exhaust pipe;

[0033] Determine the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe according to the material data sheet and the position of the heating pipe;

[0034] Determine the cooling air flow rate of the cooling pipe according to the material data sheet and the cooling pipe position;

[0035] Determine the bidirectional heat exchange efficiency based on the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe and the cold air flow rate of the cooling pipe;

[0036] Determining a waste heat recovery rate of the heat collecting cover according to the material data table and the position of the heat collecting cover;

[0037] Determining a waste heat utilization coefficient based on the waste heat recovery rate;

[0038] Acquiring design target data of the submerged arc furnace, and determining exhaust gas composition of the exhaust pipe according to the design target data;

[0039] determining a heat loss compensation value according to the exhaust gas composition and the exhaust pipe position;

[0040] The heat exchange efficiency, the waste heat utilization coefficient, and the heat loss compensation value are determined as heat transfer parameters.

[0041] Optionally, establishing a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters includes:

[0042] According to the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, the partial differential equation of heat conduction is established;

[0043] Determine the ideal operating conditions of the submerged arc furnace according to the design drawings;

[0044] Determining overall physical properties of the submerged arc furnace based on the material data sheet;

[0045] Establishing boundary conditions of the submerged arc furnace according to the ideal working conditions and the overall physical properties;

[0046] Determining a calculation convergence criterion based on the boundary conditions;

[0047] A three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established according to the calculation convergence criterion and the heat conduction partial differential equation.

[0048] Optionally, establishing a heat conduction partial differential equation based on the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters includes:

[0049] The carbon brick layer is modeled as a nonlinear heat conductor, and a first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the carbon brick layer is established according to the structural layer parameters;

[0050] The lightweight brick layer is modeled as isotropically conductive, and a second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the lightweight brick layer is established according to the structural layer parameters;

[0051] According to the design drawings, an interface thermal resistance model including contact heat transfer parameters is constructed at the ramming material joints of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model;

[0052] Determining a three-dimensional Gaussian distributed heat source based on arc position and power parameters in the design drawing;

[0053] According to the working environment parameters of the submerged arc furnace, composite boundary conditions including gas convection and heat radiation in the submerged arc furnace are set;

[0054] A three-dimensional transient heat conduction partial differential equation is generated by combining the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the interface thermal resistance model, the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source and the composite boundary condition.

[0055] Optionally, determining the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model includes:

[0056] Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks, an arc heat source distribution model is established;

[0057] Determine the cooling pipe layout angle according to the design drawings;

[0058] Calculating the forced convection heat transfer efficiency based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the cooling tube layout angle and the cooling tube position;

[0059] Determine the high temperature resistance of the secondary refractory bricks according to the material data sheet;

[0060] Determining a heat flux threshold based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the high temperature resistance performance;

[0061] The regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined according to the arc heat source distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency, and the heat flux density threshold.

[0062] Optionally, the calculating of the forced convection heat transfer efficiency based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and according to the cooling tube layout angle and the cooling tube position includes:

[0063] Acquiring pressure sensor data of the submerged arc furnace;

[0064] Determine the cross interference factor between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe according to the pressure sensor data, the position of the heating pipe, the position of the cooling pipe, and the layout angle of the cooling pipe;

[0065] Calculate the driving force of natural convection based on the density difference between hot air and cold air;

[0066] Determine the pipe roughness according to the material data sheet;

[0067] determining a flow resistance correction coefficient according to the pipeline roughness;

[0068] Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is calculated according to the cross interference factor, the natural convection driving force and the flow resistance correction coefficient.

[0069] In a second aspect, the present application provides a temperature control system for an electric arc furnace, the system comprising:

[0070] A drawing analysis module is used to obtain the design drawings of the submerged arc furnace, analyze the design drawings, and determine the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace;

[0071] A model building module, used to build a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters;

[0072] The characteristic determination module is used to determine the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model.

[0073] Optionally, when the drawing analysis module analyzes the design drawing to determine the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace, it is used to:

[0074] Analyze the design drawings to determine the internal structure of the submerged arc furnace;

[0075] Based on the furnace structure, a material data sheet is retrieved, and structural layer parameters are determined according to the material data sheet;

[0076] The furnace structure is analyzed to determine the pipe distribution, and the heat transfer parameters are determined based on the pipe distribution and the material data sheet.

[0077] Optionally, when the drawing analysis module determines the structural layer parameters according to the material data sheet, it is used to:

[0078] Analyze the furnace structure to determine the furnace bottom structure layer, furnace cavity structure layer and composite structure layer;

[0079] Analyzing the furnace bottom structural layer to determine material distribution characteristics;

[0080] Based on the material data table and according to the material distribution characteristics, determining the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer;

[0081] Analyze the furnace cavity structure layer to determine the furnace cavity geometric parameters;

[0082] Determining a heat diffusion path of the furnace cavity structure layer based on the material data table and the furnace cavity geometric parameters;

[0083] Analyzing the composite structural layer based on the material data sheet to determine joint filling characteristics;

[0084] determining the thermal stress distribution of the composite structure layer according to the joint filling characteristics;

[0085] The thermal resistance gradient, the heat diffusion path and the thermal stress distribution are determined as the structural layer parameters.

[0086] Optionally, when the drawing analysis module determines the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer based on the material data table and the material distribution characteristics, it is configured to:

[0087] Analyze the design drawings to determine the design thickness of the coke bricks, the design thickness of the insulation cotton, the first thermal conductivity of the tri-polymer lightweight bricks, and the second thermal conductivity of the first-level lightweight bricks;

[0088] Determine the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks and the thermal insulation cotton according to the material data sheet;

[0089] Determine the basic thermal resistance value according to the designed thickness of the coke brick, the designed thickness of the thermal insulation cotton, the thermal conductivity of the coke brick, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation cotton;

[0090] determining a thermal resistance increment coefficient according to a thermal conductivity difference between the first thermal conductivity and the second thermal conductivity;

[0091] Determine the filling density and thickness of the high-aluminum dry ramming material for the furnace bottom structural layer according to the material data sheet;

[0092] Determining an interface thermal resistance compensation value according to the gap filling density and the gap filling thickness;

[0093] The thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer is determined according to the thermal resistance increment coefficient, the interface thermal resistance compensation value, and the basic thermal resistance value.

[0094] Optionally, when determining heat transfer parameters based on the pipeline distribution and the material data sheet, the drawing analysis module is used to:

[0095] According to the pipeline distribution, determine the position of the heating pipe, the cooling pipe, the heat collecting cover, and the exhaust pipe;

[0096] Determine the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe according to the material data sheet and the position of the heating pipe;

[0097] Determine the cooling air flow rate of the cooling pipe according to the material data sheet and the cooling pipe position;

[0098] Determine the bidirectional heat exchange efficiency based on the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe and the cold air flow rate of the cooling pipe;

[0099] Determining a waste heat recovery rate of the heat collecting cover according to the material data table and the position of the heat collecting cover;

[0100] Determining a waste heat utilization coefficient based on the waste heat recovery rate;

[0101] Acquiring design target data of the submerged arc furnace, and determining exhaust gas composition of the exhaust pipe according to the design target data;

[0102] determining a heat loss compensation value according to the exhaust gas composition and the exhaust pipe position;

[0103] The heat exchange efficiency, the waste heat utilization coefficient, and the heat loss compensation value are determined as heat transfer parameters.

[0104] Optionally, when the model building module builds the three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, it is used to:

[0105] According to the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, the partial differential equation of heat conduction is established;

[0106] Determine the ideal operating conditions of the submerged arc furnace according to the design drawings;

[0107] Determining overall physical properties of the submerged arc furnace based on the material data sheet;

[0108] Establishing boundary conditions of the submerged arc furnace according to the ideal working conditions and the overall physical properties;

[0109] Determining a calculation convergence criterion based on the boundary conditions;

[0110] A three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established according to the calculation convergence criterion and the heat conduction partial differential equation.

[0111] Optionally, when the model building module establishes the partial differential equation of heat conduction based on the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, it is used to:

[0112] The carbon brick layer is modeled as a nonlinear heat conductor, and a first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the carbon brick layer is established according to the structural layer parameters;

[0113] The lightweight brick layer is modeled as isotropically conductive, and a second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the lightweight brick layer is established according to the structural layer parameters;

[0114] According to the design drawings, an interface thermal resistance model including contact heat transfer parameters is constructed at the ramming material joints of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model;

[0115] Determining a three-dimensional Gaussian distributed heat source based on arc position and power parameters in the design drawing;

[0116] According to the working environment parameters of the submerged arc furnace, composite boundary conditions including gas convection and heat radiation in the submerged arc furnace are set;

[0117] A three-dimensional transient heat conduction partial differential equation is generated by combining the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the interface thermal resistance model, the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source and the composite boundary condition.

