Intelligent follow-up supporting device for ultra-large sample cylinder and using method of intelligent follow-up supporting device

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent follow-up supporting device for an ultra-large sample cylinder and a using method thereof. The intelligent follow-up supporting device comprises the sample cylinder capable of sliding in and out of a cavity, a base is arranged at the bottom of the sample cylinder, a pressurizing plate is arranged at the top of the sample cylinder, and the sample cylinder can slide relative to the base and the pressurizing plate; hydraulic servo stabilizing devices are arranged on the two sides of the cavity, each hydraulic servo stabilizing device comprises a guide column and a first hydraulic cylinder, connecting lugs are fixedly arranged on the two sides of the sample barrel, the connecting lugs are connected with the guide columns through sliding sleeves, and the ends of piston rods in the first hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected with the connecting lugs. Data changes of test pressure applied by a soil mechanics test are input into the intelligent control system in real time, the intelligent system controls the hydraulic servo stabilizing device to output corresponding supporting force, actively balance sliding force of the sample cylinder, keep the sample cylinder stable and move along with deformation of the sample, the sample cylinder can be actively and stably supported, and test safety is guaranteed; the settlement deformation of the sample cylinder and the sample can be freely followed, so that the influence of support on the test is reduced or eliminated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of testing or analyzing materials by means of measuring the chemical or physical properties of the materials, and in particular to an intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] The ultra-large, large-size, coarse-grained soil compression tester is a soil mechanics tester that measures the relationships between soil deformation and pressure, and deformation and time, under loading conditions, under confined conditions and dynamic axial pressure. Ultra-large soil mechanics testing equipment requires an unusually large specimen tube, which is inherently heavy. Furthermore, the particle size of the soil sample and the overall specimen size are both large. Therefore, the friction between the tube and the specimen, as well as the tube's own stability, significantly impact test results and safety.

[0003] During the test, the friction between the specimen and the tester's sample cylinder inevitably affects the specimen's stress state and test results. To reduce this effect and ensure test accuracy, the sample cylinder is separated from the test equipment's support base, placing it in a "hovering" state, resulting in synchronous bidirectional compression and deformation of the specimen. More importantly, the friction between the specimen and the inner wall of the sample cylinder changes from unidirectional to relatively bidirectional, improving the uniformity of the specimen's stress and doubling the impact of the sample cylinder's constraint on the specimen's effective stress.

[0004] For ultra-large, large-diameter coarse-grained soil compression testers, the test cylinder diameter must be no less than 3m, and the test pressure must reach 40,000kN. Due to the large scale of the test apparatus and the high maximum test pressure requirements, the sample cylinder's structural dimensions and weight are unconventional (see "CN118937103A," a chamber-type, back-pressure, ultra-large compression test apparatus). During the test, when the sample cylinder is suspended, the friction between the sample cylinder and the sample is insufficient to support its own weight, causing it to slide. This can affect the stability of the sample cylinder itself and the large-diameter sample, significantly impacting the test results and safety. Furthermore, the friction between the suspended test cylinder and the test material also affects test accuracy.

[0005] In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the ultra-large, large-size, coarse-grained soil compression test and reduce the impact of the friction between the sample and the cylinder wall on the test safety and the accuracy of the test data, it is necessary to control the sample cylinder so that it cannot slide down due to its own weight. At the same time, the sample cylinder must move accordingly when the soil mechanics sample produces settlement deformation under the action of the test pressure N, that is, the sample cylinder moves with the sample deformation, thereby improving the safety of the test operation process and reducing the impact of the friction of the sample cylinder on the test results. Therefore, it is necessary to study and improve the test instrument and add a device that can actively provide follow-up and stable support to the test cylinder according to the changes in the test load and the test deformation, to ensure the safety of the test and reduce the influence of friction. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube and a method of using the same, so as to solve the problems in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: comprising a sample tube that can slide in and out of the cave chamber, a base is provided at the bottom of the sample tube, a pressure plate is provided at the top of the sample tube, and the sample tube can slide relative to the base and the pressure plate; Hydraulic servo stabilization devices are provided on both sides of the cavern, and the hydraulic servo stabilization devices include guide columns and a first hydraulic cylinder. Connecting ears are fixedly provided on both sides of the sample tube, and the connecting ears are connected to the guide columns through sliding sleeves. The end of the piston rod in the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the connecting ears.

