Dynamic blasting parameter adjusting method based on vibration signal analysis in strip mine blasting

Abstract

The invention discloses a blasting parameter dynamic adjustment method based on vibration signal analysis in strip mine blasting, which comprises the following steps of: S1, arranging a plurality of vibration monitoring instruments on a strip mine blasting site, and acquiring vibration velocity, frequency, vibration duration and monitoring point position information of a blasting vibration signal; s2, calculating characteristic parameters such as instantaneous frequency, amplitude and phase of the signal in combination with Hilbert conversion, and decomposing the collected original vibration signal by using a signal processing algorithm; s3, constructing a blasting effect evaluation model by integrating factors such as muck pile lumpiness distribution, root conditions, dust concentration and the like; and S4, a blasting parameter dynamic adjustment strategy is formulated according to the incidence relation between the vibration signal characteristic parameters and the blasting effect. According to the method, the actual information in the blasting process can be timely and accurately obtained, a reliable basis is provided for dynamic adjustment of blasting parameters, the blasting effect is remarkably improved, the lumpiness of a muck pile is more uniform, the generation of roots is reduced, and dust pollution is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of open-pit mine blasting, and in particular to a method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting. Background Art

[0002] In open-pit blasting operations, the blasting effect directly impacts the mine's production efficiency, costs, and surrounding environmental safety. Currently, traditional blasting parameter design is often based on experience or simple theoretical calculations, making it difficult to adapt to complex and changing geological conditions and actual blasting requirements. This often leads to problems after blasting, such as uneven blast pile size, numerous root formations, and excessive blasting vibration. Uneven blast pile size increases the difficulty of subsequent shoveling and transportation, increasing production costs; numerous root formations require secondary blasting, which not only wastes resources but also impacts mining progress; and excessive blasting vibration can pose a threat to surrounding buildings, facilities, and personnel safety.

[0003] With the development of blasting technology, vibration signal analysis technology has gradually been applied to blasting engineering. By monitoring and analyzing blasting vibration signals, rich information about the blasting process can be obtained, such as the energy release pattern of explosives and the degree of rock fragmentation. However, the application of existing vibration signal analysis technology in open-pit mine blasting is not perfect. It fails to fully utilize the information contained in the vibration signal to realize dynamic adjustment of blasting parameters and cannot optimize blasting plans according to actual blasting conditions in real time, which limits the further development of open-pit mine blasting technology. To better address this problem, we propose a dynamic adjustment method for blasting parameters in open-pit mine blasting based on vibration signal analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters in open-pit mine blasting based on vibration signal analysis comprises the following steps: S1. Arrange multiple vibration monitoring instruments at the open-pit mine blasting site to collect the vibration speed, frequency, vibration duration and monitoring point location information of the blasting vibration signal; S2. Calculate the characteristic parameters of the signal such as instantaneous frequency, amplitude and phase by combining Hilbert transform, and decompose the collected original vibration signal by using signal processing algorithm; S3. Build a blasting effect evaluation model based on factors such as blast pile size distribution, foundation conditions, and dust concentration; S4. Formulate a dynamic adjustment strategy for blasting parameters based on the correlation between the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal and the blasting effect; S5. Establish a real-time feedback system to adjust and continuously optimize blasting parameters in real time based on monitoring and analysis results.

[0006] Preferably, the vibration monitoring instrument in step S1 is a TC-4850 blasting vibrometer and a matching three-vector sensor, which are arranged on a flat plate at different positions away from the blasting area, with a distance between adjacent instruments of 15m, a sampling frequency of 50KHz, and a recording time of 5s.

[0007] Preferably, the signal processing algorithm in step S2 is a CEEMDAN algorithm, which is used to decompose the original vibration signal to obtain multiple intrinsic mode function components.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, the blast pile size distribution is analyzed using Split-Desktop software, the foundation conditions are determined through on-site observation and measurement, the dust concentration and diffusion range are analyzed using MATLAB software, and a blasting effect evaluation model is constructed, in which the weight of the blast pile size is 0.5, the weight of the foundation conditions is 0.3, and the weight of the dust concentration is 0.2.

[0009] Preferably, in step S4, when the vibration signal shows uneven energy distribution, the charge structure is adjusted, the interval length of the water medium or the air medium is changed, and the position of the charge column is adjusted.