[0118] Optionally, when the characteristic determination module determines the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, it is used to:

[0119] Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks, an arc heat source distribution model is established;

[0120] Determine the cooling pipe layout angle according to the design drawings;

[0121] Calculating the forced convection heat transfer efficiency based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the cooling tube layout angle and the cooling tube position;

[0122] Determine the high temperature resistance of the secondary refractory bricks according to the material data sheet;

[0123] Determining a heat flux threshold based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the high temperature resistance performance;

[0124] The regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined according to the arc heat source distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency, and the heat flux density threshold.

[0125] Optionally, when calculating the forced convection heat transfer efficiency based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the characteristic determination module is used to:

[0126] Acquiring pressure sensor data of the submerged arc furnace;

[0127] Determine the cross interference factor between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe according to the pressure sensor data, the position of the heating pipe, the position of the cooling pipe, and the layout angle of the cooling pipe;

[0128] Calculate the driving force of natural convection based on the density difference between hot air and cold air;

[0129] Determine the pipe roughness according to the material data sheet;

[0130] determining a flow resistance correction coefficient according to the pipeline roughness;

[0131] Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is calculated according to the cross interference factor, the natural convection driving force and the flow resistance correction coefficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0132] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an application scenario provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0133] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a temperature control method for a submerged arc furnace provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0134] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of a temperature control system for an electric arc furnace provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0135] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0136] In this document, the term "and / or" simply describes a relationship between related objects, indicating that three possible relationships exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone. Furthermore, the character " / " in this document, unless otherwise specified, generally indicates an "or" relationship between the related objects.

[0137] The embodiments of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0138] Traditional temperature control methods rely on empirical threshold adjustment or feedback data from a limited number of temperature measurement points. Limited by the prediction bias of sparse temperature measurement points and the lack of dynamic analysis capabilities, they often lead to thermal conduction behavior that does not match actual expectations, resulting in deviations in the temperature control effect.

[0139] Based on this, the present application provides a system and method for controlling the temperature of an electric arc furnace. These methods obtain and analyze the furnace's design drawings to determine the furnace's structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters. This avoids calculation deviations in the interlayer thermal resistance gradient caused by the homogenization assumption, ensuring that the structural layer parameters truly reflect the physical properties of heterogeneous materials while also avoiding local heat transfer distortion caused by thermal stress concentration at joints. A three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the electric arc furnace is established based on the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters, helping to eliminate heat transfer distortion caused by ignoring the dynamic thermal resistance of the caulking layer. Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the regional heat conduction characteristics of the electric arc furnace are determined, helping to eliminate local overheating caused by inaccurate predictions of the heat flux density threshold.

[0140] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by this application. When controlling the temperature of an electric arc furnace, the method provided by this application is applied.

[0141] Specifically, the method provided in this application is applied to any server, and the server interacts with the purchasing terminal. The design drawings of the blast furnace are obtained through the purchasing terminal, and the design drawings are analyzed to determine the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the blast furnace, thereby avoiding the calculation deviation of the interlayer thermal resistance gradient caused by the homogenization assumption, so that the structural layer parameters truly reflect the physical properties of the heterogeneous material, and at the same time avoid the local heat transfer distortion caused by the thermal stress concentration at the joint. Based on the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters, a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the blast furnace is established, which helps to eliminate the heat transfer distortion problem caused by ignoring the dynamic thermal resistance of the filling layer. Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the regional heat conduction characteristics of the blast furnace are determined, which helps to eliminate the local overheating problem caused by the inaccurate prediction of the heat flux density threshold. For specific implementation methods, please refer to the following embodiments.

[0142] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of a method for controlling the temperature of an electric arc furnace provided in one embodiment of the present application. The method of this embodiment can be applied to the server in the above scenario. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0143] S201, obtaining a design drawing of the submerged arc furnace, analyzing the design drawing, and determining structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace;

[0144] Submerged arc furnaces can be key equipment for high-temperature smelting reactions in the metallurgical industry.

[0145] The design drawings may be engineering drawings of the submerged arc furnace.

[0146] The structural layer parameters may be a set of parameters that characterize the physical properties of each composite structural layer of the submerged arc furnace.

[0147] Heat transfer parameters can be a set of parameters that describe the heat conduction and heat exchange process of the submerged arc furnace.

[0148] Specifically, the design drawings of the ore-fired furnace stored in the purchasing terminal are obtained, the geometric dimensions and joint distribution coordinates of the furnace bottom, furnace cavity, and composite structural layer are extracted, and the structural layer parameters such as the thickness of the coke brick layer, the thermal resistance of the lightweight brick layer, and the ramming material filling width are marked; then, based on the structural layer parameters, a cross-layer thermal resistance incremental matrix is ​​generated, and a heat diffusion path topology map is constructed; then, the heat flux density threshold is calculated by combining the arc heat source distribution characteristics and the material conductivity parameters, and is associated with the three-dimensional space coordinates to form a heat flux density mapping table; subsequently, the gas convection heat transfer coefficient and thermal radiation parameters are loaded through the material physical property database to construct the heat transfer parameters.

[0149] S202, establishing a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace based on structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters;

[0150] The three-dimensional temperature distribution model can be a physically driven mathematical model constructed based on the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace.

[0151] Specifically, based on the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters, a three-dimensional Gaussian distribution model of the arc heat source is established to calculate the heat flux density; the resistivity parameters of the coke brick layer are input into the Joule heating module of COMSOL Multiphysics based on Maxwell's equations and Fourier's law of heat conduction, and the bidirectional coupling effect of the current density field and the temperature field is calculated; then, an unstructured grid is generated according to the structural layer geometric parameters in the drawing, and local encryption is performed at the coke brick-lightweight brick interface; subsequently, the ramming material layer is set as the contact thermal resistance boundary condition, and the thermal resistance value is dynamically updated; finally, a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the electric arc furnace is established.

[0152] S203. Determine the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model.

[0153] Regional heat conduction characteristics can be a quantitative description of the heat conduction behavior of different regions inside a submerged arc furnace.

[0154] Specifically, based on the output results of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the regional heat conduction characteristics of the blast furnace are divided: first, based on the relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient and yield strength of the secondary refractory brick material, the temperature gradient threshold corresponding to the critical thermal stress is determined through high-temperature creep experiments, and the safety factor is superimposed as the preset threshold; then, the set of grid cells whose temperature gradient modulus exceeds the preset threshold is extracted; then, the streamline tracing algorithm is used to generate a heat flux vector distribution map of the isothermal surface in the furnace body, and the main heat transfer channel and thermal hysteresis zone are marked to determine the regional heat conduction characteristics.

[0155] This solution obtains and analyzes the design drawings of the submerged arc furnace to determine its structural and heat transfer parameters. This avoids calculation errors in the interlayer thermal resistance gradient caused by the homogenization assumption, ensuring that the structural parameters truly reflect the physical properties of heterogeneous materials while also minimizing local heat transfer distortion caused by thermal stress concentration at joints. A three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established based on these structural and heat transfer parameters, helping to eliminate heat transfer distortion caused by ignoring the dynamic thermal resistance of the caulking layer. The regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined based on this three-dimensional temperature distribution model, helping to mitigate local overheating caused by inaccurate heat flux threshold predictions.

[0156] In some embodiments, the design drawings are analyzed to determine the internal structure of the ore-fired furnace; based on the internal structure of the furnace, the material data sheet is retrieved, and the structural layer parameters are determined according to the material data sheet; the internal structure of the furnace is analyzed to determine the pipeline distribution, and the heat transfer parameters are determined according to the pipeline distribution and the material data sheet.

[0157] The furnace internal structure can be a composite layered geometry inside the submerged arc furnace.

[0158] The material data sheet may be a pre-existing database of refractory material properties.

[0159] The pipeline distribution can be the layout topology of the heating pipes and cooling pipes in the ore-fired furnace.