[0008] Preferably, the ground inside and outside the cave is paved with two rows of connected first and second tracks, and a base support is provided between the second tracks in the cave; The bottom of the base moves against the first track and the second track via a plurality of rollers; A third hydraulic cylinder is provided on both sides of the bottom of the second track, and is used to drive the second track to rise and fall. When rising, the first track and the second track are flush, and when descending, the base is abutted against the base support platform.

[0009] Preferably, winches are provided inside and outside the cavern, and towing hooks are fixedly provided at both ends of the base. The winches are hung on the towing hooks through cables to drive the base to drive the sample tube in and out of the cavern.

[0010] Preferably, a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the top of the cavern, an adaptive pressure head is fixed on the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder, a force transmission column corresponding to the second hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the pressure plate, and the second hydraulic cylinder is used to drive the adaptive pressure head to act on the force transmission column to apply load to it.

[0011] Preferably, the guide columns are arranged on both sides of the first hydraulic cylinder, the bottom of the guide columns is fixed on the cave floor, the tops of the two guide columns are fixed by a connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are fixedly connected to the side walls of the cave through connecting columns.

[0012] Preferably, a through groove is provided on the connecting ear. When the sample tube slides into the chamber, the guide column enters the through groove, and the end of the sliding sleeve is connected and fixed to the connecting ear by a bolt. A locking block is fixed at the end of the through groove for limiting and locking the two guide columns.

[0013] Preferably, a ball head is provided at the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder, and one end of the pressure seat in the adaptive pressure head is provided with a concave surface corresponding to the arc surface of the ball head. The ball head rests against the pressure seat, and the outer side of the pressure seat is connected to the piston rod through multiple connecting parts. The inside of the connecting part is a through groove, and the two ends of the through groove are respectively connected to the pressure seat and the piston rod by bolts.

[0014] Preferably, a boss is provided on the base, the sample tube is sleeved on the boss, a rolling device is provided between the middle of the boss and the sample tube, a sealing ring is fixed on the outer side of the top of the boss, and the outer side of the sealing ring abuts against the inner wall of the sample tube.

[0015] A method for using an intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube, wherein the method is: S1. After the sample is filled into the sample tube outside the cavern, the pressure plate is hoisted into the sample tube and pulled into the cavern by a winch; S2. When the sample tube moves into the cavern, the through slots on the connecting ears on both sides are inserted into the guide posts. After moving into position, the sliding sleeves on the guide posts are fixed to the connecting ears by bolts, and the locking blocks are locked at the openings at the ends of the through slots. S3. Drive the third hydraulic cylinder to slowly lower the second track and the entire structure so that the base rests on the base support. Then, drive the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder to extend and secure its end to the connecting lug with bolts, completing the test preparation. S3. During the test, a load N is applied to the pressure plate through the second hydraulic cylinder. X At the same time, the data transmission system transmits the loading parameters to the intelligent control system, and the friction force F between the sample tube and the sample X N X function of the sample tube support force P x =f(F x ), thus determining P X , control the first hydraulic cylinder in the hydraulic servo stabilization device to stably support the sample tube, and make the sample tube "follow" as the sample deforms. No new friction is generated between the sample tube and the sample, so that the disturbance of the sample tube to the sample is minimized, ensuring a smooth and safe test process and reliable test results.