[0010] Preferably, in step S4, when the vibration frequency is too high, the detonation sequence and delay time are adjusted, and a hole-by-hole delayed detonation method is adopted.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the explosive consumption is adjusted according to the rock mass properties and vibration signal feedback.

[0012] Preferably, in step S5, the real-time feedback system transmits the vibration signal monitoring data and the blasting effect evaluation results to the blasting command center in real time, and adjusts the parameters of the blasting equipment through the automatic control system.

[0013] Preferably, in step S5, the vibration signal and the blasting effect are continuously monitored during the subsequent blasting operation, and the blasting parameters are analyzed and adjusted again to form a closed-loop control.

[0014] Preferably, in step S5, a historical blasting data database is established to store the vibration signal data, blasting parameters, and blasting effect evaluation results of each blasting. By mining and analyzing historical data, a reference basis and empirical support are provided for the adjustment of current blasting parameters. A data mining algorithm is used to analyze the potential relationship between different geological conditions, blasting parameters and blasting effects in the historical data.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. In the present invention, through real-time monitoring and in-depth analysis of blasting vibration signals, the actual information of the blasting process can be obtained in a timely and accurate manner, providing a reliable basis for the dynamic adjustment of blasting parameters, significantly improving the blasting effect, making the blasting pile more uniform, reducing the generation of roots, and reducing dust pollution.

[0016] 2. In the present invention, the dynamic adjustment method of blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis can effectively control the blasting vibration intensity, reduce the safety threat to surrounding buildings, facilities and personnel, and ensure safe production in open-pit mines.

[0017] 3. The present invention achieves dynamic optimization of blasting parameters, which can improve explosive utilization, reduce explosive waste, lower open-pit mining costs, and improve the economic benefits of the mine. It has strong adaptability and can be flexibly adjusted according to different geological conditions and blasting requirements, promoting the intelligent development of open-pit mine blasting technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting proposed by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0020] Reference Figure 1 A method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting comprises the following steps: S1. Arrange multiple vibration monitoring instruments at the open-pit mine blasting site to collect the vibration speed, frequency, vibration duration and monitoring point location information of the blasting vibration signal; S2. Calculate the characteristic parameters of the signal such as instantaneous frequency, amplitude and phase by combining Hilbert transform, and decompose the collected original vibration signal by using signal processing algorithm; S3. Build a blasting effect evaluation model based on factors such as blast pile size distribution, foundation conditions, and dust concentration; S4. Formulate a dynamic adjustment strategy for blasting parameters based on the correlation between the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal and the blasting effect; S5. Establish a real-time feedback system to adjust and continuously optimize blasting parameters in real time based on monitoring and analysis results.

[0021] The vibration monitoring instrument in step S1 is a TC-4850 blasting vibrometer and a matching three-vector sensor, which are arranged on a flat plate at different locations from the blasting area. The distance between adjacent instruments is 15m, the sampling frequency is 50KHz, and the recording time is 5s.

[0022] The signal processing algorithm in step S2 is the CEEMDAN algorithm, which is used to decompose the original vibration signal to obtain multiple intrinsic mode function components.

[0023] In step S3, the Split-Desktop software is used to analyze the distribution of blast pile size, the foundation conditions are determined through on-site observation and measurement, and the dust concentration and diffusion range are analyzed using MATLAB software to construct a blasting effect evaluation model, with the weight of the blast pile size ratio being 0.5, the foundation conditions weight being 0.3, and the dust concentration weight being 0.2.

[0024] In step S4, when the vibration signal shows uneven energy distribution, the charge structure is adjusted, the interval length of the water medium or the air medium is changed, and the position of the charge column is adjusted.

[0025] In step S4, when the vibration frequency is too high, the detonation sequence and delay time are adjusted, and a hole-by-hole delayed detonation method is adopted.

[0026] In step S4, the explosive consumption is adjusted according to the rock mass properties and vibration signal feedback.

[0027] In step S5, the real-time feedback system transmits the vibration signal monitoring data and blasting effect evaluation results to the blasting command center in real time, and adjusts the parameters of the blasting equipment through the automatic control system.