[0160] Specifically, the CAD drawing parsing tool is called to extract the furnace bottom, furnace wall, coke brick layer, lightweight brick layer, ramming material layer thickness parameters and joint position coordinates and other furnace structures. Based on the furnace structure, according to the material code marked on the drawing, the thermophysical property table in the material database is matched to generate the structural layer parameters. Based on the material mark, the nonlinear relationship table between the resistivity and temperature of coke bricks, the isotropic thermal conductivity of lightweight bricks and the contact thermal resistance-compression density curve of ramming material are retrieved from the material database; then, the material property data is bound to the structural layer parameters to generate a structural layer parameter model based on Fourier's heat conduction law, including thermal resistance gradient and heat diffusion path length; then, the layout position of the heating pipe and the cooling pipe in the design drawing, the inner diameter of the pipe, the bending angle and the relative distance from the structural layer are identified to determine the pipe distribution; then, according to the pipe material mark, the measured value of the surface roughness is retrieved from the material data table, and the Colebrook-Wh is used in combination with the Reynolds number range. The friction factor is iteratively calculated using the ITE formula to ultimately generate the flow resistance coefficient and convective heat transfer coefficient. Combined with the pipeline distribution, the equivalent convective heat transfer efficiency and the hot air / cold air flow resistance gradient of each pipeline are calculated. Then, the hot air velocity of the heating pipe and the cold air flow parameters of the cooling pipe are associated with the pipeline distribution to establish a mapping table of velocity-flow-heat transfer efficiency. Finally, based on the contact thermal resistance-compression density curve of the ramming material layer, the Arrhenius equation is introduced to correlate the accelerating effect of temperature on the creep rate of the ramming material. The dynamic compensation coefficient of the interface thermal resistance changing with temperature is calculated, and the dynamic compensation coefficient is coupled with the thermal resistance gradient in the structural layer parameter model to generate the heat transfer parameters.

[0161] This solution analyzes design drawings and determines the internal structure of the submerged arc furnace, avoiding the neglect of thermal conductivity differences caused by the homogenization assumption and providing a geometric foundation for structural layer parameter modeling. Based on the internal structure, the material data sheet is retrieved and used to determine the structural layer parameters. The quantitative impact of joint gaps and stacking angles on thermal resistance increments is clarified, providing data support for constructing a multi-level thermal resistance gradient model. The internal structure is analyzed to determine the pipe distribution. Based on this pipe distribution and the material data sheet, heat transfer parameters are determined to optimize the accuracy of waste heat resource matching and overcome the model accuracy limitations caused by sparse temperature measurement points.

[0162] In some embodiments, the structure inside the furnace is analyzed to determine the furnace bottom structure layer, the furnace cavity structure layer and the composite structure layer; the furnace bottom structure layer is analyzed to determine the material distribution characteristics; based on the material data table, according to the material distribution characteristics, the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer is determined; the furnace cavity structure layer is analyzed to determine the furnace cavity geometric parameters; based on the material data table, according to the furnace cavity geometric parameters, the thermal diffusion path of the furnace cavity structure layer is determined; based on the material data table, the composite structure layer is analyzed to determine the seam filling characteristics; according to the seam filling characteristics, the thermal stress distribution of the composite structure layer is determined; the thermal resistance gradient, thermal diffusion path and thermal stress distribution are determined as structural layer parameters.

[0163] The furnace bottom structural layer may be a multi-layer structure formed by laminating a coke brick layer and a lightweight brick layer at the bottom of the submerged arc furnace.

[0164] The furnace chamber structure layer may be a main structure including the geometric boundary of the arc reaction zone.

[0165] The composite structural layer may be a composite area formed by filling the joints between the coke brick layer and the lightweight brick layer with ramming material.

[0166] The material distribution characteristics may be the thickness distribution, stacking sequence and joint width data of the coke bricks and lightweight bricks in the furnace bottom structural layer.

[0167] The thermal resistance gradient can be a thermal resistance distribution matrix between layers.

[0168] The furnace cavity geometric parameters may be spatial dimension data such as furnace cavity diameter, height, and cone angle.

[0169] The heat diffusion path may be the main conduction direction of the heat flux and the path length.

[0170] The joint filling characteristics can be the compression density distribution of the ramming material layer in the joint area and the filling thickness parameters.

[0171] The thermal stress distribution can be a quantitative distribution map of local stress concentration areas.

[0172] Specifically, the CAD drawing parsing tool is used to decompose the furnace structure into the furnace bottom structure layer, the furnace cavity structure layer, and the composite structure layer according to the functional area. Then, based on the furnace bottom structure layer, the thickness distribution curve, stacking sequence parameters, and joint boundary coordinates of each material layer of the furnace bottom are extracted to determine the material distribution characteristics. Furthermore, based on the material distribution characteristics, the resistivity-temperature nonlinear relationship curve of the coke brick and the contact thermal resistance-compression density function of the ramming material in the material data table are called, and combined with the inter-layer joint coordinates, the axial thermal resistance increment of the coke brick layer and the lateral thermal resistance distribution of the lightweight brick layer are calculated to determine the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer. Subsequently, based on the furnace cavity structure layer, the furnace cavity height, curvature radius, and lightweight brick layer thickness distribution are measured, and the furnace cavity geometric parameters are determined in combination with the conductive properties of carbon bricks. Furthermore, based on the furnace cavity geometric parameters, the isotropic thermal conductivity of the lightweight brick is retrieved from the material data table, and combined with the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution model of the arc heat source, a conduction equation for the heat flux density varying with the curvature radius is constructed, and the geometric curvature is determined to calculate the heat diffusion path. Next, the ramming material filling density and joint width of the joints between the coke brick layer and the lightweight brick layer in the composite structure are identified. The contact thermal resistance values ​​corresponding to the corresponding densities are retrieved from the material data sheet to determine the joint filling characteristics. Furthermore, based on the joint filling characteristics and the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the coke bricks and lightweight bricks from the material data sheet, the interlayer thermal expansion displacement difference is calculated using thermoelasticity equations to generate the thermal stress distribution of the composite structure layer. Finally, the thermal resistance gradient, heat diffusion path, and thermal stress distribution are bound to the nodes of the three-dimensional finite element mesh to form the structural layer parameters.

[0173] This solution analyzes the furnace structure to identify the furnace bottom, cavity, and composite layers. The physical boundaries and functional zoning of each layer are clearly defined, providing a structural foundation for layered parameter extraction. The furnace bottom layer is analyzed to determine material distribution characteristics, eliminating thermal conductivity errors caused by the homogenization assumption. Based on the material datasheet and material distribution characteristics, the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom layer is determined, providing basic data for temperature field modeling. The furnace cavity layer is analyzed to determine cavity geometry parameters, eliminating the problem of uncorrelated geometry and conductivity. Based on the material datasheet and cavity geometry parameters, the heat diffusion path of the cavity layer is determined, correcting for path prediction errors caused by ignoring heat source distribution characteristics. Based on the material datasheet, the composite layer is analyzed to determine joint filling characteristics, dynamically quantifying the compensation effect of interfacial thermal resistance. Based on the joint filling characteristics, the thermal stress distribution of the composite layer is determined to locate potential structural failure risk points. The thermal resistance gradient, heat diffusion path, and thermal stress distribution are determined as structural layer parameters, providing complete input parameters for the coupled heat transfer equations, including thermal resistance gradient, path length, and peak stress, thus overcoming the limitations of fragmented modeling.

[0174] In some embodiments, the design drawings are analyzed to determine the design thickness of the coke bricks, the design thickness of the insulation cotton, the first thermal conductivity of the tripolymer lightweight bricks, and the second thermal conductivity of the first-level lightweight bricks; according to the material data sheet, the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks and the thermal conductivity of the insulation cotton are determined; according to the design thickness of the coke bricks, the design thickness of the insulation cotton, the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks, and the thermal conductivity of the insulation cotton, the basic thermal resistance value is determined; according to the thermal conductivity difference between the first thermal conductivity and the second thermal conductivity, the thermal resistance incremental coefficient is determined; according to the material data sheet, the filling density and filling thickness of the high-aluminum dry ramming material of the furnace bottom structural layer are determined; according to the filling density and filling thickness, the interface thermal resistance compensation value is determined; according to the thermal resistance incremental coefficient, the interface thermal resistance compensation value, and the basic thermal resistance value, the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structural layer is determined.

[0175] The design thickness of the coke brick may be the geometric dimension of the coke brick layer in the vertical direction, in millimeters.