[0016] Preferably, during the test, the load N applied to the pressure plate by the second hydraulic cylinder is X and the supporting force T of the base X Under the action of the sample tube, the sample in the sample tube will be relatively compressed, and the relative displacement between the sample and the sample tube wall will form a friction force F 上x 、F 下x , F 上x 、F 下x N X function; F 上x 、F 下x The resultant force F x = F 上x- F 下x , the weight of the sample tube is G0, P x =G0- F x , Fx N X function, so P x N X Function to establish the test load N X and the support force P provided for the sample tube x The first hydraulic cylinder actively provides the support force P required to balance and stabilize the sample cylinder. x ; In order to make the sample in the suspended sample tube deform synchronously and uniformly in both directions under pressure, the relative displacement between the sample and the tube wall forms a friction force F 上x 、F 下x The effect of the constraint of the suspended specimen tube on the specimen on the effective stress of the specimen is reduced by a factor of two.

[0017] The present invention provides an intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample cylinder and a method for using the same. According to changes in test pressure data applied in soil mechanics tests, the data are input into an intelligent control system in real time and accurately. The intelligent system responds in real time to control the hydraulic servo stabilization device to output corresponding support force, actively balances the downward force on the sample cylinder, keeps the sample cylinder stable and displaces as the sample deforms. This device can actively support the sample cylinder stably and ensure test safety, and allows the sample cylinder to freely follow the settlement and deformation of the sample, reducing or eliminating the influence of the support on the test, thereby achieving high-efficiency, high-quality and high-safety "hovering" of the sample cylinder of a heavy-duty compression instrument. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples: Figure 1 It is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This invention Figure 1 The middle sample cylinder is located outside the cavern; Figure 3 This invention Figure 1 Middle AA section view; Figure 4 This invention Figure 1 Middle BB cross-section; Figure 5 This invention Figure 3 Middle partial enlarged view a; Figure 6 This invention Figure 3 Middle partial enlarged view b; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the test force of the present invention; In the figure: base 1; boss 101; sealing ring 102; rolling device 103; sample tube 2; pressure plate 3; force transmission column 301; first track 4; hydraulic servo stabilization device 5; connecting ear 6; locking block 7; through groove 8; second track 9; connecting column 10; first hydraulic cylinder 11; adaptive pressure head 12; second hydraulic cylinder 13; roller 14; third hydraulic cylinder 15; guide column 16; sleeve 17; base support 18; chamber 19; ball head 20; pressure seat 21; connector 22; bolt 23; intelligent control system 24. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, an intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube includes a sample tube 2 that can slide in and out of a cavity 19. The bottom of the sample tube 2 is provided with a base 1, and the top of the sample tube 2 is provided with a pressure plate 3. The sample tube 2 can slide relative to the base 1 and the pressure plate 3. Hydraulic servo stabilization devices 5 are provided on both sides of the chamber 19. The hydraulic servo stabilization devices 5 include guide columns 16 and a first hydraulic cylinder 11. Connecting ears 6 are fixedly provided on both sides of the sample tube 2. The connecting ears 6 are connected to the guide columns 16 through sliding sleeves 17. The end of the piston rod in the first hydraulic cylinder 11 is fixedly connected to the connecting ears 6.

[0020] In this case, the diameter of the sample cylinder of the super-large coarse-grained soil compression tester is no less than 3m, and the test pressure reaches 40,000kN. Due to the large scale of the test device and the high maximum test pressure required, the sample cylinder structure size and weight are unconventional, so a cavern 19 is built, and the inner wall of the cavern 19 is used as support to ensure that the required test pressure can be met. Figures 1 and 2 As shown, the sample tube 2 rests on the base 1, and after the test is carried out on the outside of the cavity 19, it is pushed into the cavity 19. The pressure plate 3 is loaded by the second hydraulic cylinder 13 on the top of the cavity 19. At the same time, the hydraulic servo stabilization device 5 is connected to the connecting ears 6 on both sides of the sample tube 2. The first hydraulic cylinder 11 can drive the sample tube 2 to move following the loading process, thereby reducing the influence of the friction between the sample and the sample tube 2 on the test.