[0028] In step S5, the vibration signal and blasting effect are continuously monitored during the subsequent blasting operation, and the blasting parameters are analyzed and adjusted again to form a closed-loop control.

[0029] In step S5, a historical blasting data database is established to store the vibration signal data, blasting parameters, and blasting effect evaluation results of each blasting. By mining and analyzing historical data, a reference basis and empirical support are provided for the adjustment of current blasting parameters. A data mining algorithm is used to analyze the potential relationship between different geological conditions, blasting parameters, and blasting effects in historical data.

[0030] Working principle: Multiple vibration monitoring instruments are deployed at open-pit mine blasting sites to collect information on the blasting vibration signal's velocity, frequency, duration, and monitoring point locations. At one open-pit mine blasting site, five TC-4850 blasting vibrometers were deployed on a flat plate at various distances from the blasting area (e.g., 30m, 50m, 80m, etc.), based on the mine's topography, geological conditions, and the extent of the blasting zone. Adjacent instruments were spaced 15m apart. Three-vector sensors were securely mounted at pre-processed ground locations to ensure close contact with the ground and minimize signal interference. The vibrometers were set to a sampling frequency of 50 kHz and a recording duration of 5 seconds to comprehensively capture the blasting vibration signal. During each blasting operation, all vibrometers were activated simultaneously to record parameters such as the vibration signal's velocity, frequency, and duration in real time, and the coordinates of the monitoring points were accurately recorded.

[0031] The Hilbert transform is used to calculate characteristic parameters of the signal, such as instantaneous frequency, amplitude, and phase. Signal processing algorithms are then used to decompose the collected raw vibration signal. The signal is then transferred to a dedicated data processing computer and decomposed using the CEEMDAN algorithm in MATLAB software. Decomposition parameters, such as the added Gaussian white noise coefficient and the number of decompositions, are set to ensure the accuracy of the decomposition results. After CEEMDAN decomposition, several IMF components are obtained. A Hilbert transform is performed on each IMF component to calculate its instantaneous frequency, amplitude, and phase. By analyzing these characteristic parameters, a time-frequency plot is plotted to visually display the energy distribution of the vibration signal at different times and frequencies. For example, after a blast, the time-frequency plot revealed that the vibration signal had concentrated energy in a certain frequency band, which lasted for a short period of time. This frequency band was initially associated with the instantaneous release of explosive energy.

[0032] A blasting effectiveness evaluation model was constructed by integrating factors such as blast pile fragmentation distribution, foundation conditions, and dust concentration. After blasting, high-definition cameras were used to photograph the blast pile from multiple angles and imported into Split Desktop software. Within the software, reference objects (such as a 24.6 cm diameter basketball) were marked to delineate rock fragmentation boundaries. The fragmentation of the blast pile was analyzed, and the proportion of fragments of different sizes (e.g., <10 cm, 10-30 cm, 30-50 cm, 50-70 cm, and >70 cm) was determined. Furthermore, professional personnel were assigned to inspect the site after blasting to determine the presence and distribution of foundation rock. Dust monitoring equipment was used to obtain post-blast dust concentration data. The dust images were grayscale processed and rendered using MATLAB software to analyze the dust diffusion range. Based on this data, a blasting effectiveness evaluation model was constructed using a specific weighting principle (e.g., 0.5 for blast pile fragmentation, 0.3 for foundation conditions, and 0.2 for dust concentration) to calculate a comprehensive effectiveness score for each blasting operation.

[0033] Develop a dynamic blasting parameter adjustment strategy based on the correlation between vibration signal characteristic parameters and blasting effectiveness: A blasting parameter adjustment plan is developed based on vibration signal characteristic parameters and blasting effectiveness evaluation results. If the blast pile is uneven and the vibration signal shows energy concentrated in certain areas, increase the water medium interval length to achieve more even distribution of explosive energy and improve rock fragmentation. For example, if the original water medium interval length is 1m, adjust it to 1.5m. If blasting vibration is excessive, adjust the detonation sequence and delay time, using a hole-by-hole delayed detonation method. Adjust the inter-hole delay from 16ms to 25ms and the inter-row delay from 40ms to 65ms to reduce vibration intensity. Based on rock mass properties and vibration signal feedback, if the explosives consumption per unit is found to be too high, reduce it appropriately, for example, from 0.37kg / m³ to 0.34kg / m³. Simultaneously, monitor the blasting results to ensure that mining requirements are met.