[0176] The design thickness of the thermal insulation cotton can be the geometric dimension of the thermal insulation cotton layer in the vertical direction, in millimeters.

[0177] Tri-polymer lightweight bricks can be bricks used in the furnace bottom structural layer, which are made of three kinds of lightweight refractory materials.

[0178] The first thermal conductivity may be the thermal conductivity coefficient of the trimer lightweight brick under steady-state heat transfer conditions.

[0179] A first-class lightweight brick may be a refractory brick having a single lightweight aggregate component.

[0180] The second thermal conductivity may be the thermal conductivity coefficient of the first-level lightweight brick under steady-state heat transfer conditions.

[0181] The thermal conductivity of the coke brick can be a nonlinear function relationship between the thermal conductivity of the coke brick and the temperature.

[0182] The thermal conductivity of the insulation cotton can be a constant thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation cotton in the range of normal temperature to high temperature.

[0183] The basic thermal resistance value may be a static thermal resistance value calculated based only on the thickness of the coke brick layer and the insulation cotton layer and the thermal conductivity of the coke brick and the thermal conductivity of the insulation cotton.

[0184] The thermal conductivity difference can be the absolute difference in thermal conductivity between the trimer lightweight brick and the first-class lightweight brick.

[0185] The thermal resistance increment coefficient may be a proportional coefficient of the interlayer thermal resistance amplification caused by the difference in thermal conductivity.

[0186] The high-alumina dry ramming material may be a dry filling material with high-alumina bauxite as a main component.

[0187] The filling density can be the actual filling density of the high-aluminum dry ramming material at the joint.

[0188] The filling thickness can be the vertical dimension of the actual filling layer of high-alumina dry ramming material at the joint.

[0189] The interface thermal resistance compensation value can be the additional thermal resistance value introduced due to the deviation of the filling density and thickness from the ideal process parameters.

[0190] Specifically, the laminated structure annotation information of the submerged arc furnace design drawings is analyzed to obtain the design thickness of the coke brick, the design thickness of the insulation cotton, the first thermal conductivity of the tri-polymer lightweight brick, and the second thermal conductivity of the first-level lightweight brick. Then, according to the index matching of the material data table, the thermal conductivity-temperature gradient curve of the coke brick is retrieved through piecewise polynomial fitting to establish the thermal conductivity of the coke brick; the constant temperature thermal conductivity calibration value of the insulation cotton is simultaneously retrieved, and the thermal conductivity of the insulation cotton is constructed in accordance with the steady-state heat transfer assumption of Fourier's law. Furthermore, based on the design thickness of the coke brick and the thermal conductivity of the coke brick, the axial basic thermal resistance value of the coke brick layer is calculated; at the same time, based on the design thickness of the insulation cotton and the thermal conductivity of the insulation cotton, the lateral basic thermal resistance value of the insulation cotton layer is calculated; then, the axial basic thermal resistance value of the coke brick layer and the lateral basic thermal resistance value of the insulation cotton layer are spatially superimposed in the order of stacking to form the basic thermal resistance value. Based on the difference between the first thermal conductivity of the tri-polymer lightweight brick and the second thermal conductivity of the first-level lightweight brick, the thermal conductivity difference coefficient between the lightweight brick layers is calculated; then, combined with the inverse relationship between the thermal resistance and thermal conductivity of the lightweight brick in the material data sheet, the thermal resistance increment coefficient is generated. Subsequently, the gap filling density-contact thermal resistance mapping table of the high-aluminum dry ramming material in the material data sheet is called to match the gap filling density and gap filling thickness corresponding to the gap filling thickness measurement value in the design drawing. Furthermore, based on the gap filling density and gap filling thickness, the interface thermal resistance compensation value of the joint area is calculated through the contact thermal resistance-density function. Finally, the basic thermal resistance value, the thermal resistance increment coefficient, and the interface thermal resistance compensation value are superimposed and calculated to output the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer including the axial gradient and lateral compensation.

[0191] This solution analyzes design drawings to determine the design thickness of coke bricks, the design thickness of insulation, the first thermal conductivity of tri-polymer lightweight bricks, and the second thermal conductivity of primary lightweight bricks. This helps quantify the differences in thermal conductivity between heterogeneous materials and avoid heat transfer distortion caused by homogenization assumptions. The thermal conductivity of coke bricks and insulation is determined based on material datasheets, accurately reflecting the actual thermal conductivity characteristics of the materials and eliminating deviations in thermal resistance increment calculations caused by ignoring the dynamic thermal conductivity behavior of the materials. Based on the design thickness of coke bricks, the design thickness of insulation, the thermal conductivity of coke bricks, and the thermal conductivity of insulation, a base thermal resistance value is determined, eliminating thermal resistance gradient modeling errors caused by ignoring the direct coupling relationship between material thickness and thermal conductivity. Based on the difference in thermal conductivity between the first and second thermal conductivities, a thermal resistance increment coefficient is determined to quantify the additional thermal resistance amplification effect caused by stacking heterogeneous lightweight bricks and correct for missing thermal resistance increments caused by not considering the thermal conductivity differences of lightweight bricks. Determining the gap filling density and gap filling thickness of the high-aluminum dry ramming material in the furnace bottom structure layer according to the material data sheet helps to quantify the thermal resistance compensation effect of the joint area. Determining the interface thermal resistance compensation value based on the gap filling density and gap filling thickness helps to eliminate the defect of insufficient modeling of the non-uniformity of the gap filling thickness. Determining the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer based on the thermal resistance increment coefficient, interface thermal resistance compensation value, and basic thermal resistance value,

[0192] In some embodiments, the position of the heating pipe, the cooling pipe, the heat collecting cover, and the exhaust pipe are determined according to the pipeline distribution; the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe is determined according to the material data table and the heating pipe position; the cold air flow rate of the cooling pipe is determined according to the material data table and the cooling pipe position; the two-way heat exchange efficiency is determined according to the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe and the cold air flow rate of the cooling pipe; the waste heat recovery rate of the heat collecting cover is determined according to the material data table and the heat collecting cover position; the waste heat utilization coefficient is determined according to the waste heat recovery rate; the design target data of the electric arc furnace is obtained, and the exhaust gas composition of the exhaust pipe is determined according to the design target data; the heat loss compensation value is determined according to the exhaust gas composition and the exhaust pipe position; the heat exchange efficiency, the waste heat utilization coefficient, and the heat loss compensation value are determined as heat transfer parameters.

[0193] The position of the heating pipe may be the installation coordinate of the pipe for conveying high-temperature hot air in the ore-fired furnace in three-dimensional space.

[0194] The cooling pipe position may be the installation coordinates of the pipe for conveying the cooling medium in the submerged arc furnace in three-dimensional space.

[0195] The heat collecting cover position may be the coordinate of the center point of the device that covers a specific area of ​​the submerged arc furnace to collect waste heat.

[0196] The exhaust pipe position may be the coordinate of an outlet of a pipe through which the reaction waste gas is discharged from the submerged arc furnace.

[0197] The hot air flow rate of the heating pipe can be the actual flow rate of the high-temperature air flow in the heating pipe.

[0198] The cooling air flow rate of the cooling pipe can be the volume flow rate of the cooling medium in the cooling pipe.

[0199] The bidirectional heat exchange efficiency can be the comprehensive heat transfer efficiency under the interaction of hot air and cold air in the heating pipe and the cooling pipe.

[0200] The heat collecting hood may be a covering device for capturing waste heat from a submerged arc furnace.

[0201] The waste heat recovery rate can be the ratio of waste heat to theoretically recoverable waste heat.

[0202] The waste heat utilization coefficient can be the proportion of waste heat resources that are effectively used for temperature control or other processes.

[0203] The design target data may be preset performance indicators that must be met during the operation of the submerged arc furnace.

[0204] The exhaust pipe may be a pipe structure for discharging reaction waste gas in the submerged arc furnace.

[0205] The exhaust gas composition can be the volume or mass concentration of each component in the exhaust gas at the exhaust pipe outlet.

[0206] The heat loss compensation value may be the amount of heat energy lost that is not recovered through waste heat recovery and waste heat utilization.