[0021] Preferably, the ground inside and outside the cave 19 is paved with two rows of connected first rails 4 and second rails 9, and a base support 18 is provided between the second rails 9 inside the cave 19; the bottom of the base 1 moves against the first rails 4 and the second rails 9 via a plurality of rollers 14; There is a protruding base support 18 in the test area of ​​the cavern 19, and there are lifting second rails 9 on both sides of the base support 18. When the base 1 moves into the cavern 19 through the rollers 14, the second rail 9 is driven down by the third hydraulic cylinder 15 at the bottom of the second rail 9 to make the base 1 rest against the base support 18.

[0022] Winches are provided inside and outside the cavern 19 , and towing hooks are fixedly provided at both ends of the base 1 . The winches are hung on the towing hooks through cables to drive the base 1 to drive the sample tube 2 in and out of the cavern 19 .

[0023] Preferably, a plurality of second hydraulic cylinders 13 are fixedly provided on the top of the cavern 19, an adaptive pressure head 12 is fixedly provided at the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 13, and a force transmission column 301 corresponding to the second hydraulic cylinder 13 is fixedly provided on the pressure plate 3, and the second hydraulic cylinder 13 is used to drive the adaptive pressure head 12 to act on the force transmission column 301 to apply load thereto.

[0024] The sample is filled into the sample tube 2, and a pressure plate 3 is installed on the top thereof. After entering the cavity 19, the force transmission columns 301 on the pressure plate 3 correspond one-to-one with the multiple second hydraulic cylinders 13 on the top of the cavity 19. Driving the second hydraulic cylinders 13 loads the sample through the force transmission columns 301 and the pressure plate 3; the adaptive pressure head 12 between the second hydraulic cylinder 13 and the force transmission columns 301 can ensure that the load is vertical.

[0025] like Figure 5 As shown, the adaptive pressure head 12 includes a ball head 20 at the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 13. The ball head 20 rests against a corresponding concave surface at one end of the pressure seat 21. The outer side of the pressure seat 21 is connected to the piston rod via multiple connectors 22. The connectors 22 have through slots formed within them, and the ends of the through slots are connected to the pressure seat 21 and the piston rod, respectively, via bolts 23. When the second hydraulic cylinder 13 drives the piston rod to move, the pressure seat 21 rests against the end face of the force transmission column 301. The fit between the ball head 20 and the concave surface ensures that the applied load is vertical.

[0026] Preferably, the guide columns 16 are arranged on both sides of the first hydraulic cylinder 11, the bottom of the guide columns 16 is fixed on the ground of the cave 19, the tops of the two guide columns 16 are fixed by a connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are fixedly connected to the side walls of the cave 19 through connecting columns 10.

[0027] A through slot 8 is provided on the connecting ear 6. When the sample tube 2 slides into the cavity 19, the guide column 16 enters the through slot 8. The end of the sliding sleeve 17 thereon is connected and fixed to the connecting ear 6 by a bolt. A locking block 7 is fixed at the end of the through slot 8 for limiting and locking the two guide columns 16.

[0028] When the sample tube 2 moves into the cavity 19, the guide post 16 enters the through groove 8 on the connecting ear 6 and is connected and fixed to the connecting ear 6 through the sliding sleeve 17 on the guide post 16, thereby ensuring that the sample tube 2 can slide up and down smoothly. After the sliding sleeve 17 is fixed in place, the locking block 7 is installed at the end of the through groove 8 to limit and lock the two guide posts 16.

[0029] Preferably, a boss 101 is provided on the base 1, and the sample tube 2 is sleeved on the boss 101. A rolling device 103 is provided between the middle of the boss 101 and the sample tube 2. A sealing ring 102 is fixed on the outer side of the top of the boss 101, and the outer side of the sealing ring 102 abuts against the inner wall of the sample tube 2.