[0034] A real-time feedback system was established to adjust and continuously optimize blasting parameters based on monitoring and analysis results. A real-time communication system was established to transmit vibration signal monitoring data and blasting effect evaluation results to the blasting command center in real time. Based on this feedback, command center staff adjusted blasting equipment parameters using an automated control system. During subsequent blasting operations, vibration signals and blasting results were continuously monitored. If the adjusted results were still unsatisfactory, further analysis and adjustments were performed until the optimal blasting effect was achieved. This real-time feedback and adjustment mechanism continuously optimized blasting parameters, improving the quality and efficiency of open-pit mine blasting.

[0035] The present invention can timely and accurately obtain actual information during the blasting process through real-time monitoring and in-depth analysis of blasting vibration signals, provide a reliable basis for the dynamic adjustment of blasting parameters, significantly improve the blasting effect, make the blasting pile more uniform, reduce the generation of roots, and reduce dust pollution. The dynamic adjustment method of blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis can effectively control the blasting vibration intensity, reduce the safety threat to surrounding buildings, facilities and personnel, and ensure the safe production of open-pit mines. The dynamic optimization of blasting parameters can improve the utilization rate of explosives, reduce explosives waste, reduce the cost of open-pit mining, and improve the economic benefits of the mine. At the same time, the method has strong adaptability and can be flexibly adjusted according to different geological conditions and blasting requirements, promoting the intelligent development of open-pit blasting technology.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Arrange multiple vibration monitoring instruments at the open-pit mine blasting site to collect the vibration speed, frequency, vibration duration and monitoring point location information of the blasting vibration signal; S2. Calculate the characteristic parameters of the signal such as instantaneous frequency, amplitude and phase by combining Hilbert transform, and decompose the collected original vibration signal by using signal processing algorithm; S3. Build a blasting effect evaluation model based on factors such as blast pile size distribution, foundation conditions, and dust concentration; S4. Formulate a dynamic adjustment strategy for blasting parameters based on the correlation between the characteristic parameters of the vibration signal and the blasting effect; S5. Establish a real-time feedback system to adjust and continuously optimize blasting parameters in real time based on monitoring and analysis results.

2. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vibration monitoring instrument in step S1 is a TC-4850 blasting vibrometer and a matching three-vector sensor, which are arranged on a flat plate at different positions away from the blasting area, with a distance of 15m between adjacent instruments, a sampling frequency of 50KHz, and a recording time of 5s.

3. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal processing algorithm in step S2 is the CEEMDAN algorithm, which is used to decompose the original vibration signal to obtain multiple intrinsic mode function components.

4. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the blast pile size distribution is analyzed using Split-Desktop software, the foundation conditions are determined through on-site observation and measurement, the dust concentration and diffusion range are analyzed using MATLAB software, and a blasting effect evaluation model is constructed, in which the weight of the blast pile size is 0.5, the weight of the foundation conditions is 0.3, and the weight of the dust concentration is 0.

2.

5. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when the vibration signal shows uneven energy distribution, the charge structure is adjusted, the interval length of the water medium or the air medium is changed, and the position of the charge column is adjusted.

6. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when the vibration frequency is too high, the detonation sequence and delay time are adjusted, and a hole-by-hole delayed detonation method is adopted.

7. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the explosive consumption is adjusted according to the rock mass properties and vibration signal feedback.

8. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the real-time feedback system transmits the vibration signal monitoring data and the blasting effect evaluation results to the blasting command center in real time, and adjusts the parameters of the blasting equipment through the automatic control system.

9. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the vibration signal and the blasting effect are continuously monitored during the subsequent blasting operation, and the blasting parameters are analyzed and adjusted again to form a closed-loop control.

10. The method for dynamically adjusting blasting parameters based on vibration signal analysis in open-pit mine blasting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, a historical blasting data database is established to store the vibration signal data, blasting parameters, and blasting effect evaluation results of each blasting. By mining and analyzing the historical data, a reference basis and empirical support are provided for the adjustment of the current blasting parameters. A data mining algorithm is used to analyze the potential relationship between different geological conditions, blasting parameters, and blasting effects in the historical data.

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