[0207] Specifically, the pipeline layout annotations in the submerged arc furnace design drawings are analyzed, and the locations of the heating and cooling pipes, heat collector cover, and exhaust pipe are determined using an image recognition algorithm. Based on the heating pipe location, the hot air temperature is matched to the target design data using the inner diameter and surface roughness of the heating pipe as specified in the material data sheet. The theoretical flow velocity is calculated using the Darcy-Weisbach equation for fluid mechanics, assuming steady-state laminar flow. The turbulence correction factor provided in the material data sheet is then added to generate the hot air flow velocity for the heating pipe. Based on the cooling pipe location, the corrosion rate corresponding to the initial inner diameter and current service life of the cooling pipe is read using the age decay parameter in the material data sheet to calculate the actual inner diameter. Based on the cold air temperature and pressure differential in the design target data, the cold air flow rate in the cooling pipe is calculated using Poiseuille's law. Furthermore, the bidirectional heat exchange efficiency is determined based on the hot air flow velocity and the cold air flow rate of the heating and cooling pipes, and the Euclidean distance between the heating and cooling pipe locations. The material data sheet then uses the tube spacing-thermal coupling efficiency mapping table to determine the bidirectional heat exchange efficiency. Based on the position of the heat collecting cover, the intrinsic recovery rate of the corresponding model of the heat collecting cover in the material data table is retrieved; then, the effective recovery correction coefficient is calculated based on the coverage angle; thereby determining the waste heat recovery rate. Subsequently, the waste heat utilization rate index in the design target data is called; the waste heat utilization coefficient is calculated through the deviation between the waste heat recovery rate and the waste heat utilization rate index. Furthermore, the smelting reaction equation and material balance table in the design target data of the submerged arc furnace are obtained; based on the distance between the exhaust pipe and the reaction zone, the exhaust gas composition of the exhaust pipe is determined. Then, according to the position of the exhaust pipe and the composition of the exhaust gas, the gas specific heat capacity-temperature relationship table in the material data table is called to calculate the exhaust sensible heat loss, thereby determining the heat loss compensation value. Finally, the bidirectional heat exchange efficiency, waste heat utilization coefficient, and heat loss compensation value are bound to the corresponding pipeline number and output as structured heat transfer parameters.

[0208] This solution determines the locations of the heating and cooling pipes, heat collector cover, and exhaust pipe based on the pipe layout. This provides a geometric benchmark for hot / cold air flow field analysis and eliminates cross-thermal interference calculation errors caused by ambiguous pipe positions. The hot air velocity of the heating pipe is determined based on the material data sheet and the heating pipe location. This prevents pipe wall overheating and turbulent losses caused by excessive flow rates, ensuring a balance between heating efficiency and pipe life. The cold air flow rate of the cooling pipe is determined based on the material data sheet and the cooling pipe location, eliminating the problem of localized heat dissipation caused by isolated flow rate settings. The bidirectional heat exchange efficiency is determined based on the hot air velocity of the heating pipe and the cold air flow rate of the cooling pipe, helping to reduce errors in split-type heat exchange analysis. The waste heat recovery rate of the heat collector cover is determined based on the material data sheet and the heat collector cover location, overcoming the adaptability limitations of fixed recovery rate models for tilted installation scenarios. The waste heat recovery rate is used to determine the waste heat utilization coefficient, dynamically matching waste heat resources with temperature control requirements and improving waste heat utilization. Obtain the design target data for the submerged arc furnace and, based on this data, determine the exhaust gas composition from the exhaust pipe, eliminating calorific value calculation deviations caused by the assumption of a fixed exhaust composition. Determine the heat loss compensation value based on the exhaust gas composition and exhaust pipe location, providing a dynamic compensation basis for the temperature control strategy. Determine the heat exchange efficiency, waste heat utilization coefficient, and heat loss compensation value as heat transfer parameters, eliminating coupled calculation delays caused by decentralized multi-parameter processing.

[0209] In some embodiments, a partial differential equation of heat conduction is established based on the coupling relationship between structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters; the ideal operating conditions of the submerged arc furnace are determined based on design drawings; the overall physical properties of the submerged arc furnace are determined based on material data sheets; the boundary conditions of the submerged arc furnace are established based on the ideal operating conditions and the overall physical properties; the calculation convergence criterion is determined based on the boundary conditions; and a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established based on the calculation convergence criterion and the partial differential equation of heat conduction.

[0210] The coupling relationship can be the interaction relationship between structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters.

[0211] The partial differential equation of heat conduction can be a mathematical equation for the spatiotemporal evolution of the three-dimensional temperature field of an electric arc furnace.

[0212] The ideal working conditions may be preset smelting process conditions.

[0213] The overall physical properties can be the global attributes of the composite structural layer of the submerged arc furnace during the heat transfer process.

[0214] Boundary conditions can be thermodynamic constraints on the outer surface and specific locations inside the submerged arc furnace.

[0215] The computational convergence criterion can be used to determine whether the iterative process reaches a stable solution when numerically solving the heat conduction equation.

[0216] Specifically, based on Fourier's law of heat conduction and the principle of energy conservation, a three-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction equation was established, combining heat transfer parameters and heat loss compensation values ​​with the structural layer parameters, isotropic thermal conductivity of lightweight bricks, and interfacial thermal resistance of the ramming material from the material data sheet. Subsequently, the dimensions of the submerged arc furnace from the design drawings were analyzed, and then the ideal operating conditions of the submerged arc furnace were set based on the design target data. Furthermore, the overall characteristic parameters of the submerged arc furnace from the material data sheet, such as the equivalent thermal conductivity, dynamic heat capacity product, and interfacial thermal resistance correction factor, were used. Based on the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution characteristics of the arc heat source, the boundary conditions of the submerged arc furnace were established according to the ideal operating conditions and overall physical properties. Based on the boundary conditions, a dual convergence criterion was set; then, the time step was dynamically adjusted according to the CFL condition to determine the computational convergence criterion. Finally, based on the computational convergence criterion and the partial differential equation for heat conduction, the finite volume method was used to spatially discretize the computational domain. The SIMPLE algorithm was used to address the fluid-solid coupled heat transfer equation, and a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace was established.

[0217] Through this solution, based on the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, a partial differential equation for heat conduction is established to eliminate the energy efficiency imbalance caused by the isolated analysis of the heat transfer parameters. According to the design drawings, the ideal operating conditions of the submerged arc furnace are determined to avoid non-physical solutions that exceed the actual capabilities of the equipment during the solution process. According to the material data sheet, the overall physical properties of the submerged arc furnace are determined to achieve quantitative compensation for the impact of ramming material construction errors on the interface thermal resistance. According to the ideal operating conditions and overall physical properties, the boundary conditions of the submerged arc furnace are established to achieve two-way data interaction of fluid-solid coupled heat transfer. According to the boundary conditions, the calculation convergence criteria are determined to avoid calculation oscillation or divergence caused by fixed step size. According to the calculation convergence criteria and the partial differential equation for heat conduction, a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established to achieve the synchronous solution of the heat transfer-flow coupling field.

[0218] In some embodiments, the carbon brick layer is modeled as nonlinear heat conduction, and a first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the carbon brick layer is established based on the structural layer parameters; the lightweight brick layer is modeled as isotropic heat conduction, and a second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the lightweight brick layer is established based on the structural layer parameters; according to the design drawings, an interface thermal resistance model including contact heat transfer parameters is constructed at the ramming material joints of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model; based on the arc position and power parameters in the design drawings, a three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source is determined; according to the working environment parameters of the blast furnace body, a composite boundary condition including gas convection and thermal radiation in the blast furnace is set; and a three-dimensional transient partial differential equation of heat conduction is generated by combining the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the interface thermal resistance model, the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source and the composite boundary conditions.

[0219] The carbon brick layer may be a furnace lining portion composed of carbonaceous refractory material.

[0220] Nonlinear thermal conductivity can be a physical behavior in which the thermal conductivity exhibits nonlinear changes with temperature.

[0221] The first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function may be a mathematical expression describing the change of thermal conductivity of the carbon brick layer with temperature, and includes quadratic polynomial coefficients calibrated through high temperature tests.

[0222] The lightweight brick layer can be a heat-insulating structural layer composed of low-density heat-insulating refractory materials.

[0223] Isotropic thermal conductivity may be the property of a material where the thermal conductivity has the same value in different directions in space.

[0224] The second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function may be a mathematical expression describing the linear variation of the thermal conductivity of the lightweight brick layer with temperature, and includes quadratic polynomial coefficients calibrated through high-temperature tests.

[0225] The ramming mass can be a high-aluminum unshaped refractory material filled in the joints of the structural layers of the submerged arc furnace.