[0030] When filling the sample tube 2, the base 1 and the sample tube 2 are padded with pads to raise the sample tube 2. After the first hydraulic cylinder 11 and the connecting ear 6 are stably supported, Figure 6 As shown, removing the spacer allows the sample tube 2 to be suspended and move under the drive of the first hydraulic cylinder 11. The rolling device 103 is a ball, a ball carrier equipped with multiple balls, a roller, or a roller carrier equipped with multiple rollers, which can ensure that the sample tube 2 and the boss 101 slide smoothly relative to each other.

[0031] Example 2 like Figures 1 to 7 As shown in the figure, further explained in combination with Example 1, when the weight G of the sample tube 2 is less than the static friction F between the sample and the test tube 2 静 When the weight G of the sample tube 2 is greater than the static friction F between the sample and the test tube 2, the sample tube will not slide relative to the test tube 2. 静 When the sample tube 2 slides down, a supporting force P is required. x , support force P x Friction force F between sample tube 2 and sample x The relationship is: P x = G0- F x In order to ensure the stability of the sample tube in the hovering state, the minimum support force required is P 小 = G0-F 静x .

[0032] The specimen is the research object: the load N is applied during the test X and the support force T provided by the pedestal X Under the action of the sample, relative compression will occur, and the relative displacement between the sample and the cylinder wall will form a friction force F 上x 、F 下x , F 上x 、F 下x N X Function of F 上x 、F 下x The resultant force F x = F 上x -F 下x ; and P x = G0- F x , F x N X function, so P x N X Therefore, the test load N can be establishedX and the support force P provided for the sample tube x In order to make the sample in the suspended sample tube deform synchronously and uniformly in both directions under pressure, the relative displacement between the sample and the tube wall should form a friction force F in opposite directions. 上x 、F 下x balance.

[0033] For this purpose, the equipment is subjected to a test load N X At the same time, the data transmission system synchronously transmits the loading parameters to the intelligent control system 24, the friction force F X N X function, and P x =f(F x ), thus determining P X , control the support system, stably support the test cylinder, and make the test cylinder "move" with the deformation of the sample. No new friction is generated between the sample cylinder and the sample, so that the disturbance of the sample cylinder to the sample is minimized, ensuring a smooth and safe test process and reliable test results.

[0034] A method for using an intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube, wherein the method is: S1. After the sample is filled into the sample tube 2 outside the cavern 19, the pressure plate 3 is hoisted and placed into the sample tube 2, and the whole is pulled into the cavern 19 by a winch; S2. When the sample tube 2 moves into the chamber 19, the through slots 8 on the connecting ears 6 on both sides are engaged with the guide posts 16. After moving into position, the sliding sleeves 17 on the guide posts 16 are fixed to the connecting ears 6 by bolts, and the locking blocks 7 are locked at the end openings of the through slots 8. S3. Drive the third hydraulic cylinder 15 to slowly lower the second rail 9 and the entire structure so that the base 1 lands on the base support 18. Then, drive the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 11 to extend its end and connect and fix it to the connecting ear 6 with bolts, completing the preparations before the test. S3: During the test, the second hydraulic cylinder 13 applies a load N to the pressure plate 3. X At the same time, the data transmission system synchronously transmits the loading parameters to the intelligent control system 24, and the friction force F between the sample tube 2 and the sample X N X function of the support force P of the sample tube 2. x =f(F x ), thus determining P X , control the first hydraulic cylinder 11 in the hydraulic servo stabilization device 5 to stably support the sample tube 2, and make the sample tube 2 "follow" with the deformation of the sample. No new friction is generated between the sample tube 2 and the sample, so that the disturbance of the sample tube 2 to the sample is minimized, ensuring a smooth and safe test process and reliable test results.