[0226] Contact heat transfer parameters can be physical quantities that characterize the heat transfer characteristics of the interface between ramming material and adjacent materials.

[0227] The interface thermal resistance model can be a dynamic calculation formula that describes the thermal resistance at the joint.

[0228] The arc position may be the three-dimensional coordinates of the arc center point.

[0229] The power parameter may be the rated output power of the arc.

[0230] The three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source can be a function that describes the spatial distribution of the arc heat source.

[0231] The working environment parameters of the submerged arc furnace body may be a set of external working condition data including the ambient temperature, the forced convection coefficient after correction of the pipeline roughness, and the emissivity of the furnace shell surface.

[0232] Gas convection can be a heat transfer process caused by fluid flow between the furnace surface and the external environment.

[0233] Thermal radiation can be the process of heat loss from the furnace surface in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0234] The composite boundary condition can be a heat transfer equation on the outer surface of the furnace that includes both gas convection and thermal radiation effects.

[0235] The three-dimensional transient state can be a heat conduction equation that takes into account the time-varying characteristics of the three-dimensional space coordinates and time variables.

[0236] Specifically, based on the structural layer parameters, the measured temperature-thermal conductivity data for the carbon brick layer was retrieved from the material data sheet to extract the nonlinear thermal conductivity of the thermal conductivity as it changes with temperature. Then, a sigmoid function was used to fit the measured data to determine the inflection point temperature and transition slope, thereby generating the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function for the carbon brick layer. Based on the structural layer parameters, the average thermal conductivity baseline value and temperature correction coefficient for the lightweight brick layer were retrieved from the material data sheet to establish the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function for the lightweight brick layer. The ramming material joint thickness in the design drawings was then analyzed. The benchmark contact thermal resistance and measured contact area ratio of the ramming material-carbon brick interface were retrieved from the material data sheet. Finally, an interface thermal resistance model incorporating contact heat transfer parameters was constructed. A three-dimensional Gaussian distributed heat source was determined based on the arc position, power parameters, and arc radius in the design drawings. The ambient temperature, the forced convection coefficient corrected for pipe roughness, and the furnace shell surface emissivity were retrieved from the furnace operating environment parameter table. Finally, composite boundary conditions were set that included gas convection and thermal radiation in the submerged arc furnace. Furthermore, the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function and the interface thermal resistance model are combined to form a three-dimensional heterogeneous heat conduction equation. Then, a three-dimensional Gaussian heat source is superimposed as an internal heat source term, and composite boundary conditions are applied to finally generate a three-dimensional transient heat conduction partial differential equation.

[0237] Through this solution, the carbon brick layer is modeled as nonlinear heat conduction. According to the structural layer parameters, the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the carbon brick layer is established to eliminate the problem of underestimated thermal conductivity caused by the homogenization assumption and restore the true heat diffusion path. The lightweight brick layer is modeled as isotropic heat conduction. According to the structural layer parameters, the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the lightweight brick layer is established to overcome the defect of the traditional interpolation method that ignores the temperature dependence of the material's thermal conductivity. According to the design drawings, an interface thermal resistance model containing contact heat transfer parameters is constructed at the ramming material joints of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model to accurately quantify the impact of construction errors on interface heat conduction. Based on the arc position and power parameters in the design drawings, the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source is determined to eliminate the smoothing effect of the point source model on the heat flux density peak. According to the working environment parameters of the blast furnace body, a composite boundary condition including gas convection and thermal radiation in the blast furnace is set to eliminate the energy efficiency imbalance problem caused by isolated analysis. Combining the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the interface thermal resistance model, the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source and the composite boundary conditions, a three-dimensional transient heat conduction partial differential equation is generated to achieve a refined coupling analysis of the heat conduction characteristics between different material layers, providing a physical driving basis for the regional temperature control priority division.

[0238] In some embodiments, based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, according to the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks, an arc heat source distribution model is established; according to the design drawings, the cooling pipe layout angle is determined; based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, according to the cooling pipe layout angle and the cooling pipe position, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is calculated; according to the material data sheet, the high temperature resistance of the secondary refractory bricks is determined; based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, according to the high temperature resistance, the heat flux density threshold is determined; according to the arc heat source distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency and the heat flux density threshold, the regional heat conduction characteristics of the electric arc furnace are determined.

[0239] The arc heat source distribution model may be a heat source mathematical model used to characterize the spatial distribution characteristics of the heat flux density of the arc heat source in the ore-fired furnace.

[0240] The cooling pipe arrangement angle may be an inclination angle of the cooling pipe to the horizontal reference plane of the submerged arc furnace when the cooling pipe is installed.

[0241] The forced convection heat transfer efficiency can be the convection coefficient corrected by the cooling tube layout angle, position and pipe roughness.

[0242] The secondary refractory bricks can be a refractory material layer located between the coke brick layer and the lightweight brick layer in the multi-layer composite structure of the submerged arc furnace.

[0243] High temperature resistance can be a parameter of the ability of secondary refractory bricks to maintain structural integrity in high temperature environments.

[0244] The heat flux density threshold may be a safety boundary value dynamically set based on the high temperature resistance performance of the secondary refractory bricks.

[0245] Specifically, based on the temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the carbon brick layer in the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the high-temperature conductivity parameters of the carbon brick layer are retrieved from the material data sheet. The arc center coordinates, rated power, and arc radius are then analyzed from the design drawings. Furthermore, the arc heat source distribution model is constructed by combining the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks with the arc power parameters. The installation angle, tube spacing, and tube diameter of the cooling tubes in the design drawings are analyzed to determine the cooling tube layout angle. Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the density, specific heat capacity, and design flow rate of the cooling medium are retrieved from the material data sheet according to the cooling tube layout angle and location. The Nusselt number is then calculated using the inclined pipe convection heat transfer correlation, and the forced convection heat transfer coefficient is derived. The temperature tolerance of the secondary refractory bricks is obtained from the material data sheet. Furthermore, based on the transient heat flux density distribution of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the high-temperature resistance performance, a heat flux threshold is set. The arc heat source distribution model and three-dimensional temperature field data are superimposed to calibrate the high-temperature area in the furnace. Then, the high-efficiency heat dissipation area and the low-efficiency heat dissipation area are divided according to the spatial distribution of the forced convection heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, the heat flux density is compared with the heat flux density threshold, and the over-limit area is marked as the thermal stress risk area. Finally, the high-temperature area, high-efficiency heat dissipation area, low-efficiency heat dissipation area and thermal stress risk area in the furnace are integrated to generate the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace.

[0246] This solution establishes an arc heat source distribution model based on a three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the thermal conductivity of coke bricks, eliminating heat flux prediction errors in high-temperature areas caused by the cylindrical / uniform heat source assumption. Based on the design drawings, the cooling tube layout angle is determined, clarifying the spatial relative position of the cooling tubes to the arc heat source and structural layers, thereby avoiding errors in heat transfer path modeling caused by simplified geometric parameters. Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is calculated based on the cooling tube layout angle and position. Actual flow resistance losses are converted into a heat transfer efficiency attenuation factor, eliminating the overestimation of heat transfer efficiency under the ideal smooth pipe assumption. Based on the material data sheet, the high-temperature resistance of secondary refractory bricks is determined, and a dual-metric safety criterion for heat flux and temperature is established, overcoming the limitations of a single temperature threshold. Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, a heat flux threshold is determined based on the high-temperature resistance, dynamically identifying high-risk units impending material failure or thermal stress concentration, and reflecting the dynamic impact of material phase changes on heat flux distribution. Based on the arc heat source distribution model, forced convection heat transfer efficiency and heat flux density threshold, the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined to guide the cooling tube group control strategy and achieve a balanced optimization of waste heat recovery rate and temperature control energy consumption.

[0247] In some embodiments, pressure sensor data of the electric arc furnace is obtained; the cross-interference factor of the heating pipe and the cooling pipe is determined based on the pressure sensor data, the position of the heating pipe, the position of the cooling pipe, and the layout angle of the cooling pipe; the natural convection driving force is calculated based on the density difference between the hot air and the cold air; the pipeline roughness is determined based on the material data sheet; the flow resistance correction coefficient is determined based on the pipeline roughness; based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is calculated based on the cross-interference factor, the natural convection driving force and the flow resistance correction coefficient.

[0248] The pressure sensing data may be a set of dynamic pressure values ​​measured in real time by a pressure sensor array in the area where the heating pipe and the cooling pipe are located in the ore-generating furnace.

[0249] The heating pipe can be a pipe for conveying hot air or other high-temperature media.

[0250] The cooling pipe can be a pipe for conveying cold air or other low-temperature media.

[0251] The cross interference factor can be a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the flow mutual interference intensity caused by the spatial layout of the heating pipe and the cooling pipe.

[0252] The density difference may be the difference in density between hot air and cold air.

[0253] The driving force of natural convection can be the buoyancy force generated by the combined action of density difference and gravitational acceleration.

[0254] Pipe roughness can be a measured parameter of the microscopic unevenness of the inner wall surface of a cooling pipe or a heating pipe.

[0255] The flow resistance correction coefficient may be a correction factor used to quantify the actual effect of the flow resistance in the pipeline on the forced convection heat transfer efficiency.

[0256] Specifically, the pressure sensor array pre-buried in the heating pipe outlet, cooling pipe inlet and furnace cavity area of ​​the electric arc furnace is used to collect pressure sensor data in the area where the heating pipe and cooling pipe are located in real time. Then, according to the position of the heating pipe, the position of the cooling pipe and the layout angle of the cooling pipe, a spatial position relationship matrix is ​​established, and the airflow interference intensity between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe is analyzed by the dynamic change of the pressure sensor data to generate a cross-interference factor. Furthermore, based on the difference between the hot air density and the cold air density, combined with the acceleration of gravity and the volume of the furnace cavity gap, the natural convection driving force is calculated. Subsequently, the roughness corresponding to the cooling pipe material is extracted from the material data table. Based on the pipe roughness and the hydraulic diameter of the pipe, the relative roughness is calculated. Combined with the Reynolds number calculated by the actual measured data of the flow velocity sensor and the fluid physical parameters, the friction factor is correlated using the Colebrook-White equation to generate a flow resistance correction coefficient. Finally, the cross-interference factor, natural convection driving force and flow resistance correction coefficient are input into the three-dimensional temperature distribution model. Combined with the cooling tube layout angle, the heating tube position and the cooling tube position, the local convection heat transfer coefficient is calculated through the modified Nusselt number correlation and the fluid thermal conductivity dynamically obtained by the real-time gas analyzer, and finally the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is output.

[0257] This solution captures pressure sensor data from the submerged arc furnace, eliminating temperature field interpolation errors caused by reliance on sparse temperature measurement points and enhancing the physical drive of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model. Based on pressure sensor data, the locations of the heating and cooling pipes, as well as the pipe layout angles, the cross-interference factor between the heating and cooling pipes is determined. This overcomes the limitations of separate analysis of the heating and cooling stages, directly corrects for deviations in convective heat transfer efficiency caused by the spatial cross-layout of the pipes, and enables dynamic coupled modeling of heat transfer parameters. The driving force for natural convection is calculated based on the density difference between the hot and cold air streams, compensating for the drawback of relying solely on forced convection while ignoring the effects of density gradient-driven natural convection. This improves the synergy between waste heat recovery and the exchange of hot and cold media. Pipe roughness is determined based on the material datasheet, providing basic parameters for flow resistance correction, eliminating the crude modeling issues caused by not correcting the flow resistance coefficient for roughness, and ensuring that the forced convection heat transfer efficiency calculation is consistent with the actual pipe friction loss characteristics. A flow resistance correction factor is determined based on the pipe roughness, eliminating errors in forced convection heat transfer rate prediction caused by ignoring the effects of roughness. Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is calculated according to the cross-interference factor, natural convection driving force and flow resistance correction coefficient, breaking through the problem of local thermal stress out of control caused by the failure to divide the temperature control priority areas.

[0258] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a temperature control system for an electric arc furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3As shown, the submerged arc furnace temperature control system 300 of this embodiment includes: a drawing analysis module 301 , a model establishment module 302 , and a feature determination module 303 .

[0259] The drawing analysis module 301 is used to obtain the design drawings of the submerged arc furnace, analyze the design drawings, and determine the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace;

[0260] A model building module 302 is used to build a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters;

[0261] The characteristic determination module 303 is used to determine the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model.

[0262] Optionally, when the drawing analysis module 301 analyzes the design drawing to determine the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace, it is used to:

[0263] Analyze the design drawings to determine the internal structure of the submerged arc furnace;

[0264] Based on the furnace structure, a material data sheet is retrieved, and structural layer parameters are determined according to the material data sheet;

[0265] The furnace structure is analyzed to determine the pipe distribution, and the heat transfer parameters are determined based on the pipe distribution and the material data sheet.

[0266] Optionally, when determining the structural layer parameters according to the material data sheet, the drawing analysis module 301 is configured to:

[0267] Analyze the furnace structure to determine the furnace bottom structure layer, furnace cavity structure layer and composite structure layer;

[0268] Analyzing the furnace bottom structural layer to determine material distribution characteristics;

[0269] Based on the material data table and according to the material distribution characteristics, determining the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer;

[0270] Analyze the furnace cavity structure layer to determine the furnace cavity geometric parameters;

[0271] Determining a heat diffusion path of the furnace cavity structure layer based on the material data table and the furnace cavity geometric parameters;

[0272] Analyzing the composite structural layer based on the material data sheet to determine joint filling characteristics;

[0273] determining the thermal stress distribution of the composite structure layer according to the joint filling characteristics;

[0274] The thermal resistance gradient, the heat diffusion path and the thermal stress distribution are determined as the structural layer parameters.

[0275] Optionally, when determining the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer based on the material data table and the material distribution characteristics, the drawing analysis module 301 is configured to:

[0276] Analyze the design drawings to determine the design thickness of the coke bricks, the design thickness of the insulation cotton, the first thermal conductivity of the tri-polymer lightweight bricks, and the second thermal conductivity of the first-level lightweight bricks;

[0277] Determine the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks and the thermal insulation cotton according to the material data sheet;

[0278] Determine the basic thermal resistance value according to the designed thickness of the coke brick, the designed thickness of the thermal insulation cotton, the thermal conductivity of the coke brick, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation cotton;

[0279] determining a thermal resistance increment coefficient according to a thermal conductivity difference between the first thermal conductivity and the second thermal conductivity;

[0280] Determine the filling density and thickness of the high-aluminum dry ramming material for the furnace bottom structural layer according to the material data sheet;

[0281] Determining an interface thermal resistance compensation value according to the gap filling density and the gap filling thickness;

[0282] The thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer is determined according to the thermal resistance increment coefficient, the interface thermal resistance compensation value, and the basic thermal resistance value.

[0283] Optionally, when determining heat transfer parameters based on the pipeline distribution and the material data sheet, the drawing analysis module 301 is configured to:

[0284] According to the pipeline distribution, determine the position of the heating pipe, the cooling pipe, the heat collecting cover, and the exhaust pipe;

[0285] Determine the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe according to the material data sheet and the position of the heating pipe;

[0286] Determine the cooling air flow rate of the cooling pipe according to the material data sheet and the cooling pipe position;

[0287] Determine the bidirectional heat exchange efficiency based on the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe and the cold air flow rate of the cooling pipe;

[0288] Determining a waste heat recovery rate of the heat collecting cover according to the material data table and the position of the heat collecting cover;

[0289] Determining a waste heat utilization coefficient based on the waste heat recovery rate;

[0290] Acquiring design target data of the submerged arc furnace, and determining exhaust gas composition of the exhaust pipe according to the design target data;

[0291] determining a heat loss compensation value according to the exhaust gas composition and the exhaust pipe position;

[0292] The heat exchange efficiency, the waste heat utilization coefficient, and the heat loss compensation value are determined as heat transfer parameters.

[0293] Optionally, when the model building module 302 builds the three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, it is used to:

[0294] According to the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, the partial differential equation of heat conduction is established;

[0295] Determine the ideal operating conditions of the submerged arc furnace according to the design drawings;

[0296] Determining overall physical properties of the submerged arc furnace based on the material data sheet;

[0297] Establishing boundary conditions of the submerged arc furnace according to the ideal working conditions and the overall physical properties;

[0298] Determining a calculation convergence criterion based on the boundary conditions;

[0299] A three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established according to the calculation convergence criterion and the heat conduction partial differential equation.