[0035] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, when conducting soil mechanics tests, the test loading system actively applies the dynamic test load N X , the axial force is applied to the sample through the pressure plate 3, and the base support 18 generates a reaction force T X , so that the sample produces bidirectional synchronous compression deformation. The effect is that the axial pressure can be more effectively transmitted to the sample, significantly improving the accuracy of the compression test and improving the uniformity of the sample force. More importantly, the friction between the sample and the inner wall of the sample tube 2 is changed from unidirectional to relative bidirectional friction F 上x 、F 下x (N X function of the friction force F between the sample and the sample tube 2 x = F 上x -F 下x =f(N X ), the influence on the effective stress of the sample is reduced by a factor of two, and the influence of the sample tube 2 on the test results of the compression deformation of the sample is significantly reduced, and the data measured in the test (axial pressure and displacement) are more accurate. x Under the action of its own weight G0, the support force P provided by the first hydraulic cylinder 11 x Support. The test loading system actively applies dynamic test load N X At the same time, the load data is transmitted to the intelligent control system 24 through the data transmission system. x =G0-F x = G0-f(N X ), intelligent control system 24 with load N X The change of controls the first hydraulic cylinder 11, and the first hydraulic cylinder 11 outputs a dynamic supporting force P x , and the sliding force GF under the sample tube 2 x Phase balance actively and stably supports the sample tube, and enables the sample tube 2 to move in a controlled manner as the sample deforms, thereby achieving the purpose of ensuring test safety without affecting the test and its results.

[0036] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be the technical solutions set forth in the claims, including equivalent alternatives to the technical features of the technical solutions set forth in the claims. In other words, equivalent alternatives and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube, characterized by: The sample tube (2) comprises a sample tube (2) that can slide into and out of a cavity (19), a base (1) is provided at the bottom of the sample tube (2), a pressure plate (3) is provided at the top of the sample tube (2), and the sample tube (2) can slide relative to the base (1) and the pressure plate (3); A hydraulic servo stabilization device (5) is provided on both sides of the cavern (19), and the hydraulic servo stabilization device (5) includes a guide column (16) and a first hydraulic cylinder (11). Connecting ears (6) are fixedly provided on both sides of the sample tube (2), and the connecting ears (6) are connected to the guide column (16) through a sliding sleeve (17). The end of the piston rod in the first hydraulic cylinder (11) is fixedly connected to the connecting ears (6).

2. The intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube according to claim 1 is characterized by: Two rows of connected first rails (4) and second rails (9) are laid on the ground inside and outside the cavern (19), and a base support (18) is provided between the second rails (9) inside the cavern (19); The bottom of the base (1) moves against the first track (4) and the second track (9) via a plurality of rollers (14); A third hydraulic cylinder (15) is provided on both sides of the bottom of the second track (9). The third hydraulic cylinder (15) is used to drive the second track (9) to rise and fall, so that the first track (4) and the second track (9) are flush when rising, and the base (1) is abutted against the base support (18) when descending.

3. According to claim 2, an intelligent follow-up support device for a super-large sample tube is characterized in that: Winches are provided inside and outside the cavern (19), and towing hooks are fixedly provided at both ends of the base (1). The winches are hung on the towing hooks via cables to drive the base (1) to drive the sample tube (2) in and out of the cavern (19).

4. The intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube according to claim 1 is characterized by: A plurality of second hydraulic cylinders (13) are arranged on the top of the cavern (19), an adaptive pressure head (12) is fixedly provided at the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (13), a force transmission column (301) corresponding to the second hydraulic cylinder (13) is fixedly provided on the pressure plate (3), and the second hydraulic cylinder (13) is used to drive the adaptive pressure head (12) to act on the force transmission column (301) to apply a load thereto.

5. The intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube according to claim 1 is characterized by: The guide columns (16) are arranged on both sides of the first hydraulic cylinder (11), the bottom of the guide columns (16) is fixed on the ground of the cavern (19), the tops of the two guide columns (16) are fixed by a connecting rod, and the two ends of the connecting rod are fixedly connected to the side walls of the cavern (19) through connecting columns (10).