[0300] Optionally, when the model building module 302 builds the heat conduction partial differential equation according to the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, it is used to:

[0301] The carbon brick layer is modeled as a nonlinear heat conductor, and a first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the carbon brick layer is established according to the structural layer parameters;

[0302] The lightweight brick layer is modeled as isotropically conductive, and a second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the lightweight brick layer is established according to the structural layer parameters;

[0303] According to the design drawings, an interface thermal resistance model including contact heat transfer parameters is constructed at the ramming material joints of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model;

[0304] Determining a three-dimensional Gaussian distributed heat source based on arc position and power parameters in the design drawing;

[0305] According to the working environment parameters of the submerged arc furnace, composite boundary conditions including gas convection and heat radiation in the submerged arc furnace are set;

[0306] A three-dimensional transient heat conduction partial differential equation is generated by combining the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the interface thermal resistance model, the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source and the composite boundary condition.

[0307] Optionally, when determining the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the characteristic determination module 303 is configured to:

[0308] Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks, an arc heat source distribution model is established;

[0309] Determine the cooling pipe layout angle according to the design drawings;

[0310] Calculating the forced convection heat transfer efficiency based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the cooling tube layout angle and the cooling tube position;

[0311] Determine the high temperature resistance of the secondary refractory bricks according to the material data sheet;

[0312] Determining a heat flux threshold based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the high temperature resistance performance;

[0313] The regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined according to the arc heat source distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency, and the heat flux density threshold.

[0314] Optionally, when calculating the forced convection heat transfer efficiency based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the cooling tube layout angle, and the cooling tube position, the feature determination module 303 is configured to:

[0315] Acquiring pressure sensor data of the submerged arc furnace;

[0316] Determine the cross interference factor between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe according to the pressure sensor data, the position of the heating pipe, the position of the cooling pipe, and the layout angle of the cooling pipe;

[0317] Calculate the driving force of natural convection based on the density difference between hot air and cold air;

[0318] Determine the pipe roughness according to the material data sheet;

[0319] determining a flow resistance correction coefficient according to the pipeline roughness;

[0320] Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is calculated according to the cross interference factor, the natural convection driving force and the flow resistance correction coefficient.

[0321] The system of this embodiment can be used to execute the method of any of the above embodiments. Its implementation principles and technical effects are similar and will not be described in detail here.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the temperature of an electric arc furnace, characterized in that: include: Obtaining a design drawing of a submerged arc furnace, analyzing the design drawing, and determining structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace; Establishing a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters; The regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The analyzing the design drawings to determine the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace includes: Analyze the design drawings to determine the internal structure of the submerged arc furnace; Based on the furnace structure, a material data sheet is retrieved, and structural layer parameters are determined according to the material data sheet; The furnace structure is analyzed to determine the pipe distribution, and the heat transfer parameters are determined based on the pipe distribution and the material data sheet.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Determining structural layer parameters according to the material data sheet includes: Analyze the furnace structure to determine the furnace bottom structure layer, furnace cavity structure layer and composite structure layer; Analyzing the furnace bottom structural layer to determine material distribution characteristics; Based on the material data table and according to the material distribution characteristics, determining the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer; Analyze the furnace cavity structure layer to determine the furnace cavity geometric parameters; Determining a heat diffusion path of the furnace cavity structure layer based on the material data table and the furnace cavity geometric parameters; Analyzing the composite structural layer based on the material data sheet to determine joint filling characteristics; determining the thermal stress distribution of the composite structure layer according to the joint filling characteristics; The thermal resistance gradient, the heat diffusion path and the thermal stress distribution are determined as the structural layer parameters.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The determining the thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer based on the material data table and according to the material distribution characteristics includes: Analyze the design drawings to determine the design thickness of the coke bricks, the design thickness of the insulation cotton, the first thermal conductivity of the tri-polymer lightweight bricks, and the second thermal conductivity of the first-level lightweight bricks; Determine the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks and the thermal insulation cotton according to the material data sheet; Determine the basic thermal resistance value according to the designed thickness of the coke brick, the designed thickness of the thermal insulation cotton, the thermal conductivity of the coke brick, and the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation cotton; determining a thermal resistance increment coefficient according to a thermal conductivity difference between the first thermal conductivity and the second thermal conductivity; Determine the filling density and thickness of the high-aluminum dry ramming material for the furnace bottom structural layer according to the material data sheet; Determining an interface thermal resistance compensation value according to the gap filling density and the gap filling thickness; The thermal resistance gradient of the furnace bottom structure layer is determined according to the thermal resistance increment coefficient, the interface thermal resistance compensation value, and the basic thermal resistance value.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The determining of heat transfer parameters according to the pipeline distribution and the material data table includes: According to the pipeline distribution, determine the position of the heating pipe, the cooling pipe, the heat collecting cover, and the exhaust pipe; Determine the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe according to the material data sheet and the position of the heating pipe; Determine the cooling air flow rate of the cooling pipe according to the material data sheet and the cooling pipe position; Determine the bidirectional heat exchange efficiency based on the hot air flow rate of the heating pipe and the cold air flow rate of the cooling pipe; Determining a waste heat recovery rate of the heat collecting cover according to the material data table and the position of the heat collecting cover; Determining a waste heat utilization coefficient based on the waste heat recovery rate; Acquiring design target data of the submerged arc furnace, and determining exhaust gas composition of the exhaust pipe according to the design target data; determining a heat loss compensation value according to the exhaust gas composition and the exhaust pipe position; The heat exchange efficiency, the waste heat utilization coefficient, and the heat loss compensation value are determined as heat transfer parameters.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The step of establishing a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters includes: According to the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, the partial differential equation of heat conduction is established; Determine the ideal operating conditions of the submerged arc furnace according to the design drawings; Determining overall physical properties of the submerged arc furnace based on the material data sheet; Establishing boundary conditions of the submerged arc furnace according to the ideal working conditions and the overall physical properties; Determining a calculation convergence criterion based on the boundary conditions; A three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace is established according to the calculation convergence criterion and the heat conduction partial differential equation.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The heat conduction partial differential equation is established based on the coupling relationship between the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters, including: The carbon brick layer is modeled as a nonlinear heat conductor, and a first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the carbon brick layer is established according to the structural layer parameters; The lightweight brick layer is modeled as isotropically conductive, and a second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function of the lightweight brick layer is established according to the structural layer parameters; According to the design drawings, an interface thermal resistance model including contact heat transfer parameters is constructed at the ramming material joints of the three-dimensional temperature distribution model; Determining a three-dimensional Gaussian distributed heat source based on arc position and power parameters in the design drawing; According to the working environment parameters of the submerged arc furnace, composite boundary conditions including gas convection and heat radiation in the submerged arc furnace are set; A three-dimensional transient heat conduction partial differential equation is generated by combining the first temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the second temperature-dependent thermal conductivity function, the interface thermal resistance model, the three-dimensional Gaussian distribution heat source and the composite boundary condition.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that Determining the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model includes: Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the thermal conductivity of the coke bricks, an arc heat source distribution model is established; Determine the cooling pipe layout angle according to the design drawings; Calculating the forced convection heat transfer efficiency based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the cooling tube layout angle and the cooling tube position; Determine the high temperature resistance of the secondary refractory bricks according to the material data sheet; Determining a heat flux threshold based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and the high temperature resistance performance; The regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace are determined according to the arc heat source distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency, and the heat flux density threshold.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The calculating of the forced convection heat transfer efficiency based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model and according to the cooling tube layout angle and the cooling tube position includes: Acquiring pressure sensor data of the submerged arc furnace; Determine the cross interference factor between the heating pipe and the cooling pipe according to the pressure sensor data, the position of the heating pipe, the position of the cooling pipe, and the layout angle of the cooling pipe; Calculate the driving force of natural convection based on the density difference between hot air and cold air; Determine the pipe roughness according to the material data sheet; determining a flow resistance correction coefficient according to the pipeline roughness; Based on the three-dimensional temperature distribution model, the forced convection heat transfer efficiency is calculated according to the cross interference factor, the natural convection driving force and the flow resistance correction coefficient.

10. A temperature control system for an electric arc furnace, characterized in that: The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises: A drawing analysis module is used to obtain the design drawings of the submerged arc furnace, analyze the design drawings, and determine the structural layer parameters and heat transfer parameters of the submerged arc furnace; A model building module, used to build a three-dimensional temperature distribution model of the submerged arc furnace according to the structural layer parameters and the heat transfer parameters; The characteristic determination module is used to determine the regional heat conduction characteristics of the submerged arc furnace according to the three-dimensional temperature distribution model.

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