6. The intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: A through slot (8) is provided on the connecting ear (6). When the sample tube (2) slides into the cavity (19), the guide column (16) enters the through slot (8). The end of the sliding sleeve (17) thereon is connected and fixed to the connecting ear (6) by a bolt. A locking block (7) is fixed at the end of the through slot (8) for locking and fixing the two guide columns (16) in a limited position.

7. The intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube according to claim 4, characterized in that: A ball head (20) is provided at the end of the piston rod of the second hydraulic cylinder (13), and a concave surface corresponding to the arc surface of the ball head (20) is provided at one end of the pressure seat (21) in the adaptive pressure head (12). The ball head (20) abuts against the pressure seat (21), and the outer side of the pressure seat (21) is connected to the piston rod through a plurality of connecting members (22). The interior of the connecting member (22) is a through groove, and the two ends of the through groove are respectively connected to the pressure seat (21) and the piston rod through bolts (23).

8. The intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube according to claim 1, characterized in that: A boss (101) is provided on the base (1), and the sample tube (2) is sleeved on the boss (101). A rolling device (103) is provided between the middle of the boss (101) and the sample tube (2). A sealing ring (102) is fixed on the outer side of the top of the boss (101), and the outer side of the sealing ring (102) abuts against the inner wall of the sample tube (2).

9. A method for using the intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: S1. After the sample is filled in the sample tube (2) outside the cavern (19), the pressure plate (3) is hoisted and placed in the sample tube (2), and the whole is pulled into the cavern (19) by a winch; S2. When the sample tube (2) moves into the cavern (19), the through slots (8) on the connecting ears (6) on both sides are inserted into the guide posts (16). After moving into position, the sliding sleeves (17) on the guide posts (16) are fixed to the connecting ears (6) by bolts, and the locking blocks (7) are locked at the end openings of the through slots (8); S3, drive the third hydraulic cylinder (15) to drive the second rail (9) and the whole to slowly descend, so that the base (1) falls on the base support (18), and then drive the piston rod of the first hydraulic cylinder (11) to extend its end and connect and fix it to the connecting ear (6) through bolts, completing the preparation before the test; S3. During the test, a load N is applied to the pressure plate (3) through the second hydraulic cylinder (13). X At the same time, the data transmission system synchronously transmits the loading parameters to the intelligent control system (24), and the friction force F between the sample tube (2) and the sample X N X function of the support force P of the sample cylinder (2) x =f(F x ), thus determining P X , controlling the first hydraulic cylinder (11) in the hydraulic servo stabilizing device (5) to stably support the sample tube (2), and making the sample tube (2) "follow" as the sample deforms, so that no new friction force is generated between the sample tube (2) and the sample, minimizing the disturbance of the sample tube (2) to the sample, and ensuring a smooth and safe test process and reliable test results.

10. The method for using the intelligent follow-up support device for an ultra-large sample tube according to claim 9, characterized in that: The load N applied to the pressure plate (3) by the second hydraulic cylinder (13) during the test X and the supporting force T of the base support (18) X Under the action of the sample tube (2), the sample in the sample tube (2) will be relatively compressed, and the relative displacement between the sample and the wall of the sample tube (2) will form a friction force F 上x 、F 下x , F 上x 、F 下x N X function; F 上x 、F 下x The resultant force F x = F 上x- F 下x , the weight of the sample tube (2) is G0, P x =G0- F x , F x N X function, so P x N X Function to establish the test load N X and the support force P provided for the sample tube x The first hydraulic cylinder (11) actively provides the supporting force P required to balance and stabilize the sample cylinder (2). x ; In order to make the sample in the suspended sample tube (2) deform synchronously and uniformly in both directions under pressure, the relative displacement between the sample and the tube wall forms a friction force F in opposite directions. 上x 、F 下x The effect of the constraint of the suspended specimen tube on the specimen on the effective stress of the specimen is reduced by a factor of two.

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